EP2294679A1 - Générateur électromoteur linéaire - Google Patents

Générateur électromoteur linéaire

Info

Publication number
EP2294679A1
EP2294679A1 EP08774663A EP08774663A EP2294679A1 EP 2294679 A1 EP2294679 A1 EP 2294679A1 EP 08774663 A EP08774663 A EP 08774663A EP 08774663 A EP08774663 A EP 08774663A EP 2294679 A1 EP2294679 A1 EP 2294679A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnets
linear generator
magnet
pair
magnetic
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08774663A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Max BÉDERT
Diego Bono
Erich VON NIEDERHÄUSERN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lightlite GmbH
Original Assignee
Lightlite GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lightlite GmbH filed Critical Lightlite GmbH
Publication of EP2294679A1 publication Critical patent/EP2294679A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K53/00—Alleged dynamo-electric perpetua mobilia

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electromotive linear generator according to the preamble of claim 1. Furthermore, this invention relates to a use of such an electromotive linear generator.
  • Electromotive generators also referred to as dynamos, are based on the long-known phenomenon that a voltage is induced in a movement of a magnet across an electrical conductor in this.
  • Claim 1 are known per se.
  • published US patent application no. 2003/0197433 A1 discloses an electric power generator with coupled permanent magnets movable inside wire windings. In this case, pairs of permanent magnets between pairs of coils are linearly moved. The two magnets of a pair are arranged at a fixed distance from each other and secured together by means of a non-magnetic or magnetic spacer. From the publication, nothing can be learned about the influence of the material of the spacer.
  • the two magnets of a pair can be arranged opposite to each other or the same pole.
  • gegenpoliger arrangement is the north pole N of a magnet of the south pole S of the other magnet opposite, and at gleichpoliger arrangement each of the same poles are facing each other, i. SN-NS or NS-SN.
  • the present invention has set itself the task to fundamentally improve the described solutions of the linear generators and to provide a very powerful generator that is universally applicable, ranging from extremely small designs to large-scale power generation.
  • it should be achieved that the machine to be created loses as little energy as possible, i. It is desirable that the magnetic field propagates as little as possible into the environment of the generator.
  • inventive generator is defined in the characterizing part of claim 1. Particular and preferred embodiments form the subject of the dependent claims. The inventive use forms the subject of the second independent claim.
  • FIG. 10 Another important feature is the material of the optionally present spacer between the magnet pairs of the same polarity of a pair of magnets, which will be described in more detail below. It is necessary to use a magnetically non-conductive material for this purpose. The reason for this measure can be taken from Fig. 10 of the accompanying drawings. In this drawing, on the left side, a system of two magnets 18 and 18 'connected in the same pole via a spacer 3ON is shown. On the right side, the two magnets 18 and 18 'are separated by a spacer 3OL of magnetically conductive material, e.g. Soft iron or mumetal, connected.
  • a spacer 3OL of magnetically conductive material
  • the invention further makes it possible to use the linear generator according to the invention universally without causing magnetic or electrical disturbances in the environment. Now, the use of a linear generator as a voltage and current source in magnetically sensitive environment is possible, for example in mobile phones, magnetic bank cards, access baths, etc.
  • the simplest form of the generator according to the invention is a single-coil linear generator.
  • a double permanent magnet in which either the north pole or the south poles of two bar magnets are attached to each other
  • has the shape of an optionally flattened cylinder inside a correspondingly shaped cylindrical tube which carries a wire winding on the outer circumference, which forms a coil
  • the said electrical conductor is thus designed as a coil.
  • Another form is that of a multi-magnet arrangement and / or multi-coil arrangement in which two or more permanent Magnet pairs are connected by a yoke-like component, so that a comb-like structure is formed.
  • Each of these magnet pairs can move linearly in both directions inside the coils along a limited, predetermined path.
  • each coil can be composed of a plurality of individual coils, which are arranged along the displacement path of the permanent magnet pairs.
  • inventive linear generator when the electrical conductor is realized as a printed circuit in a plurality of superimposed planes; such "printed" coils are known per se. Here a particularly crowded construction is achieved.
  • the generator can also be designed as a ring arrangement, which is presented in detail in the following description. Such arrangements are the most preferred implementation of the invention because they provide far the highest performance.
  • Magnets - which is understood in this document in each case a pair of permanent magnets composed of the same polarity - are variable within wide limits. Very small magnets are needed if you want to use them for power generation in cell phones ("cell phones"), in car keys, in small flashlights, etc. Medium-sized magnets can be used in shock absorbers of automobiles and other vehicles. Such magnetic shock absorbers, which are known per se, can generate power when driving a vehicle on uneven ground, see e.g. U.S. Patent Application No. 2006/0125325. Deviating from these shock absorbers can also be used to support the shock absorption by the coils are short-circuited.
  • Rotary generators according to the invention can replace all currently known rotary generators (dynamos), which provides the advantages of a simple design, freedom from maintenance and higher efficiency everywhere.
  • dynamos rotary generators
  • a great advantage of the present invention is the fact that the magnetic shield remains permanently effective, so that there is no longer a danger that the magnetic fields act on the environment and cause disturbances there.
  • Wire coils must interact with the magnets, basically the same thing that has already been done on the magnets.
  • the wire coils are arranged so that they lie as far as possible in the combined magnetic field of the magnet pairs during the linear movement of these magnets.
  • the coils may surround the bar magnets in a cylindrical shape or be designed as cylindrically arranged partial coils. It is also possible to form the coils centrally and cylindrically and to use pairs of ring magnets, which are movable axially and perpendicular to the coils.
  • the shielding constitutes an important feature of the invention. As already mentioned, in the prior art there is no
  • the invention now provides, along the displacement path of the magnet pairs, in accordance with the invention with the same pole with each other are arranged to arrange shields which surround the generator and which protect the environment from the magnetism of the permanent magnets and the wire spools.
  • Magnetic shields are known per se.
  • certain metals have proven useful, in particular soft iron and iron-nickel alloys, which may contain other alloying constituents such as molybdenum.
  • the so-called mumetal is an effective magnetic shielding material.
  • the magnetic shielding of the linear generator according to the invention does not only function as intended, but additionally a concentration of the magnetic field lines within the shield, i. a gain of the magnetic field causes. It has been found that in linear generators, in which simple permanent magnets or pairs of antipolar connected magnets move (ie in corresponding linear generators of the prior art), and which are insulated with Mumetallhülsen, gradually enters a polarization of the Mumetalls. At the same time the shielding effect decreases and can be completely lost. These undesirable phenomena do not occur in the case of the linear generator according to the invention. For details, see below.
  • the magnetic shielding of a linear generator is usually carried out in the form of a cylindrical sleeve whose wall thickness is adapted to the strength of the magnetic field to be shielded. This can be determined by simple experiments that also take into account the desired degree of shielding. In this case, the sleeve casing does not need to be completely closed and can leave those areas open where shielding is not required.
  • Linear generators should be adapted to the intended use. Of course, first of all the dimensions and the required or desired performance are to be set. It is then necessary to consider whether a single Linear element or a group arrangement is more suitable, wherein a group consists of a plurality of independently operating linear generators or magnetic pairs, which can sit on a yoke and are moved in this case together. For details, see below.
  • the end stop of the magnets that move in the coils can be designed as a mechanical suspension or as the same direction polarized end magnet, which may be a permanent magnet or an electromagnet.
  • the field strength of the end magnets must be matched to the speed, mass and dimensions of the working magnets. All this can be determined by simple experiments and lies in the knowledge and ability of the skilled person.
  • the magnets are rod-shaped, straight permanent magnets, cylindrical
  • composition of two or more magnets with poles of the same name is not easy, as continuous high repulsive
  • the magnets can be interconnected by overcoming these forces. So you can use high performance adhesive and / or mechanical aids for connection.
  • the magnets can be drilled longitudinally and a threaded bolt inserted into each bore. The magnets can be riveted together. It is possible to settle the two end regions to be joined and to strengthen the connection with the adhesive by means of a sleeve which extends over both offset end regions and is glued or welded there. Very important is the connection of the two poles of the same name with the interposition of a spacer made of a non-magnetic material; this facilitates assembly. In addition, this intermediate layer protects the two magnets from mutual weakening or demagnetization. A negative effect on the external magnetic forces was not detected, rather a slight increase, since the interaction of the two homonymous magnetic poles is reduced.
  • the present invention relates to a relative movement between the magnet and coil; so the magnets can also be fixed, in which case the coils are movable; this is e.g. in the case of shock absorbers or other similar arrangements. Also, it is not necessary for the magnets to move inside the coils; Namely, it is possible to use annular magnets in which coils move linearly, or in that the ring magnets execute linear movements via fixed coils.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a vertical axial section of the simplest type of a linear generator according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 a linear generator according to the prior art with a single magnet in a schematic sectional view as in Fig. 1;
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically a vertical axial section of a simple design of the linear generator according to the invention with the pair of magnets at the top;
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically a vertical axial section of a simple design of the linear generator according to the invention, analogous to FIG. 3, but with the magnet pair in the middle position;
  • FIG. 5 shows schematically a vertical axial section of a simple design of the linear generator according to the invention analogously to FIG. 3, but with the pair of magnets below;
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically a vertical axial section of an arrangement with a plurality of magnet pairs on a yoke.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B show a first embodiment of a linear generator with ring magnets and toroidal coils in longitudinal section (FIG. 7A) and in cross section (FIG. 7B) along the line VIIB-VIIB in FIG. 7A;
  • FIG. 8 shows schematically a longitudinal section of a second
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation of two permanent magnets connected in the same pole with spacers made of different materials.
  • a longitudinal section of an inventive linear generator 10 is shown schematically, and in this case the section is guided axially.
  • the individual parts of the generator are not true to scale.
  • a hollow cylindrical sleeve 14 which is made of Mumetall and acts as a magnetic shield, there is a wire winding coil 12, the lead wires, not shown, lead to the outside.
  • a further hollow cylindrical sleeve is provided inside the coil 12, in which a pair of magnets 18 can swing in the direction of the double arrow 28.
  • the sleeve 16 is made for example of plastic or other magnetically totally permeable material.
  • the pair of magnets 18 consists of a lower magnet 22 and an upper magnet 20.
  • the two magnets which consist of a highly magnetic permanent magnet material, are connected at their two north poles N, N with insertion of an intermediate layer 30 of a magnetic nonconductor fixedly and over the entire surface.
  • the sleeve 16 is provided at the bottom with a lower braking and holding magnet 26.
  • the magnet pair 18 ie the working magnet
  • it is braked at one end by one of the two brake magnets 24, 26 and forced to stop and reverse.
  • the two fixed end magnets are mounted with pole change, when in Fig. 1, the working magnet is inserted with the north pole upwards.
  • the linear generator according to Fig. 1 - and also after the other following figures - is shown vertically. But it can also be operated horizontally and at any other angle.
  • FIG. 2 shows a linear generator according to the prior art in a very similar sectional view as in FIG. 1.
  • the sleeve 16 around which the coil 12 is placed, oscillates the permanent magnet 18 'along the double arrow 28.
  • the here also present end magnets for braking and stopping the magnet 18' are not shown.
  • a linear generator according to the invention in section and schematically analogous Fig. 1 and 2 is shown.
  • the double magnet 18 is in its upper end position.
  • the magnetic lines of force are compressed and much denser and almost all run inside the shield 14, in which the elementary magnets have randomly arranged, whereby the shielding effect of the sleeve 14 is still intact. Since the coil 12 is cut by much more lines of force in the movement of the double magnet 18, a much higher voltage in the coil 12 can be induced, and it can also take the coil 12, a higher current; not only the voltage, but also the power of the linear generator are greater by a factor than in the device according to FIG. 2. This factor was determined by measurements of at least 5 in the realized generators. It is expected that much higher factors can be achieved.
  • FIG. 4 in which the device according to the present invention is reproduced quite analogously to FIG. 3, the double magnet 18 being approximately in the middle of the sleeve 16.
  • FIG. 5 in an analogous representation to Figs. 3 and 4, the lower end position of the working magnet 18 is shown.
  • the elementary magnets 34 in the metal of the mumetal shielding sleeve 14 are permanently depolarized during movement and always remain disordered, so that complete and effective shielding of the magnetic field of the double magnet 18 is achieved.
  • power line stagnation causes more lines of force to be passed through the winding 12 than in the prior art linear generator, i. the induced voltage is multiplied and the available current is increased.
  • a second embodiment of the inventive linear generator is shown schematically in section. Also designate here the same reference numerals as in the preceding figures, the same or similar elements.
  • three working magnets 18A to 18C each consisting of two rod-shaped permanent magnets having a rectangular or square cross section, which are gleichpolig with an intermediate layer 30 composed of a non-magnetic material is provided.
  • These working magnets 18 sit axially parallel and in Fig. 6 with the north poles up and down at the same height on a yoke 34, for example made of plastic.
  • the whole is surrounded by a shield 14 of mummy metal or soft iron, which is not a circular cylindrical sleeve, but a sleeve with an oval cross-section in this embodiment.
  • the whole arrangement with the three working magnets 18 acts on a movement of the latter on the coil 12 and induces a very strong current there.
  • the magnets 18 are shown as standing in a plane next to each other. They can also be arranged on a closed path, such as a circle circumference.
  • Figs. 7A and 7B show such an embodiment with a circular cross-section.
  • a ring magnet pair 18R is attached to a yoke 34.
  • a ring winding 12 In the ring 19 is a ring winding 12.
  • the center of the generator is occupied by a cylindrical pair of permanent magnets 18Z.
  • the annular arrangement is surrounded by a ring-cylindrical shield 14. Again, all magnet pairs can move together in two directions in the sense of the double arrow 28. Also, in this structure, it is conceivable that the ring magnet 18R is actually formed of an array of a plurality of bar magnets.
  • a substantially annular structure can be formed, which basically has similar properties as the illustrated ring magnet 18R.
  • the embodiment of the linear generator shown in FIG. 7A is shown in cross-section in FIG. 7B, the sectional plane being defined by the line VIIB-VIIB in FIG. 7A.
  • a further very advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in longitudinal section, which is particularly suitable for small and very inexpensive to produce generators, since it requires only a few parts.
  • This embodiment is basically an annular generator. Inside a hollow cylindrical shield 14, a first outer ring magnet 50 and at a distance equal sized second outer ring magnet 52 is arranged. Inside the annular space of the two outer ring magnets at least one annular wire coil 12 is attached; in Fig. 8, only one such coil is shown, although of course several such coils can be provided as needed.
  • a cylindrical permanent magnet pair consisting of the magnets 18 and 18 ', which are connected to each other via a spacer 30 of a magnetic non-conductor with the same pole.
  • This pair of magnets moves in the directions indicated by the double arrow 28.
  • the inner magnets 18, 18 ' can be omitted, since the diametrically opposed magnetic poles (from right to left: SNS, NSN, NSN, SNS) by attraction and repulsion always perfect alignment of the inner magnets 18 and 18' cause.
  • this embodiment of the linear generator also works satisfactorily and without interference when the outer ring magnets 50, 52 are replaced by a hollow cylinder of soft iron. Due to its properties, this hollow cylinder of soft iron immediately becomes magnetically conductive, so that the magnetic field emanating from the inner magnets 18, 18 'can propagate over it. Over time, this material is also slightly magnetized, so that the effect of the magnetic field emanating from the inner magnets 18, 18 'is thereby slightly enhanced. Finally, in an equivalent way, the two inner magnets 18, 18 'are replaced by elements made of soft iron, wherein the effect of the generator would not change significantly as described above.
  • the air gap between the magnets and the winding or windings can be much smaller than with "flat"
  • the individual magnets should also be relatively long in comparison to their diameters, in order to minimize stray losses due to field lines extending from one pole of a magnet to the other pole of the same magnet.
  • FIG. 9 shows a longitudinal section of a further embodiment of the linear generator according to the invention. Again, this is a ring generator in which - with the exception of end magnets - only ring magnets are used. Basically, the embodiment of FIG. 9 may be viewed as a juxtaposition of the individual elements shown in FIG. 8.
  • the outer shell of the generator consists of a shield 14, which is designed as a hollow cylinder and is attached to a disk-shaped base plate 40. Another disc 42 is provided at a distance from the base plate 40 and parallel thereto; between the two discs 40, 42 are end magnets 24A as a ring magnet and 24B as a rod or disc magnet.
  • a plurality of outer ring magnets 44 are mounted, in such a way that the same magnetic poles face each other; in Fig. 9 follow the poles of the five ring magnets shown after the arrangement SN-NS-SN-NS-SN successive.
  • Between each pair of ring magnets 44 is a spacer ring 30 made of a magnetic non-conductor, which is attached to the yoke 34.
  • the yoke 34 has a central cylindrical bolt 35, to which in turn five ring magnets 46 are fastened, the outer diameter of which is substantially smaller than the inner diameter of the ring magnets 44, leaving room for wire windings 12.
  • nine coils 12 are provided. These coils 12 are attached to a coil holder 48 which is annular cylindrical and is fixedly connected to the disc 42 and the base plate 40.
  • the five inner ring magnets 46 are arranged as the outer ring magnets 44 with gleichpoliger sequence, but which is offset from the sequence of outer magnets 44: NS-SN-NS-SN-NS. This results in the movement of the arrangement of 10 ring magnet relative to the nine coils 12 a favorable field line course and an even higher performance.
  • this embodiment also has the advantage that a simplified circuit of the coil outputs is possible due to the synchronicity of the movement of the magnets.
  • a rectifier would be necessary for each coil before these coil outputs could be switched together. Thanks to the synchronous movement of all magnets, the voltages of several coils can be rectified by a rectifier. Thus, the price of a circuit is significantly reduced, which in turn allows a wider use of the inventive generators.
  • an alternating voltage is produced whose period is equal to the frequency of the magnetic movement.
  • the amplitude of the AC voltage is a function of the particular design and the length of the travel of the working magnets with respect to the length of the coil. It will be required in the use of the linear generators described usually a rectifier and a voltage and current buffer in the form of a Provide capacitor. Of course, the generated power can naturally be collected in a charge storage such as battery or supercapacitor.
  • the new linear generator according to the invention can be used in a variety of ways, wherever a device requires power and at the same time is moved mechanically. Its field of application extends from the smallest device, such as a wristwatch and a mobile phone, over medium-sized applications such as shock absorbers on vehicles to the largest installations such as wave power plants and dynamos for ships. In this case, the cylindrical shape shown in the above examples can be left in favor of better suitable shapes; in mobile phones, for example, you will eventually plate this described cylinder for reasons of space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un générateur électromoteur linéaire, comprenant au moins un aimant de travail (18) placé dans au moins un bobinage (12), capable d'effectuer un mouvement d'aller-retour (28). L'aimant de travail est composé de deux aimants permanents (20, 22), dont les pôles de même nom sont assemblés par superposition de leur surface, et éventuellement séparés l'un de l'autre par un disque (30) constituée d'un matériau magnétiquement non conducteur. L'ensemble aimants et bobinage (n) est entouré à l'extérieur par un blindage en mumétal. On obtient un rendement particulièrement élevé lorsque lesdits aimants permanents à pôles orientés dans le même sens dans le générateur et les bobinages présentent une configuration annulaire, dans laquelle les aimants annulaires sont superposés aux bobinages annulaires. La tension induite et l'intensité du courant sont multipliées du fait que le champ magnétique du ou des aimants de travail est renforcé et concentré sur le bobinage.
EP08774663A 2008-07-02 2008-07-02 Générateur électromoteur linéaire Withdrawn EP2294679A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2008/058529 WO2010000316A1 (fr) 2008-07-02 2008-07-02 Générateur électromoteur linéaire

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2294679A1 true EP2294679A1 (fr) 2011-03-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08774663A Withdrawn EP2294679A1 (fr) 2008-07-02 2008-07-02 Générateur électromoteur linéaire

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP2294679A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2010000316A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (9)

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DE102010033934B4 (de) 2010-05-28 2018-05-09 Roland Stieb Energieumwandlungssystem
US8907505B2 (en) 2011-08-03 2014-12-09 Energy Harvesters Llc Method and apparatus for generating electrical energy
DE102012020436B4 (de) 2012-10-18 2018-09-20 Audi Ag Elektrischer Dämpfer für ein Kraftfahrzeug
AU2014203708B1 (en) 2014-07-07 2015-06-18 Paul Vincent Hampton Movement generating device
KR102640659B1 (ko) * 2017-01-19 2024-02-26 엘지전자 주식회사 카메라 모듈 및 카메라 장치
CN109217731A (zh) * 2018-08-01 2019-01-15 昆明理工大学 一种基于液滴振荡的发电装置
DE102018133002A1 (de) * 2018-12-20 2020-06-25 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Generator
AT523096B1 (de) * 2019-11-12 2021-11-15 Speech Proc Solutions Gmbh Spannungserzeugungsvorrichtung
CN113270986A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-17 南京金崎新能源动力研究院有限公司 一种螺旋形动子磁场调制横向磁通永磁直线发电机

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US20030048011A1 (en) * 2001-08-21 2003-03-13 Alexander Kashkarov Magneto-electric machine of linear type
US6798090B2 (en) * 2002-04-18 2004-09-28 Rockwell Scientific Licensing, Llc Electrical power generation by coupled magnets
DE10242141A1 (de) * 2002-09-03 2004-03-18 Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. Freikolben-Verbrennungsvorrichtung mit elektrischem Lineartrieb
JP2005143281A (ja) * 2003-11-07 2005-06-02 Akimori Taniguchi スライド磁石式回転発電装置
EP1841049B1 (fr) * 2006-03-28 2012-08-15 Infineon Technologies AG Micro-générateur électromagnétique

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2010000316A1 (fr) 2010-01-07

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