EP2302099A1 - Photocatalytic coatings made of titanium dioxide - Google Patents
Photocatalytic coatings made of titanium dioxide Download PDFInfo
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- EP2302099A1 EP2302099A1 EP10178166A EP10178166A EP2302099A1 EP 2302099 A1 EP2302099 A1 EP 2302099A1 EP 10178166 A EP10178166 A EP 10178166A EP 10178166 A EP10178166 A EP 10178166A EP 2302099 A1 EP2302099 A1 EP 2302099A1
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- metal
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- titanium dioxide
- cold gas
- gas spraying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
- C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
- C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the coating of metal surfaces, in particular of sanitary and kitchen items, medical devices which consist of metal or have metallic surfaces, as well as the articles produced by this method.
- Nosocomial infections are also a problem in hospitals.
- the infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens, against which most antibiotics are no longer effective, presents hospitals with a new challenge.
- the DE 10 2004 038 795 describes the production of photocatalytically active surfaces on plastics by cold gas spraying.
- particles from the photocatalytically active oxidic material are accelerated by a carrier gas, penetrate completely or partially upon impact with the polymer surface and, due to their high kinetic energy, form a mechanically adhering composite polymer / oxide.
- This application relates only to polymer layers. It should be remembered that the catalytic action of titanium dioxide can also lead to the decomposition of the plastic.
- the DE 10 2005 053 263 describes the production of photocatalytically active surfaces on metals by cold gas spraying.
- a mixture of titanium dioxide ceramic and metallic powder is sprayed onto the metallic surface.
- the injection of hard ceramic with a metal mixture has the advantage that there are always components that can deform when hitting. The metal parts deform on impact and thus allow the construction of thicker layers.
- this document describes only the decomposition of organic substances by photocatalytically active titanium dioxide, but not the killing of bacteria or viruses.
- the object is achieved by a method for coating sanitary, kitchen and / or medical articles, handholds, light switches, door handles, food bands, Beverage bottling plants, food processing equipment, controls and keyboards and bed frames and lamps, which are made of metal or glass or have metallic surfaces , characterized in that photocatalytically active titanium dioxide is applied to the surface by means of cold gas spraying technique, with glasses above the glass transition temperature.
- the titanium dioxide is preferably used in the form of anatase.
- Medical implants are also of particular interest as medical-technical objects, since they must be germ-free until they are incorporated.
- metals and metal alloys are suitable as a substrate from which sanitary items such as sinks, toilet bowls and toilet seats and / or fittings, kitchen items such as countertops, hoods, sinks and / or fittings and medical devices such as operating tables or hospital beds are made.
- the spray material preferably has a particle size of at least 2 ⁇ m, preferably between 2 ⁇ m and 200 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m.
- the particle size is preferably determined as a cross section by fully automatic image analysis of a statistically significant amount of particles (preferably more than 100,000 particles), the images with a high-resolution camera, eg with a Malvern Morphologi ® G3 particle analyzer.
- the coating is preferably carried out without metallic components.
- a metallic component may be present in minor amounts of at most 1% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. It has been found that the surface according to the invention is reduced by metal parts due to different processes. As a result, of course, the catalytic activity of the coating material decreases.
- the size of the particles can be in the range from 2 to 200 .mu.m both in the case of the metallic component and in the case of the ceramic component, and preferably in the range of 10 to 50 .mu.m in the case of the metallic component, if present.
- the particle size is often specified by the manufacturer, but can also be determined by means of a Tecnar Cold Spray Meter, such as the Tecnar DPV 2000 system during spraying.
- the invention is preferably carried out at a gas pressure of 5 bar to 100 bar, more preferably 20 to 50 bar.
- the gas pressure is 30 to 40 bar when using nitrogen or argon as the cold gas. If helium is used as the cold gas, the gas pressure can be chosen to be lower, particularly preferably between 10 and 20 bar.
- the gas temperature is preferably 100 ° C to 1500 ° C, more preferably 300 ° C to 1200 ° C and especially 600 ° C to 1000 ° C and most preferably 800 ° C to 1000 ° C.
- the method is carried out with certain settings with regard to the nozzle geometry for the cold gas spraying.
- Laval nozzles are used with a converging and an expanding section.
- the nozzles preferably have a narrowest cross section of 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 8 mm (in diameter) or an equivalent area, if nozzles with a non-round cross section are selected.
- the expansion ratio of the nozzle is 1 to 20, more preferably 5 to 15.
- the particle velocity is preferably between 300 m / s and 1700 m / s, more preferably between 500 m / s and 1200 m / s and most preferably between 700 m / s and 1100 m / s.
- the pacifier speed can be determined by the light barrier principle (e.g., using a Tecnar Cold Spray Meter, such as the Tecnar DPV 2000 system). It is particularly advantageous if some particles reach this particle velocity. Particularly advantageously, the particle velocity refers to the mean particle velocity.
- the catalytic effect of the metallic surface is already present when the surface is coated with a monolayer of titanium dioxide particles. This even if the monolayer is not nationwide.
- Surface coverage ranges from 2%, with 2 to 100% exhibiting a photocatalytic effect, wherein preferably a surface coverage of between 30 and 80% is set.
- the area occupation can be determined by means of scanning electron microscopy of a representative section of the coated area. Thicker layers can be applied in addition to monolayers using the methods according to the invention.
- a cold gas-sprayed sample of an aluminum substrate exhibited significantly increased nitric oxide degradation activity than a conventional sol-gel coated sample.
- the coated surfaces according to the invention are aftertreated by polishing and / or grinding.
- Very particular preference is given to a subsequent heat treatment, more preferably at temperatures between 50 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably 100 ° C to 650 ° C and most preferably from 200 ° C to 400 ° C instead.
- Particularly advantageous is also a subsequent application of an additional coating, for example by spray coating, dip coating or sol-gel process.
- a further coating of titanium dioxide is preferably applied.
- metal coatings, other metal oxide coatings or compounds of metals with sulfur, nitrogen and / or carbon Preferred metals are copper, zinc, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt and / or iron.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Metalloberflächen, insbesondere von Sanitär- und Küchengegenständen, medizinischen Geräten die aus Metall bestehen oder metallische Oberflächen aufweisen, sowie die mit diesem Verfahren herstellbaren Gegenstände.The invention relates to a method for the coating of metal surfaces, in particular of sanitary and kitchen items, medical devices which consist of metal or have metallic surfaces, as well as the articles produced by this method.
Die bakterielle Verseuchung und die Geruchsbelästigung öffentlicher Toiletten und Waschbecken ist immer noch ein Problem. Tests der Automobilklubs bestätigen immer wieder, dass ein Großteil der öffentlichen Toiletten in Raststätten Keime und Bakterien aufweist, die für den Menschen gesundheitsgefährdende Auswirkungen haben können. So wurden diverse Mikroorganismen insbesondere auf Türgriffen, Toilettensitzen und Waschbecken gefunden.The bacterial contamination and odor nuisance of public toilets and sinks is still a problem. Tests by automobile clubs confirm again and again that a large proportion of restroom public toilets have germs and bacteria that can be harmful to human health. Thus, various microorganisms were found in particular on door handles, toilet seats and sink.
Die Liste der gefundenen Keime ist regelmäßig lang und Besorgnis erregend. Jährlich wiederkehrende Besucher in den Ranglisten der Tester sind unter anderem Fäkalkeime, die durch unzureichende Reinigung auftreten können. Auch Erreger verschiedener Darm- und Wurmkrankheiten, aber auch Pilze werden immer wieder entdeckt. In sehr seltenen Fällen kann es auch zu Infektionen mit Hepatitis A, Chlamydien oder Geschlechtserkrankungen kommen.The list of germs found is regularly long and worrying. Annual visitors to the rankings of the testers include fecal germs, which can occur due to inadequate cleaning. Also pathogens of various intestinal and worm diseases, but also fungi are repeatedly discovered. In very rare cases it can also lead to infections with hepatitis A, chlamydia or sexually transmitted diseases.
Bisherige Methoden zur Desinfizierung können nur unter großem Personal- und Zeitaufwand durchgeführt werden und funktionieren trotz alledem nur unzureichend. Oft sollen Reinigungsprotokolle an den Wänden öffentlicher Bedürfnisanstalten ein Sicherheitsgefühl vermitteln, dieses kann aber oft über den eigentlichen Grad der Sauberkeit hinweg täuschen. Denn in vielen Fällen herrscht eine große Unsicherheit der verantwortlichen Putzkräfte. Wenn beispielsweise verschiedene Flächen mit einem Lappen gereinigt werden, werden die Keime nur weiter getragen, anstatt entfernt. Auch in den Sanitäranlagen von Schwimmbädern, Fitneßstudios oder Saunen sind Bakterien aller Art gerade vermehrt zu finden, da das feuchte Milieu hier für ihre Verbreitung sorgt.Previous methods of disinfection can be carried out only with great effort and time and work in spite of all only inadequate. Often, cleaning protocols on the walls of public institutions are intended to provide a sense of security, but this can often deceive beyond the actual level of cleanliness. Because in many cases there is a great uncertainty of the responsible Cleaners. For example, when cleaning various surfaces with a rag, the germs are only carried on rather than removed. Also in the sanitary facilities of swimming pools, fitness studios or saunas bacteria of all kinds are just increasingly found, as the moist environment here ensures their dissemination.
Bei öffentlichen Sanitäranlagen kommt oft hinzu, dass sie aus Kostengründen Metalloberflächen aufweisen, die besonders schwer zu reinigen sind. Kalkablagerungen, an deren Grenzflächen sich Bakteriennester ansiedeln können, sind schwerer zu entfernen, als bei Keramikoberflächen. Bisher werden unbeschichtete Metalloberflächen verwendet, da herkömmliche Sol-Gel-Beschichtungen nicht abriebfest sind und den organischen Binder über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg zersetzen.In public sanitary facilities is often added that they have cost reasons metal surfaces that are particularly difficult to clean. Calcium deposits, at the interfaces of which bacterial nests can settle, are more difficult to remove than with ceramic surfaces. Uncoated metal surfaces have heretofore been used because conventional sol-gel coatings are not abrasion-resistant and degrade the organic binder over an extended period of time.
Auch Küchengegenstände wie Arbeitsplatten, Regale oder Dunstabzugshauben in gewerblichen Küchen, insbesondere Großküchen, sowie medizinische Gegenstände wie Operationstische oder Krankenhausbetten weisen aus Gründen der besseren Desinfizerbarkeit gegenüber Bakterienbefall eine Metalloberfläche auf. Dementsprechend sind für diese Küchengegenstände und medizinischen Geräte üblicherweise regelmäßige Reinigungs- und Hygienemaßnahmen vorgeschrieben. Das Ziel der vorgegebenen Desinfektionsverfahren ist eine Reduzierung der Keime z.B. um einen bestimmten Faktor der lebenden Mikroorganismen. Die Erfahrung hat aber gezeigt, dass Reinigungs- und Hygienemaßnahmen nicht immer zuverlässig umgesetzt werden. Bei nicht sachgerechter Desinfizierung kommt es daher zu einer Kontamination, wobei sich Bakterien, Pilze und Viren unter den dort herrschenden Bedingungen schnell ausbreiten können. Außerdem entsteht eine Lücke der Keimfreiheit zwischen den Desinfektionszyklen, da die chemische Desinfektion nur für kurze Zeit wirkt.Also kitchen items such as countertops, shelves or hoods in commercial kitchens, especially commercial kitchens, as well as medical items such as operating tables or hospital beds have a metal surface for reasons of better disinfectability against bacterial attack. Accordingly, regular cleaning and hygiene measures are usually prescribed for these kitchen items and medical devices. The goal of the given disinfection process is a reduction of the germs eg by a certain factor of the living microorganisms. However, experience has shown that cleaning and hygiene measures are not always reliably implemented. In the case of improper disinfection, therefore, a contamination occurs, whereby bacteria, fungi and viruses can spread rapidly under the prevailing conditions there. In addition, a gap in sterility between the disinfection cycles, since the chemical disinfection is effective only for a short time.
Auch in Krankenhäusern sind nosokomiale Infektionen ein Problem. Vor allem die Infektionen mit multiresistenten Erregern, gegen die die meisten Antibiotika nicht mehr wirksam sind, stellen die Krankenhäuser vor eine neue Herausforderung.Nosocomial infections are also a problem in hospitals. In particular, the infection with multidrug-resistant pathogens, against which most antibiotics are no longer effective, presents hospitals with a new challenge.
Die
Die
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Sanitär-, Küchen- und/oder medizintechnischen Gegenständen, Haltegriffen, Lichtschaltern, Türgriffen, Handläufen, Tastern, Lebensmittelbändern, Getränkeabfüllanlagen, Bedienelementen und Tastaturen sowie Bettgestellen und Lampen, die aus Metall oder Glas bestehen oder metallische Oberflächen aufweisen, zur Verfügung zu stellen, wobei der Befall durch Bakterien vermindert wird und die oben beschriebenen Nachteile nicht auftreten.It is therefore an object of the present invention, a method for coating sanitary, kitchen and / or medical-technical objects, handles, light switches, door handles, handrails, buttons, food bands, beverage bottling plants, controls and keyboards and bedsteads and lamps made of metal or glass exist or have metallic surfaces to provide, the infestation is reduced by bacteria and the disadvantages described above do not occur.
Die Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren zur Beschichtung von Sanitär-, Küchen- und/oder medizintechnischen Gegenständen, Haltegriffen, Lichtschaltern, Türgriffen, Lebensmittelbändern, Getränkeabfüllanlagen, Lebensmittelfertigungsanlagen, Bedienelementen und Tastaturen sowie Bettgestellen und Lampen, die aus Metall oder Glas bestehen oder metallische Oberflächen aufweisen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass photokatalytisch aktives Titandioxid auf die Oberfläche mittels Kaltgasspritztechnik, bei Gläsern oberhalb der Glastemperatur, aufgebracht wird. Das Titandioxid wird vorzugsweise in Form von Anatas verwendet. Als medizintechnische Gegenstände sind auch insbesondere medizinische Implantate interessant, da sie bis zu deren Einbau keimfrei sein müssen.The object is achieved by a method for coating sanitary, kitchen and / or medical articles, handholds, light switches, door handles, food bands, Beverage bottling plants, food processing equipment, controls and keyboards and bed frames and lamps, which are made of metal or glass or have metallic surfaces , characterized in that photocatalytically active titanium dioxide is applied to the surface by means of cold gas spraying technique, with glasses above the glass transition temperature. The titanium dioxide is preferably used in the form of anatase. Medical implants are also of particular interest as medical-technical objects, since they must be germ-free until they are incorporated.
Bei der vorliegenden Erfindung kommen praktisch alle Metalle und Metalllegierungen als Substrat in Frage, aus denen Sanitärgegenstände wie Waschbecken, Toilettenbecken und Toilettensitze und/oder Armaturen, Küchengegenstände wie Arbeitsplatten, Dunstabzugshauben, Waschbecken und/oder Armaturen und medizinische Geräte wie Operationstische oder Krankenhausbetten hergestellt werden. Bevorzugt sind Substrate aus Aluminium, Kupfer, Stahl, z.B. Edelstahl, oder Titan. Auch Glasoberflächen können oberhalb der Glastemperatur beschichtet werden.In the present invention, virtually all metals and metal alloys are suitable as a substrate from which sanitary items such as sinks, toilet bowls and toilet seats and / or fittings, kitchen items such as countertops, hoods, sinks and / or fittings and medical devices such as operating tables or hospital beds are made. Preferred are substrates of aluminum, copper, steel, e.g. Stainless steel, or titanium. Glass surfaces can also be coated above the glass transition temperature.
Vorzugsweise weist der Spritzwerkstoff eine Teilchengröße von mindestens 2 µm auf, vorzugsweise zwischen 2 µm und 200 µm, vorzugsweise zwischen 5 µm und 50 µm. Die Teilchengröße wird vorzugsweise als Querschnitt durch vollautomatische Bildanalyse einer statistisch signifikanten Menge an Teilchen (vorzugsweise mehr als 100.000 Teilchen) bestimmt, wobei die Bilder mit einer hochauflösenden Kamera, z.B. mit einem Malvern Morphologi® G3-Teilchenanalysegerät aufgenommen wurden.The spray material preferably has a particle size of at least 2 μm, preferably between 2 μm and 200 μm, preferably between 5 μm and 50 μm. The particle size is preferably determined as a cross section by fully automatic image analysis of a statistically significant amount of particles (preferably more than 100,000 particles), the images with a high-resolution camera, eg with a Malvern Morphologi ® G3 particle analyzer.
Die Beschichtung erfolgt vorzugsweise ohne metallische Komponenten. Eine metallische Komponente kann jedoch in geringen Mengen von höchstens 1 Gew.-% auf Basis des Gesamtgewichts der Zusammensetzung vorhanden sein. Es wurde gefunden, dass die erfindungsgemäße Oberfläche durch Metallanteile auf Grund verschiedener Prozesse verkleinert wird. Dadurch sinkt selbstverständlich die katalytische Aktivität des Beschichtungsmaterials.The coating is preferably carried out without metallic components. However, a metallic component may be present in minor amounts of at most 1% by weight based on the total weight of the composition. It has been found that the surface according to the invention is reduced by metal parts due to different processes. As a result, of course, the catalytic activity of the coating material decreases.
Die Größe der Partikel kann sowohl bei der metallischen als auch bei der keramischen Komponente im Bereich von 2 bis 200 µm liegen, bei der metallischen Komponente, falls vorhanden, vorzugsweise im Bereich 10 bis 50 µm. Die Teilchengröße wird oft herstellerseitig angegeben, kann aber auch mittels eines Tecnar Cold Spray Meters, wie dem Tecnar DPV 2000 System während des Sprühens bestimmt werden.The size of the particles can be in the range from 2 to 200 .mu.m both in the case of the metallic component and in the case of the ceramic component, and preferably in the range of 10 to 50 .mu.m in the case of the metallic component, if present. The particle size is often specified by the manufacturer, but can also be determined by means of a Tecnar Cold Spray Meter, such as the Tecnar DPV 2000 system during spraying.
Beim Spritzen mit einem Hochdrucksystem arbeitet man erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise bei einem Gasdruck von 5 bar bis 100 bar, besonders bevorzugt 20 bis 50 bar. Besonders bevorzugt ist der Gasdruck 30 bis 40 bar bei der Verwendung von Stickstoff oder Argon als Kaltgas. Verwendet man Helium als Kaltgas, so kann der Gasdruck geringer gewählt werden, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 10 und 20 bar. Die Gastemperatur beträgt vorzugsweise 100°C bis 1500°C, besonders bevorzugt 300°C bis 1200°C und insbesondere 600°C bis 1000°C und ganz besonders bevorzugt bei 800°C bis 1000°C.When spraying with a high-pressure system, the invention is preferably carried out at a gas pressure of 5 bar to 100 bar, more preferably 20 to 50 bar. Particularly preferably, the gas pressure is 30 to 40 bar when using nitrogen or argon as the cold gas. If helium is used as the cold gas, the gas pressure can be chosen to be lower, particularly preferably between 10 and 20 bar. The gas temperature is preferably 100 ° C to 1500 ° C, more preferably 300 ° C to 1200 ° C and especially 600 ° C to 1000 ° C and most preferably 800 ° C to 1000 ° C.
Vorteilhaft wird das Verfahren mit bestimmten Einstellungen bezüglich der Düsengeometrie für das Kaltgasspritzen durchgeführt. Bevorzugt werden Laval-Düsen mit einem konvergierenden und einem expandierenden Teilabschnitt verwendet. Die Düsen haben vorzugsweise einen engsten Querschnitt von 1 bis 10 mm, besonders bevorzugt 2 bis 8 mm (im Durchmesser) oder einer äquivalenten Fläche, wenn Düsen mit einem nicht runden Querschnitt gewählt werden. Vorzugsweise beträgt das Expansionsverhältnis der Düse (bezogen auf die Fläche) 1 bis 20, besonders bevorzugt 5 bis 15.Advantageously, the method is carried out with certain settings with regard to the nozzle geometry for the cold gas spraying. Preferably, Laval nozzles are used with a converging and an expanding section. The nozzles preferably have a narrowest cross section of 1 to 10 mm, more preferably 2 to 8 mm (in diameter) or an equivalent area, if nozzles with a non-round cross section are selected. Preferably, the expansion ratio of the nozzle (based on the area) is 1 to 20, more preferably 5 to 15.
Die Teilchengeschwindigkeit beträgt vorzugsweise zwischen 300 m/s und 1700 m/s, besonders bevorzugt zwischen 500 m/s und 1200 m/s und am meisten bevorzugt zwischen 700 m/s und 1100 m/s. Die Teichengeschwindigkeit kann mit Hilfe des Lichtbarrieprinzips (z.B. unter Verwendung eines Tecnar Cold Spray Meters, wie dem Tecnar DPV 2000 System) bestimmt werden. Es ist besonders vorteilhaft, wenn einige Teilchen diese Teilchengeschwindigkeit erreichen. Besonders vorteilhaft bezieht sich die Teilchengeschwindigkeit auf die mittlere Teilchengeschwindigkeit.The particle velocity is preferably between 300 m / s and 1700 m / s, more preferably between 500 m / s and 1200 m / s and most preferably between 700 m / s and 1100 m / s. The pacifier speed can be determined by the light barrier principle (e.g., using a Tecnar Cold Spray Meter, such as the Tecnar DPV 2000 system). It is particularly advantageous if some particles reach this particle velocity. Particularly advantageously, the particle velocity refers to the mean particle velocity.
Die katalytische Wirkung der metallischen Oberfläche ist schon dann gegeben, wenn die Oberfläche mit einer Monolage von Titandioxidpartikeln belegt ist. Dies auch dann, wenn die Monolage nicht flächendeckend ist. Es reichen Flächenbelegungen ab 2%, wobei 2 bis 100% eine photokatalytische Wirkung zeigen, wobei vorzugsweise eine Flächenbelegung zwischen 30 und 80% eingestellt wird. Die Flächenbelegung kann mittels Rasterelektonenmikroskopie eines repräsentativen Ausschnitts der beschichteten Fläche bestimmt werden. Mit den erfindungsgemässen Verfahren können neben Monolagen auch dickere Schichten aufgetragen werden.The catalytic effect of the metallic surface is already present when the surface is coated with a monolayer of titanium dioxide particles. This even if the monolayer is not nationwide. Surface coverage ranges from 2%, with 2 to 100% exhibiting a photocatalytic effect, wherein preferably a surface coverage of between 30 and 80% is set. The area occupation can be determined by means of scanning electron microscopy of a representative section of the coated area. Thicker layers can be applied in addition to monolayers using the methods according to the invention.
Eine kaltgasgespritzte Probe eines Aluminiumsubstrats zeigte eine deutlich erhöhte Aktivität beim Stickstoffmonoxid-Abbau, als eine auf herkömmliche Weise Sol-Gel-Beschichtete Probe. Vorzugsweise werden die erfindungsgemäßen beschichteten Oberflächen durch Polieren und/oder Schleifen nachbehandelt. Ganz besonders bevorzugt findet eine nachträgliche Wärmebehandlung, besonders bevorzugt bei Temperaturen zwischen 50°C und 800°C, bevorzugt 100°C bis 650°C und am meisten bevorzugt von 200°C bis 400°C statt. Besonders Vorteilhaft ist auch ein nachträglicher Auftrag einer zusätzlichen Beschichtung z.B. durch Sprühbeschichten, Tauchbeschichten oder Sol-Gel-Verfahren. Bevorzugt wird dabei eine weitere Beschichtung aus Titandioxid aufgetragen. Es können aber auch Metallbeschichtungen, andere Metalloxidbeschichtungen oder Verbindungen von Metallen mit Schwefel, Stickstoff und/oder Kohlenstoff aufgetragen werden. Bevorzugte Metalle sind Kupfer, Zink, Aluminium, Gold, Silber, Nickel, Kobalt und/oder Eisen.A cold gas-sprayed sample of an aluminum substrate exhibited significantly increased nitric oxide degradation activity than a conventional sol-gel coated sample. Preferably, the coated surfaces according to the invention are aftertreated by polishing and / or grinding. Very particular preference is given to a subsequent heat treatment, more preferably at temperatures between 50 ° C and 800 ° C, preferably 100 ° C to 650 ° C and most preferably from 200 ° C to 400 ° C instead. Particularly advantageous is also a subsequent application of an additional coating, for example by spray coating, dip coating or sol-gel process. In this case, a further coating of titanium dioxide is preferably applied. However, it is also possible to apply metal coatings, other metal oxide coatings or compounds of metals with sulfur, nitrogen and / or carbon. Preferred metals are copper, zinc, aluminum, gold, silver, nickel, cobalt and / or iron.
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DE102009043319A DE102009043319A1 (en) | 2009-09-28 | 2009-09-28 | Photocatalytically active coatings of titanium dioxide |
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DE102012001361A1 (en) | 2012-01-24 | 2013-07-25 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Method for cold gas spraying |
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CN105625852A (en) * | 2015-12-25 | 2016-06-01 | 南阳理工学院 | Formaldehyde-removing window for antique building |
CN108937606A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2018-12-07 | 佛山市顺德区美的电热电器制造有限公司 | Cookware and cooking apparatus |
WO2019246025A1 (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2019-12-26 | Northwestern University | Silver and titanium dioxide based optically transparent antimicrobial coatings and related methods |
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