EP2300068A2 - Coating means for coating a surface of a medical implant - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a coating means for coating a surface of a medical implant (12), said means comprising at least one fungal component and/or a plant component as a pharmacologically effective component and at least one carrier means for absorbing the at least one pharmacologically effective component at the surface of the medical implant (12). The invention further comprises a method for coating a surface of a medical implant (12), a medical implant (12) and a coating chamber (10) for coating a medical implant (12).

Description

 Coating agent for coating a surface of a medical implant

The invention relates to a coating agent of the type specified in the preamble of patent claim 1 for coating a surface of a medical implant. The invention further relates to a method for coating a surface of a medical implant, a medical implant having a pharmacologically active coating and a coating chamber for coating a medical implant.

Such coating compositions, methods and medical implants are already known, for example, from WO 98/36784, wherein the medical implant is designed for insertion into a vascular system of an animal or a human. On the surface of the medical implant, a primer layer of a non-porous polymer, for example a parylene, is applied. Over this primer layer, a coating of a coating agent is applied, which comprises at least one pharmacologically active component. The coating agent is depending on the

For the purposes of medical implant selected and may for example comprise an antibody, heparin, antithrombotic agents or the like as a pharmacologically active component. To one Finally, to ensure controlled release of the pharmacologically active component after implantation of the medical implant, a porous cover layer of a polymer is provided, which is applied to the pharmacologically active coating. The coating is applied by a chemical vapor deposition method using biocompatible polymers such as polyamides, parylenes or parylene derivatives.

A disadvantage of the known coating compositions with at least one pharmacologically active component or coated with these medical implants is the fact that they have only a relatively limited, short-term and poorly controllable effectiveness after implantation, but it is relatively complex and therefore expensive are in production.

Object of the present invention is therefore, a

To provide coating and a coated with this medical implant, which allow improved pharmacological efficacy and a cheaper production.

The object is achieved by a

Coating composition having the features of patent claim 1, a method for coating a surface of a medical implant according to claim 9, a medical implant having the features of claim 21 and a coating chamber having the features of claim 25. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the respective subclaims. A coating composition according to the invention which enables improved pharmacological activity and less expensive production of a corresponding medical implant is provided in that the coating agent comprises at least one mushroom constituent and / or plant constituent as pharmacologically active component and at least one carrier agent by means of which the at least one pharmacologically effective component to sorb on the surface of the medical implant is. In contrast to the known from the prior art coating compositions containing synthetic or - for example by enzymatic processes - modified drugs with individual, isolated active substances, the coating composition of the invention comprises in other words at least one Pilzbzw. Plant component which, as a natural phytopharmaceutical, offers both gentle and broad efficacy. Preferably, the fungal or plant constituent comprises a mixture of several pharmacologically active components of the corresponding fungus or the respective plant, which can be provided in a particularly simple and cost-effective manner, a broadly adaptable to the particular intended use of the associated implant, broad pharmacological activity. As a result, cost-effective coatings with improved effectiveness and high compatibility can be produced with the aid of the coating composition according to the invention. In addition, the coating composition according to the invention comprises at least one

Carrier means, by means of which the pharmacologically active component without the need for additional functional layers or coating steps attached to the surface of a medical implant and can be held. With the aid of the coating composition according to the invention, the production of corresponding medical implants is thus considerably accelerated, simplified and cheapened. It should be stressed that the coating due to their high

Compatibility, broadness and biodegradability not only for medical implants, but in principle for the coating of all medical devices, rooms and equipment as well as for dressing materials.

A further improvement of the pharmacological activity of the coating agent is made possible in an advantageous embodiment of the invention by comprising ionic and / or colloidal and / or nanoscopic silver and / or copper. With the help of such an anti-infective agent, in particular the occurrence of bacterial, mycotic or viral infections over a long period of time can be reliably prevented so that a medical implant provided with the coating composition according to the invention can easily remain in the body over a correspondingly long period of time.

Further advantages result from the coating agent being a solvent, in particular water and / or ethanol and / or acetone and / or 2, 2'-dihydroxydipropyl ether and / or 1, 2-propanediol and / or polyethylene glycol and / or turpentine and / or dichloromethane and / or diethyl ether and / or pentane and / or dimethyl sulfoxide and / or toluene and / or isopropanol. This allows a simplified handling of the coating agent. The respectively suitable solvent or solvent mixture can be chosen flexibly depending on the chemical properties of the coating composition and the coating method to be used, with which the Coating should be applied to a medical implant.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the carrier agent is a phosphate, in particular dicalcium phosphate, and / or stearic acid and / or silica and / or a stearate and / or an alginate and / or a carbohydrate, in particular a monosaccharide, and / or a biocompatible polymer, in particular a methacrylic polymer and / or a

Polyvinylpyrrolidone, and / or a lipid, in particular a wax, and / or a disaccharide and / or an oligosaccharide and / or a polysaccharide, and / or an iodine compound and / or a barium compound and / or a polypeptide, and / or a polyene, in particular a polyterpene. In this way, while ensuring the required biocompatibility and functionality of the carrier, the coating agent can be adapted particularly easily to different purposes, coating methods, fungal or plant components and surface materials of the implant to be coated.

A particularly high flexibility and adaptability of the coating agent to different implant types and applications while ensuring the required

Biocompatibility and safety is made possible in a further embodiment in that the carrier comprises one or more compounds from the group E100, El101, E103, E104, E105, El11, E121, E126, E128, E130, E132, E133, E140, E150a, E151, E152, E160, E161, E162, E163, E170, E174, E175, E180, E181, E200, E201, E202, E203, E233, E236, E237, E238, E260, E261, E262, E263, E270, E280, E281, E282, E290, E296, E297, E300, E301, E303, E305, E306, E307, E308, E309, E322, E325, E326, E327, E331, E332, E333, E334, E335, E336, E337, E350, E351, E352, E353, E354, E355, E356, E357, E363, E382,

E400, E401, E402, E403, E404, E405, E406, E408, E410, E411,

E413, E414, E420, E421, E422, E440, E460, E464, E470a, E470b,

E471, E472, E472a, E472b, E472c, E473, E474, E475, E480,

E481, E482, E501, E504, E507, E508, E509, E511, E513, E514,

E515, E516, E524, E525, E526, E528, E529, E530, E535, E536,

E538, E551, E552, E553b, E558, E570, E585, E640, E901, E902,

E903, E904, E914, E927, E938, E939, E941, E942, E948, E950,

E959, E1404, E1420, E1422.

Further advantages result from the carrier means being designed to release the pharmacologically active component in a controlled manner after implantation of the medical implant. As a result, not only the deposition of the pharmacologically active component in the coating of the implant, but also their controlled delivery after implantation of the implant without the aid of additional functional layers can be ensured with the aid of the carrier, resulting in significant cost advantages due to the time and material savings.

In a further advantageous embodiment it is provided that the at least one mushroom and / or plant component is physically, in particular by extraction and / or by distillation, separated from a fungus or a plant and / or a dried fungus or a dried plant and or a pulverized fungus or powdered plant. Since the pharmacological activity of the fungal or plant constituent depends on the type of separation, can advantageously from a mushroom or. Plant type different components are isolated and provided, which have correspondingly different pharmacological effects. Furthermore, the respective properties of the fungus or the plant optimally be taken into account. For example, some fungi or plants contain pharmacologically active essential oils, while pharmacologically active components in other fungi may be localized predominantly in the mycelium or fruiting body or in other plants predominantly in leaves, flowers, stems or roots. It is ensured in all the variants mentioned that, in particular in contrast to synthetic drugs or fermented or otherwise modified fungi or plant extracts, the broad pharmacological activity of the fungus or plant component is maintained with good and low side effects compatibility.

Further advantages arise when the fungus from the family Hymenochaetaceae and / or Polyporaceae and / or the

Plant of the family Acanthaceae, Alliaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Betulaceae, Brassicaceae, Burseraceae, Campanulaceae, Cistaceae, Commelinaceae, Crassulaceae, Cupressaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Droseraceae, Echinaceae, Equisetaceae, Ericaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Hypericaceae , Lamiaceae, Linaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Paeoniaceae, Papaveraceae, Pinaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Pyrolaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Ruscaceae, Rutaceae, Saxifragaceae, Sphagnaceae, Tilliaceae, Urticaceae,

Valerianaceae or Violaceae is selected. In this way, the pharmacological action of the at least one active component can be selected specifically and preferably by utilizing systematic family properties and optimally adapted to the respective intended use. For example, fungi of the family Polyporaceae contain β-glucans as a pharmacologically active component, which have an immunostimulating action and inhibit the multiplication of viruses. Plants of the family Commelinaceae, for example, Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson, contain antivirally active components. Myrtaceae family plants usually contain essential oils with mono- and sesquiterpenes, polyphenols, gallotannins, leucoanthocyans and derivatives of simple phenols. In particular, plants of the family Hypericaceae contain naphthodianthrones such as hypericin and phloroglucinols such as hyperforin as well as various flavonoids (amentoflavone). Lamiaceae also contain different essential oils, in particular terpenes such as cineole, borneol, camphor, bornyl acetate and terpineol, tannins, flavonoids, glycolic acid, bitter substances, saponins, vitamin C, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenols, phenols, thymol and carvacrol as main substances. Papaveraceae family plants typically contain morphine-type alkaloids (morphine, codeine, thebaine) or isoquinoline (papaverine, protropin). Rosaceae contain primarily cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, flavonoids, catechins, leucoanthocyanins and fruit acids. The main ingredients of Asteraceae are basically lignans, terpenes, inulin, mucilage, essential oils, polyynes, caffeic acid derivatives, sesquiterpene lactones, polysaccharides, sterols, bitter substances and tannins. In addition to elements such as K, Ca and Mg, Ericaceae contains mainly vitamin C, anthocyanosides, aliphatic alcohols and aldehydes, flavonoids such as quercetin, triterpenes and organic acids such as benzoic and syringic acid. Pinaceae characteristically contain various monoterpenes and terpinetins called oil-resin mixtures in the excreting spaces of the strain. In Plantaginaceae there are sometimes iridoids and various glycosides. Saxifragales also contain iridoids in addition to essential oils, flavones, myricetin and tannins. In addition to alkaloids, Fabaceae mainly contains various lectins (eg phythemagglutinines) as well as triterpene and steroid saponins. In addition, Fabaceae contain acyclic sesquiterpene alcohols such as farnesol, which in particular inhibits the growth of staphylococci and streptococci and also degrades the enzyme important in the context of tumor therapies farnesyltransferase. Araliaceae usually contain triterpenes, saponins, ß-carotene, eleutheroside A (sitostereol), eleutheroside B (caffeic acid, syringin or chlorogenic acid), eleutheroside B4 (lignan compound, sesamin), eleutheroside C (oligosaccharides), eleutheroside D (lignan compounds), coumarin derivatives , Triterpene saponins and vitamin E. In addition to oxalate, polygonaceae mainly contain anthraglycosides, flavonoids (eg rutin, hyperoside, quercitrin) and tannins.

It has been found to be advantageous if the coating composition contains at least one essential oil from the group cajeput oil, camphor oil, spruce oil, geranium oil, St. John's wort oil, Kanuka oil, mountain pine oil, lavandin oil, lavender oil, manuka oil, mint oil, myrrh oil, neem oil,

Clove flower oil, niaouli oil, pine needle oil and tea tree oil as a plant component. By using at least one of these essential oils from the group mentioned, it is ensured in any combination that, on the one hand, there is a broad and reliable effectiveness and, on the other hand, no undesired interactions between the ingredients of the coating agent, such as precipitation, conglomeration or uncontrolled degradation reactions. All of the essential oils of the group mentioned show, in addition to a microorganism-repellent effect, various further effects, so that the coating composition can also be optimally formed depending on different purposes. Cajeput oil is antineurally active, for example. Also camphor oil is strong antiseptic and in particular strongly antifungal active. Spruce oil, in particular pine needle oil, ensures a particularly high microorganism repellent effect even when applying the coating agent by evaporation or atomization. St. John's wort oil contributes, in addition to a microorganism-repellent effect, to wound healing when applied to a wound surface. Kanuka oil has a germicidal effect and is also anti-inflammatory. Mountain pine oil and manuka oil are particularly strong antibacterial effect. Lavandin oil is also wound healing and anti-scarring, while lavender oil is anti-inflammatory and regeneration-demanding. Surprisingly, in the case of the simultaneous presence of lavender and lavender oil in the composition, it is possible to ensure particularly reliably that there is no bacterial side

Resistances against the Beschichtungsunsmittel can form. Mint oil also has analgesic properties when applied to a wound surface. Myrrh oil is highly anti-inflammatory and especially in combination with cajeput oil is highly antibacterial. Neem oil and clove flower oil are highly effective against parasites. Niaouli oil has a hemostatic effect, while pine needle oil and tea tree oil are particularly strong antibacterial and antiviral activity.

A combination of at least two essential oils from the group mentioned surprisingly results in a combinatorial overall effect which considerably exceeds a hypothetical effect which would have been expected from the combination of the individual compounds. As a natural phytopharmaceutical, the essential oils from the group mentioned are gentle on the surface and can be used accordingly for the production of a coating agent for a wide variety of surface types. moreover the coating composition thus formed is broadly effective against a variety of microorganisms and unlike the prior art by almost any method, for example by direct application, by evaporation and / or by sputtering, can be applied to the surface in question. This gives a particularly high flexibility in the application.

With the aid of the coating composition according to the invention, it is also possible to coat hard-to-reach surfaces such as, for example, inner surfaces of medical implants or devices as well as particularly sensitive surfaces, such as wound surfaces of animals or humans, with a high degree of effectiveness against a multiplicity of microorganisms. The stated essential oils may in principle be selected in any combination from the group mentioned in order to achieve the properties according to the invention. For individual adaptation to different application profiles, surface properties and types of microorganisms it can be provided that the

Composition 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 or 17 comprises essential oils from the said group. The said essential oils also have strong anti-incrustation properties, whereby the coated medical implants, such as stents, catheters, cannulas, heart valves, joint prostheses, breast implants, pacemakers, screws, balloons and / or rails, correspondingly advantageous properties both for the implantation itself and for possess the subsequent healing process. Corresponding advantages with regard to a significantly improved wound healing process with reduced scar formation also arise when the coating composition is used for coating bandage material. Furthermore, it can be provided that the essential oils are or are selected depending on their geographical origin. Since essential oils as natural products have certain climatic differences with regard to the number, amount and mass ratios of their ingredients, this can be used to set different focus areas in a simple manner and to adapt the properties of the composition specifically to different requirement profiles.

It has been shown to be advantageous if one of the essential oils is geranium oil. This surprisingly results in a particularly long shelf life of the coating composition and a long-lasting antimicrobial activity when the coating composition is applied to the surface in question. This is all the more surprising since geranium oil, taken alone, has only a relatively low antimicrobial activity. Geranium oil also acts as a type of emulsifier and is particularly effective in preventing unwanted interactions between various essential oils, thus preventing the breakdown of aggregates or the breakdown of active ingredients. This also applies if, in addition to the essential oils of the group mentioned, other essential oils are present in the composition. The exact mechanism on which this mode of action is based is still unclear. In addition, geranium oil is hemostatic and a wound healing requirement, so that in particular in the implantation of provided with the coating medical implants corresponding benefits. In addition, the above-mentioned essential oils have a particularly high haemostatic (hemostatic), disinfectant, healing and inflammation and anti-scarring In the context of the implantation of an implant coated with the coating agent according to the invention, a significantly improved healing process with a significantly reduced complication rate can be achieved. In addition, due to the haemostatic effect during implantation, the amount of blood required can be significantly reduced. In addition, due to the reduced bleeding, the attending physician has a significantly improved view of the operating area, which additionally significantly reduces the complication rate.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for coating a surface of a medical implant, in which according to the invention at least the steps a) arranging the medical implant in one

Coating chamber, b) generating a negative pressure within the coating chamber, c) introducing a coating agent according to one of the preceding embodiments into the coating chamber and d) sorbing at least a part of the coating agent on the surface of the medical implant. With the aid of the method according to the invention, an improved pharmacological effectiveness of the medical implant is made possible because the coating agent is not exposed to thermal stresses during the coating of the surface of the medical implant. In contrast to the chemical vapor deposition methods known from the prior art, in which the carrier of the coating agent is subjected to chemical reactions during deposition from the gas phase, the coating is formed by sorption (adsorption and absorption effects) of at least a portion of the vaporized coating agent on the surface of the Implant formed. In this way, it is ensured that the at least one pharmacologically active component of the coating agent applied chemically unchanged on the implant and not derivatized by unwanted side reactions or destroyed or weakened in their effect. As a result, the resulting coating or the medical implant provided with this has both the broad effectiveness and the good and low side effects compatibility of the pharmacologically active fungus or plant component. The advantageous embodiments explained above in connection with the coating composition according to the invention are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the method and vice versa. The method further guarantees a uniform application and good adhesion and resistance of the coating on the surface of the medical implant serving as a substrate, so that the functionality of the coating remains reliable even under mechanical stress - for example, when bending and implanting the implant. Furthermore, the method according to the invention can be carried out in a particularly simple, fast and reliable manner, as a result of which high numbers of pieces are achieved and considerable time and cost savings are made possible over previous solutions. Due to the high compatibility, broad effect and biodegradability of the coating used can not only medical implants, but in principle all medical devices are coated with the help of the method according to the invention.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention that the negative pressure in step b) is adjusted to a value between 25 mbar and 10 ^-7 mbar, in particular between 1 mbar and 10 ^"mbar is provided. In this way it is ensured that the components of the in the following step c) introduced into the coating chamber Evaporate coating material explosively without thermal stress and sorb evenly distributed on the surface of the implant. This can be assisted in particular by the use of a suitable solvent or solvent mixture. The resulting coating thus provides a closed and non-porous surface, which makes it difficult or impossible to penetrate and settle microorganisms. As a result, the residence time of the medical implant in the body is considerably extended. Furthermore, a simple influenceability of the release behavior of the at least one pharmacologically active component is made possible by the choice of suitable process parameters. By setting a low pressure collisions are also minimized with existing in vacuum gas particles, so that unwanted oxidation of the components of the

Coating can be reliably prevented. By deliberately adjusting the negative pressure, the thickness of the coating as well as its pharmacological properties can be specifically influenced.

A particularly good, reliable and long-lasting adhesion of the coating to the surface of the medical implant is ensured in a further embodiment in that the medical implant is surface-modified before step c).

It has proven to be advantageous if the surface of the medical implant is roughened by means of electrons and / or electromagnetic radiation, in particular microwaves, and / or plasma. This ensures a reliable and high-quality coating of various materials, so that, for example, surfaces made of titanium, silicone or Teflon can then be coated easily. To generate a plasma, it can be provided that the gas present in the coating chamber is ionized. Alternatively or additionally, first of all a gas-for example methane, helium, argon, nitrogen, fluorine or the like-or a suitable gas mixture can be introduced into the coating chamber and ionized there.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that before step c), in particular during and / or after the surface modification, again a negative pressure within the coating chamber is generated. The new negative pressure can be set to the same or a different pressure value compared to the first negative pressure. For example, it is advantageously possible to advantageously reduce a pressure increase occurring within the coating chamber during the preceding surface modification and to set the optimum pressure value for coating.

A particularly uniform and reliable dispersion of the coating agent within the coating chamber is ensured in a further embodiment in that the coating agent is introduced into the coating chamber through a nozzle in step c), since with the aid of such a nozzle, the speed of the coating agent can be selectively increased when flowing through ,

Further advantages result from the fact that at least part of the coating agent and / or the medical implant is heated in the coating chamber during and / or after step c), in particular by means of microwaves and / or IR irradiation. This allows the redispersion of on inner walls of the coating chamber condensed constituents of the coating agent, whereby an optimized yield is achieved. Furthermore, a targeted treatment of the surface of the coating is made possible in this way, so that any irregularities can be repaired reliably, for example by a subsequent flow of the carrier.

In a further embodiment, it has proven to be advantageous if at least part of the coating agent during and / or after step c), in particular by means of

Ultrasound, is dispersed in the coating chamber. This also reliably ensures that the greatest possible proportion of the introduced coating agent sorbs on the surface of the medical implant. The yield maximization made possible in this way results in considerable cost savings, in particular for a mass-produced article such as medical implants.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that at least steps b) to d) are carried out several times with the same coating agent and / or with different coating agents. This makes it possible to produce a plurality of optionally functionally different coatings, so that implants with a complex temporal

Delivery behavior of one or more pharmacologically active components can be produced quickly and easily. This opens up, for example, the possibility of producing an implant which first develops a predominantly hemostatic, then a predominantly anti-inflammatory and finally a predominantly antiinfective effect. Basically, however, this arbitrarily adjustable, time-graded modes of action and combinations of effects are easily representable. In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention provides that after step d) in a further step e) again a negative pressure for a predetermined period of time is generated within the coating chamber. As a result, the durability and shelf life of the coated implant is surprisingly additionally increased.

By ventilating the coating chamber after step d) and / or optionally step e) in a further step f), preferably with a sterile gas, it is ensured in a simple and inexpensive manner that the coated implant remains germ-free until packed in a clean dream.

Further advantages are obtained by using in step a) a medical implant having a surface comprising an iodine compound and / or a barium compound. This allows a simple and non-destructive quality control of the applied coating by means of X-ray measurements, in which the iodine and / or barium compound acts as a contrast agent.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a medical implant having a pharmacologically active coating, wherein according to the invention an improved pharmacological activity and less expensive production of the implant are made possible by the pharmacologically active coating comprising a coating agent according to one of the preceding embodiments and / or by a method is sorbed on a surface of the medical implant according to one of the preceding embodiments. The resulting benefits are to be found in the above descriptions, wherein advantageous embodiments of the coating composition or the method are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the medical implant and vice versa.

It can be provided in an advantageous embodiment that the implant for the permanent and / or the temporary whereabouts in a body of a living being, in particular a mammal, is formed. As a result, the advantageous pharmacological effect of the implant according to the invention can be provided flexibly for all types of medical applications and requirements. It has proven particularly advantageous if the medical implant as a stent and / or catheter and / or cannula and / or heart valve and / or

Joint prosthesis and / or pacemaker and / or screw and / or balloon and / or rail is formed.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the medical implant has a functional layer comprising an iodine compound and / or a barium compound under the pharmacologically active coating. This allows a simple quality control of the pharmacologically active coating by means of radiating, non-destructive

X-ray measurements in which the iodine and / or barium compound acts as a contrast agent. In addition, iodine and / or barium compounds have a beneficial antiseptic effect, so that the medical implant still has a pharmacological activity even if the overlying coating is degraded, detached, injured or otherwise consumed. Alternatively, it can also be provided that the iodine and / or barium Connection in the material of the implant, such as plastic or silicone, is integrated.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a coating chamber, which according to the invention enables improved pharmacological effectiveness and cost-effective production of a coated medical implant in that it is evacuable and gas-tight closable and comprises a holding device for arranging at least one medical implant and at least one valve which a coating agent according to one of the preceding embodiments in the coating chamber can be introduced. In this way, the coating chamber according to the invention enables the provision of the

Coating means provided medical implants and is also suitable for carrying out a method according to one of the preceding embodiments. The resulting benefits can be found in the corresponding descriptions.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings, in which the same or functionally identical elements are provided with identical reference numerals. Showing:

Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional side view of a

Embodiment of a coating chamber for coating medical implants;

FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of a medical implant coated in the coating chamber shown in FIG. 1; FIG. and Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the medical implant along the section line III-III shown in Fig. 2.

1 shows a schematic lateral sectional view of an exemplary embodiment of a coating chamber 10 for coating surfaces of medical implants 12. For this purpose, the medical implants 12a-g, which in the present exemplary embodiment are in the form of a bladder catheter, are initially placed in a holding device 14 of the coating chamber 10 designed as a rail hooked. Subsequently, a lid 16 of the coating chamber 10 is closed and, with the aid of a vacuum pump (not shown) coupled via a valve 18a, a negative pressure is generated inside the coating chamber 10 and adjusted to a pressure value of about 10 ^-3 mbar. Thereafter, the valve 18a is closed. In order for the coating chamber 10 to withstand the applied mechanical forces, at least the affected wall regions 20 are advantageously made of a fiber-plastic composite, in particular a glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP). Alternatively or additionally, of course, other suitable materials such as carbon fibers, glass, steel, fiber reinforced stone materials or the like can be used. Furthermore, for simplified cleaning it can be provided that the inner wall regions 20 of the coating chamber 10 comprise a corresponding functional coating, for example a Teflon, PE, PVC or PP layer. Furthermore, it can be provided that the coating chamber 10 is thermally insulated in order to be able to set different optimum temperatures for the respective coating process in a process-reliable manner. Via a further valve 18b and a hose 22, which has a nozzle 24 at its end region, a predetermined amount of a coating agent explained in more detail below is then introduced into the coating chamber 10 within a certain period of time, for example about 10 minutes, where it is due to prevailing negative pressure explosively evaporated. The vaporized components of the coating agent condense at least predominantly on accessible surfaces of the medical implants and become the desired

Coating 44 (see Fig. 3) evenly sorbed on this. Of course, it may also be provided that the surfaces are partially shielded in order to selectively prevent sorption of the coating agent at these locations.

Depending on the surface materials to be coated, it may alternatively be provided that the medical implants 12a-g are surface-modified prior to the introduction of the coating agent. For this purpose, the coating chamber 10 comprises a plasma generator 26, by means of which an ionized gas or gas mixture is generated and used for targeted material removal on the surfaces of the implants 12a-g. As gas or gas mixture can be used for this purpose, for example, the already existing air. Alternatively or additionally, of course, inert gases, methane, fluorine or the like can be used. In this way, a targeted roughening and thus a reliable adhesion of the subsequent coating 44 to a wide variety of surface materials can be ensured. For example, implants 12 made of silicone can also be coated without any problems. Alternatively or additionally, the surfaces can of course also be bombarded by electron bombardment or electromagnetic radiation be modified. Preferably, during or after the surface modification, a negative pressure is again generated within the coating chamber 10 and adjusted to a suitable pressure value depending on the properties of the coating agent. It can further be provided that the surface modification and the introduction of the coating agent is carried out at different temperatures.

Furthermore, the coating chamber 10 comprises a tempering unit 28, by means of which a part of the coating agent and the medical implants 12a-g can be tempered. Since the coating material evaporates explosively during introduction, especially when the coating agent comprises a larger amount of solvent, a significant drop in temperature and condensing of the solvent and other, possibly poorly volatile components on the wall regions 20 of the coating chamber 10 occur Yield maximization by targeted and gentle tempering using the temperature control unit 28 are evaporated again. The tempering unit 28 can be designed for this purpose, for example, as a microwave and / or IR radiation source. For further maximization of yield, the coating chamber 10 below the nozzle 24 comprises an ultrasonic nebulizer 30 arranged between the feet 29, by means of which in particular frozen and low-volatility components of the introduced coating agent can be dispersed again in the coating chamber 10 by means of ultrasound.

After completion of the coating process, a negative pressure with a desired pressure value can again be generated and / or a desired temperature can be set. Subsequently can be the same or a different one

Coating agent introduced into the coating chamber 10 and sorbed as a further coating 44 on the medical implants 12a-g, now the previously applied coating 44 acts in the respective areas as the surface of the implants 12a-g. In this way, implants 12 having a plurality of temporally and / or functionally graded pharmacological coatings 44 can be produced particularly quickly, simply and reliably.

After the last coating 44 has been applied, it is advantageously once again for a predetermined period of time - for example 10 minutes - a negative pressure - for example about 10 ^" mbar - produced, whereby the durability and

Shelf life of the implants 12a-g is additionally increased. Subsequently, the coating chamber 10 is preferably aerated with a sterile gas. The coated medical implants 12a-g can then be removed from the coating chamber 10 and packaged sterile.

The coating composition, which always comprises at least at least one fungal constituent and / or a plant constituent as a pharmacologically active component and at least one carrier agent, by means of which the at least one pharmacologically active component is to be sorbed on the surface of the medical implant, may vary depending on the nature and the purpose of use of the medical implant 12 can be used in various and flexibly adaptable embodiments in carrying out the method described above. An overview of non-limiting embodiments of the coating agent is given in Table 1. It is true emphasize that the pharmacologically active fungal or plant constituents and carriers as well as the fundamentally optional solvents within the scope of the inventive concept can be arbitrarily combined in terms of their nature and freely varied with respect to their respective mass or volume fraction.

Table 1: Exemplary embodiments of the coating agent

Example 1 D 1000 ml of ethanol

2) 100 g of ethanol-soluble elastomer (rubber,

Rubber etc.)

3) 35 ml geranium oil (100%)

4) 35 ml tea tree oil (100%)

5) 18 ml of Kanuca oil (100%)

6) 35 ml manuka oil (100%)

7) 18 ml of niaouli oil (100%)

Example 2 D 1-100 ml of silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-10Og PVP 30

4) rosemary oil 1, 5-800g / 20-800ml ethanol 70%

5) 9.0-20Og b-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

Example 3 D 50-100 μmol Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

3) l-400ml tea tree oil

4) l-200g PVP 90

5) 0.04-400ml Niaouli oil

Example 4 D 15-100 OmI 99.9% ethanol

2) 15-1000ml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

3) 5-500ml of thyme oil

4) 5-200g PVP 90 5) 2-40 OmI dipropylene glycol

Example 5 D 30-100 μmol Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) l-900ml ethanol 99, 8%

3) 4-80Og PVP 90

4) 2-500ml siam wood oil

5) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

Example 6 D 2-500ml lemon balm

2) 10-lOOOml 99.9% ethanol

3) 10-lOOOml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

4) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

5) 2-500ml Profisol

6) 4-200g PVP 90

Example 7 D 1-40 oz bergamot oil

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-10 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

Example 8 D l-500g Allium sativum

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-100 Omi silver-water (8 Oppm Ag)

4) l-500g xantan

Example 9 D 1-lOOOml Silver-Water (8 Oppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-100ml dipropylene glycol

4) Cajeput oil 1,5-80Og

5) 9.0-20Og b-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

Example 10 D 50-100 Omi Silver Water (8 Oppm Ag)

2) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

3) l-400ml tea tree oil

4) l-200g PVP 90

5) 0.04-400ml mountain pine oil

Example 11 D 15-100 OmI 99.9% ethanol

2) 15-100OmI silver-water (8 Oppm Ag)

3) 5-500ml lavender oil

4) 5-200g PVP 90 5) 2-40 OmI dipropylene glycol

Example 12 D 30-100 μmol Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) l-900ml ethanol 99, 8%

3) 4-80Og PVP 90

4) 2-500ml clove oil

5) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

Example 13 D 2-500ml turpentine (Pinus pineaster)

2) 10-lOOOml 99.9% ethanol

3) 10-lOOOml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

4) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

5) 2-500ml Profisol

6) 4-200g PVP 90

Example 14 D 1-40Og Phlodicarpus sibirikus

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-10 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

Example 15 D l-500g Schopflavendel (Lavendula Stoechas)

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-100 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

4) l-500g xantan

Example 16 D 1 - 100 ml of silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-100ml dipropylene glycol

4) 1.5-80Og bearberry oil (Arctostaphylos uva ursi)

5) 9.0-20Og b-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

Example 17 D 50-100 Omi Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

3) l-400ml eugenol

4) l-200g PVP 90

5) 0.04-40Og marine pine oil

Example 18 D 15-100 OmI 99.9% ethanol

2) 15-100mMi silver-water (80ppm Ag)

3) 5-500ml ribwort oil (Plantago lanceola- ta L.)

4) 5-20Og PVP 90

5) 2-400ml dipropylene glycol

Example 19 D 30-100 Omi Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) l-900ml ethanol 99.8%

3) 4-80Og PVP 90

4) 2-500ml lady's mantle oil

5) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

Example 20 D 2-500 ml Azadirachta indica syn. (Antelaela azadirachta L.)

2) 10-lOOOml 99.9% ethanol

3) 10-lOOOml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

4) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

5) 2-500ml Profisol

6) 4-200g PVP 90

Example 21 D 1-40 Og Cistus incanuss ssp. Taurikus

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-10 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

Example 22 D l-500g Angelica sinensis

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-100 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

4) l-500g xantan

Example 23 D 1-100 ml of silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-100ml dipropylene glycol

4) 1,5-80Og Melaleuca vidiflora

5) 9.0-20Og b-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

Example 24 D 50-100 Omi Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

3) l-400ml Tolak Angin

4) l-200g PVP 90

5) 0.04-40Og marine pine oil

Example 25 D 15-100 OmI 99.9% ethanol 2) 15-1000ml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

3) 5-500ml Artemisia Argyi Levl. Et Vant

4) 5-200g PVP 90

5) 2-40 OmI dipropylene glycol

Example 26 D 30-100 Omi Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) l-900ml ethanol 99.8%

3) 4-80Og PVP 90

4) 2-500ml Hypericum perfloratum

5) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

Example 27 D 2-500ml Polygonum Multiflorum

2) 10-lOOOml 99.9% ethanol

3) 10-lOOOml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

4) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

5) 2-500ml Profisol

6) 4-200g PVP 90

Example 28 D 1-40Og Frankincense (Boswellia sacra)

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-10 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

Example 29 D l-500g Andrographis paniculata (Herba)

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-100 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

4) l-500g xantan

Example 30 D 1-100 ml silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-100ml dipropylene glycol

4) 1,5-80Og bergamot oil

5) 9.0-20Og b-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

Example 31 D 50-100 μmol silver-water (δOppm Ag)

2) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

3) l-400ml manuka oil

4) l-200g PVP 90

5) 0.04-40Og marine pine oil

Example 32 D 15-100 OmI 99.9% ethanol 2) 15-1000ml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

3) 5-500ml Artemisia Argyi Levl. Et Vant

4) 5-200g PVP 90

5) 2-40 OmI dipropylene glycol

Example 33 D 30-100 Omi Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) l-900ml ethanol 99.8%

3) 4-80Og PVP 90

4) 2-500ml Hypericum perfloratum

5) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

Example 34 D 2-500ml Polygonum Multiflorum

2) 10-lOOOml 99.9% ethanol

3) 10-lOOOml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

4) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

5) 2-500ml Profisol

6) 4-200g PVP 90

Example 35 D 1-40Og Frankincense (Boswellia sacra)

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-10 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

Example 36 D l-500g Andrographis paniculata (Herba)

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-100 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

4) l-500g xantan

Example 37 D 1-100 ml silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-10Og PVP 30

4) Tinc. Hyperici 12.5-80Og / 20-δ00ml ethanol

70%

5) 9.0-20Og b-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

Example 38 D 50-100 μmol silver-water (δOppm Ag)

2) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

3) 6,6-40Og Manuka Honey UMF 20+

4) l-200g PVP 90

5) 0.04-400ml Niaouli oil Example 39 D 15-100 OmI 99.9% ethanol

2) 15-1000ml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

3) 5-500ml geranium oil

4) 5-200g PVP 90

5) 2-40 OmI dipropylene glycol

Example 40 D 30-100 Omi Silver Water (80 ppm Ag)

2) l-900ml geranium water

3) 4-80Og PVP 90

4) 2-5000ml rosemary oil

5) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

Example 41 D 2-500ml manuka oil

2) 10-lOOOml 99.9% ethanol

3) 10-lOOOml silver-water (80ppm Ag)

4) 2-500ml dipropylene glycol

5) 2-500ml Profisol

6) 4-200g PVP 90

Example 42 D 1-40 Og Manuka Honey UMF 20+

2) 5-200g PVP 90

3) 3-10 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

Example 43 D l-500g Manuka Honey UMF 20+

2) 5g PVP 90

3) 3-100 Omi Silver-Water (80ppm Ag)

4) l-500g xantan

Example 44 D 1000 ml of solvent (water, silver-water,

Alcohol)

2) one or more of:

- sorbitan monostearate

- sorbitan tristearate

- sorbitan monolaurate

- sorbitan monooleate

- sorbitan monopalmitate

3) Essential oil / extract 10-800g / l

4) PVP 2-100g / l

5) geranium oil 0, l-400ml / l 6) β-cyclodextrin I-400g / L

Example 45 D 1000 ml of solvent (water, silver-water,

Alcohol)

2) polyoxyethylene E431-E436

3) Essential oil / extract 10-800g / l

4) PVP 2 - 200g / l

5) Lavender oil 0, l-500ml / l

6) β-cyclodextrin I-800g / L

Example 46 D 1000ml solvent (water, silver-water,

Alcohol)

2) Pectin, amidated pectin

3) Essential oil / extract lg-500g / l

4) PVP 2-200g / l

5) Clove oil 0, l-500ml / l

6) β-cyclodextrin I-800g / L

Example 47 D 1000 ml of solvent (water, silver-water,

Alcohol)

2) Monoglycerides

3) Essential oil / extract l-500g / l

4) PVP 2-200g / l

5) Manuka oil 0, l-200ml / l

6) β-cyclodextrin I-800g / L

Example 48 D 1000 ml of solvent (water, silver-water,

Alcohol)

2) mustard oils l-500ml / l

3) PVP 2-200g / l

4) β-cyclodextrin I-800g / L

Example 49 D 1000 ml of silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-10Og PVP 30

4) 12.5-80Og tinc. Hyperici / 20-800ml ethanol

70%

5) 9-20Og of β-cyclodextrin 6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

7) one or more of:

- 1-500 ml of Niaouli oil

- 1-500 ml of geranium oil

- 1-500 ml rosemary oil

- 1-500 ml manuka oil

- 1-500 ml tea tree oil

- 1-500 ml of thyme oil

- 1-500 ml Siam wood oil

- 1-500 ml bergamot oil

- 1-500 ml cajeput oil

- 1-500 ml of lavender oil

- 1-500 ml clove oil

- 1-500 ml bearberry oil

- 1-500 ml of sea-pine oil

- 1-500 ml of ribwort oil

- 1-500 ml lady's mantle oil

Example 50 1) 1-100 ml of silver-water (80 ppm Ag)

2) 5-10Og PVP 90

3) 6-10Og PVP 30

4) 12.5-80Og tinc. Hyperici / 20-800ml Ethanol 70%

5) 9-20Og of β-cyclodextrin

6) 50-100 Omi 99.9% ethanol

7) one or more of:

- 1-500 ml Radiola gene.

- 1-500 ml Paeonia gen.

- 1-500 ml Rhaponticum Carthamoides (WILLD)

- 1-500 ml Hedysarum sibiricum Poir

- 1-500 ml Rhodiola rosea

- 1-500 ml of Aconitum napellus

- 1-500 ml of Bergenia crassifolia

- 1-500 ml of Origanum vulgaris

- 1-500 ml Hypericum pertbratum - 1-500 ml Achillea asiatica Serg.

- 1-500 ml Herba Leonuri

- 1-500 ml of Acorus calamus

- 1-500 ml Vaccinium vitis idaea

- 1-500 ml Crataegus

- 1-500 ml betula alba

- 1-500 ml Ledum palustre L.

- 1-500 ml of Arctium

- 1-500 ml Tussilago farfara

- 1-500 ml of Melissa officinalis

- 1-500 ml Taraxacum (gen.)

- 1-500 ml Matricaria (spp.)

- 1-500 ml Glycyrrhiza glabra

- 1-500 ml Viola gene.

- 1-500 ml of Equisetum arvense

- 1-500 ml bidens

1-500 ml of Calendula spp.

- 1-500 ml Rosa canina

- 1-500 ml Rubus fruticosus

- 1-500 ml Tanacetum vulgaris

- 1-500 ml Corydalis

- 1-500 ml Artemisia absinthium

- 1-500 ml Mentha gene.

- 1-500 ml Plantago rugelii

- 1-500 ml Aralia gen.

- 1-500 ml of Elcuterococcus senticosus

- 1-500 ml Pignolia nut

- 1-500 ml Schizandra

- 1-500 ml of Allium tricoccum

- 1-500 ml Abies sibirica Ledeb

- 1-500 ml Pteridium aquilinum

- 1-500 ml Lariceta osmundosa

- 1-500 ml Valeriana officinalis

- 1-500 ml Polygonum aviculare - 1-500 ml of Urtica dioica

- 1-500 ml of Urtica angustifolia

- 1-500 ml Salvia gen.

- 1-500 ml Tilia cordata MiIl

- 1-500 ml of Chelidonium majus

- 1-500 ml Quercus robur

- 1-500 ml of Crataegus oxyacantha

- 1-500 ml of Inonotus obliquus

- 1-500 ml of Panax ginseng

An exemplary, non-limiting list of solvents and carriers which are suitable for the preparation of the coating composition according to the invention and for the purpose of establishing a controlled release of the at least one pharmacologically active component or as a binding agent is furthermore given in Table 2.

Table 2: Examples of suitable solvents and vehicles

alginate

Gelling agent PNC 430

guar Gum

pectin

silica

Waxes (eg Monodepil G®)

Gelatin (natural or artificial, for example Gelita®, Medical VP31 9®)

One or more of: Eloo,

ElOl, E103, E104, E105, ElIl,

E121, E126, E128, E130, E132,

E133, E140, E150a, E151, E152,

E160, E161, E162, E163, E170,

E174, E175, E180, E181, E200,

E201, E202, E203, E233, E236,

E237, E238, E260, E261, E262,

E263, E270, E280, E281, E282,

E290, E296, E297, E300, E301,

E303, E305, E306, E307, E308,

E309, E322, E325, E326, E327,

E331, E332, E333, E334, E335,

E336, E337, E350, E351, E352,

E353, E354, E355, E356, E357,

E363, E382, E400, E401, E402,

E403, E404, E405, E406, E408,

E410, E411, E413, E414, E420,

E421, E422, E440, E460, E464,

E470a, E47 Ob, E471, E472 I

E472a, E472b, E472c, E473,

E474, E475, E480, E481, E482,

E501, E504, E507, E508, E509,

E511, E513, E514, E515, E516,

Exemplary and non-limiting fungal and plant families which are suitable for obtaining pharmacologically active components for the coating composition according to the invention, and exemplary family representatives are given in Table 3 and Table 4, The family representatives are according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN ), where additionally the respective trivial names are given in brackets.

Table 3: Fungal families and exemplary family representatives for obtaining fungal ingredients with pharmacologically active components

Table 4: Plant families and exemplary family representatives for the recovery of plant components with pharmacologically active components

Apiaceae Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels, (Chinese Angelica, Chinese angelica) Phloj odicarpus sibiricus (Stephan ex.) Koso-Pol. (Angelica sibirica, Siberian Angelica)

Araliaceae Aralia racemosa L. (Aralia gen., American Spikenard)

Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Borstige Taiga root) Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. (Asian ginseng)

Asteraceae Rhaponticum carthamoides (Willd.) Hj in (Hirschwurzel)

Achillea asiatica serg. (Asian yarrow)

Achillea millefolium L. (Common Yarrow)

Arctium L. (Arctium gen., Genus of burdock, for example Arctium lappa L., large burdock)

Tussilago farfara L. (Coltsfoot) Taraxacum F.H.Wigg. (Taraxacum gen., E.g., Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg., Aggr., Common dandelion) Matricaria L. (Matricaria spp., Or Matricaria gen., Genus of chamomile, e.g., Matricaria recutita L., true chamomile).

Bidens L. (genus of the two-teeth, e.g., Bidens tripartita L., three-piece bidentate)

Calendula L. (genus of marigolds, eg Calendula officinalis L., true marigold)

Table 5 shows further exemplary plants which are particularly suitable for obtaining antiseptic active plant constituents.

Table 5: Examples of suitable plants for obtaining antiseptic active plant components

- Phloj odicarpus sibiricus (Steph. Ex Spreng.) Koso-Pol.

- Xanthium strumarium L.

- Chamerion angustifolium (L.) Holub

- Hypericum perforatum

- Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim.

- Ranunculus ace L.

- Cirsium arvense Scop.

- Impatiens noli-tangere L.

- Tragopogon orientalis C.

- Pyrola rotundifolia L.

- Caltha palustris L.

- Campanula glomerata L.

- Pertulaca oleracea L.

- Sphagnum

- Orthilia secunda (L.)

- Polygonatum odoratum (MiIl.)

- Echinacea

- Viola tricolor L.

Veronica longifolia L.

- Veronica Chamaedrys L.

- Veronica incana L.

- Callisia fragrans (Lindl.) Woodson

FIG. 2 shows a schematic plan view of a medical implant 12 which is shown in FIG. 1

Coating chamber 10 has been coated. Fig. 2 will be explained below in conjunction with Fig. 3, which shows a schematic sectional view of the medical implant 12 along the section line III-III shown in Fig. 2. As already mentioned, this is medical

Implant 12 formed in the present embodiment as a per se known, transurethral bladder catheter, the can be introduced via a urethra into a bladder of an animal or human patient and serves for permanent urinary diversion. It should be emphasized, however, that the medical implant 12 can basically also be designed as a stent, cannula, heart valve, joint prosthesis, cardiac pacemaker, screw, balloon, splint or the like and coated with the aid of the above-described method or the coating agent described above. The medical implant 12 is essentially made of a silicone and comprises a funnel extension 32 for connecting a urine bag and a supply line 36 closable with a valve 34. Furthermore, the implant 12 comprises an integrated balloon 38 for latching in the urinary bladder and an optionally removable tip 40 with an opening 42. It can be provided that the tip 40 is made of silver or coated with silver, whereby a further improved antiseptic effect can be ensured. In order to increase the service life of the medical implant 12 in the patient up to 6 months and more, includes the medical

Implant 12 applied with the aid of the method or coating agent, pharmacologically active coating 44. It can be provided that the implant 12 is provided at least in the region of its uncoated surface with barium iodide, which has antiseptic effect on the one hand and on the other hand as a contrast agent for quality control coating sorbed on the surface can be used. The barium iodide can either be integrated into the material of the implant 12 or applied as a functional layer on this. Furthermore, it can be provided that a plurality of possibly different coatings 44 are sorbed on the medical implant 12 in order to be able to represent complex and / or temporally graduated effects. In addition, provision may be made for one or more coatings 44 to be applied to the medical implant 12 with the aid of known dipping and / or spraying methods. For this purpose, the medical implant 12 is dipped into the respective coating agent or sprayed with it.

Further embodiments:

Table 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of a coating agent according to the invention for coating a medical implant. The composition comprises as main active ingredients the seven essential oils geranium oil, kanbuka oil, manuka oil, mint oil, neem oil,

Clove flower oil and niaouli oil as vegetable, biologically active components. It can be provided that the oils are selected taking into account their geographical origin in order to set targeted focus of action.

In addition, the coating agent comprises gum copal manila as a carrier and ethanol and dipropylene glycol as alcoholic solvents. Dipropylene glycol and geranium oil act as emulsifiers and ensure a homogeneous mixture of the various ingredients. This advantageously prolongs the shelf life and shelf life of the coating composition.

Table 6: Composition of the coating composition according to a further embodiment

Amount of content substance

4000 ml of ethanol 99, 9%

400 g of gum copal Mani Ia 100 ml of dipropylene glycol

100 ml geranium oil 100% (Pelargonium graveolens, China)

100 ml canoe oil 100% (kunzea ericoides, New Zealand)

100 ml 100% manuca oil (Leptospermum Σscorarium, New Zealand)

50 ml 100% mint oil (Mentha arvensis, China)

100 ml neem oil (Melia azadirachta)

100 ml clove flower oil 100% (eugenia caryophyllata, Indonesia)

75 ml Niaouli oil 100% (melaleuca viridiflora, Madagascar)

Alternatively or in addition to rubber Manila Kopal can for the coating composition of the invention also incense, myrrh, Benzoe Siam, Benzoe Sumatra, rubber Damar, rubber Elemi Manila, rubber Galbanum Iranian, Gujak resin, rubber

Asafoetida, gum arabic, gum mastic Levante, gum Myrrh Somalia, gum opoponax, gum sandarac, gum storax or other vegetable gums, resins or lacquers may be used as the carrier, although this list is not exhaustive.

The coating agent was applied by evaporation to a heavily loaded with microorganisms implant. Among the microorganisms present before application, there were, in particular, various tuberculosis pathogens such as

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium microti. The temperature of the heat source used in this case was set to the lowest possible value just sufficient for evaporation in order to reliably avoid undesired decomposition or oxidation of the various constituents of the coating composition. Instead of a heat source, the coating agent can also be dispersed with the aid of an ultrasonic atomizer. This has the advantage that no additional heat input takes place, whereby a particularly high chemical stability is ensured. It can also be provided that the liquid coating agent is applied manually or by machine to the surface in question and distributed thereon.

After the evaporation had ceased, it was not possible to detect any microorganisms capable of reproducing on the implant after 8 hours, so that it could be classified as "sterile".

Further embodiment:

Table 7 shows a further embodiment of the coating composition according to the invention.

In contrast to the previous exemplary embodiment, the coating composition comprises, in addition to the essential active ingredients camphor oil, St. John's wort oil, pine needle oil, geranium oil, mountain pine oil, mint oil, carnation flower oil and tea tree oil additionally crystalline camphor, which are used in principle instead of or in addition to camphor oil can. In addition, camphor oil and St. John's wort oil as well as camphor oil and neem oil can generally be exchanged for one another without any substantial loss of effectiveness.

Table 7: Composition of the coating composition according to a further exemplary embodiment

Amount of content substance

2000 ml of ethanol 99.9%

50 ml dipropylene glycol

200 g of rubber Kopal Manila 50 g Sandarac (real, in tears)

50 g of rubber Elemi Manila

15 g camphor (crystalline)

25 ml camphor oil / St. John's wort oil

50 ml Edeltannennadelöl 100% (abie £ 3 alba, Canada)

50 ml geranium oil 100% (Pelargonium graveolens, China)

50 ml mountain pine oil 100% (pinus mugo var. Pumilio, Canada)

50 ml 100% mint oil (Mentha arvensis, China)

50 ml clove flower oil 100% (eugenia caryophyllata, Indonesia)

50 ml Tea Tree Oil 100% (melaleuca alternifolia, Australia)

The effect of the coating agent is comparable to that according to the preceding embodiment.

Further embodiment:

According to a further embodiment, the coating agent comprises, as biologically active plant constituents, spruce needle oil, kanacca oil and manuka oil of approximately the same size, i. by no more than ± 10% of varying proportions by weight. Fichtennadelöl, Kanukaöl and Manukaöl can be replaced individually or in any combination by clove flower oil in a corresponding proportion by weight. Likewise, kanuka and manuka oils are interchangeable and usable in any relative mixing ratios for many applications.

The coating agent not only allows the formation of a microorganism repellent and re-bacterial growth-inhibiting layer, but is particularly effective hemostatic and promotes wound healing human and animal wound surfaces. The coating composition is therefore at the same time suitable for local wound treatment in humans and animals and can be prepared accordingly, for example as a wound treatment spray, as a dressing provided with the coating agent or the like. Apart from that, the coating agent is used for the direct coating of medical implants, it is irrelevant whether the implant is intended for temporary or permanent retention in the human or animal body.

A further improvement of the hemostatic properties of the coating composition is achieved by adding thereto a vegetable gum, a vegetable gum and / or a vegetable gum as a carrier. In particular, the use of gum copal manila has proven to be advantageous for local wound treatment, since in this case the vascular margins are firstly contracted by the essential oils and the wound surface is subsequently "glued" by the gum. Since all ingredients are natural or nature-identical, the coating has a high biocompatibility and is readily degradable by the body.

The coating agent may optionally comprise a solvent, preferably ethanol, in order to adjust its viscosity in a targeted manner.

Further embodiment:

In addition to the ingredients listed in connection with the preceding embodiment, the coating composition according to a further embodiment Geranium oil and / or Niaouliöl, wherein the respective weight fractions in the total weight of the composition are preferably between 0.4% and 2.8%. As a result, in the first place, the disinfecting properties of the coating agent can be further improved.

Further embodiment:

According to a further embodiment, the coating agent comprises geranium oil, cajeput oil, myrrh oil,

Manuka oil, canoe oil, lavender oil, lavandin oil and pine needle oil, each in approximately equal proportions by weight (± 10%). In addition, the coating agent comprises Kopal Manila and incense (resin) as a vehicle, and ethanol and dipropylene glycol as alcoholic solvents. Dipropylene glycol also acts as emulsifier in this example, which together with the geranium oil ensures a homogeneous mixture of the various ingredients and advantageously extends the shelf life and shelf life of the coating composition. Basically, however, geranium oil and

Dipropylene glycol may be independently provided to produce an emulsifying effect. However, the weights of the respective components can be varied according to the purpose of the composition.

The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description as well as in the exemplary embodiments are not only in the respectively indicated combination, but also in others

Combinations or alone, without departing from the scope of the invention. The parameter values specified in the documents for the definition of process and measurement conditions for the characterization of specific Characteristics of the subject invention are also within the scope of deviations - for example, due to measurement errors, system errors, Einwaagefehlern, DIN tolerances and the like - to be regarded as included in the scope of the invention.

Claims

Coating agent for coating a surface of a medical implant

claims

1. Coating agent for coating a surface of a medical implant (12), comprising at least one pharmacologically active component, characterized in that it comprises at least one fungal component and / or a plant component as a pharmacologically active component and at least one carrier means by which the at least one pharmacologically effective component to be sorbed on the surface of the medical implant (12).

2. Coating composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises ionic and / or colloidal and / or nanoscopic silver and / or copper.

3. Coating composition according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that this is a solvent, in particular water and / or ethanol and / or acetone and / or

2, 2 'dihydroxydipropyl ether and / or 1, 2-propanediol and / or polyethylene glycol and / or turpentine and / or Dichloromethane and / or diethyl ether and / or pentane and / or dimethyl sulfoxide and / or toluene and / or isopropanol.

Coating composition according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the carrier comprises a phosphate, in particular dicalcium phosphate, and / or stearic acid and / or silicic acid and / or a stearate and / or an alginate and / or a carbohydrate, in particular a monosaccharide, and or a biocompatible polymer, in particular a methacrylic polymer, and / or a polyvinylpyrrolidone and / or a lipid, in particular a wax, and / or a disaccharide and / or an oligosaccharide and / or a polysaccharide, and / or an iodine compound and / or a barium compound and / or a polypeptide, and / or a polyene, in particular a polyterpene.

Coating composition according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the carrier comprises one or more compounds from the group E100, E101, E103, E104, E105, E111, E121, E126, E128, E130, E132, E133, E140, E150a, E151, E152, E160, E161, E162, E163, E170, E174, E175, E180, E181, E200, E201, E202, E203, E233, E236, E237, E238, E260, E261, E262, E263, E270, E280, E281, E282, E290, E296, E297, E300, E301, E303, E305, E306, E307, E308, E309, E322, E325, E326, E327, E331, E332, E333, E334, E335, E336, E337, E350, E351, E352, E353, E354, E355, E356, E357, E363, E382, E400, E401, E402, E403, E404, E405, E406, E408, E410, E411, E413, E414, E420, E421, E422, E440, E460, E464, E470a, E470b, E471, E472, E472a, E472b, E472c, E473, E474, E475, E480, E481, E482, E501, E504, E507, E508, E509, E511, E513, E514, E515, E516, E524,

E525, E526, E528, E529, E530, E535, E536, E538, E551,

E552, E553b, E558, E570, E585, E640, E901, E902, E903,

E904, E914, E927, E938, E939, E941, E942, E948, E950,

E959, E1404, E1420, E1422.

6. Coating composition according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the carrier means is adapted to deliver the pharmacologically active component after implanting the medical implant (12) controlled.

7. Coating composition according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the at least one mushroom and / or plant component is physically, in particular by extraction and / or by distillation, separated from a fungus or a plant and / or a dried fungus or a dried plant and / or powdered mushroom or powdered plant.

8. A coating composition according to claim 7, characterized in that the fungus from the family Hymenochaetaceae and / or Polyporaceae and / or the plant from the family of Acanthaceae, Alliaceae, Apiaceae, Araliaceae, Asteraceae, Balsaminaceae, Betulaceae, Brassicaceae, Burseraceae, Campanulaceae , Cistaceae, Commelinaceae, Crassulaceae, Cupressaceae, Dennstaedtiaceae, Droseraceae, Echinaceae, Equisetaceae, Ericaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Hamamelidaceae, Hypericaceae, Lamiaceae, Linaceae, Meliaceae, Myrtaceae, Onagraceae, Paeoniaceae, Papaveraceae, Pinaceae, Plantaginaceae, Polygonaceae, Portulacaceae, Pyrolaceae , Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, Ruscaceae, Rutaceae, Saxifragaceae, Sphagnaceae, Tilliaceae, Urticaceae, Valerianaceae or Violaceae.

A method of coating a surface of a medical implant (12) comprising the steps of: a) disposing the medical implant (12) in a coating chamber (10); b) generating a negative pressure within the coating chamber (10); c) introducing a coating agent according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the coating chamber

(10); and d) sorbing at least a portion of the coating agent on the surface of the medical implant (12).

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that the negative pressure in step b) to a value between 25 mbar and 10 ^{~ 7} mbar, in particular between 1 mbar and 10 ^" mbar, is set.

11. The method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the medical implant (12) is surface-modified before step c).

12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the surface of the medical implant (12) by means of electrons and / or electromagnetic Radiation, in particular microwaves, and / or plasma is roughened.

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that prior to step c), in particular during and / or after the surface modification, again a negative pressure within the coating chamber (10) is generated.

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the coating agent is introduced in step c) through a nozzle (24) in the coating chamber (10).

15. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that at least part of the coating agent and / or the medical implant (12) during and / or after step c) tempered in the coating chamber (10), in particular by means of microwaves and / or or IR radiation is heated.

16. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that at least part of the coating agent during and / or after step c), in particular by means of ultrasound, in the coating chamber (10) is dispersed.

17. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 16, characterized in that at least steps b) to d) repeatedly with the same coating agent and / or with different coating agents are performed.

18. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 17, characterized in that after step d) in a further step e) again a negative pressure for a predetermined period of time within the coating chamber (10) is generated.

19. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 18, characterized in that the coating chamber (10) after step d) and / or optionally step e) in a further step f) is preferably aerated with a sterile gas.

20. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 19, characterized in that in step a) a medical implant (12) is used with a surface comprising an iodine compound and / or a barium compound.

21. Medical implant (12) with a pharmacologically active coating (44), characterized in that the pharmacologically active coating (44) comprises a coating agent according to one of claims 1 to 8 and / or by means of a method according to one of claims 9 to 20 is sorbed on a surface of the medical implant (12).

22. Medical implant (12) according to claim 21, characterized in that this for the permanent and / or the temporary Whereabouts in a body of a living being, in particular a mammal, is formed.

23. A medical implant (12) according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that it is used as a stent and / or catheter and / or cannula and / or heart valve and / or joint prosthesis and / or pacemaker and / or screw and / or balloon and / or rail is formed.

24. A medical implant (12) according to any one of claims 21 to 23, characterized in that it comprises under the pharmacologically active coating (44) comprises an iodine compound and / or a barium compound functional layer.

25 coating chamber (10) for coating a medical implant (12), characterized in that it is designed to be evacuated and gastight closable and a holding device (14) for arranging at least one medical implant (12) and at least one valve (18b) comprises by which a coating composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8 in the coating chamber (10) can be introduced.