EP2292397B1 - Dispositif et procédé pour le coulage de produits en béton par moulage avec un coffrage glissant - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé pour le coulage de produits en béton par moulage avec un coffrage glissant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2292397B1
EP2292397B1 EP10174989.3A EP10174989A EP2292397B1 EP 2292397 B1 EP2292397 B1 EP 2292397B1 EP 10174989 A EP10174989 A EP 10174989A EP 2292397 B1 EP2292397 B1 EP 2292397B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
guide element
casting apparatus
concrete mix
feed
guide
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP10174989.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2292397A3 (fr
EP2292397A2 (fr
Inventor
Jani Eilola
Aimo Seppänen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Elematic Oyj
Original Assignee
Elematic Oyj
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Elematic Oyj filed Critical Elematic Oyj
Publication of EP2292397A2 publication Critical patent/EP2292397A2/fr
Publication of EP2292397A3 publication Critical patent/EP2292397A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2292397B1 publication Critical patent/EP2292397B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
    • B28B1/084—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting the vibrating moulds or cores being moved horizontally for making strands of moulded articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/22—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by screw or worm
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/20—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded
    • B28B3/22—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein the material is extruded by screw or worm
    • B28B3/228—Slipform casting extruder, e.g. self-propelled extruder

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an apparatus and method for casting concrete products by an substantially horizontal slipforming technique, where concrete mix is fed through a restricted transversal surface for manufacturing a concrete product with a desired shape. More precisely, the invention relates to intensifying the concrete mix feed of at least one feed screw used in the casting process, and to improving the feed balance.
  • slipform casting arrangements are generally based either on the extruder or the slipformer technique.
  • concrete mix is fed from the concrete mix container under hydrostatic pressure onto feed screws, which feed screws extrude the concrete mix by intermediation of both rotary and reciprocating motion through a restricted transversal surface in order to obtain a concrete product with a desired shape.
  • the feed screw is provided with a core-forming mandrel that creates a hollow core in the product to be cast.
  • the entity formed by the feed screw and the core-forming mandrel also performs a reciprocating compacting motion for compacting the concrete mix.
  • a feed trough for guiding the concrete mix around the core-forming mandrel.
  • a top surface compacting beam that comprises a back and forth moving troweling beam for compacting and leveling the top surface of the cast product.
  • the sides of the cast product are in the longitudinal direction defined by back and forth moving side walls, the motion whereof compacts and levels the side surfaces of the cast product.
  • the concrete mix flows from the concrete mix container onto feed screws that feed concrete mix around the vibrating shoes.
  • the vibrating shoes compact the concrete mix by vibration and form preliminary hollow cores in the product to be cast.
  • core-forming mandrels for ensuring that the hollow core maintains the desired form also when the vibrating effect is settling.
  • the progress of the casting apparatus is realized by a separate driver.
  • slipforming techniques are used for manufacturing long products that are sawed into suitable lengths after the casting is cured.
  • the operation of the feed screw is based on the fact that it generates in the concrete mix located at the thread of the feed screw a force in the direction of the longitudinal axis, which force moves the mix forward.
  • the concrete mix is also subjected to a force that is effective in the rotary direction of the feed screw, i.e. a force that is perpendicular to the force mentioned above.
  • Said force attempts to rotate the concrete mix around the feed screw.
  • Underneath the feed screw of the extruder there is arranged a concrete mix feed trough that generates a shear force in the concrete mix. Said shear force prevents the mix from rotating along with the feed screw, which means that the mix moves forward.
  • the shear force also affects in the longitudinal direction, but it is not sufficient for cancelling the force created by the feed screw.
  • a troweling beam Above the feed screw, there is arranged a troweling beam, but it is located further away from the screw, and it makes a troweling motion. It has occasionally been found out that in cast concrete slabs obtained as end products, there is formed a depression in the slab cover over the hollow cores. This may be due to poor compacting of the mix on top of the hollow core, which in turn may be a consequence of the fact that above the feed screw, the mix can also move in the transversal direction with respect to the feed direction, i.e. that component in the speed vector of the mix that is parallel to the casting direction is on the lower half of the screw larger than on the upper half.
  • the essential feature is the reciprocating motion of the mold walls provided with protrusions, which generates the motion and compacting of the mix.
  • the protrusions are wide in the transversal direction, extending even over the width of the slab, the reciprocal and synchronized motion of the mold walls takes place in the longitudinal direction.
  • the protrusions are sharp and narrow, the motion takes place in the transversal direction.
  • the Finnish patent publication 48902 describes a slipform casting machine where guide plates are arranged in between the feed screws in order to prevent the mix from rotating along with the screws.
  • the guide plate extends along the whole length of the threaded part of the feed screw.
  • the plate can also be provided with vibration.
  • An apparatus comprises at least one element arranged above the feed screw, in the top part of the defining surface, i.e. in the troweling beam, which element controls the motion of the concrete mix, compacts it and simultaneously balances the distribution of the mix between the upper and lower halves of the product to be cast.
  • the apparatus and method according to the invention can be applied in all types of slipform casting arrangements that include at least two feed screws.
  • the apparatus according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of Claim 1, and the method according to the invention is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of Claim 11.
  • the essential elements of the embodiment of an extruder slipform casting equipment according to the invention are feed screw 1, their number in Figure 1 being four, concrete mix feed trough 2, top troweling beam, i.e. compacting beam 3, elements 4a and 4b for balancing the concrete mix feed, concrete mix container 5, core-forming mandrel 6, actuator 7, side walls 8, casting bed 9 and mass plate 10.
  • the guide plates 4a and 4b set in troweling motion compact the concrete mix during the casting process.
  • the top surface of the cast product during the casting process refers to that part of the product surface that faces the top troweling beam 3 and/or the concrete mix container 5, and the bottom surface of the cast product in turn refers to the opposite surface that faces the casting bed 9.
  • the guide element according to the invention is generally referred to with the reference number 4.
  • the reference numbers 4a and 4b are used for the guide plates, because the sizes of the plates vary in different locations of the screw.
  • 4a refers to the guide plate located in the middle of the feed screw
  • 4b refers to the plates located at the edges, which plates are mutually identical.
  • the number of guide elements 4 per feed screw can be one or several. It or they are always located at the screw, placed above it, and not for example in the area left between two separate screws.
  • the length of the guide element refers to the dimension defined in the longitudinal direction of the feed screw; the width or thickness of the guide element refers to the dimension defined in the transversal direction of the feed screw; and the height of the guide element refers to its dimension in the vertical direction.
  • the guide element 4 is fastened to the troweling beam 3, and moves along with the troweling motion of the beam in a reciprocating motion, thus compacting the concrete mix during the casting process.
  • the fastening is carried out so that there is substantially no gap left between the troweling beam 3 and the guide element 4.
  • the length of the guide element or elements 4 may vary within the area that begins halfway to the vertical channel formed by the mass plate 10 and the troweling beam 3 and ends at the end of the threaded part of the feed screw 1, i.e. at the core-forming mandrel 6.
  • the guide element may cover for example about 30% of the width of the vertical channel, and extend to a distance of 100 - 200 mm from the end of the threaded part of the feed screw 1.
  • the height of the guide element 4 in the area of the troweling beam is defined on the basis of the distance between the troweling beam and the feed screw, so that there is substantially no gap left between the guide element 4 and the troweling beam 3, and it extends to near the threadings of the feed screw; the distance from the threadings may be 0 - 50 mm, preferably 5 - 10 mm. Said distance remains substantially the same throughout the threaded part of the feed screw.
  • the guide element 4 extends, at the vertical channel formed by the troweling beam 3 and the mass plate 10, above the surface 11 of the troweling beam for the length L 1 .
  • L 1 may also be zero, in which case the guide element continues, at the height of the surface 11 of the troweling beam also at said vertical channel.
  • L 1 can be 0 - 300 mm; preferably it is 50 - 200 mm and more preferably 100 - 150 mm.
  • the angle of the guide element can be inclined to a suitable degree ( Figure 2 ).
  • a sharp angle is possible (marked by a dotted line in Figures 3(a) - 3(c) ).
  • a guide element 4 can be a plate 4a and 4b illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 .
  • the number of guide plates per feed screw is optimized appropriately. In the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2 , the number of guide plates per one feed screw is three, and they conform to the shape of the screw 1 both in the longitudinal and transversal directions thereof.
  • the number of guide plates 4a and 4b can be for example one to twelve, in the direction of the transversal axis of the feed screw, preferably 1 - 5 and more preferably 2 - 3.
  • the thickness of the guide plate can vary within the range 3 - 15 mm, and preferably it is 5 - 8 mm.
  • the guide plate must be sufficiently rigid in structure, so that it endures the strain caused by the concrete mix without bending.
  • the guide element 4 conforms to the feed screw 1 in the longitudinal direction means that the distance of the element 4 from the feed screw remains substantially the same along the whole width thereof.
  • the guide plates 4a and 4b become lower as the diameter of the feed screw becomes longer.
  • the fact that the element 4 conforms to the feed screw 1 in the transversal direction means that the distance of said element from the feed screw remains substantially the same in the transversal direction of the screw. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 and 2 , i.e. with separate guide plates, this becomes apparent in that the plate 4a located at the middle of the screw is throughout lower than the plates 4b located at the edges of the screw.
  • its design conforming to the feed screw 1 can be realized in various different ways.
  • the guide element 4 is a guide plate, the lower edge of which is provided with cogs or dents which, in addition to their guide function, also effectively compact the concrete mix.
  • the side profile of a guide plate according to this embodiment is illustrated in Figure 3 (c) .
  • at least one of the side edges of the guide plate or plates may be provided with cogs of the same type.
  • Figure 3 (d) is a schematical illustration of this kind of guide plate, viewed from the top, which is provided with cogs at both side edges. The number of these dented guide plates in the direction of the transversal axis of the feed screw is the same as was earlier defined in connection with a guide plate with straight edges.
  • the guide element 4 can be a row of bars or pins in shape, so that said row of pins is attached to the troweling beam and conforms to the shape of the feed screw in the longitudinal direction. It could for instance be possible that the plates of Figures 1 and 2 were replaced by rows of bars, as is schematically illustrated in Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) .
  • the bars may be placed in straight rows, or they may form a zigzag pattern.
  • the number of bar rows in the longitudinal direction of the screw can be equal to the number of guide plates, and they conform to the shape of the screw in the transversal direction in a corresponding way.
  • a bar or pin can be for example a lozenge, a rectangle, a square, a circle, an oval or a droplet.
  • the bars are placed so that their balancing effect on the concrete mix feed is as intensive as possible, for example in the case of a lozenge the sharp corner is directed forwards, symmetrically in the direction of the flow.
  • a bar can be a half-ellipse, a circle, a triangle, a rectangle or some other shape.
  • the measures of a bar row or rows in the longitudinal direction and in the height and width directions, with their fluctuation ranges, are equal to those earlier defined in connection with plates.
  • the guide plates, bars/bar rows or guide elements with some other shape are typically installed substantially in parallel with the vertical plane proceeding in the direction of the central axis of the feed screw. According to the invention, it is also possible that at least one guide element is inclined with respect to the vertical plane proceeding in the direction of the central axis of the feed screw. The inclination may take place both in the horizontal and vertical direction with respect to the defined vertical plane.
  • Figures 4 (a) - 4(c) represent schematical illustrations of various different embodiments according to the invention, where the position of the guide elements differs from the defined vertical plane.
  • those guide elements 4b that are located farthest at the edges are inclined with respect to the vertical direction of the defined vertical plane, so that each deviates from it to the same degree, but in opposite directions.
  • the guide element 4a located in the middle is substantially parallel to the vertical plane.
  • the guide plates 4 described in the embodiment of Figure 4 (b) deviate from the defined vertical plane in the horizontal direction.
  • the angle of inclination is identical with both plates, but in opposite directions.
  • the angle of the pins constituting the guide element 4 is in the area of the vertical channel different from the angle located underneath the troweling beam.
  • the pins are inclined in the vertical direction of the defined vertical plane ( Figure 4 (c')).
  • the pins are inclined, with respect to the plane passing via the front edge 12 of the troweling beam, in the direction of the concrete mix flow.
  • the tilt angle of the guide plate can change along the width thereof, i.e. for instance in the area of the vertical channel formed by the mass plate 10 and the troweling beam 3, it may be different than below the troweling beam 3.
  • Figure 5 represents a schematical illustration of one such embodiment, as regards one guide plate 4.
  • Figures 5(a), (b) and (c) illustrate the same guide plate from different angles, so that (a) illustrates the situation when viewed in the direction of the feed screw 1, (b) illustrates the situation when viewed from the side of the feed screw, and (c) illustrates the situation when viewed from the top of the feed screw.
  • the guide plate is in the area of said vertical channel inclined in the vertical direction of the earlier defined vertical plane, whereas below the troweling beam the guide plate is inclined in the horizontal direction of the defined vertical plane.
  • the guide element is inclined at an angle of 0 - 5° with respect to the vertical plane passing via the center axis of the feed screw, and at largest the angle can be about 30°.
  • the inclination can also be of the same degree as was mentioned above ( Figure 4 (c) ).
  • part of several different guide elements 4 placed above one and the same feed screw 1 can be inclined in different directions, in different ways, and part can be placed in parallel with the defined vertical plane.
  • Various different combinations are possible, and the appropriate structure and shape of the guide element or elements can be defined separately in each case.
  • said at least one guide element 4 is placed in a different way above each different feed screw 1.
  • at least one set of guide elements 4 of feed screws 1 located at the edges can be different and/or inclined in a different way than at least one set of guide elements 4 of feed screw or screws 1 located in the middle.
  • the top troweling beam is designed to conform to the shape of the screw, both in the longitudinal and in the transversal direction.
  • This design can be realized either by a separate guide element attached to the troweling beam, or the troweling beam itself is shaped appropriately.
  • the extension of the element 4 in the area of the orifice of the concrete mix container must be optimized, so that it does not disturb the flowing of the mix from the concrete mix container 5, but it causes an optimal distribution of the concrete mix on the top and bottom surfaces of the product to be cast.
  • the shape and structure of the guide element 4 can be designed and measured individually for each application of usage.
  • the concrete mix is guided in a balanced way, so that the mix flow is evenly distributed on the top and bottom surfaces of the product to be cast, in the longitudinal direction of the whole product. This is partly due to the fact that the component of the mix speed vector that is transversal to the casting direction, i.e. the rotary motion of the mix along with the screw, is minimized also above the feed screw.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant comprenant au moins deux vis d'amenée (1) et au moins un élément de guidage (4) pour équilibrer l'amenée d'un mélange de béton entre les surfaces supérieure et inférieure du produit en béton à couler, appareil dans lequel ledit au moins un élément de guidage (4) est fixé à une poutre à truelle (3), caractérisé en ce que le au moins un élément de guidage (4) est placé à et au-dessus de chacune desdites au moins deux vis d'amenée (1) et non pas dans la zone qui subsiste entre lesdites au moins deux vis séparées (1) de sorte que dans la direction longitudinale de l'appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant, ledit au moins un élément de guidage (4) s'étend sensiblement à partir de la moitié du canal vertical formé par une plaque de masse (10) et la poutre à truelle (3) sensiblement jusqu'à l'extrémité de la partie filetée desdites vis d'amenée (1), et dans le direction verticale, ledit au moins un élément de guidage (4) s'étend de la poutre à truelle (3) et dans la zone dudit canal vertical, depuis la hauteur non supérieure à 300 mm au-dessus de la surface (11) de la poutre à truelle (3), sensiblement au voisinage immédiat des filetages desdites vis d'amenée (1) sur toute la longueur dudit élément de guidage (4).
  2. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon la revendication 1, comprenant au moins deux éléments de guidage (4) placés au-dessus de chacune desdites vis d'amenée (1).
  3. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon la revendication 1, comprenant trois éléments de guidage (4) placés au-dessus de chacune desdites vis d'amenée (1).
  4. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit au moins un élément de guidage est une plaque de guidage (4a/4b).
  5. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon la revendication 4, dans lequel le bord inférieur de la plaque de guidage (4a/4b) est pourvu de dents.
  6. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon la revendication 4, dans lequel au moins une des parois latérales de la plaque de guidage (4a/4b) présente des dents.
  7. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit au moins un élément de guidage (4) s'étend dans la direction verticale, dans la zone dudit canal vertical, sur la hauteur de 50 - 200 mm, et de préférence sur la hauteur de 100 - 150 mm au-dessus de la surface (11) de la poutre à truelle.
  8. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit élément de guidage (4) s'étend dans la direction verticale sur la distance de 0 à 50 mm, de préférence sur la distance de 1 - 20 mm des filetages de la vis d'amenée.
  9. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit au moins un élément de guidage (4) est sensiblement parallèle au plan vertical passant dans la direction de l'axe central de la vis d'amenée (1).
  10. Appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, dans lequel ledit au moins un élément de guidage (4) est incliné par rapport à un plan vertical passant dans la direction de l'axe central de la vis d'amenée (1).
  11. Procédé de coulage d'un produit en béton avec un appareil de moulage à coffrage glissant, ledit produit en béton ayant une surface supérieure et une surface inférieure, ledit procédé comprenant les étapes suivantes:
    (a) un mélange de béton est amené d'un contenant de mélange de béton (5) sous pression hydrostatique à au moins deux vis d'amenée (1) ;
    (b) ledit mélange de béton est extrudé dans un moule défini par un lit de moulage (9), les parois latérales (8) et une poutre à truelle supérieure (3), au moyen d'un mouvement rotatif et de va-et-vient desdites au moins deux vis d'amenée (1),
    caractérisé en ce que le procédé comprend également l'étape suivante :
    (c) l'amenée dudit mélange de béton est équilibrée au moins d'au moins un élément de guidage (4) fixé à la poutre à truelle (3) au-dessus de chacune desdites au moins deux vis d'amenée (1) et situé à et au-dessus desdites au moins deux vis d'amenée (1) et non pas dans la zone qui subsiste entre lesdites au moins deux vis séparées.
EP10174989.3A 2009-09-02 2010-09-02 Dispositif et procédé pour le coulage de produits en béton par moulage avec un coffrage glissant Not-in-force EP2292397B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20095902A FI125864B (fi) 2009-09-02 2009-09-02 Laitteisto ja menetelmä betonituotteen valamiseksi

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2292397A2 EP2292397A2 (fr) 2011-03-09
EP2292397A3 EP2292397A3 (fr) 2013-12-11
EP2292397B1 true EP2292397B1 (fr) 2014-11-05

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10174989.3A Not-in-force EP2292397B1 (fr) 2009-09-02 2010-09-02 Dispositif et procédé pour le coulage de produits en béton par moulage avec un coffrage glissant

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2292397B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2524604T3 (fr)
FI (1) FI125864B (fr)

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI48902C (fi) 1971-08-02 1975-02-10 Toijalan Teraesvalmiste Velj V Laattojen, levyjen tai palkkien valmistukseen käytettävä liukuvalukone .
FI76514C (fi) 1986-04-07 1989-07-31 Kt Suunnittelu Oy Foerfarande och anordning foer gjutning av betongelement.
FI117130B (fi) * 2001-06-27 2006-06-30 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Menetelmä ja laite betonituotteen valmistamiseksi
FI114623B (fi) 2002-09-16 2004-11-30 Consolis Technology Oy Ab Menetelmä ja laitteisto betonituotteen valamiseksi
FI118175B (fi) 2006-02-15 2007-08-15 Elematic Oy Ab Menetelmä, laitteisto sekä syöttöruuvi betonituotteen valamiseksi liukuvalulla

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20095902A (fi) 2011-03-03
EP2292397A3 (fr) 2013-12-11
EP2292397A2 (fr) 2011-03-09
FI125864B (fi) 2016-03-15
FI20095902A0 (fi) 2009-09-02
ES2524604T3 (es) 2014-12-10

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