EP2290185A1 - Method and composite system for reducing traffic noise in buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

The method involves temporarily closing openings (17) of the buildings (15,16) with arising traffic noise in automatic manner. The openings of the building are closed in consequence of a traffic noise on basis of actual traffic data.

Description

The invention relates to a method for reducing traffic noise in a building having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1.

The daily noise pollution caused by road traffic, rail traffic and air traffic to residents or users of buildings is fed almost entirely from regional sources. The previous measures to reduce this burden are differentiated by active measures, usually noise reduction, and passive measures, such as noise barriers, installation of soundproof windows and roof insulation.

The present invention relates to a passive measure for reducing traffic noise.

The openings of a building, which are automatically closed temporarily in a method having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1, are in particular windows of the building. But it can also be any other openings that can be opened to ventilate the building, such as doors or ventilation openings.

STATE OF THE ART

Passive noise abatement measures such as the installation of soundproof windows and soundproofing fans can, for example, significantly reduce the amount of noise emitted by nocturnal traffic noise in buildings - especially in dormitories. When using Schalldämmlüftern but the insufficient air exchange, drafts, operating noise, the required structural changes due to wall cracks, space requirements and the appearance of a great disadvantage. The natural need of residents for a uniform continuous ventilation, as it is usually achieved through open windows, certainly can not be achieved with noise protection fans and closed soundproof windows. In addition, with a general shielding against noise from outside the building, the quality of life of the residents suffers due to the elimination of natural noise such as rain and birds chirping. Thus, this passive noise protection measures with a relatively high cost only an inadequate solution of the traffic noise problem is achieved.

A method having the features of the preamble of independent claim 1 is known from DE 36 20 815 A1 which reveals a fast closing window to keep out noise. This window is closed by means of an acoustic sensor after exceeding a predetermined noise level motor. However, until the window is completely closed, the swelling noise still affects the occupants of the respective building.

There are also noise protection windows with a programmable closing function known to close these windows at times of repetitive traffic noise. However, the effectiveness of this noise abatement requires that the programming of the locking mechanism be regularly updated and that the sources of traffic noise comply with the given times.

Motor drives for automatically closing and reopening windows, doors and other openings of buildings are generally known to those skilled in the art.

The standard equipment of aircraft is increasingly automatic, on-board ADS-B transponders (Automatic Dependent Surveillance Broadcast). They serve for Display of flight movements and locating and monitoring of stationary and moving aircraft. These determine, for example via satellite navigation systems such as GPS and EGNOS, independently their position and send with a standardized transmission protocol undirected and every second the flight data such as position, flight number, aircraft type, time signal, speed, altitude and planned flight direction. The range of the ADS-B broadcast is up to 200 nautical miles.

In rail-bound traffic, control systems are also used in which the individual rail vehicles emit signals which, in addition to train identifications, include information about the position and / or direction of travel and / or speed of the rail vehicle.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention has for its object to provide a method with the features of the preamble of independent claim 1, with the penetration of traffic noise in buildings can be particularly effectively prevented without loss of quality of life occurs through permanently closed openings of the building.

SOLUTION

According to the invention the object is achieved by a method having the features of independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the new method are defined in the dependent claims.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In the new noise reduction method in a building, the openings used to ventilate the building are temporarily closed as a result of a traffic noise prediction made for the building on the basis of up-to-date traffic data on vehicles still remote from the building. The present invention thus takes a third approach, besides the known ways of closing windows in the actual occurrence of noise on the building and the closing of windows at times when noise occurs repeatedly. Due to the traffic noise prediction due In current traffic data, the procedure does not rely on any timetables or other temporal regularities being met by sources of traffic noise. Nevertheless, the openings of the building can be closed in advance of actually occurring on the building traffic noise, because according to the invention traffic data are still taken away from the building vehicles, so that the phase of swelling of the traffic noise is shielded by the closed openings of the building ,

The distance of the vehicles, which traffic data is taken into account in the new traffic prediction method, so that the openings of the respective building can be closed in time, before the predicted traffic noise swells, depends on how fast the vehicles typically become relevant sources of traffic noise to move to the building. In addition, the strength and the frequency spectrum of the typical relevant sources of traffic noise as well as the speed of sound, the presence of sound shields and any weather conditions. Typically, the new method will take into account traffic data for vehicles located at a distance of at least 500 m, preferably at a distance of at least 1000 m, and most preferably at a distance of at least 5 km from the building. If the relevant traffic noise is, in particular, aircraft noise, it makes sense to also consider traffic data for aircraft at an even greater distance than 5 km from the building. There is no upper limit to the maximum distance of the considered vehicles from the building; Vehicles very far away from the building, however, will make little comment on the traffic noise prediction and can therefore be disregarded. The traffic noise prediction can also include traffic data for vehicles closer to the building.

According to the invention, the acquired traffic data particularly includes information on the position, the direction of movement and the speed of movement of a noise source formed by a vehicle. In addition, information about the volume and the frequency spectrum of the respective noise source can come. The extraction of traffic data to the vehicles can be done by means of sensors on the roads with fixed traffic routes bound traffic noise. Any existing data of a traffic monitoring system can also be used. In the case of aircraft noise, this concerns, in particular, the data of a flight control or air traffic control. Furthermore, it is possible to Derive traffic data from vehicle identification signals emitted by transmitters on the vehicles, for example from ADS-B transponders on aircraft.

The traffic noise prediction is preferably made taking into account all factors which significantly influence the time of the impact of the noise on the respective building. This may include weather data, in particular wind speeds and wind directions. Of course, weather data can also be used to close the opening of a building in the event of an approaching thunderstorm or the like. Likewise, it is possible to initiate an automatic closure of the opening of the building when air masses with any dangerous contaminants approach the building.

The traffic noise prediction according to the invention comprises at least the times at which traffic noise events are to be expected at the location of the building. In addition, the nature of the expected traffic noise event can be identified, for example according to the type of vehicle causing the traffic noise or the expected volume.

In principle, the traffic noise prediction according to the invention can be made specifically for a single building. However, it is preferable to make the traffic noise prediction specific to sectors each comprising a plurality of buildings. These may be streets, squares or the like in which traffic noise occurs at all buildings at substantially the same time. The meaningful size of these sectors also depends on the type of sources of traffic noise considered in particular. In the case of aircraft noise or on high-speed train paths, the sectors may be larger than when considering lower-speed inner-city road traffic.

In the new method, due to the traffic noise prediction, closing commands are generated for the openings of the building, which are implemented at these openings by suitable mechanisms of conventional design. It is understood that the consideration of individual specifications for the respective building makes sense, for example, to take into account the speed of drives for the respective openings. These individual specifications can also take into account noise sensitivities or noise insensitivity of the residents.

The closing command may be repeated until the traffic data indicates that the traffic noise event has passed the respective building. The openings of the respective building can be opened again in this case, as soon as the closing command is no longer present. Alternatively, the re-opening of the openings closed as a result of a closing command can be triggered by an additionally generated opening command. In either case, the reopening of the openings may be made conditional on a sensor on the particular building confirming that the noise event is actually over. This sensor can be used in a basically known manner also to cause a closure of the openings of a building then, when in its vicinity an unpredictable noise event occurs.

In the implementation of the new procedure, the traffic noise prediction can be centralized, i. H. be taken in a central office, in which the relevant traffic data may be evaluated for different sectors. This central then transmits the traffic noise prediction or directly derived therefrom closing and optionally also opening commands to all connected buildings. This transmission can take place via an arbitrary telecommunication network or even a radio link functioning only in one direction. An alternative is the local collection and evaluation of traffic data in each individual building, e.g. using an ADS-B receiver and special software.

A cost-effective implementation of the new method for the residents or users of individual buildings requires that the traffic noise forecasts or the corresponding closing commands can be obtained inexpensively. This succeeds readily if these data are generated in a central office for a large number of users and the costs of the generation can be correspondingly distributed among these large numbers of users.

Advantageous developments of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the description and the drawings. The advantages of features and of combinations of several features mentioned in the introduction to the description are merely exemplary and can come into effect alternatively or cumulatively, without the advantages having to be achieved by embodiments according to the invention. Further features are the drawings - in particular the illustrated geometries and the relative dimensions of several components to each other and their relative arrangement and operative connection - refer. The combination of features of different embodiments of the Invention or features of different claims is also different from the chosen relationships of the claims possible and is hereby stimulated. This also applies to those features which are shown in separate drawings or are mentioned in their description. These features can also be combined with features of different claims. Likewise, in the claims listed features for further embodiments of the invention can be omitted.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1

skizziert die Anwendung des neuen Verfahrens auf die Verkehrslärmreduzierung im Umfeld eines Flughafens.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to a specific embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings and described.

Fig. 1

outlines the application of the new procedure on traffic noise reduction in the vicinity of an airport.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Fig. 1 Outlines a territory 1 around an airport 2 with a runway 3 and a runway 4. The territory is divided into individual contiguous grid squares 5, which are also referred to here as sectors 6, 7. In a center 8 traffic data for aircraft 10, 11 landing on the runway 3 or starting from the runway 4, in particular with respect to their current position, their direction of movement and their movement speed evaluated and based thereon, taking into account weather data, such as the direction and strength of wind 12, traffic noise forecasts for the individual sectors 6, 7 met. The central 8 can be summarized differently as shown in the figure with the flight line 9 of the airport 2. Regardless, they can rely on traffic data that are available in the flight control anyway, or this independently z. B. from ADS-B signals from the aircraft 10, 11 generate. Based on the traffic noise forecasts 8 individual closing commands 13, 14 for the individual sectors 6, 7 are generated in the center and transmitted in the present case by radio link in the sectors 6, 7. These closing commands 13, 14 are received on buildings 15, 16 in the sectors 6, 7, and openings 17 of these buildings, in particular windows 18 provided with motor drives, are closed in response to the closing commands 13, 14 before an approaching traffic noise event. It can the close commands also include information as to when the predicted traffic noise event is likely to be over so that the openings 17 of the buildings 15, 16 can be reopened without the risk of traffic noise entering the respective building 15 or 16. The closing command may also be repeated until the traffic data indicates that the traffic noise event has passed the respective building 15, 16. In addition, the actual re-opening of the openings 17 may be made dependent on a sensor on the respective building 15, 16 no longer indicating noise. Despite the aircraft noise events that occur, therefore, the windows 18 for the desired ventilation of the buildings 15, 16 remain substantially open. In the Fig. 1 In the situation sketched with the aircraft 10 and 11, it can be understood that in the sector 6 in which the building 15 is located, the windows 18 must now be closed immediately in order to prevent aircraft noise from landing on the aircraft 10 Runway 3 begins to avoid in the building 15. A little later, the windows 18 of the building 16 in the sector 7 must be closed in order to prevent the entry of aircraft noise of the aircraft 11 starting from the runway 4 into the building 16. In both cases, the wind 12 delays the arrival of sound waves that precede the aircraft 10 and 11, on the buildings 15 and 16. Conversely, the sound sounds longer due to the wind 12.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

territory

2

Airport

3

Runway

4

runway

5

planquadrat

6

sector

7

sector

8th

headquarters

9

Mission Control

10

aircraft

11

aircraft

12

wind

13

Closing and opening command

14

Closing and opening command

15

building

16

building

17

opening

18

window

Claims (15)

A method for reducing traffic noise in a building (15, 16), wherein openings (17) of the building (15, 16) are automatically closed automatically when traffic noise occurs, characterized in that the openings (17) of the building (15, 16) result in succession a traffic noise prediction is made for the building (15, 16) based on current traffic data to vehicles still located away from the building. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the traffic noise prediction is made taking into account traffic data to vehicles located at a distance of at least 500 m, preferably at a distance of at least 1000 m and most preferably at a distance of at least 5 km the building (15, 16). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic data comprise information on the position, the direction of movement and the speed of movement of a noise source formed by a vehicle. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic data comprise information about the volume and the frequency spectrum of a noise source formed by a vehicle. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic data are detected by means of sensors on traffic routes. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that data of a traffic monitoring system are used as traffic data. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that are used as traffic data from a flight line (9), air traffic control or vehicle identification signals. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic noise prediction is made taking into account weather data, in particular the speed and direction of wind (12). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic noise prediction identifies the time and type of an expected traffic noise event. Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic noise prediction is made specifically for individual sectors (6, 7) each comprising a plurality of buildings (15, 11). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that closing commands (13, 14) for the openings (17) of the building (15, 16) are generated on the basis of the traffic noise prediction. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that the closing and opening commands (13, 14) are generated taking into account individual specifications for the building (15, 16). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the traffic noise prediction or the closing commands (13, 14) are transmitted from a control center (8) to a plurality of buildings (15, 16). Method according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the building (15, 16) the traffic noise prediction is made and the closing commands (13, 14) are generated. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that the traffic noise prediction or closing commands (13, 14) are transmitted to the buildings (15, 16) via a wireless or wireline telecommunications network.

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