EP2304109A2

EP2304109A2 - Clearing vehicle and method for cleaning and/or clearing traffic surfaces at airports or similar, in particular runways

Info

Publication number: EP2304109A2
Application number: EP09761326A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas Lins
Original assignee: Lima & Co Betriebs-Kg GmbH
Current assignee: Lima & Co Betriebs-Kg GmbH
Priority date: 2008-06-14
Filing date: 2009-06-15
Publication date: 2011-04-06
Also published as: WO2009149705A2; DE102009025234A1; WO2009149705A3

Abstract

The invention relates to a clearing vehicle for cleaning long stretches of fixed carriageway such as runways for aircraft, said vehicle comprising at least one rotating brush element, the rotational axis of which runs substantially horizontally and transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and to the driving direction and the brushes of which sweep the carriageway in the driving direction of the clearing vehicle and also comprising at least one transverse conveyor element, located in front of the rotating brush element in the driving direction, for the permanent removal of the material captured and/or swept up from the carriageway by the brush element in a lateral direction in relation to the clearing vehicle. The invention also relates to a method for cleaning and/or clearing a long stretch of an in particular linear, fixed carriageway, in particular a taxiway and/or runway of an airfield, said carriageway being optionally divided into segments in the longitudinal direction for several clearing units and said segments being traversed by clearing vehicles from one side to the opposite side, at an angle to the longitudinal direction of the carriageway, and thus being simultaneously cleaned and/or cleared.

Description

Clearing vehicle and method for cleaning and / or clearing traffic areas at airports and the like., In particular of

Runways and runways

description

The present invention relates to a method for clearing and / or cleaning runways of airports (hereinafter referred to as Runways), which should make it possible to maintain a flight operation even under unfavorable weather conditions, such as in winter. In addition, the present invention describes newly developed combinations of constructional features of clearing devices and vehicles.

Particularly in winter and in heavy snowfall, the affected airports and airlines are threatened with considerable financial expenditures for the necessary clearance of the runways and for the necessary de-icing of the aircraft. Nevertheless, extreme weather conditions in winter lead to a loss of passenger safety (e.g.

Scheduled flight stability) and also to increased emissions of carbon dioxide, for example, due to the required holding patterns that have to be flown by many aircraft due to insufficient cleared runways.

DE 10 2007 004 159 A1 discloses a method for clearing, cleaning or treating runways and a method for restoring and maintaining high levels

Brake coefficients known on runways for aircraft. In these known methods are the side of the runway cleaning units that pass after passing through the aircraft, the runway transverse to the direction of travel or flight of the aircraft while cleaning the runway, or by snow blade, ice scraper etc. The crossing of the runway is in a Angle transverse to the longitudinal direction.

Further prior art is known, for example, from DE 35 18 442 C2, from EP 0 261 097 B1 and from AT 413 564 B. Thus, AT 413 564 B describes a method for removing ice and / or press snow layers from traffic areas and an apparatus for carrying out the method described. The layers to be removed are cut and cut by means of a suitably equipped vehicle and By means of a pressurized water jet acted upon by heated water, the water lifts the ice or snow layer from the traffic surface, thawed at the same time by the temperature and crushed. The crushed pieces are taken up by the vehicle, melted and used in part for the pressurized water to be delivered.

EP 0 261 097 B1 also describes a device for evacuating

Traffic areas of snow, slush, water, dirt o. The like., Which has rotating drums and a conveyor belt for the Räumgut. The conveyor belt is at an acute angle to the traffic surface, so that one of the two strands of the band can be brought to the traffic surface to the plant, while the other, opposite strand is lifted from the traffic area.

DE 35 18 442 C2 also discloses a snow removing device with a blast wheel with extending in the clearing axis of rotation and with the impeller equiaxially upstream, driven cutting and conveying device, wherein one or both sides of the cutting and conveying device, a driven feed screw is provided.

With regard to the last-mentioned documents, it should be noted that these do not disclose any methods and other features which can contribute to a significant improvement in the clearance time or the permanent maintenance of the high brake coefficients absolutely necessary for safe flight operations. In contrast, the disclosed devices and methods are more suitable for roads and highways, but not for runways. At least two structural features in turn characterize all "ideal" devices for roads and highways: A relatively small working width of less than road or motorway lane width on the one hand, and the requirement of a paved surface, due to the total mass of the clearing units and the tire dimensions, such usual for trucks.

In addition, all references except DE 10 2007 004 159 A1 have a significant procedural defect. Thus, these methods are e.g. In days of persistent snowfall but also in uninterrupted flight operations usually only used when a low brake coefficient is no longer sufficient security and a large amount of contamination (snow, ice, slush, etc.) to remove.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide improved vehicles and methods for clearing runways for removing snow, slush, ice and snow other so-called contaminations available. This object is achieved with the objects of the independent claims. Features of advantageous developments and / or combination of these objects can be found in the dependent claims, which may contribute to solving the above problems and consequential problems.

The present invention relates to a method for clearing and / or cleaning runways of airports (hereinafter referred to as runways), which makes it possible to maintain a largely regular flight operation in relation to an airport which is completely closed in the extreme case due to winter interruptions. In addition, newly developed combinations of structural features are described. In addition to the considerable financial savings for the airlines and the airports, in addition to the gain in security for the passengers (eg flight plan stability) and in addition to the significant potential savings in C0 ₂ emissions, the present invention makes it possible, with the help of an optimized winter service for airports, which For many runways, high two- or three-digit millions in euros per year causes costs to significantly reduce these costs.

The invention initially relates to an improved clearing vehicle for cleaning elongated paved roadways such as, for example, runways and / or runways for aircraft. The clearing vehicle has at least one in the direction of travel before (pushed) or behind the vehicle mounted (pulled) and preferably adjustable in height rotating brush element whose axis of rotation is substantially horizontal and transverse to

Vehicle longitudinal and direction of travel is arranged and its brushes sweep the roadway in the direction of travel of the clearing vehicle. In addition, the clearing vehicle has at least one transverse conveying element upstream of the rotating brush element in the direction of travel of the clearing vehicle for the permanent removal of the broaching material picked up by the brush element from the roadway and / or raised in a direction laterally from

Clearing vehicle on. With the help of the clearing device according to the invention runways of airports can be cleared much more effectively and thoroughly from snow and ice than was previously the case, the cleaning can be done in a much shorter time than with the known from the prior art broaching machines and vehicles Case is.

In the clearing vehicle according to the invention, the cross conveyor or can the

Cross conveyor elements preferably be arranged near the bottom and have a substantially horizontal, arranged in the direction of travel in front of the rotating brush element and moving laterally to the direction of travel of the clearing vehicle storage area. In this way - A -

is thrown by the brush elements forward and obliquely upwards snow or taken in a similar manner by the web and thrown up and forward ice on the cross conveyor and be carried away to the side. The storage surface of the cross conveyor element may be formed in particular by an upper strand of at least one circulating endless conveyor belt, which promotes the picked up by the rotating brush element and thrown onto the cross conveyor period Räumgut permanently aside. Optionally, the transverse conveyor element may comprise two oppositely running Endlösförderbänder which adjoin one another approximately centrally in the region of the vehicle longitudinal direction. Of course, however, the transverse conveyor element may also comprise only a single revolving endless conveyor belt, which is optionally slightly inclined in the direction of travel obliquely behind and deposits the snow conveyed to the side laterally at some distance from the lanes of the vehicle.

A further preferred embodiment variant of the clearing vehicle according to the invention provides that the rotating brush element can be regulated in its rotational speed as a function of a travel speed and / or of the quantity of the clearing material to be picked up, for example from a snow depth. In addition, the circulating

Transverse conveying element as a function of a driving speed and / or be controlled by the amount to be absorbed or the amount of the Räumguts raised by the rotating brush element in its circulation and conveying speed.

A further advantageous embodiment of the clearing vehicle can have a transverse clearing blade located transversely to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle or slightly oblique to the latter and mounted beneath the transverse conveying element arranged in the direction of travel in front of the rotating brush element. This rigid plow blade may serve to rupture and promote solidified snow or ice, where it is caught by the brush in the manner described and thrown onto the cross conveyor. Especially with difficult ground, the cleaning performance of the clearing vehicle can be improved by means of the additional plow blade.

The at least one transverse conveying element may optionally be formed by chain, worm or belt conveyor belts. Optionally, additional blower and / or sprayers may be provided for receiving and / or for releasing the Räumguts of the roadway. In addition, the clearing vehicle may optionally have a steerable or at least two steerable axles. In addition, the clearing vehicle may optionally have a semi-automatic or fully automatic steering system, the controller receives external signals and / or communicates with an external control center. So the clearing vehicle can possibly over have a radio receiver that receives current location data of a geo-satellite system and processes it for automated control of the vehicle.

Further variants and additional or alternative embodiments of the spacecraft according to the invention and / or its components will be described below. Thus, the attachments, components and / or the self-driver serve for

Processing, treating, harvesting or applying agricultural land, and in particular for clearing flat paved areas, such as runways of airfields. The vehicle, its electronic components and / or bus systems and / or software are initially developed primarily for agriculture, but can be used advantageously for mechanical, chemical and / or thermal decontamination of runways and / or traffic areas or other areas at airports. The optimized components can be combined and / or coupled and / or mechanically connected and / or linked electrically and / or electronically. These components are, for example: low but wide clearing plates, structurally optimized arrangements of sweeper and broach, in that the sweepers are always loaded equally or equally by transporting the contamination (residues) directly in front of one or more possible broaches and / or throw / skid, constructively optimized for decontamination optimized sweeping rollers, optimized side conveyors, such as Chain conveyors, screws, conveyor belts, straps, cables and the like, directly on the ground for additional decontamination or harvesting (contamination, fouling etc.) of the substrates working or working in a kind of sump and / or moving, other tools and / or components such eg Blowing devices, spraying and spraying, in particular the latter according to the invention may originate from agricultural technology. According to the invention, the mentioned components from agriculture can be used on runways, taxiways etc. of airports.

In addition, existing sweeping relatively small working width as the other possible components can not be performed by a tractor, but several units or components attached to a kind of adapter, the units (motor unit, tractor, attachment) with low-pressure tires, large from the Agricultural derived tires, are provided to ensure off-road capability, and how the above components and combinations are used, for example on runway systems. Other agricultural components may include: steering systems, steering units, satellite receivers, information and operating interfaces, driver information components, GPRS remote transmission components and software, data processing software, and more. These Existing components from or for agriculture can advantageously be used at airports, in particular as part of the winter service. In addition, according to the invention, the vehicles, the teams, the implements for runways on all-wheel drive and / or all-wheel steering have to ensure the off-road capability for the procedures and the required maneuverability. In addition, by a steering of the rear axle or axles, a correction of the lane can be more effective and faster than if only one (front) axis is steered.

The mechanical connection can be done between eg tractor and airport-specific Entkontaminierungskomponenten or harvest components by a kind of adapter (with or without sparatem chassis). This adapter (s) is (are) coupled to the tractor. On the adapter turn the desired or existing for airports tools and components are coupled or permanently installed. As a result, the working width is significantly increased compared to the known state of the art, for example. By offset coupling and guiding by a tractor, which can be easily decoupled. As a result, at least one tractor unit or guide unit with steering is saved. The power supply of the tools can be done by the tractor or additional power units, by tensile force transmission, mechanical transmission, for example via shaft (s) and / or propeller shaft (s), chains, belts, gears, etc., hydrostatic, electrical or compressed air. In addition, the adapter can be composed of modules that are known from the crane industry or the construction industry, or be formed from corresponding existing crane modules or similar truss or lightweight units. On these adapters, only the brush roller units with / without guide link, etc., can also be coupled in modules (ie without corresponding frame or housing). The same applies to the other tools, which can also be connected to the crane module or grid frame, ie the adapter with handlebars, parallel linkages or other coupling gears. These handlebars and linkages etc. can be like upper links from agricultural technology. That is, they may be provided at least one end with a ball joint or universal joint o. The like, and possibly with a spindle, so that a slight adjustment of the different tools with each other, each other and in relation to the treated substrate is possible. An adjustment (eg the contact pressure of the components, eg the sweeping devices) can also be done by relief or load pressure settings on pneumatic or hydraulic components. For example, the sweeping roller is not guided by means of tactile or support wheels over the ground, but by contact pressure control and guide cylinders at a constant height or contact pressure led over the ground or tracked. The sweeping mirror is thus always optimal even without a jockey wheel.

Further features of the new design provide a uniform clearing or working image of the machine by the Räumschienen or brooms etc. are arranged directly next to each other and no serious gap remains. Optionally, the brushes attached to the edge of a horizontal sweeping brush with their brush ends, which have contact with the ground, pointing obliquely to the adjacent lying roll, or project beyond the edges of the brush roller or these brush ends of two adjacent, possibly aligned in its axis Brush rollers, mesh. In addition, a possibly upstream Räumschine can each be staggered, so that the gap is closed so that no contamination after the clearance (for example, spur-shaped) remains. That a gap of the snow machine is not located in front of a gap of the broom. It may also be provided that the arrangement of the brushes in the direction of working width, i. transverse to the direction of travel, alternated by a more lying (axial) Bürstewalze and a more stationary (radial) brush, and the more vertical rotating shaft with the brush (also called side brush or edge brush), the contamination, etc. of this, by clearing possible Traces (surfaces) feeds the lying more or less rotating brush rollers or in front of the lying, in this case adjacent brush rollers.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the lying brush rollers are arranged offset one behind the other and prevent a defined overlap of the brush leaving a trace with contamination, in addition, the tools are evenly loaded by the transverse orientation to Fortbewegungs- or direction. It may also be provided that the brushes pick up the contamination essentially only once or a few times and throw, hurl or transport it in front of the upstream or downstream relatively low snow rail (several side by side) or snow rails (several behind each other) and this ( the throw pattern) by variable Fahrgeschwindigkejt, variable rotational speed of the brush, variable support depth of the brushes, variable distances between the tools (eg brushes to rail (s)), etc. depending on the contamination and / or specifications (time, braking coefficient, etc.) set and turn can be optimized.

In addition, if necessary, a bunker can absorb the swept-up or scratched by the special tools contamination and thereby ensure an almost constant loading of the tools. Additional cross conveyor in front, behind, between or above Cleaning tools can move the contaminants collected from the substrate to be cleaned and / or collected in a bunker, drip pan or gutter to the side. The outer elements of a working width formed by a plurality of modules (or guided by a train, vehicle or motor vehicle), which can be mounted or positioned in an inclined manner in the clearing direction, so as to cause the contamination to be directed towards the working width center in that no contamination can be left over at the total working width, or the overlap while driving can be kept low. If necessary, the traces of the interstices between two cleaning tools or the contamination remaining in any traces can be liquefied by spraying means and / or thermal and / or chemical functions and / or the contamination can be eliminated by blowers and / or absorbed by vacuum blowers.

Before and / or after the (not only drawn, but possibly) power tools a plurality of broaches, plows, etc. may be arranged. At the ends of the partial or total working width, constructive contaminant removal devices, primarily directed forwardly, may be present, e.g. by standing on the sweeping rollers or Räumschinenflanken adjacent side plates, which prevent lying down of contamination at the edge of the working width or counteract such a leaving behind of snow and ice,

Other features of the redesign may provide that with preferably an attachment (eg with shutdown and on function of the side conveyor) Runways can be cleaned as described, a different combination of one or more tools such as Räumschiene (s), wherein before the indicated Räumschine still one or more reamers equipped with different tools can be arranged in different sizes, power tools such as rotating brooms and subsequent pressure blower or vacuum suction and subsequent spraying devices for deicing are arranged. In addition, with the operation of a side conveyor it is possible to run along taxiways (but also runways) lengthwise and at the same time to clear them (ie to clear contamination to the side), whereby also superfluous working widths for handling taxiways and narrower areas are pushed away or swung up or swung can, in addition, on large areas such as aprons, where no rents or piles may be accumulated by extending a loading unit or swinging up the cross conveyor, with or without partial working width, the contamination can be loaded directly, even while driving for transport. A loading unit such as a loader can not only at the respective or one side (s) of a total working width be available, but may also carry away or loaded between the pages of a total working width contamination.

A turn on or put into operation or to be brought to rated speed rotating brush of the inventive novel attachment with associated working width and associated mass moments of inertia or in the sum of inert rotational masses is facilitated by the underlying rotating rollers (brushes) are brought into contact with the ground, and is moved counter to the direction of travel or clearing direction, and by rotation with the body rotation of the body are rotated and with low or reduced engine speed then a mechanical connection between the engine and rotary tools is made wear, and in the direction of travel (ie reverse start-up direction for the rollers ) the attachment can be operated. Optionally, the rotational masses can be hydrostatically accelerated to at least idling speed with hydraulic motors in order to again produce a mechanical connection between the motor and the rotating body with little wear. Optionally, the rotary bodies can be set in motion by means of electric motors or pneumatic motors in order to also couple the mechanical drive train of the tractor or engine unit to the tool in a wear-resistant manner. It can be installed in the mechanical drive train and a fluid coupling, turbo coupling, hydraulic Voith coupling etc, which allows a slight low-wear and soft (jerk-free) speed increase.

Another variant of the new design makes it possible to still transport large working widths on the road by the entire working width has more than one chassis, each chassis has a drawbar, which experiences the traction of the tractor, accordingly can be directed to the towing vehicle and the adapter or the entire working width can be divided into the number of running gears, the partial working widths can be swiveled with the tools accordingly and each chassis can be transported as a trailer individually on the road.

The present invention also relates to a method for cleaning, and / or clearing an elongated, in particular rectilinearly fixed path, in particular a runway and / or runway of an airfield, which subdivides in the longitudinal direction, if necessary for several clearing units in segments is that of tractors crossed by a flank side to an opposite side of the flank and at an angle deviating from the web longitudinal direction while cleaned and / or cleared at the same time. It may be advantageous if the clearing vehicles after the Turn over the web to immediately cross the web again, preferably similar but on a preferably offset by the working width travel path, then again to clean or clear, to turn back. Preferably, the method is performed so that the plowing vehicles pass over the lane and thereby clear and / or clean and turn after each crossing of the lane until an assigned lane segment is completely cleaned or cleared and / or reaches or reaches a predetermined clearing time is. In addition, it may be provided that the clearing vehicles as long run over the track and thereby clear and / or clean and turn after each crossing of the web until a demolition and evacuation signal is received by a control center, the clearing vehicles to leave the train and remove this causes. Possibly. the clearing vehicles can be controlled by external influence from outside and / or prevented from driving on the train.

Variants of the method according to the invention for cleaning and / or broaching an elongated, in particular rectilinearly fastened web, in particular a runway and / or a runway of an airfield can provide that this is subdivided into segments in the longitudinal direction, if necessary for several broaching units and, whether on a paved or unpaved surface, can approach cleaning or clearing vehicles from the flanks to the track, the track can be cleared or cleared from edge to edge with tools inserted, ie from flank side to the opposite side of the flank, etc., crossing at an angle deviating from the web direction or crossing same time, thereby cleaning or treating the web, preferably turning immediately to immediately traverse the web again. Preferably, they traverse the web in a similar fashion, but on a preferably travel-width trajectory, clean the web again to turn again until either the assigned web segment has been completely cleaned and / or until a corresponding time has elapsed. Optionally, it may be arranged for the vehicles to leave the track when e.g. by way of trunk radio, electronic signal or other (eg light, sound) signs or procedural features by a head of operations driving on the train (eg also for evacuation) is canceled, and the clearing vehicles, whether on a fixed or unpaved surface, of the train remove again. In this case, if necessary, an offset can take place in about half the working width and the tools are used only in the middle of the web, so that the contamination compared to a Alternatiwerfahren must be transported only half as far.

A variant of the method may provide that the web for cleaning or evacuation with tools used and switched Querflirderer for one of the possible Trails along moves and the cross conveyor carries the collected Kontaminatjon to the respective flanks and / or appropriate containers or bunkers absorb the contamination.

Furthermore, a cross conveyor may be present on the attachment but turned off on the runway so that the contamination can be stored in a container (bunker, trough, gutter, etc.) and this container, after leaving the web, e.g. is emptied by switching on the cross conveyor and / or a Verladefräse and / or a pump and / or a push-off device and / or by means of a tilting mechanism. In addition, with an application subject besides solid constituents, liquid or moisture, e.g. by the sweeping or cleaning tools (with switchable pneumatic blower (s) with / or vacuum or suction operation and / or pressure) conveyed or transported into a container which also by cross conveyor or the like, and / or liquid pumps or emptied other pumps. In addition, the liquid components of the respective contamination can be stored not only in containers, but pumped around with pumps or also loaded and transported away. In contrast to the prior art for runways so primarily liquid or moisture can be collected or absorbed on the substrates and stored in containers, stored and / or transported away, also be pumped and / or pumped out.

Another variant of the method is characterized in that corresponding

(Winter service) vehicles by external influence from outside (that is by omitting the respective driver) by means of electronic control of the engine, the clutch, the driving gear, the service brakes, the steering by means of operating bus system, GPRS, radio, infrared, and / or other signals, and data transmission means are prevented from being driven on and / or obstructed, and thus it is ensured that no winter service vehicle can collide with an aircraft or other road user, or can enter the respective safety area. For example, the tower controller and / or the operations manager of the winter service can unlock each individual vehicle via GPRS data transmission with GPS data or ground radar oA at any time locations and by remote control or the like for driving on the runway, trigger the stored driving and / or cancel and / or one Immediately evacuate the clearing vehicles from the runway by remote control or by radio. In addition, remote control functions on the vehicles can be controlled, such as the automatic spraying of the runway or other traffic areas with de-icing agents, without the respective driver having to intervene here.

A further variant of the method according to the invention is characterized in that a kind of traction control, depending on the resistance or traction requirement of the tool unit, automatically guides it in depth. With little traction, for example, the snow blade is guided deeper or loaded with more (self-) weight in the direction of the ground. If there is too much resistance or the need for traction, for example, the snow blade or the sweeping device is relieved or loaded in terms of weight. The same applies to a combination snow blade and bunker. In addition, wear on the Räumschine or the broom by a similar regulation (speed, resistance, etc.) are automatically compensated. This regulation or control can be done hydraulically or pneumatically and compensate for unevenness of the ground.

In addition, a vehicle or a power unit may be occupied by two drivers, with a passenger, for example, sitting on the left of the driver and in addition to the driver with a kind (driving) clutch can prevent unsafe driving on traffic areas for aircraft, thereby providing security against Collisions can be increased. In addition, the security against collisions can be increased by ensuring the best all-round views of the respective driver's booths, e.g. by a central and / or elevated seating position, by large disc surfaces in each direction, by windscreen wipers on each pane, or four windscreen wipers for all four sides of a driver's cab.

A particular advantage of the subject of the application is that a large amount of contamination can be divided into many smaller quantities and, above all, can be eliminated in short partial or complete clearances. That is, the application objects make it possible that many small quantities can be removed more immediately and always high braking coefficients are possible despite heavy rainfall.

With conventional clearing methods, clearing a 4000 meter long and 60 meter wide runway takes about 25 minutes, and this short time already represents an international peak that can only be achieved under very favorable conditions. In order to define a differentiated classification between the prior art and the subject of the application, in the following the required number of vehicles, which is required for an international top clearance speed or duration, for example, is kept constant for the method according to the invention. With this constant Number of vehicles will be 25 min. according to the old method, the new method and the application objects, a total clearing time of less than 5 minutes. In addition, the driving speed of the clearing units according to the new method can be significantly lower than the driving speed according to the conventional longitudinal clearing method.

In summary, with the state of the art, for example with 20 vehicles, a 4000m x 60m runway can not be cleared and treated in less than 5 minutes. In addition, in the state of the art in terms of process technology (see highway clearance), a relatively high speed is necessary in order to get anywhere near said international peak values. (e.g., 30-40 and more Km / h).

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. The figures 1 to xx show the variants and in particular the operation of the Räumfahrzeugs invention and the corresponding method.

FIGS. 1 to 38 show features of the method according to the invention.

FIGS. 39-44 show variants of the equipment of the clearing vehicle.

FIGS. 45-50 show further features of the method according to the invention.

FIGS. 51-58 show further variants of the equipment of the clearing vehicle.

Figures 1 and 2 each represent a time chart, with the brake coefficient (in the vertical) being plotted over time (in the horizontal). The higher the braking coefficient, the better the possible and important deceleration possibilities, in particular for the aircraft. As can be seen with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, the clearance time of approx. 25 min. the flight operation carried out as long as possible and only at extremely low braking coefficients (see point 5 in Fig. 1) an evacuation (black areas in Fig. 1) to be initiated. Currently, the brake coefficient is reduced at the start of rain, as indicated at point 1 in Fig. 1. Furthermore, the braking coefficient of a wet runway is reduced in case of contamination such as snow, slush, ice, etc. (see point 2 in Fig. 1). Then grab extensive tables, which contamination level, runway length, type of aircraft and aircraft weight, etc. to help a more legal compromise. At point 4 and 5 (Figure 1) tools such as saab friction testers and pilot reports are included objective or subjective verbal statements. If the brake coefficient is no longer acceptable (point 5 in Fig. 1), evacuation is performed. Although the most critical surface unit of a runway, like the other surface units, is evacuated, it can often improve the braking coefficient only to a certain degree (point e, Fig. 1) due to the high clearing speeds, total accumulated accumulated over hours and stuck contamination. to reach. In addition, during continuous snowfall the Bremskoefiizient falls within the clearance time back to point 7 Fig. 1, which could be comparable in braking effect with point 4 Fig. 1. Between the time of point 7 and point 8 of Fig. 1, only a few aircraft can take off or land, as at point 8 a further evacuation as in point 5 is required. If there is so much snow, etc., that within the international top clearing period, the area treated at the beginning of the roaming is already unusable again (see point 9, Fig. 1), it would immediately have to be cleared again, or the eviction immediately followed by another evacuation, etc. This keeps the runway and adjacent runways closed until the weather improves. In calendar week 6 in 2008, for example, around 1,000 flights in Chicago were canceled in one day because the conditions described were permanently reached.

The graph of FIG. 2 shows that even at point 3, ie when the web still has brake coefficients of defined wet webs or runways slightly contaminated with slush, etc., it is completely cleaned once, and this in the shortest time, which leads to much less brake coefficient loss due to rainfall must be taken into account during the clearing period. Since even the most extreme precipitation can not be achieved, e.g. Within 5 minutes by precipitation a runway becomes unusable, with the registration objects more independent flight operation can be guaranteed.

Further advantages and features of the method according to the invention are that compared with the prior art, where the aircraft depend on the weather and the winter service (see Fig. 3), the flight operations in the position above the winter service and thus stands above the winter weather. Cf., however, Fig. 4: Any gaps in the arrival or departure sequence, are used according to the invention according to the windshield wiper principle, during ongoing flight operations, for eviction. In the case of known clearing methods, where in extreme weather the lower ranges must be satisfied with regard to the braking coefficient (see Fig. 1, between points 7 and 8), and corresponding measurements are mandatory and cause sudden interference with flight operations (cf. 5), with the method according to the invention a stable flight operation and safe Runways with permanent high braking coefficients are made available at any time (see Fig. 2), wherein moreover a full-surface measurement in real-time transmission can be realized as proof automatically and in parallel to the clearing process; see. Fig. 5 with the old method and Fig. 6 with a new method.

In the previously known methods, the broaching speed can only be reduced to a limited extent by stuck longitudinal tracks, since this is severely reflected in the clearing time over thousands of meters (see Fig. 7), longitudinal paths trapped with the subject of the application can be completely eliminated with a short reduction of the broaching speed and this without much loss of time, since the entire working width simultaneously processed a deadlock; see. Fig. 8.

In the prior art, transverse grooves can not be fully cleaned by longitudinal travel (see Fig. 9), whereas with a subject of application, these transverse grooves (Groofing's purpose for safety) can be completely cleaned (see Fig. 10).

While in the known prior art paved paths (substrates) are indispensable (see Fig. 11), is possible with the registration subject anytime possible immediate, feasible in a few seconds driving and evacuation of the runway, which is made possible by the off-road capability of the vehicles ; see. FIG. 12.

While in the prior art the clearing direction depends on the direction of the landing and thus on the wind direction (see Fig. 13), the log-on object allows a wind-independent clearing (see Fig. 14). During an evacuation, the wind and the runway direction can rotate without any disadvantages.

In the prior art, it is not or very difficult to keep an eye on air traffic (see Fig. 15), whereas with the subject of the application, with omnidirectional views, this is easily possible and provides additional security. (See Fig. 16).

In the prior art, a complete runway is cleared in the longitudinal direction, cf. FIG.

19. In an application subject is in extreme cases cleared transversely, so considered the narrow side of a long drawn train, see. Fig. 20.

In the prior art, a runway to be cleared is seen substantially as a whole, which with several identical vehicles in length substantially in the Whole is vacated. In the logon item, the runway is split into segments rather than stripes and assigned to each segment / runway section, a vehicle.

In the prior art with e.g. obliquely set broaching tools, the contamination does not move parallel to the direction of travel or pulling direction of the entire clearing vehicle. The contamination movement should form in the prior art even the largest possible angle with the direction of travel, with accompanying losses, cf. Fig. 21. A parallel snow movement would also be difficult to do, considering that the snow would then be postponed for several kilometers. In the case of a registration object, the complete tractive force of the vehicle is transferred directly into the target snow movement, without losses. Tensile force direction = Entkontaminierungsrichtung; see. Fig. 22.

In the prior art, contamination is moved to the long sides of the runway over a longer vector, which costs power, energy and time (see Fig. 23). In the case of a log-on item, ideally the contamination is moved by the shortest route to the same edges of the runway. At a 60 meter wide runway, e.g. 60m to the left or 60m to the right, or 30m to the left or 30m to the right (see Fig. 24).

In the prior art, the vehicles must drive one behind the other. In the case of a registration object, these travel side by side, individually and without hindrance, i. without accordion effects, as you can see in highway congestion. Due to the relatively small working widths of the prior art (see also results of a test) several consecutive units are required in the prior art, which is the

The total path of contamination is divided into individual path sections. For the contamination applies: Stop and Go as in a traffic jam (see Fig. 25). In a logon subject, contamination is ideally moved in one operation directly to the desired edge (see Figures 26 and / or 24).

In the prior art, the contamination undergoes a multiple increase and

Speed reduction; see. Figures 27 and 29. In a registration subject, contamination is only initiated once and deposited once (see Figures 28 and 30).

In the prior art, a lot of time is lost on the runway when driving up (landing) (see Fig. 31). In a log-on object, the threading in and out at the runway ends is irrelevant (compare Fig. 32). The prior art loses a great deal of working width by an inclination of the tools. In addition, the effective working width is reduced by necessary overlaps. In addition, relatively many overlaps are necessary due to the relatively small working widths (see Fig. 33, only the working widths are shown). In addition, a driving error of a preceding vehicle driver (without CM-accurate steering system), in the subsequent

Vehicles with ever greater steering rashes, so that the last vehicle can not carry the contamination to the edge. In a registration subject with, for example, 25 m working width instead of 6 m, these effects fall far less significant, or driving errors can be easily compensated or avoided by cm-accurate steering systems (see Fig.34).

In the prior art, one side of the tool is lightly loaded by the inclination of the tools and one side by the unilateral clearing action strong. The heavily loaded side of the tool is thus the limiting factor (see Fig. 35). In the case of a registration object, the tool is ideally loaded equally over the entire working width. The tool can be optimized and operated optimally (even at optimum driving speed) (see Fig. 36).

In the prior art doubling the winter maintenance equipment does not lead to a halving of the clearing time since e.g. there are not automatically twice as many mounted roll-up and roll-off paths on just-needed runway sections, and the in-and-out roll-off width remains at runway width (see Figures 37 and 31). In a registration subject, a doubling of the vehicle number leads to approximately halving the clearance time, since each vehicle then only has to process a segment that is half as large (compare FIG.

In the prior art, the tank behavior of the pilots, during winter months, just by the accompanying experience with the prior art, the long Räumpausen, the long clearance times, the sudden clearing events is a very conservative. That is, for safety's sake much more fuel than would be necessary for the normal flight. Often also freight and passengers are left behind or unloaded. This fuel is transported over thousands of miles around the world and a large part of it is burned for transport in the air. The registration objects make winter operation as stable as in summer. You do not have to be afraid of the onset of winter, especially not of sudden runway closures (long clearance). The tank behavior of the pilots must be compared to the tank behavior in summer months no longer distinguish. The environment is relieved worldwide with the registration objects with countless millions of tons of CO ₂ .

In the prior art, the traffic flow is thinned already at 3 to 5 hours before the vaguely assumed time of snowfall at the airport at predicted winter breaks. This is completely futile if the weather does not adhere to the assumptions of the meteorologists and is premature or delayed. The subject of the application avoids flight weather planning and traffic control in winter weather.

The prior art solves the problem of contaminated runway only unsatisfactory. Several organizations are therefore concerned with the contaminated runways, the low brake coefficient, with the physical relationships regarding runway condition, precipitation, temperature, measurement of brake coefficients, transmission and forwarding of these measurements, decision aids, tables, but also with resulting security losses, accidents such as overruns, Runwayexcursions, flight cancellations, delays, staff scheduling, and much more. In other words, the effect of (the weather and conditions of the Räumtechnik) is being researched and worked. The subject of the application, on the other hand, focuses more on the cause and not on the effect. The subject matter of the application prevents a preventive reduction of low braking coefficients, the loss of safety due to winter weather and the benefit of slippery runway accidents.

The prior art has been developed into very expensive units. The running meter of the Räumarbeitsbreite costs, u.a. due to the small quantities a very high amount of money. The registration objects are based on cheap mass truths. The mechanics, as the cheapest Entkontaminierungsmöglichkeit, (compared to chemical and thermal processes), is significantly increased by increasing the existing clearances and on top of that by cheaper Massenwahre considerably cheaper.

The structural solutions of the state of the art mean that the expensive equipment is often only in winter operation, (waiting for the runway lock), and does not clear. By contrast, the application-related equipment is used much more frequently (during flight operations and winter weather). The cost-benefit factor is even more advantageous. Multiple functions ensure further utilization and cost savings.

Due to the relatively strong structural connection of tools and engine of the prior art, a different application is poorly possible. Of the The subject of the application, on the other hand, defines a slight arrival and decoupling capability of a wide variety of tools to the motor unit or to the train or guide machine, within minutes.

The state of the art for runway deicing is preceded by e.g. the runway used primarily tanks or containers filled with deicing fluid and the

De-icing agent distributed on the track or subsoil. According to a subject of the application, the use of at least one non-full tank is primarily begun on tracks to collect liquid and moisture from the tracks to fill the tanks. In the prior art, the snow-deicing mixture of the webs in special sewage treatment plants. The registered article may contain the collected liquid and moisture from the

Also be derived elsewhere, and protect a fraction of de-icing fluid against black ice.

The state of the art does not use existing existing techniques, machines, equipment and components in agriculture. The present application also relates to the novel combination of e.g. wide Stoppelbarbeitungsgeräten whose tools are replaced by an intelligent arrangement according to the invention of decontamination tools and components of the winter service.

The state of the art for decontamination device for runways has structurally no four-wheel steering of the tractor, often no four-wheel drive, no low-pressure tires and appropriate tire size and tire profiles for off-road (off paved surfaces) on. In addition, the prior art has no unrestricted all-round visibility, in this regard, no (actually for snowfall etc.important) windscreen wipers for each driver's side or each (if any) side window of the cab or driver's cab. Other subjects of application: All-wheel steering of the tractor, steering axles of the attachment, four-wheel drive of the tractor, driven axles of the attachment, appropriate tires for off-road mobility (wheel diameter, tire width and tire tread, tire pressure, etc.), windscreen wipers for each side (disc) of the driver's cab, contribute significantly mentioned objectives.

The prior art usually combines snow plow and sweeper in a vehicle (see Fig.41) which means that both tools (snow plow and sweeper) are used at the same speed. This means that often neither of the two tools (plow and sweeper) operated in the respective ideal speed range can be. The plow technique usually requires a higher clearing speed than the broom allows for a proper sweeping quality. The subject matter of the application: Snow shovel (instead of snow plow), sweeping roller length constructively and spatially dependent on Kehrwalzendurchmesser (as already form several side by side a total working width of a vehicle), and Kehrwalzendrehzahl allow the snow shovel (see Fig. 40) in its function of any speed is, and the driving speed is no compromise (as in the prior art), but can be selected for example for the broom and its respective dimension and speed.

This, by far incomplete enumeration of the tasks and inventions steps usually lead to a huge energy saving or reducing the power requirement to clear the web and lead in a combination to the same number of vehicles, the clearance time of, for example. 25 minutes for a 4000m x 60m runway (Figure 17) is reduced to 5 minutes. If one compares the investment sum, roughly the same amount of investment for snow removal equipment can even be used to halve the clearance time for old equipment and devices of the registration subject; see. Fig. 18.

For this purpose, it required several, for example, in the above points listed inventive steps and their inventive combinations, which are not found in the prior art in detail or in different combinations.

FIG. 42a illustrates a first possibility of a clearing vehicle according to the invention, in which the rotating broom throws the snow directly in front of the clearing rail. FIG. 42b illustrates an alternative variant in which the snow is thrown directly onto a transverse conveying device, for example a conveyor belt or the like, and transported away to the side.

Multiple applications:

At airports, different tasks for motorized vehicles arise. A structural registration object (fast coupling and decoupling of a snow removal unit with tool and tractor or engine unit) makes it possible, in addition to the advantages described (eg by the division of the runway into segments, etc.) that with a tractor or engine unit of the airport or runway-specific winter service, with multiple cultivation spaces, several crosspoints, with multiple directions (forward, backward, sideways, crab Aliradlenkung), this procedural (as registration subject), technical application (as a registration object) to knock back or hauling aircraft, recovering from accidents, extinguishing fires, irrigating, loading and / or unloading or loading and / or deflating aircraft, transporting staff, passengers, and other people at airports, providing Ground power, compressed air, air conditioning and the like for airplanes, Grtinland care (mowing, mulching, etc.), aquaplaning prevention (ie 305 removal of stagnant water), repelling of animals, monitoring and inspection of

Traffic areas, transporting and loading freight and cargo containers, luggage, applying a foam carpet to e.g. a runway to be prepared for an emergency landing, rapid increase of the runway visual range (possibly for aircraft in Lufinotlage), and much more. can be used

Furthermore, the structural registration objects allow that described by the

Use, described components, (see also claims), not only economically extremely favorable inventive reorganization of described equipment on Landebaimsysteme is possible, and. Kehrblasgeräte (for runways) on aprons etc. are used. Then namely the Kehrblasgeräte could finally be operated (at least in winter weather) longer in use and would not have to wait at the runway.

Furthermore, the registration objects allow the tools for the airport can be decoupled quickly from the tractor and depending on their own needs or external needs, depending on weather conditions, depending on the number of staff, etc. outside the airport area work in salary can be performed, or the tractors can be lent, leased or self-leased for short periods. The motor unit as a separate unit, which only with the inventive coupling, (the inventive decoupling of the engine and a unit tool comparable to a Kehrblasgerät, this step, of course, preceded) with the invention described also inventive attachment, (in turn adapter with commercially available tools or attachments can be provided), forms a unit which is able to replace more than EUR 1 million expensive sweeping equipment, compared to stationary sweeping and other stationary engine units of Winterdienstfiihrpark, unlimited possibilities, ie working in communities (mowing eg slopes, milling of parquets, trench cleaning and much more ), Forestry operations (wood chipping, transport, mulching, etc.), agriculture (Construction work, recovery of biomass, field work, etc.), construction companies, rescue and salvage services, machine rings or the like. Perform. With the decoupled motor units, an airport can not only replace or reduce its own cost pillars within the airport, but generate a variety of revenue sources. The cost-intensive winter service of an airport can be profitable with the registration objects to the sector. These profits enable said engine units to be increased in number and accompanied in winter in winter weather even greater clout in the Runwayräumung is available. Profit (through multiple applications) can increase the safety in winter weather even more than proportionally compared to the state of the art in the application objects and not only goes hand in hand. In other words, a winter service costing eg € 10 million / year and still not making the airport completely secure can economically cost € 0.- with the subjects of registration, as money can be earned in summer with the engine units. In addition, with the same investment, the airport is much safer and more predictable. In addition, due to the

Multiple applications and the need e.g. Due to recent laws (for example Renewable Energy Law), the number of vehicles purchased in economic terms beyond the actual required number of winter clearing equipment or used cost for Wintrdienst.

Biogas power and pellet heating can serve as additional conveyors for flight safety during winter break-ins.

Claims

Patentans

1. A clearing vehicle for cleaning elongated paved roads such as. For airplanes and runways for aircraft, with at least one mounted in front of or behind the vehicle in the direction of travel and adjustable in height rotating

Brush element whose axis of rotation is arranged substantially horizontally and transversely to the vehicle longitudinal and direction and whose brushes sweep the road in the direction of travel of the clearing vehicle, and at least one of the rotating brush element in the direction of travel of the clearing vehicle upstream cross conveyor for the permanent removal of the brush element of the

Roadway recorded and / or raised Räumgut in a direction laterally from the clearing vehicle, characterized in that a plurality of co-rotating and / or separately driven brush elements are arranged side by side.

2. clearing vehicle according to claim 1, the brush elements cleaning elements between each adjacent brush elements, in particular in the form of rotating Radialbesen and / or deflectors.

3. clearing vehicle according to claim 2, wherein each adjacent brush elements offset from one another and are arranged with miminmalem axial distance from each other.

4. clearing vehicle according to claim 2, wherein the brush elements are each associated with spraying, which have directed to the ground nozzles.

5. A clearing vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the support surface of the transverse conveyor element is formed by a conveying strand of at least one revolving endless conveyor belt, which promotes the picked up by the rotating brush element and thrown onto the cross conveyor Räumgut permanently aside.

6. A clearing vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the transverse conveyor element comprises two oppositely running Endlösförderbänder, which adjoin one another approximately centrally in the region of the vehicle longitudinal direction.

7. clearing vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein before the rotating

Brush elements one or more transversely to the vehicle longitudinal direction located (s) or slightly obliquely to this employed salar (s) or at least partially movable (s) plow blade (s) is arranged / are.

8. clearance vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 7, the additional pressure or

Suction fan for receiving and / or for releasing the Räumguts from the roadway has.

9. A clearing vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising at least two steerable axles.

10. A clearing vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 9, comprising a semi-automatic or fully automatic steering system, the controller receives external signals and / or communicates with an external control center.

11. A clearing vehicle according to claim 10, which receives current location data of a geosatellite system via a radio receiver and processes it for automated control of the vehicle.

12. A clearing vehicle according to one of claims 1 to 11, the driver's cab has at least two sides windows with these associated cleaning devices, in particular windscreen wipers.

13. A method for cleaning and / or clearing an elongated, in particular rectilinear fastened web, in particular a runway and / or start and / or

Runway of an airfield, where this is possibly divided into segments for several clearing units in the longitudinal direction, and on a fixed or unpaved surface approach cleaning or clearing vehicle (s) from the flanks to the web, the web for cleaning or eviction with tools used by Cross edge to edge (ie, from flank side to opposite flank side, etc.) in an angle deviating from the web direction or crossing the same time, thereby cleaning or treating the web, preferably turning immediately to immediately traverse the web again, preferably similar but on one side preferably traversing the working width, crossing the travel path, cleaning again to turn back until either the assigned track segment has been completely cleaned or treated and / or until a corresponding time has elapsed, and / or until, for example by trunking, electronic signal or other (eg light and sound) signs by a head of operations driving on the train is aborted (eg also for evacuation), and the clearing vehicles, whether on a fixed or unpaved surface, remove from the track again.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein the web in the longitudinal direction, if necessary for several

Clearing units is divided into Segemente, and whether on a fixed or unpaved surface, cleaning or clearing vehicle (s) from the flanks to approach the web, the track for cleaning or evacuation with inserted tools and activated cross conveyor along one of the possible routes along moves and the cross conveyor carries the collected contamination to the respective flanks and / or appropriate containers or bunkers absorb the contamination.

15. The method of claim 13 or 14, wherein a cross conveyor is present on the attachment, but on the runway is turned off, and the contamination in a container (bunker, trough, gutter, etc.) is stored and this container after leaving the track eg by switching on the cross conveyor and / or a

Verladefräse and / or a pump and / or a push-off device and / or a tilting mechanism is emptied.

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, wherein the clearing vehicles as long run over the web and thereby clear and / or clean and turn after each crossing of the web until a demolition and evacuation signal is received by a control center, the clearing vehicles to get off the train and remove it.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, wherein the clearing vehicles are controlled by outside influence from the outside and / or prevented from driving on the web.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17, wherein a kind of traction control depending on the resistance or traction requirement of the tool unit, this automatically leads in depth, so that with little traction the snow blade guided deeper or with more (self-) weight in Underground is applied, and that in case of high resistance or traction requirement, the snow blade or the sweeping device is relieved by weight.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein the load of a combination snow blade and bunker is varied with the traction requirement of the tool unit.

20. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, wherein a vehicle or a power tool is occupied by two drivers and a passenger, for example, sitting left of the driver and in addition to the driver with a kind (driving) clutch unsafe

Driving on traffic areas corridor aircraft can prevent, so that the security against collisions is increased.

A method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, wherein the driver (s) have a central and / or elevated seating position, the visibility being ensured by large disc areas in each direction, and the visibility being provided by windshield wipers on each

Windscreen or four windscreen wipers for all four sides of a driver's station is guaranteed.