EP2293286A1 - Watch with integrated chromatic tuner - Google Patents
Watch with integrated chromatic tuner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2293286A1 EP2293286A1 EP09169640A EP09169640A EP2293286A1 EP 2293286 A1 EP2293286 A1 EP 2293286A1 EP 09169640 A EP09169640 A EP 09169640A EP 09169640 A EP09169640 A EP 09169640A EP 2293286 A1 EP2293286 A1 EP 2293286A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- note
- notes
- timepiece
- frequency
- portable timepiece
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000001256 tonic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B47/00—Time-pieces combined with other articles which do not interfere with the running or the time-keeping of the time-piece
- G04B47/06—Time-pieces combined with other articles which do not interfere with the running or the time-keeping of the time-piece with attached measuring instruments, e.g. pedometer, barometer, thermometer or compass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
- G04G21/00—Input or output devices integrated in time-pieces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B19/00—Indicating the time by visual means
- G04B19/04—Hands; Discs with a single mark or the like
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- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04G—ELECTRONIC TIME-PIECES
- G04G99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10G—REPRESENTATION OF MUSIC; RECORDING MUSIC IN NOTATION FORM; ACCESSORIES FOR MUSIC OR MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. SUPPORTS
- G10G7/00—Other auxiliary devices or accessories, e.g. conductors' batons or separate holders for resin or strings
- G10G7/02—Tuning forks or like devices
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chromatic tuner for musical instruments, measuring the sound frequency produced by the instrument to be tuned, and displaying on a watch magnitudes characterizing the accuracy of the tuning, for example a wristwatch.
- tuners In order to guarantee the correctness of the accuracy of the note independently of parameters altering the characteristics of a tuning fork, such as humidity and temperature, there are now electronic tuners, whose precision is finer to determine the frequency to associate with a note. These tuners contain on the one hand a microphone, converting the acoustic signal into an electrical signal, and a digital display device indicating the closest note and the accuracy of this note according to the detected acoustic signal and the signal. electric obtained.
- tuners are calibrated on a fixed reference frequency, typically 440Hz; others can however be set to a neighboring frequency in order to adapt the sound of the instrument to particular acoustic conditions, such as the resonance properties of a building or a concert hall.
- a disadvantage of portable electronic color tuners is that they are often relatively bulky, and the musician may forget them or lose them. Moreover, the digital display does not allow an intuitive reading of the indications provided, especially with respect to the accuracy of the note and the settings, both during the calibration operation and during the tuning itself. There is therefore a need for a chromatic tuner free of these limitations of the prior art.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a chromatic tuner built into a portable device regularly available to musicians.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a chromatic tuner that allows easier reading and tuning of the frequencies obtained during tuning and the calibration frequency.
- An advantage of the proposed solution is to allow the integration of a chromatic tuner in a watch, which allows musicians who need a tuner not to require instruments apart, and to have moreover this tool at hand almost continuously, as often as the watch that contains it is worn.
- Another advantage of the proposed solution is to allow an easier reading of the results of the tuning with the needles of the watch on which the tuner is integrated.
- the invention relates to a portable timepiece, typically a wristwatch, but for example also a pendant, a pocket watch, or any other portable time display device, with an integrated chromatic tuner that uses one or more several hands of the watch, usually dedicated to the display of the current time.
- a timepiece therefore implicitly comprises a tuning mode distinct from the usual display mode hours, and wherein at least one of the needles is no longer used for this purpose.
- the tuner comprises an electronic module for calculating the value of the sound frequencies emitted by the instrument to be tuned, and this value and the accuracy of this frequency with respect to notes of a range, for example the temperate range (do, do #, re, re #, mi, fa, fa #, sol, sol #, la, the #, if, for which the reference frequency is that of the at 440Hz) is displayed on the timepiece.
- a range for example the temperate range (do, do #, re, re #, mi, fa, fa #, sol, sol #, la, the #, if, for which the reference frequency is that of the at 440Hz) is displayed on the timepiece.
- the Anglo-Saxon notation for the temperate range corresponds to the notes “la” the value A, “if” the value B, “do” the value C, “re” the value D, “mi” the value E, “fa “the value F and” ground “the value G, as will be seen later on the display devices according to preferred embodiments of the invention.
- Those skilled in the art will understand that it is conceivable to adapt the integrated tuner according to the invention to any type of range (natural, Pythagorean) and any tonic system.
- the figure 1 illustrates the logical and functional elements of the electronic device 100 used in the context of a preferred embodiment of the invention.
- the electronic device 100 firstly comprises an acoustic signal sensor 101, that is to say a microphone, which thus captures the acoustic waves of the external medium.
- the received electroacoustic signal 10 is then transmitted to signal processing means 102, which transforms the electroacoustic signal 10 of the microphone into a pulse train 108, whose changes of state are caused by sign changes of the electroacoustic signal 10. microphone.
- the pulse train 108 is therefore a binary signal, as opposed to the electroacoustic signal 10 which is an analog signal.
- the signal processing means 102 consist of a filter 1021, which eliminates frequency components outside a determined signal bandwidth.
- the signal 10 is then transmitted to an amplifier 1022 and a comparator 1023, such as for example a hysteresis comparator of the Schmitt Trigger type.
- the pulse train 108 is transmitted to one of the input / output interfaces of a microcontroller 103, the whole of which is referenced by the number 115 for the sake of simplification.
- the microcontroller 103 also has at least one output for delivering a supply current 106 of the signal processing means 102, a battery 107, a crystal oscillator 104, typically 32KHz and whose frequency is temperature compensated and periodically corrected by inhibition.
- the microcontroller 103 also incorporates an RC oscillator 105 preferably of 4 MHz, which makes it possible to switch the clock of the processor 113 of the microcontroller 103 to a faster frequency when long calculations or rapid measurements have to be made, mainly during the activation of the tuner function.
- the electronic device 100 further comprises user interface means 112, consisting for example of the preferred embodiments of the invention illustrated in particular by the Figures 3 and 4 , push buttons (referenced 16, 17, 18 in these figures).
- user interface means 112 may however also consist of a crown rod (referenced for example on the Figures 5 to 7 by the number 9), or a touch screen, the latter variant is however not illustrated.
- These user interface means 112 make it possible to interact with the user in particular to request a change of mode, to make adjustments and to validate these adjustments, as will be seen later. They interact on an input / output interface 115 of the microcontroller 103.
- the electronic device 100 furthermore comprises, according to the preferred embodiment illustrated by the figure 1 , a motor module 114 composed of at least one bi-directional motor, associated with analog display means 111.
- the analog display means 111 comprise at least one independent needle for displaying information on the received signal, the needle being either hours 3 or minutes 2, as will be seen on the Figures 3 to 7 which illustrate different display devices according to various embodiments of the invention.
- Timepiece 1 with integrated chromatic tuner includes fully analog display systems, or hybrid with partially digital display. These embodiments are illustrated respectively by the Figures 3 and 4 which will be described later in this document.
- the motor module 114 of the electronic device 100 acts independently on the two hands of the hours 3 and minutes 2 of the timepiece 1 to respectively give information on the note identified for the electroacoustic signal 10, and information on the accuracy with respect to this note.
- the partially digital display system the note itself is displayed numerically, and not with a needle, for example on a liquid crystal display (LCD), which is a digital display means preferred.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- These digital display means are illustrated by reference 116 on the figure 4 in particular, which illustrates a preferred embodiment of the invention using this type of hybrid display.
- These digital display means 116 can, however, also provide other information, such as the accuracy with respect to the note identified, and this information can also be corroborated by the presence of one or more hands on the dial 4 of the watch for a more intuitive reading.
- the figure 2 illustrates the process of identifying notes and their correctness according to a preferred variant of the chromatic tuner of the invention.
- the RC oscillator 105 is first calibrated in a step 201, because the frequency thereof varies over time as a function of the supply voltage and the temperature.
- the calibration consists in counting the number of clock strokes of the oscillator RC 105 in a time window set by the period of a signal derived from the base clock 104 compensated in temperature. Calibration is carried out periodically, for example at seconds 3 and 33, in order to ensure stability of the frequency measurement of the acoustic signal. Oscillator calibration results in the correction factor to compensate for the frequencies determined during the note identification process.
- Step 202 consists of the execution, by the microcontroller 103, not represented on the figure 2 of a process for measuring the binary signal 108 obtained at the output of the electroacoustic signal processing means 102, by counting the time between each rising edge of this signal 102 and successively memorizing each period of the signal 22 in the data memory 109
- the periods acquired by the microcontroller form the series 231, which is then compared with a threshold, initially defined for example by the maximum value of the series 231, during step 2031.
- the indices of the samples whose value is greater than threshold then form the reduced series 232, between which the duration between each element is calculated during step 2032.
- These durations form the series 233, which is sorted during step 2033 in ascending order to form the series 234 .
- the identification step 204 of the fundamental period of the electroacoustic signal 10 is then determined by searching for a periodic relation between the elements of the series 234.
- the process starts from the smallest element of the series and then searches for multiples of this element while traversing the series in ascending order.
- Each element of the series is divided by increasing whole numbers until approaching the smallest element. As soon as an element of the series approaches a multiple of this smallest element, then this element is considered to be the fundamental period of the signal; if on the other hand no multiple is found the process is reiterated with the next element of the series until finding a periodic relation in the series.
- Step 2041 is to verify that a fundamental period has been identified, if so the result 24 is subject to the correction factor 25 to deliver the measured period 26, otherwise the threshold used in step 2031 is compared at half the value of the initial threshold, during step 2034 and then decremented by a predefined value, for example 10, at step 2035 to determine the new threshold to be used during a new iteration of the process of extraction of the fundamental frequency 203, which will thus repeat all the previous steps from 2031 with the new threshold.
- the threshold should be less than half the initial threshold after step 2034, the process of identifying the fundamental frequency 203 is completed in step 206, and no frequency has been identified. The process of extracting the fundamental frequency 203 is therefore failing at step 206.
- the measured period 26 is compared, at the step 207, with values of periods corresponding to musical notes, which are saved in the memory 109.
- This table 21 values of musical notes makes it possible to determine, by comparison, the nearest note 11 in a discrete manner.
- the display of the analysis results of the frequency of the acoustic signal is done at least partially in a discrete manner, since the displayed result must correspond to one of the periods saved in the table of the periods corresponding to musical notes .
- the precision is indicated with respect to the frequency difference of one semitone, since the difference between the different identifiable notes is always a semitone. It therefore extends from a quarter of a ton to a quarter of a ton higher. This accuracy is preferably indicated by a percentage between -50 and + 50%.
- the figure 3 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a timepiece 1 according to the invention, provided with only analog means for displaying information on the electroacoustic signal 10 received by the microphone of the integrated chromatic tuner.
- the timepiece is here a wristwatch provided with a minute hand 2 and hours 3, which constitute the analog display means 111 mentioned above and illustrated on the figure 1 .
- the watch is also provided with a bezel 5 and a dial 4, at the edge of which is a scale of notes 6, consisting of the notes Ab, A, Bb, B, C, Db, D, Eb, E, F, Gb and G which make up the 12 notes of the temperate scale, one for each semitone.
- the display mode chosen according to this variant is chosen in flat, it is possible however also to consider the display of all the notes in hash (#), in which case the scale 6 would read G #, A, A #, B, C, C #, D, D #, E, F, F #, G. It can be seen that the scale of the notes 6 includes a blank flag 61, which indicates that no notes could be identified. This indicator 61 will thus be used when step 206, illustrated in FIG. figure 2 , will have been done; it can also be on a position of the dial 4, or the telescope 5, independent of the one used for the scale of the notes 6.
- the scale of the notes 6 is arranged opposite the minute hand 2, at the periphery of the dial 4, on the lower half-dial corresponding to the hours 3 to 9.
- the fact of using the largest needles 2 to determine the closest note 11 allows a quick and intuitive reading of the result, while the hour hand 3 is used here to give the frequency differential 12 between the note and the received electroacoustic signal.
- the display device comprises an indicator of the correctness of the notes 7, constituted here by the graduations opposite which the hour hand 3 is positioned in the tuning mode of the watch.
- the indicator makes it possible to display a tone ranging from a quarter-tone lower to a quarter-tone higher than the nearest note 11, and also allows an intuitive reading of this accuracy by matching the size of the hour hand.
- the indication of the accuracy by the hour hand is preferably done on an arc whose angular value is preferably slightly less than 180 degrees, preferably around 120 degrees as illustrated in FIG. figure 3 .
- the values of the percentages of maximum deviation at plus or minus 50% are indicated inside the arc of circle formed by the graduations which form the indicator 7. It is also possible to realize the indicator 7 in the form of a color scale varying around the green corresponding to a right note, and whose edges are red to indicate that the sound is false. It is also possible to realize this gradual indicator of color in the form of a circular arc whose one end is fine, and the other thick, in the manner of an eyebrow. In this case, the pointed end would correspond to a note too low, and the thick end of the eyebrow would correspond to a note too acute.
- the embodiment of the figure 3 further illustrates a target zone 8 with respect to the frequency of the nearest note 11.
- This target zone 8 indicated for example by a very thick graduation of a different color, for example green to indicate intuitively the accuracy, is preferably centered with respect to the dial 4 and indicates that the frequency of the acoustic signal is in a range values sufficiently close to the desired note, for example less than 3%, to no longer justify an additional agreement.
- This target zone is preferably in the middle of the graduations of the indicator 7 of the accuracy of the note, but could also be outside the arc formed by the graduations.
- the embodiment of the figure 3 also shows three push buttons: the first 16 being used to increment values and the second to decrement values, such as for example calibration values 14, as will be seen in more detail using the figure 6 .
- the last push button 18 shown on the figure 3 is preferably used for the change of mode, in particular for entering the tuning mode which can for example be activated by a prolonged pressure of more than two seconds, in order to avoid any untimely tripping of the calibration mode, of a part because it uses the needles and therefore does not allow to view the time simultaneously, and secondly because this mode is energy-hungry because it must feed the microphone and the microcontroller 103 must perform many calculations It makes a lot of use of its basic clock or central processing unit (CPU) 104.
- This button can also be used preferably to validate settings, such as the values used for calibration. We can imagine that the entry in the tuning mode can be validated by the positioning of the two hands minutes and hours, superimposed at noon on the dial 4 of the watch.
- the figure 4 illustrates a dial of a timepiece 1 according to the invention, for example a wristwatch, which is provided with hybrid display means, that is to say both digital and analog.
- the analog display means 111 are always constituted by the hands of the hours 2 and minutes 3, but this time these analog means 111 are only used to indicate the accuracy of the notes, it is that is to say, the frequency difference 12 relative to the nearest note, while the height of the nearest note 11 is displayed numerically on an LCD screen, which constitutes the digital display means 116.
- These means digital display 116 indicate, according to the figure 4 , that the note Eb has been identified; the needles 2 and 3 are superimposed and point to the value -44% of the graduations of an indicator 7 located in the upper half of the dial 4.
- a target zone 8 is located in the middle of the graduations of the indicator, similarly to to the analog embodiment of the figure 3 .
- the digital display means 116 make it possible to display the accuracy information redundantly, here on the left of the note 11 indicated.
- the LCD screen thus replaces not only the scale of the notes 6 of the fully analog variant described above, but also makes it possible to simultaneously indicate additional or even redundant information on the electroacoustic signal received by the signal sensor. 101.
- the additional information indicated by the digital display means 116 could be the pitch, that is to say the reference frequency used for the frequency measurement of the notes, when this can be set on a frequency other than the usual LA frequency at 440Hz.
- these means are located in the lower part of the dial 4 and below the needles 2 and 3 when used in tuning mode to indicate the accuracy of the note 11 closest.
- the figure 5 illustrates an embodiment similar to that of the figure 3 that is to say, in which the display is completely analog, performed by the means 111 constituted by the minute hand 2 and hours 3.
- the intrinsic frequency 19 of the acoustic signal is displayed continuously by the minute hand 2, next to a scale of the notes, without a comparison being made during the identification process of the note 20 to determine the nearest note 11.
- this needle 2 can point to any value and not just the discrete values of the notes indicated on the scale 6 at the edge of the dial.
- the minute hand 3 consists of what sort of a "zoom" of that of minutes 2, for which no discrete value has been identified.
- a more basic variant for displaying the intrinsic frequency 19 of the signal 10 could furthermore provide that the two hands of the hours 3 and minutes 2 are superimposed when the detected frequency is displayed and both point to a read value. sure the scale of notes 6.
- this variant requires that the accuracy must be appreciated by the user without the aid of any other indicator 7.
- the figure 6 illustrates another embodiment of the invention, according to which the angular position of the notes 11 on the scale of the notes 6, this time arranged on the bezel 5 and not on the dial, coincides with that of hours.
- the angular distribution is 360 degrees for all notes, or 30 degrees per semitone.
- this variant can be used both in the context of the display of the closest note 11, in accordance with the embodiments illustrated by the Figures 1 to 4 , but also advantageously as part of the continuous display method of the figure 5 , thanks to the enlarged angular space for each semitone.
- the display coinciding between the notes of the scale of the notes and that of the hours makes it possible to substitute the information of the hours by notes, without losing however the intuitive character of reading in normal mode, while the tuning mode does not require any additional information to be placed elsewhere on the dial.
- the buttons have been replaced by a ring 9 to make adjustments and changes of mode.
- a calibration value 14 which can preferably range between 435 and 445 Hz , for example according to the preferences of the user according to the acoustic context and the desired sound effects.
- the reference frequency 13 is calibrated by default to 440 Hz, which is its nominal value, and can preferably be adjusted downward or upward in steps of 1 Hz.
- the ring 9 allows a continuous adjustment of the calibration values 14.
- the calibration value is displayed on a scale of calibration values 15 placed opposite one of the needles 2 or 3, preferably the minute hand 2, preferably on the lower half of the dial, to leave room for an indicator 7 of accuracy of notes, similar to the previous variants described.
- the variants illustrated by the Figures 7a to 7d are other possibilities of variants according to the invention, which all have in common to arrange the scale of the notes on the bezel 5 of a watch, as well as to use a crown 9. Moreover, all these variants use the minute hand 2, and not the hour hand contrary to the previously described variants, for the display of the accuracy of the notes.
- the minute hand 2 indicates the frequency difference 12 opposite an indicator 7 constituted by graduations on an arc of circle on the upper half of the dial, preferably centered at noon and extending on an angle included preferably between 120 and 180 degrees.
- Variant 7a uses the same scale of notes 6 as illustrated by the figure 6 , representing the notes in mixed mode flat / sharp on the entire circumference of the telescope 5. This is a completely analog display mode, in accordance with the embodiment of the figure 3 .
- figure 7b also relates to an embodiment according to which the display is totally analog, the hands of minutes 2 and hours having the same functions as for the figure 7a , but the display mode of the notes on the scale of the notes 6 is simply dual compared to the sharp and the flat, ie all the notes are displayed, when a choice is possible, both in as a sharp of the lower note or flat of the upper note.
- the Figure 7c relates to a hybrid display mode, which uses a digital display for the closest notes 11 of the acoustic signal; the telescope 5 can thus again include the hour digits instead of the places of the notes of the variants of the Figures 7a and 7b .
- the digital display means 116 are preferably an LCD screen located on the lower part of the dial.
- the figure 7d again relates to an embodiment with an analogue display, the difference with the embodiments of the Figures 7a and 7b the arrangement of the notes on the telescope, the scale of the notes 6 being located on the lower part of the telescope 5, between 3 hours for the note Ab (A flat) and 8:30 for the note G.
- the scale of the notes 6 is thus not centered since the twelve semitones associated with the notes follow one another without any indication being provided if no frequency can be determined during the identification process of the note.
- the figure 8 illustrates an embodiment that displays the accuracy of the note using the reading of the relative position of the hours of hours 3 relative to that of minutes 2, thus dispensing with a dedicated accuracy indicator 7.
- the closest note 11 is displayed by the minute hand 2 which points to a note of the scale of the notes 6, distributed here over the entire angular sector of the telescope 5.
- the correctness of the note is then displayed by the hour hand 3, which is positioned in an angular sector of an amplitude of 30 degrees around the minute hand 2.
- the maximum deviance for the hour hand 3 is 15 degrees on both sides of minutes 2; this deviation corresponds in effect according to this variant to a quarter of a tone, since each semitone occupies an angular space of 30 degrees.
- the accuracy of a note is thus confirmed by the superposition of the two hands 2,3 on one of the notes of the scale 6, here on the LA at one o'clock on the dial 4.
- Electroacoustic signal received 11 Note closest to the received signal 12 Frequency difference 13 Reference frequency of the tuner 14 Calibration value of the reference frequency 15 Scale of calibration values 16 First push button 17 Second push button 18 Third push button 19 Intrinsic frequency of the acoustic signal 100 Electronic device 101 Acoustic signal sensor 102 Means for processing the electroacoustic signal 1021 Filtered 1022 Amplifier 1023 Comparator 103 microcontroller 104 Basic clock 105 RC Oscillator 106 Power supply 107 Drums 108 Binary signal (pulse train) 109 Data memory 110 Program memory 111 Analog display means 112 Means for the user interface 113 Processor (CPU) 114 Engine module 115 Microcontroller input / output interface 116 Digital display means 20 Process of identifying the musical note 21 Table of periods of musical notes 22 Period of the binary signal 231 First series of periods acquired by the microcontroller 232 Second reduced series of samples above a threshold 233 Third series determined from the first two 234 Fourth series sorted from the third 24 Period identified 25
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Abstract
Description
La présente invention concerne un accordeur chromatique pour instruments de musique, mesurant la fréquence sonore produite par l'instrument à accorder, et affichant sur une montre des grandeurs caractérisant la justesse de l'accordage, par exemple une montre bracelet.The present invention relates to a chromatic tuner for musical instruments, measuring the sound frequency produced by the instrument to be tuned, and displaying on a watch magnitudes characterizing the accuracy of the tuning, for example a wristwatch.
Les instruments de musique nécessitent en général un accordage périodique, afin d'assurer la constance des sons qu'ils produisent. Pour ce faire, une technique courante consiste à employer un diapason, qui donne le LA, note de référence de la quatrième octave à 440 Hertz.Musical instruments usually require periodic tuning to ensure the consistency of the sounds they produce. To do this, a common technique is to use a tuning fork, which gives the LA, reference note of the fourth octave at 440 Hertz.
Afin de garantir de garantir l'exactitude de la justesse de la note indépendamment de paramètres altérant les caractéristiques d'un diapason, tels que l'humidité et la température, il existe désormais des accordeurs électroniques, dont la précision est plus fine pour déterminer la fréquence à associer à une note. Ces accordeurs contiennent d'une part un microphone, convertissant le signal acoustique en un signal électrique, et un dispositif d'affichage numérique indiquant la note la plus proche ainsi que la justesse par rapport à cette note en fonction du signal acoustique détecté et du signal électrique obtenu.In order to guarantee the correctness of the accuracy of the note independently of parameters altering the characteristics of a tuning fork, such as humidity and temperature, there are now electronic tuners, whose precision is finer to determine the frequency to associate with a note. These tuners contain on the one hand a microphone, converting the acoustic signal into an electrical signal, and a digital display device indicating the closest note and the accuracy of this note according to the detected acoustic signal and the signal. electric obtained.
Certains accordeurs sont calibrés sur une fréquence de référence fixe, typiquement 440Hz; d'autres peuvent toutefois être réglés sur une fréquence voisine afin d'adapter la sonorité de l'instrument à des conditions acoustiques particulières, comme par exemple des propriétés de résonance d'un bâtiment ou d'une salle de concert.Some tuners are calibrated on a fixed reference frequency, typically 440Hz; others can however be set to a neighboring frequency in order to adapt the sound of the instrument to particular acoustic conditions, such as the resonance properties of a building or a concert hall.
Un inconvénient des accordeurs chromatiques électroniques portables est qu'ils sont souvent relativement encombrants, et que le musicien risque ainsi de les oublier ou de les perdre. Par ailleurs, l'affichage numérique ne permet pas une lecture intuitive des indications fournies, notamment par rapport à la justesse de la note et les réglages, tant lors de l'opération de calibrage que lors de l'accordage lui-même. Il existe donc un besoin pour un accordeur chromatique exempt de ces limitations de l'art antérieur.A disadvantage of portable electronic color tuners is that they are often relatively bulky, and the musician may forget them or lose them. Moreover, the digital display does not allow an intuitive reading of the indications provided, especially with respect to the accuracy of the note and the settings, both during the calibration operation and during the tuning itself. There is therefore a need for a chromatic tuner free of these limitations of the prior art.
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un accordeur chromatique intégré à un appareil portable régulièrement à disposition des musiciens.An object of the present invention is to provide a chromatic tuner built into a portable device regularly available to musicians.
Un autre but de la présente invention est de proposer un accordeur chromatique qui permette une lecture et un réglage plus facile des fréquences obtenues lors de l'accordage et de la fréquence de calibration.Another object of the present invention is to provide a chromatic tuner that allows easier reading and tuning of the frequencies obtained during tuning and the calibration frequency.
Ces buts sont atteints selon l'invention grâce à une pièce d'horlogerie portable ayant les caractéristiques de la revendication indépendante de dispositif ci-après.These objects are achieved according to the invention by a portable timepiece having the features of the independent device claim hereinafter.
Ces buts sont également atteints selon l'invention par une méthode d'affichage pour accordeur chromatique utilisant la pièce d'horlogerie portable selon l'invention.These objects are also achieved according to the invention by a display method for chromatic tuner using the portable timepiece according to the invention.
Un avantage de la solution proposée est de permettre l'intégration d'un accordeur chromatique dans une montre, ce qui permet aux musiciens ayant besoin d'un accordeur de ne pas se requérir d'instruments à part, et d'avoir par ailleurs cet outil à portée de main en quasi-permanence, aussi souvent que la montre qui le contient est portée.An advantage of the proposed solution is to allow the integration of a chromatic tuner in a watch, which allows musicians who need a tuner not to require instruments apart, and to have moreover this tool at hand almost continuously, as often as the watch that contains it is worn.
Un autre avantage de la solution proposée est de permettre une lecture plus facile des résultats de l'accordage grâce aux aiguilles de la montre sur laquelle l'accordeur est intégré.Another advantage of the proposed solution is to allow an easier reading of the results of the tuning with the needles of the watch on which the tuner is integrated.
Des exemples de mise en oeuvre de l'invention sont indiqués dans la description et illustrés par les figures annexées dans lesquelles:
- La
figure 1 est un schéma bloc du module électronique de l'accordeur chromatique selon l'invention; - La
figure 2 est un schéma de principe de la détection des notes et de leur justesse selon l'accordeur chromatique de l'invention; - La
figure 3 illustre une vue d'une montre avec accordeur chromatique intégré selon une variante préférentielle de l'invention; - La
figure 4 illustre le cadran d'une montre avec accordeur chromatique intégré selon une autre variante préférentielle de l'invention; - La
figure 5 illustre une vue d'une montre avec accordeur chromatique intégré avec un dispositif d'affichage selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention; - La
figure 6 illustre une vue d'une montre avec accordeur chromatique intégré selon une autre variante de réalisation de l'invention, dans laquelle il est possible de calibrer la fréquence de référence. - Les
figures 7a, 7b, 7c, et 7d illustrent différentes variantes pour l'affichage des notes de la gamme tempérée. - La
figure 8 illustre une variante pour l'affichage de la justesse de la note détectée.
- The
figure 1 is a block diagram of the electronic module of the chromatic tuner according to the invention; - The
figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the detection of notes and their accuracy according to the chromatic tuner of the invention; - The
figure 3 illustrates a view of a watch with integrated chromatic tuner according to a preferred embodiment of the invention; - The
figure 4 illustrates the dial of a watch with integrated chromatic tuner according to another preferred embodiment of the invention; - The
figure 5 illustrates a view of a watch with integrated chromatic tuner with a display device according to another embodiment of the invention; - The
figure 6 illustrates a view of a watch with integrated chromatic tuner according to another embodiment of the invention, in which it is possible to calibrate the reference frequency. - The
FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d illustrate different variants for the display of notes in the temperate range. - The
figure 8 illustrates a variant for displaying the accuracy of the detected note.
L'invention concerne une pièce d'horlogerie portable, typiquement une montre bracelet, mais par exemple également un pendentif, une montre à gousset, ou tout autre dispositif d'affichage de l'heure portatif, avec un accordeur chromatique intégré qui utilise une ou plusieurs aiguilles de la montre, d'ordinaire dédiées à l'affichage de l'heure courante. Une telle pièce d'horlogerie comprend par conséquent implicitement un mode accordage distinct du mode d'affichage usuel des heures, et dans lequel au moins une des aiguilles n'est plus utilisées à cette fin.The invention relates to a portable timepiece, typically a wristwatch, but for example also a pendant, a pocket watch, or any other portable time display device, with an integrated chromatic tuner that uses one or more several hands of the watch, usually dedicated to the display of the current time. Such a timepiece therefore implicitly comprises a tuning mode distinct from the usual display mode hours, and wherein at least one of the needles is no longer used for this purpose.
L'accordeur comporte un module électronique pour le calcul de la valeur des fréquences sonores émises par l'instrument à accorder, et cette valeur ainsi que la justesse de cette fréquence par rapport à des notes d'une gamme, par exemple la gamme tempérée (do, do#, ré, ré#, mi, fa, fa#, sol, sol#, la, la#, si, pour laquelle la fréquence de référence est celle du la à 440Hz) est affichée sur la pièce d'horlogerie. La notation anglo-saxonne pour la gamme tempérée fait correspondre aux notes "la" la valeur A, "si" la valeur B, "do" la valeur C, "ré" la valeur D, "mi" la valeur E, "fa" la valeur F et "sol" la valeur G, comme on le verra plus tard sur les dispositifs d'affichage selon des modes de réalisation préférentiels de l'invention. L'homme du métier comprendra qu'il est envisageable d'adapter l'accordeur intégré selon l'invention à n'importe quel type de gamme (naturelle, pythagoricienne) et n'importe quel système tonique.The tuner comprises an electronic module for calculating the value of the sound frequencies emitted by the instrument to be tuned, and this value and the accuracy of this frequency with respect to notes of a range, for example the temperate range (do, do #, re, re #, mi, fa, fa #, sol, sol #, la, the #, if, for which the reference frequency is that of the at 440Hz) is displayed on the timepiece. The Anglo-Saxon notation for the temperate range corresponds to the notes "la" the value A, "if" the value B, "do" the value C, "re" the value D, "mi" the value E, "fa "the value F and" ground "the value G, as will be seen later on the display devices according to preferred embodiments of the invention. Those skilled in the art will understand that it is conceivable to adapt the integrated tuner according to the invention to any type of range (natural, Pythagorean) and any tonic system.
La
Les moyens de traitement du signal 102 se composent d'un filtre 1021, qui élimine des composantes de fréquence en dehors d'une bande-passante de signal déterminée. Le signal 10 est ensuite transmis à un amplificateur 1022 et à un comparateur 1023, comme par exemple un comparateur à hystérèse de type Trigger de Schmitt.The signal processing means 102 consist of a
Le train d'impulsions 108 est transmis à une des interfaces d'entrée/sortie d'un microcontrôleur 103, dont l'ensemble est référencé par le numéro 115 dans un souci de simplification. Le microcontrôleur 103 dispose par ailleurs d'au moins une sortie pour délivrer un courant d'alimentation 106 des moyens de traitement du signal 102, d'une batterie 107, d'un oscillateur à quartz 104, typiquement de 32KHz et dont la fréquence est compensée en température, puis corrigée périodiquement par inhibition. Le microcontrôleur 103 intègre également un oscillateur RC 105 de préférence de 4 MHz, ce qui permet de commuter l'horloge du processeur 113 du microcontrôleur 103 sur une fréquence plus rapide lorsque de longs calculs ou des mesures rapides doivent être effectuées, principalement durant l'activation de la fonction accordeur.The
Comme illustré sur la
Le dispositif électronique 100 comprend par ailleurs, selon le mode de réalisation préférentiel illustré par la
La pièce d'horlogerie 1 avec accordeur chromatique intégré selon l'invention englobe des systèmes d'affichage totalement analogiques, ou hybrides avec affichage partiellement numérique. Ces modes de réalisation sont illustrés respectivement par les
La
Selon ce mode de réalisation préférentiel, l'oscillateur RC 105 est tout d'abord calibré dans une étape 201, car la fréquence de celui-ci varie dans le temps en fonction de la tension d'alimentation et de la température. La calibration consiste à compter le nombre de coups d'horloge de l'oscillateur RC 105 dans une fenêtre de temps fixée par la période d'un signal dérivé de l'horloge de base 104 compensée en température. La calibration est effectuée périodiquement, par exemple aux secondes 3 et 33, afin d'assurer une stabilité de la mesure de fréquence du signal acoustique. De la calibration de l'oscillateur résulte le facteur de correction 25 pour compenser les fréquences déterminées lors du processus d'identification des notes.According to this preferred embodiment, the
L'étape 202 consiste en l'exécution, par le microcontrôleur 103, non représenté sur la
L'étape d'identification 204 de la période fondamentale du signal électroacoustique 10 est ensuite déterminée en cherchant une relation périodique entre les éléments de la série 234. Le processus part du plus petit élément de la série puis cherche des multiples de cet élément en parcourant la série dans l'ordre croissant. Chaque élément de la série est divisé par des nombres entiers croissants jusqu'à approcher de l'élément le plus petit. Dès qu'un élément de la série avoisine un multiple de cet élément le plus petit, alors cet élément est considéré comme étant la période fondamentale du signal ; si par contre aucun multiple n'est trouvé le processus est réitéré avec l'élément suivant de la série jusqu'à trouver une relation périodique dans la série. L'étape 2041 consiste à vérifier qu'une période fondamentale a bien été identifiée, si tel est le cas le résultat 24 est soumis au facteur de correction 25 pour livrer la période mesurée 26, sinon le seuil utilisé à l'étape 2031 est comparée à la moitié de la valeur du seuil initial, lors de l'étape 2034 puis décrémenté d'une valeur prédéfinie, par exemple 10, à l'étape 2035 pour déterminer le nouveau seuil à utiliser lors d'une nouvelle itération du processus d'extraction de la fréquence fondamentale 203, qui va ainsi répéter toutes les étapes précédentes à partir de la 2031 avec le nouveau seuil. Dans le cas où le seuil devrait être inférieur à la moitié du seuil initial après l'étape 2034, le processus d'identification de la fréquence fondamentale 203 est terminé à l'étape 206, et aucune fréquence n'a été identifiée. Le processus d'extraction de la fréquence fondamentale 203 est donc en échec à l'étape 206.The
Une fois que la période identifiée 24 du signal est délivrée par le processus 203, puis la correction effectuée par multiplication avec le facteur de correction 25 (comme illustré sur la
Une fois la note la plus proche 11 identifiée, il reste encore à déterminer la justesse de la période identifiée par rapport à cette note. Cette étape 205 consiste à déterminer l'écart fréquentiel 12 relatif entre la note 11 et le signal reçu 10, que l'on peut de préférence calculer comme suit:
- Si la fréquence du signal acoustique est inférieure à celle de la
note 11 la plus proche, l'écart fréquentiel 12 est égal à la fréquence de lanote 11, moins la fréquence correspondant à la période mesurée 26, c'est-à-dire son inverse (la fréquence étant égale, par définition, à l'inverse d'une période), le tout divisé par l'écart fréquentiel entre lanote 11 et sa note immédiatement inférieure, c'est-à-dire dans la gamme tempérée d'un demi-ton inférieur. Le tout est ensuite multiplié par 100 pour obtenir un pourcentage. Pour des raisons de simplification et de lisibilité du schéma de lafigure 2 , la fréquence intrinsèque du signal 19, égale donc à l'inverse de la période mesurée 26, n'y a pas été illustrée. - Le même raisonnement s'applique lorsque la fréquence du signal acoustique est supérieure à celle de la
note 11 la plus proche, auquel cas l'écart fréquentiel 12 se mesure comme la différence entre celle du signal acoustique et la note la plus proche, le tout divisé par la différence entre la fréquence de la note immédiatement supérieure, c'est-à-dire dans la gamme tempérée d'un demi-ton supérieur, et de lanote 11 la plus proche.
- If the frequency of the acoustic signal is lower than that of the
nearest note 11, thefrequency difference 12 is equal to the frequency of thenote 11, minus the frequency corresponding to the measuredperiod 26, that is to say its inverse (the frequency being, by definition, the inverse of a period), all divided by the frequency difference between thenote 11 and its note immediately below, that is to say in the temperate range of a lower semitone. The whole thing is then multiplied by 100 to get a percentage. For reasons for simplification and legibility of the scheme of thefigure 2 , the intrinsic frequency of the signal 19, therefore equal to the inverse of the measuredperiod 26, has not been illustrated. - The same reasoning applies when the frequency of the acoustic signal is higher than that of the
nearest note 11, in which case thefrequency difference 12 is measured as the difference between that of the acoustic signal and the nearest note, the whole divided by the difference between the frequency of the next higher note, that is, the temperate range of a higher semitone, and thenearest note 11.
Selon ce calcul de la justesse de la note pour la gamme tempérée, l'homme du métier pourra constater que la précision est indiquée par rapport à l'écart fréquentiel d'un demi-ton, puisque l'écart entre les différentes notes identifiables est toujours d'un demi-ton. Elle s'étend par conséquent du quart de ton inférieur au quart de ton supérieur.. Cette précision est de préférence indiquée par un pourcentage compris entre -50 et +50%.According to this calculation of the accuracy of the score for the tempered range, the skilled person will be able to note that the precision is indicated with respect to the frequency difference of one semitone, since the difference between the different identifiable notes is always a semitone. It therefore extends from a quarter of a ton to a quarter of a ton higher. This accuracy is preferably indicated by a percentage between -50 and + 50%.
La
Selon le mode de réalisation illustré par la
On pourra constater que l'indication de la justesse par l'aiguille des heures se fait de préférence sur un arc de cercle dont la valeur angulaire est de préférence légèrement inférieure à 180 degrés, de préférence aux alentours de 120 degrés comme illustré sur la
Afin de faciliter encore la lecture de la justesse de la note, le mode de réalisation de la
Le mode de réalisation de la
La
Selon une variante non représentée, l'information supplémentaire indiquée par les moyens d'affichage numérique 116 pourrait être le pitch, c'est à dire la fréquence de référence utilisée pour la mesure fréquentielle des notes, lorsque celle-ci peut être réglée sur une fréquence autre que la fréquence usuelle du LA à 440Hz. De préférence, ces moyens se situent dans la partie basse du cadran 4 et en dessous des aiguilles 2 et 3 lorsqu'elles sont utilisées en mode accordage pour indiquer la justesse de la note 11 la plus proche.According to a variant not shown, the additional information indicated by the digital display means 116 could be the pitch, that is to say the reference frequency used for the frequency measurement of the notes, when this can be set on a frequency other than the usual LA frequency at 440Hz. Preferably, these means are located in the lower part of the
La
Une variante plus sommaire pour l'affichage de la fréquence intrinsèque 19 du signal 10 pourrait par ailleurs prévoir que les deux aiguilles des heures 3 et des minutes 2 sont superposées lors de l'affichage de la fréquence détectée et pointent toutes deux sur une valeur lue sur l'échelle des notes 6. Cette variante requiert toutefois que la justesse doit être appréciée par l'utilisateur sans l'aide d'aucun autre indicateur 7.A more basic variant for displaying the intrinsic frequency 19 of the
La
Une différence importante entre la variante de la
La valeur de calibrage est affichée sur une échelle de valeurs de calibrage 15, disposée en regard d'une des aiguilles 2 ou 3, de préférence l'aiguille des minutes 2, de préférence sur la moitié inférieure du cadran, afin de laisser de la place disponible pour un indicateur 7 de justesse des notes, similairement aux variantes précédentes décrites.The calibration value is displayed on a scale of calibration values 15 placed opposite one of the
Bien que la variante de la
Les variantes illustrées par les
La variante 7a reprend la même échelle des notes 6 que celle illustrée par la
La
La
La
Etant donné l'espace angulaire réduit pour indiquer la justesse de la note par rapport aux autres modes de réalisation, on pourra utiliser des formes particulières ou des couleurs particulières, par exemple vert pour les aiguilles affichant la note et celle indiquant la justesse, indifféremment du fait qu'il s'agisse de celles des heures 3 ou des minutes 2 (la fonction de chacune pouvant être inversée), et les superposer de telle sorte que la couleur indiquant la justesse, par exemple du rouge, soit cachée par celle, par exemple du vert, indiquant la note lorsque les fréquences concordent. En ce qui concerne la forme, on pourra privilégier par exemple une aiguille creuse, de préférence l'aiguille des minutes 2, plus grande que celle des heures 3, l'aiguille des heures 3 venant alors se loger dans la creusure 71 de l'aiguille des minutes 2 lorsque les fréquences concordent. Cette variante présente l'avantage de ne pas charger le cadran 4 par des informations sur la justesse, libérant ainsi de la place pour d'autres types d'informations; elle présente toutefois l'inconvénient d'un coût plus élevé d'usinage de l'aiguille creuse, qui est plus difficile à réaliser qu'une aiguille standard.Given the reduced angular space to indicate the accuracy of the note with respect to the other embodiments, it will be possible to use particular shapes or particular colors, for example green for the needles displaying the note and that indicating the accuracy, regardless of the whether they are those of
La variante de la
Plus généralement, les différents modes de réalisation décrits ci-dessus sont donnés à titre d'exemple et ne doivent en aucun cas être interprétés de façon limitative. Il est par exemple envisageable de combiner des caractéristiques afférentes aux différents modes de réalisation décrits, ou encore en ajouter d'autres, connues de l'homme du métier, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention.
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (7)
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EP09169640A EP2293286A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | Watch with integrated chromatic tuner |
CN2010800501433A CN102598116B (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-08-27 | Watch having built-in chromatic tuner |
PCT/EP2010/062582 WO2011026798A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-08-27 | Watch having a built-in chromatic tuner |
EP10747457.9A EP2476112B1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-08-27 | Watch with integrated chromatic tuner |
JP2012528308A JP5480385B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-08-27 | Display method for timer and semitone gradation instrument |
US13/394,434 US8811121B2 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2010-08-27 | Watch with an integrated chromatic tuner |
HK12111523.9A HK1171282A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2012-11-14 | Watch having a built-in chromatic tuner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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EP09169640A EP2293286A1 (en) | 2009-09-07 | 2009-09-07 | Watch with integrated chromatic tuner |
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EP2293286A1 true EP2293286A1 (en) | 2011-03-09 |
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JP (1) | JP5480385B2 (en) |
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US9443497B1 (en) * | 2015-01-09 | 2016-09-13 | Onboard Research Corporation | Time display for a tuning device |
TWD175732S (en) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-05-21 | 葛拉夏特鐘錶企業有限公司 | Watch dial |
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US11107447B2 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2021-08-31 | Eventide Inc. | Musical instrument tuner |
US20210407473A1 (en) * | 2017-08-04 | 2021-12-30 | Eventide Inc. | Musical Instrument Tuner |
USD847199S1 (en) * | 2017-10-16 | 2019-04-30 | Caterpillar Inc. | Display screen with animated graphical user interface |
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- 2010-08-27 WO PCT/EP2010/062582 patent/WO2011026798A1/en active Application Filing
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JP2013504096A (en) | 2013-02-04 |
HK1171282A1 (en) | 2013-03-22 |
CN102598116A (en) | 2012-07-18 |
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US8811121B2 (en) | 2014-08-19 |
CN102598116B (en) | 2013-10-23 |
WO2011026798A1 (en) | 2011-03-10 |
JP5480385B2 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
EP2476112B1 (en) | 2013-06-26 |
US20120243379A1 (en) | 2012-09-27 |
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