EP2289137A1 - Ensemble et procédé pour produire un signal d erreur - Google Patents

Ensemble et procédé pour produire un signal d erreur

Info

Publication number
EP2289137A1
EP2289137A1 EP08773689A EP08773689A EP2289137A1 EP 2289137 A1 EP2289137 A1 EP 2289137A1 EP 08773689 A EP08773689 A EP 08773689A EP 08773689 A EP08773689 A EP 08773689A EP 2289137 A1 EP2289137 A1 EP 2289137A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
value
current
voltage
measured
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08773689A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Jurisch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2289137A1 publication Critical patent/EP2289137A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/26—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents
    • H02H3/28—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus
    • H02H3/30—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus using pilot wires or other signalling channel
    • H02H3/305—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to difference between voltages or between currents; responsive to phase angle between voltages or between currents involving comparison of the voltage or current values at two spaced portions of a single system, e.g. at opposite ends of one line, at input and output of apparatus using pilot wires or other signalling channel involving current comparison

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method having the features according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • electrical protective devices For the monitoring of faults in electrical power supply lines, electrical protective devices are usually used which, using special protection algorithms, make a decision as to whether an error exists on the electrical energy transmission line. Upon detection of an error, suitable countermeasures are automatically taken; Typically, circuit breakers are opened to isolate the fault.
  • a frequently used protection algorithm in this context is the so-called differential protection.
  • an electrical differential protection device is provided at each end of a monitored line section of the electrical power supply line, which detects current readings indicative of the current flowing on the line section by means of current transformers attached to the respective ends of the line section.
  • current readings may be current sense readings that provide greater accuracy than simple rms values because they include information about the amplitude and phase angle of the current being measured.
  • the acquired current measured values are exchanged between the differential protection devices via a communication line and compared with each other. In the fault-free case, the same current flows into the line section at a certain point in time, as it flows out of it.
  • Circuit breakers connected to the differential protection devices at the ends of the line section can then switch off the phase affected by the short circuit.
  • the differential protection devices generate as error signal a so-called TRIP signal (release signal), which causes the connected circuit breakers to open their switch contacts, whereby the faulty part of the line section is separated from the rest of the power supply line.
  • the invention has for its object to further improve protection method of the type described above and to increase their protective effect.
  • Erf indungsgelien is provided that for a selectable location on the line using at least one recorded at a given measurement time at the end of a line current and voltage measurement, a first comparison value that indicates the current or voltage that should flow or should be present in the faultless state at the selectable location, for the selectable location on the line using at least one at the other measurement end taken at the predetermined measurement time
  • a second comparison value is determined, which indicates the current or the voltage that had to flow or had to lie in the fault-free state at the selectable location, and the two comparison values are subtracted to form the difference value.
  • a significant advantage of the method according to the invention is the fact that in this measurement error due to a large distance between the two line ends are avoided. This is concretely attributable to the fact that, in contrast to previously known methods, measured values which refer to different points of the line are not compared, but instead measured values which refer to one and the same measuring point are compared. In particular, with a large distance between the two line ends, the problem may arise that, for example, the currents at the two line ends differ, although no error has occurred. This is where the invention starts, in that according to the invention only measured values for a single location are taken into account for comparing the measured values and for generating the error signal, the measured values for this location being determined on the basis of the measurement results at the line ends.
  • comparison values can be time-related or frequency-related, for example using current and / or voltage indicators.
  • the second comparison value is preferably determined both using a current measurement value recorded at the other line end and using a voltage measurement value recorded at the other line end at the predetermined measurement time.
  • the current or voltage measurement value at the other line end is preferably used directly as the second comparison value.
  • the determination of the two comparison values takes place in a particularly simple and thus advantageous manner taking into account the telegraph equation describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves on lines.
  • the propagation constant and the characteristic impedance of the line are determined in a fault-free parameter learning phase for the application of the telegraph equation.
  • the propagation constant and the surge impedance during the parameter learning phase with- means of determined an estimation method said to be adapted as part of the treasure method, the magnitude and phase of the Ausbrei ⁇ tung constant and the characteristic impedance of the line that the deviation between the actual first comparison value and the second comparison value is minimal.
  • the estimation method preferably a least squares estimation method, a Kalman filtering algorithm or an ARMAX estimation method is used.
  • the first and the second comparison value can be determined, for example, according to:
  • comparison current values are thus formed as comparison values.
  • comparison voltage values can also be formed as comparison values, for example according to FIG.
  • VUl Ua * cosh ( ⁇ * L) + Z * Ia sinh ( ⁇ * L)
  • VU2 Ub
  • Z is the characteristic impedance of the line
  • ⁇ is the propagation constant on the line
  • L is the length of the line
  • Ua is the voltage measured at one end of the line
  • Ia is the measured current value received at one end of the line
  • Ub is the voltage measurement taken at the other end of the line.
  • VUl the first comparison value
  • VU2 the second comparison value.
  • the first and the second comparison value can be determined in the form of comparison current values, preferably according to:
  • comparison voltage values can also be formed, preferably according to:
  • VUl Ua * cosh ( ⁇ * l) + Z * Ia sinh ( ⁇ * l)
  • VU2 Ub * cosh ( ⁇ * (L-I)) + Z * Ib sinh ( ⁇ * (L-I))
  • Z is the characteristic impedance of the line
  • ⁇ is the propagation constant on the line
  • L is the length of the line
  • 1 is the line length between the selectable location and the one line end
  • Ua is the voltage measured value recorded at the one line end
  • Ia is the measured current value received at the one line end
  • Ub at the other end of the line taken voltage reading
  • Ib the current measured value taken at the other end of the line
  • VUl the first reference value
  • VU2 the second reference value
  • the summands can be converted into IIR filters to form the comparison current values.
  • the equation already described is described below by way of example
  • this equation can be reshaped by summarizing the constant complex transfer functions as follows:
  • V ⁇ l (j ⁇ ) Gl (jco) * Ua (j ⁇ ) + G2 (j ⁇ ) * Ia (j ⁇ )
  • the comparison value can also be determined as a time-discrete sample from the samples of the current and voltage measurements.
  • the current and voltage measured values at the two line ends can also be measured unsynchronized; in such a case, it is considered advantageous if the current and voltage measurement values are provided with a time stamp indicating the respective recording time of the measured values, and the current and voltage measured values of the two line ends are mathematically synchronized using their respective recording time and current and voltage measured values related to the given measuring time are formed.
  • the invention also relates to an arrangement for generating an error signal, which indicates a ground fault on a line between a first and a second line end.
  • the arrangement comprises: a first measuring device at the first line end of the line, a second measuring device at the second line end of the line and one with the the evaluation devices connected to the measuring devices, which is suitable to execute a method as described above with the measured values of the two measuring devices.
  • the evaluation device is preferably formed by a programmed data processing system or data processing device.
  • the evaluation device can be arranged, for example, in a central device with which the two measuring devices are connected.
  • the two measuring devices can be connected to one another, wherein the evaluation device is implemented in one of the measuring devices.
  • the invention also relates to a field device, in particular protective device, for connection to a line end of an electrical line and for detecting a ground fault on the line.
  • the field device includes: a Ausreteinrich ⁇ tung, which is suitable for a method as Georgiazien described above, and a data port for connection to another measuring device for receiving measured values that relate to the other line end of the line.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a bedssab- section with a differential protection system
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a differential protection device.
  • the same reference numerals are used in the figures for identical or comparable components.
  • FIG. 1 shows a differential protection system 10 which is arranged on a line section 11 of a three-phase electrical power supply line which is not otherwise shown.
  • the conduit portion 11 in Fig. 1 is shown for simplicity as a conduit portion having two ends, it may be a conduit portion having three or more ends. The method described below is to apply to a line section with more than two ends accordingly.
  • the line section 11 shown in FIG. 1 comprises, as a three-phase line section, individual phases IIa, IIb and IIc.
  • first end 12 of the line section 11 at a first location x 0
  • the currents flowing in the conductor phases IIa, IIb and IIc as well as the voltages applied to the conductor phases are measured by means of primary transformers 13a, 13b and 13c which are not shown in detail a first Differentialschutzgerat 14 a supplied.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b monitor the line section 11 for any errors that may occur, such as short circuits.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b transmit the measured values acquired by them via a communication path 17 existing between them.
  • the communication link 17 can be both wired and wireless. Usually 17 copper cables or optical fibers are used as a communication link.
  • the differential protection devices 14a and 14b check on the basis of the own measured values and the measured values received from the other end by a subtraction explained in detail below, whether an error exists on the line section 11 of the energy transmission line.
  • each differential protection device 14a or 14b checks whether the difference between its own and the received measured values exceeds a triggering threshold and, in the event of an error signal being exceeded, outputs a trip signal T to a trip signal each associated circuit breaker 18a and 18b from. If the measured values for each phase are acquired and transmitted individually, the faulty phase can also be uniquely determined in this way. By means of the trip signal T, the respective power switch 18a or 18b is caused to open its switching contacts assigned to the respective faulty phase so as to separate the faulty phase from the electrical energy transmission line.
  • FIG. 1 shows by way of example a short circuit 19 between the phase 11c of the line section 11 and the earth. net; the power switches 18a and 18b each have opened their belonging to the concerned be ⁇ phase switching contacts 11c, 11c to isolate the phase supply line from the electric Energy Enterprisetra-.
  • the current measured values acquired by the primary transducers 13a, 13b, 13c or 16a, 16b, 16c can be converted, for example, into current vector measured values which provide information about the amplitude and phase position of the device at the respective end 12 or 15 flowing
  • I 0A i is the amplitude of phase IIa
  • I OA2 is the amplitude of
  • Phase IIb and I OA3 means the amplitude of the phase 11c respectively at the end 12 of the line section. Accordingly, ⁇ t 0A i represents the phase angle of the current in phase IIa, ⁇ t ⁇ A2 the phase angle of the current in phase IIb and ⁇ t OA 3, the phase angle of the current in phase 11c.
  • the current counter as follows:
  • the transmission of the current vector measured values and the comparison in the respective differential protection devices 14a or 14b can likewise be carried out in the pointer annotation.
  • the current vector measured values in the respective detecting differential protection device 14a or 14b are assigned a time stamp which indicates the time of their detection.
  • the first operation should be done in advance, but only as long as:
  • this value is preferably by a factor of the dielectric constant of the cable insulation (about 5) vermin changed ⁇ . This amounts to the limit in cable networks about 12km.
  • the two differential protection devices 14a and 14b according to FIG. 1 have at least one second operating mode instead of the described first operating mode or in addition thereto, which can be selected by the user for larger distances or by default, because of its greater accuracy.
  • the second mode of operation differs from the first mode in that the comparison values used to generate the error signal relate to one and the same position on the line. Which point is selected for this is in principle arbitrary, so that the point is referred to below as arbitrary point xw.
  • 1 can in principle be any value between - ⁇ and + ⁇ , but preferably between 0 and L; it is therefore preferable:
  • first and second comparison current values are determined, for example, according to:
  • the comparison current values are determined and evaluated on a phase-by-phase basis.
  • the propagation constant ⁇ , the characteristic impedance Z and / or the line length L are determined, for example, during a parameter learning phase, during which no error is allowed to occur in the line section 11, by means of a sweep method
  • Amount and the phase of the propagation constant, the characteristic impedance of the line and / or the line length L are adapted such that the deviation between the first comparison value and the second comparison value is minimal.
  • a least squares estimation method, a Kalman filter algorithm or an ARMAX estimation method can be used as the estimation method.
  • the two parameters for the propagation constant ⁇ and the Z can also be determined by the user in the context of a pararnetering step, be it on the basis of theoretically determined or measured values.
  • this difference value fulfills a predetermined triggering condition, for example, lies within or outside a predetermined triggering region of a differential value triggering diagram or simply exceeds a predetermined maximum value, then the error or trip signal T is generated for the respective phase of the line.
  • the first and second reference voltage values VU1 and VU2 are determined, for example, according to:
  • VUl Ua * cosh ( ⁇ * l) + Z * Ia sinh ( ⁇ * l)
  • VU2 Ub * cosh ( ⁇ * (L-I)) + Z * Ib sinh ( ⁇ * (L-I))
  • FIG. 2 shows by way of example the differential protection device 14a in a detailed representation.
  • the differential protection device 14a has a measured-value detection device 22, which contains an A / D converter 23 and is connected to the line section 11 and in each case current and voltage measured values U and I are obtained for each phase.
  • a measured-value detection device 22 contains an A / D converter 23 and is connected to the line section 11 and in each case current and voltage measured values U and I are obtained for each phase.
  • the Dif ferential irritation 14a in the illustration shown in Figure 2 is only connected to the phase IIa at the end 12 of the line section 11; the data acquisition with respect to the remaining phases IIb and IIc is not shown in FIG. 2, but it does occur in a corresponding manner.
  • Differential protection device 14a also has an internal timer 24, which is synchronized via an external time signal with the internal timers of other differential protection devices, in particular differential protection device 14b.
  • the external time signal may, for example, be a time signal which is derived from a GPS signal received by means of an antenna 27.
  • Another example of an external timer is a time clock of a so-called "real-time Ethernet network", in which case a corresponding Ethernet interface is provided instead of the antenna 27, via which the device can also communicate in the network.
  • the internal timer 24 transmits a time signal to the measured value acquisition device 22, which assigns to each detected voltage and current measured value a time stamp which indicates the time at which the respective measured value was detected.
  • the respective measured value is fed to an evaluation device-for example in the form of a data processing device 25.
  • the data processing device 25 is provided with a communication device
  • a trip signal T is generated and delivered to the circuit breaker 18a, not shown in Figure 2.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Locating Faults (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention se rapporte entre autres à un procédé pour produire un signal d’erreur (T), qui signale un défaut à la terre sur une ligne entre deux extrémités de ligne, une valeur différentielle étant formée et le signal d’erreur étant produit lorsque la valeur différentielle satisfait à une condition de déclenchement prédéterminée. Selon l’invention, pour un emplacement (xw) pouvant être choisi sur la ligne (11), en utilisant au moins une valeur de mesure de courant et de tension (Ia, Ua) relevée au niveau de l’une des extrémités de ligne (12) à un instant prédéterminé de mesure, on détermine une première valeur de comparaison (VI1, VU1) qui indique le courant ou la tension devant passer ou s’appliquer dans un état exempt d’erreur à l’emplacement pouvant être choisi. Pour l’emplacement pouvant être choisi sur la ligne en utilisant au moins une valeur de mesure de courant ou de tension (Ib, Ub) relevée à l’instant de mesure prédéterminé au niveau de l’autre extrémité de ligne (15), on détermine une seconde valeur de comparaison (VI2, VU2). On calcule ensuite la différence entre les deux valeurs de comparaison de manière à obtenir la valeur différentielle (D).
EP08773689A 2008-06-18 2008-06-18 Ensemble et procédé pour produire un signal d erreur Withdrawn EP2289137A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2008/005212 WO2009152841A1 (fr) 2008-06-18 2008-06-18 Ensemble et procédé pour produire un signal d’erreur

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EP2289137A1 true EP2289137A1 (fr) 2011-03-02

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Family Applications (1)

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EP08773689A Withdrawn EP2289137A1 (fr) 2008-06-18 2008-06-18 Ensemble et procédé pour produire un signal d erreur

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US (1) US20110098951A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2289137A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN102067403B (fr)
WO (1) WO2009152841A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009000304A1 (fr) * 2007-06-27 2008-12-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé pour accroître la sensibilité d'un système de protection différentielle
CN101981774B (zh) * 2008-04-03 2014-06-25 西门子公司 用于产生故障信号的方法、装置和现场设备
CN102623972A (zh) * 2012-03-31 2012-08-01 郭振威 输电线路单端暂态信号高频分量处理量差动保护方法
DE102013201626A1 (de) * 2013-01-31 2014-07-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Anordnung mit einer linear strukturierten Einrichtung und Verfahren zum Betreiben dieser Einrichtung
US20160274166A1 (en) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Eaton Corporation Ground fault monitoring system
EP3136528B1 (fr) * 2015-08-31 2020-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procede de protection differentielle, dispositif de protection differentielle et systeme de protection differentielle
EP3351949B1 (fr) * 2017-01-18 2019-08-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé et dispositif de détermination de l'emplacement d'un défaut à la terre par rapport à une conduite d'un réseau d'alimentation électrique triphasé ayant un point en étoile non mis à la terre

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FR1560518A (fr) * 1968-01-24 1969-03-21
US4402028A (en) * 1981-08-17 1983-08-30 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Protective relay methods and apparatus
US7123459B2 (en) * 2003-04-07 2006-10-17 Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories, Inc. Protective relay capable of protection applications without protection settings
CN1297050C (zh) * 2003-06-11 2007-01-24 贺家李 输电线路纵联保护方法
CN100420114C (zh) * 2005-01-14 2008-09-17 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 抗ta暂态不平衡的发电机差动保护方法
US8729905B2 (en) * 2006-05-22 2014-05-20 General Electric Company Method of detecting faults on an electrical power line
CN100588066C (zh) * 2006-06-02 2010-02-03 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 基于长线方程实现的线路差动保护的方法
CN100550557C (zh) * 2006-12-19 2009-10-14 北京四方继保自动化股份有限公司 大型电力变压器负序电流差动保护方法
MX2010002163A (es) * 2007-09-28 2010-06-02 Schweitzer Engineering Lab Inc Comparadores de amplitud y de fase para proteccion de linea.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN102067403B (zh) 2014-09-10
US20110098951A1 (en) 2011-04-28
WO2009152841A1 (fr) 2009-12-23
CN102067403A (zh) 2011-05-18

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