EP2287447A2 - Aube thermoplastique - Google Patents

Aube thermoplastique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP2287447A2
EP2287447A2 EP10169024A EP10169024A EP2287447A2 EP 2287447 A2 EP2287447 A2 EP 2287447A2 EP 10169024 A EP10169024 A EP 10169024A EP 10169024 A EP10169024 A EP 10169024A EP 2287447 A2 EP2287447 A2 EP 2287447A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fiber
turbine blade
damping
matrix
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP10169024A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2287447A3 (fr
EP2287447B1 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Ebert
Detlef Haje
Albert Langkamp
Markus Mantei
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP2287447A2 publication Critical patent/EP2287447A2/fr
Publication of EP2287447A3 publication Critical patent/EP2287447A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2287447B1 publication Critical patent/EP2287447B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F05D2300/436—Polyetherketones, e.g. PEEK

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a turbine blade. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a turbine, in particular a steam turbine. Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a turbine blade.
  • vibration damping is generated via additional damping wires or shrouds on the surface of the blades. Due to the blade geometry, these damping wires or shrouds must often be applied extremely cumbersome to the blades, which in turn entails a deterioration in efficiency and requires a complex manufacturing effort.
  • the object is achieved by a turbine blade, a turbine, in particular a steam turbine, and a method for producing a turbine blade with the features according to the independent patent claims.
  • a turbine blade wherein portions of the turbine blade or the entire turbine blade constitute or comprise a damping region from a damping layer.
  • the damping layer has a fiber-matrix system.
  • the fiber-matrix system has a thermoplastic matrix in which matrix reinforcing fibers are embedded.
  • a turbine having the turbine blade described above.
  • a method of manufacturing a turbine blade is provided.
  • reinforcing fibers are first embedded in a thermoplastic matrix to form a fiber matrix system of a cushioning layer.
  • a damping region of the turbine blade is formed.
  • the damping region may form portions of the turbine blade or the entire turbine blade.
  • the term "damping region” describes a region of a turbine blade in which damping properties of the turbine blade are integrated.
  • the damping region is installed in particular in those areas of the turbine blade, in which usually higher shear or torque loads occur than in the other areas of the turbine blade, so that in these damping areas Damping is desired. Furthermore, larger vibrations can be damped in the damping region than in the remaining regions of the turbine blade.
  • the damping region can define a specific section along the extension region or along the length of a turbine blade. Further, the damping region may define a particular region in a cross section of the turbine blade. For example, an outer region of a turbine blade may have a damping region, whereas an inner region may define any blade region.
  • the entire turbine blade forms the damping region. This means that the entire turbine blade can be made of several damping layers and thus can consist of the damping layers themselves.
  • a "layer”, in particular a damping layer and / or a fiber layer, means a layer of a damping layer or of a damping material and a layer of a fiber layer or a reinforcing fiber layer.
  • a layer may, for example, have a thickness of 0.1-1 mm, in particular, for example, a thickness of 0.2 mm, 0.25 mm and / or 0.3 mm.
  • fiber matrix system can be understood as meaning a fiber composite consisting of a matrix and reinforcing fibers.
  • the fiber-matrix system can for example represent the damping position completely or partially.
  • reinforcing fiber fibers which can transmit and transmit forces acting on the fiber matrix system. In comparison to the matrix, the fibers can have a high rigidity in particular Train. The power flow is mostly along the fiber designed to take advantage of the best stiffness properties of a reinforcing fiber.
  • matrix is meant a raw material which embeds the reinforcing fibers.
  • the term “embed” defines that the reinforcing fibers are spatially fixed in the matrix and thus can enable load introduction and load rejection.
  • the matrix may further protect the reinforcing fibers against compression at fiber-parallel pressure, for example.
  • the reinforcing fibers and the matrix are glued or fused together, for example, so that a load transfer between the matrix and the reinforcing fiber can take place, whereby shear forces can also be transmitted.
  • thermoplastic matrix defines the material of the matrix.
  • a thermoplastic material or a thermoplastic matrix has in particular damping properties.
  • the thermoplastic material of the matrix has a lower stiffness and a higher damping value with respect to a stressed under tension reinforcing fiber.
  • the thermoplastic matrix may act to cushion while the reinforcing fiber is stiffening.
  • the thermoplastic matrix can also be reshaped or welded later.
  • the thermoplastic matrix may consist, for example, of polyetheretherketones (PEEK), of polyamide (PA), of polypropylene (PP), of polycarbonate (PC) or of polyethylene (PE).
  • the reinforcing fibers may be made of, for example, synthetic fibers such as carbon fibers, aramid fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers or polyethylene fibers.
  • synthetic fibers such as carbon fibers, aramid fibers, polyester fibers, polyamide fibers or polyethylene fibers.
  • inorganic fibers such as glass fibers, natural fibers or metallic fibers may also be used.
  • a turbine blade which consists in particular of fiber composite materials, are targeted attenuated without a stability or rigidity of the turbine blade is reduced so that instability is created.
  • a thermoplastic matrix material By using a thermoplastic matrix material, a specifically adjustable, advantageous potential for vibration damping by the material itself can be achieved.
  • the material-side vibration damping is improved by using a material combination of thermoplastic and reinforcing fiber in the critical damping regions or in the entire turbine blade.
  • differently loaded damping regions can be provided with different combinations of different thermoplastic fiber-matrix systems in order to specifically adapt the turbine blade to a predefined load.
  • the turbine blade can be subsequently deformed in the profile of the turbine blade by reheating the thermoplastic fiber-matrix system and thus melting or melting it.
  • a targeted post-deformation or readjustment or fine adjustment of certain turbine blade profiles or different load loads is possible.
  • a targeted detuning or deformation of individual blades on the blade ring can thus be achieved.
  • the damping region has fiber layers, the fiber layers and the damping layer forming a layer composite.
  • layer composite is meant, for example, a laminate which describes a stacking of the different layers, in particular the damping layers and the fiber layers.
  • a layer composite describes a layer-by-layer production or the layered structure of the damping region or also other regions of the turbine blade, such as the other blade areas.
  • the layer composite or the layer composite materials consist of superimposed layers or layers of different numbers.
  • the individual layers or the individual layers can be glued, for example, or interlocked due to the porous nature of the materials.
  • the laminate may be soaked in resin to bond the layers together.
  • the layer composite forms the integral structure of a component, so that forces acting on the component can be transmitted via the layer composite.
  • the layer composite also has the homogeneously extending surface of the component. In other words, attachments externally bonded to the surface of a component do not belong to the layer composite of the component or of the turbine blade.
  • fiber layer here describes a layer of fibers which can not have a thermoplastic material.
  • the fiber layers may, for example, have a high stiffness or a higher stiffness than the damping layers and consist of different reinforcing fiber materials, as described above.
  • the turbine blade has a blade region, wherein the blade region consists of a multiplicity of further fiber layers.
  • the multiplicity of further fiber layers forms a further layer composite.
  • the blade region or the blade regions may adjoin the damping region or regions of the turbine blade.
  • the blade regions may consist of the plurality of further fiber layers, which have a higher rigidity and load capacity compared to the damping region. Vibrations may, for example, be transmitted from the blade region to the damping region, wherein the damping region by means of the thermoplastic fiber matrix system can damp or absorb the vibrations.
  • a turbine blade can be provided, which for example along its direction of extension has a plurality of blade portions, which in turn adjacent to a plurality of damping regions.
  • the damping areas can be arranged.
  • the blade areas can be arranged.
  • a turbine blade can be adjusted individually to their claimed loads and thus adapted in terms of cost and effectiveness to a detailed requirements profile.
  • the reinforcing fibers are embedded in the matrix at an angle of between 1 ° (degrees) and 90 ° (degrees).
  • single reinforcing fibers can be arranged with different angles to each other.
  • the damping layer or the fiber layer can be produced, for example, as a woven fabric, as a knit or as a braid with oriented reinforcing fibers.
  • the turbine blade can be adapted to predefined load directions, so that the turbine blade can be specifically adapted to a predefined requirement potential.
  • the reinforcing fibers are embedded parallel to each other in the thermoplastic matrix.
  • parallel reinforcing fibers may suffice. Complex interweaving and orientation of reinforcing fibers are then unnecessary, so that a manufacturing process with low manufacturing costs can be provided in these areas with parallel reinforcing fibers.
  • At least one of the reinforcing fibers comprises a hybrid yarn.
  • the Hybrid yarn comprises a thermoplastic material and a carbon fiber material.
  • Such a hybrid yarn may, for example, consist of many twisted or swirled yarns which together form the hybrid yarn.
  • Some of these yarns may be made of a thermoplastic material and the other of a reinforcing fiber material, such as carbon fibers.
  • a targeted damping of the turbine blade can be provided in a simple manner already by means of the use of the thermoplastic yarn as a reinforcing fiber.
  • the damping layer has a lower elastic stiffness and / or a higher damping value than the fiber layer.
  • the term "damping value” describes the damping properties of a material.
  • stiffness can describe, for example, the modulus of elasticity or G-modulus.
  • a fiber may have 130 GPa in the longitudinal direction and only 8 GPa in the transverse direction.
  • stiffnesses of 65 GPa in each major fiber direction can be achieved.
  • Each major fiber direction is oriented at an angle ⁇ to each other.
  • the thermoplastic matrix may have a stiffness of 0.5 to 10 GPa, but better damping properties than the reinforcing fibers.
  • the damping region has a lower elastic stiffness and / or a higher damping value than the blade region.
  • the turbine blade has a cladding layer.
  • the cladding layer is wrapped around a surface or around a surface area of the turbine blade such that the turbine blade is protected from external influences.
  • the cladding layer comprises an unreinforced thermoplastic material which is identical to the matrix material. Due to the higher damping effect of an unreinforced thermoplastic material, the softness or elasticity of the thermoplastic material may be greater than the elasticity of the fiber layer.
  • a surface of thermoplastic material erodes less than, for example, a fibrous layer comprised of reinforcing fibers having a higher stiffness.
  • a thermoplastic material is generally more resistant to moisture than a reinforcing fiber, so that corrosion is reduced.
  • the damping region comprises a further fiber matrix system with a thermoplastic matrix.
  • the further fiber-matrix system is arranged in the damping region and / or in the blade region such that it is exposed to external influences of the turbine blade.
  • the other thermoplastic matrix fiber-matrix system has reinforcing fibers which are present as fiber mats in arbitrary principal fiber directions. The arbitrary alignment of the major fiber directions of the reinforcing fibers reduces the stiffness property of the further fiber-matrix system and increases better absorbency and greater resistance to external particle impact.
  • the further fiber-matrix system can also be extended over the other regions of the turbine blade, for example also over the blade regions.
  • the other fiber-matrix system with a fiber-reinforced matrix next to a high absorbency against impinging particles also have a higher rigidity, so that the further thermoplastic fiber matrix system can also contribute to the overall rigidity of the turbine blade.
  • a rigid material for a turbine blade can be provided while increasing the erosion resistance and also the corrosion resistance to liquids of a surface of the turbine blade.
  • erosion by water droplets is critical.
  • a surface or an outer layer of the unreinforced thermoplastic airfoil or of a final layer of thermoplastic matrix material or a final layer of the further thermoplastic fiber-matrix system can provide an integrated erosion layer without the need to apply additional sealing layers.
  • a turbine in particular a steam turbine, is equipped with the turbine blades described above.
  • steam turbines have large diameters, in particular in the first compressor stage and the last turbine stage.
  • wheels of a steam turbine with a large diameter act high centrifugal forces, bending moments and torsional forces.
  • turbine blade according to the invention to achieve sufficient rigidity with improved damping properties over conventional turbine blades.
  • turbine blades made of a composite material can be used.
  • the embedding in the thermoplastic matrix is melted and the reinforcing fibers are pressed onto the matrix.
  • a cost-effective production in the pressing process can be provided by melting the existing in the matrix thermoplastic material. Long Infiltration and curing times as in conventional fiber composite layers can be omitted, for example.
  • the damping region is deformed for matching to a predefined shape of the turbine blade by means of a further melting of the thermoplastic matrix.
  • the final shaping of the turbine blade e.g. a twist of the turbine blade, following the manufacturing process z. B. a pressing process done.
  • This can be useful especially for special turbine requirements, especially for special requirements on the twist angle, etc.
  • re-adjustment helps with specific problems with a vibration frequency.
  • the attenuation range can, for example, be post-formed or finely adjusted to a changed or unforeseen oscillation frequency by means of remelting.
  • the property of remeltability of the fiber-matrix system also allows a subsequent blade repair.
  • an additional thermoplastic material may be applied to repair damage to the fiber matrix system.
  • an additional thermoplastic may be applied locally to repair damage to the turbine blade.
  • FIG. 12 shows an exemplary embodiment of the turbine blade 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the turbine blade 100 has a damping region 101 with a damping layer 103.
  • the damping layer 103 comprises a fiber-matrix system 200 (see Fig. 2 ) on.
  • the fiber matrix system 200 comprises a thermoplastic matrix 201 (see Fig.2 ), in which thermoplastic matrix 201 reinforcing fibers 202 (see Fig. 2 ) are embedded.
  • the turbine blade 100 has, as in Fig. 1 shown, two blade portions 102 which the damping region 101 surrounded.
  • the blade area 102 is formed, for example, from a further layer composite 107, which may consist of a multiplicity of further fiber layers 105. If the further fiber layers 105 consist, for example, of reinforcing fibers 202 consisting of carbon fibers or other stiffening composite fibers, then the further layer composite 107 forms an extremely stiff blade region 102.
  • the fiber layers 104 in the damping region 101 can flow smoothly into the blade regions 102. In the case of a flowing or constant transition of the fiber layers 104 from the damping region 102 into the blade regions 102, the fiber layer 104 forms a continuously extending layer with the further fiber layers 105.
  • the damping regions 101 can be produced as semi-finished products, wherein the fiber layers 104 do not extend beyond the damping region 101 or do not protrude into the blade regions 102.
  • the fiber layers 104 are cut off, for example, at the edge regions of the damping regions 101.
  • the vibration damping can be generated by a layer composite 106 forming the damping region 101, the layer composite 106 consisting of at least one damping layer 103 and further fiber layers 104. Due to the layered structure by means of the damping layer 103, the damping region 101 may be less stiff than the blade regions 102, so that here a vibration damping by the layer composite 106, i. produced by the material itself.
  • a cladding layer 108 can be formed around the turbine blade 100, wherein the cladding layer 108 protects at least the damping region 101 but also in addition the blade regions 102 from external influences.
  • the cladding layer 108 may consist of an unreinforced thermoplastic material, for example.
  • An unreinforced thermoplastic material may form a soft cladding layer 108 such that impacts of foreign particles on the turbine blade are cushioned and can bounce off through the soft shell layer 108. Due to the low rigidity of the thermoplastic shell layer 108, the enveloping layer 108 deforms slightly upon impact of a foreign particle, so that the impact energy is absorbed without causing cracks or other damage.
  • the damping region 101 or, in addition, also the blade regions 102 may comprise a further thermoplastic fiber matrix system 109, which may protect the turbine blade 100 from external influences.
  • the further fiber-matrix system 109 may comprise a thermoplastic matrix 201 in which reinforcing fibers 202 are embedded. If the reinforcing fibers 202 are randomly present in the thermoplastic matrix 201, this may be referred to as a fiber mat.
  • the fiber mats have a lower stiffness than fiber matrix systems with directed composite fibers, so that in turn a higher softness or elasticity can be produced with the further fiber matrix system 109. This in turn leads to protection against external impacts of foreign particles and erosion of the surface of the turbine blade 100.
  • Fig. 2 shows a fiber-matrix system 200, which consists of a thermoplastic matrix 201. Reinforcing fibers 202 are embedded in the thermoplastic matrix 201. As in Fig. 2 As shown, the reinforcing fibers 202 may be aligned in parallel. Thus, the reinforcement fibers which are loaded in tension can provide high stiffness of the fiber matrix system 200. Transverse to the fiber direction of the reinforcing fibers 202 high damping properties due to the low stiffness of the reinforcing fibers 202 are possible.
  • FIG. 12 shows another exemplary embodiment of a fiber-matrix system 200 in which reinforcing fibers 202 are embedded in a thermoplastic matrix 201.
  • the reinforcing fibers 200 are at a certain angle ⁇ embedded between further reinforcing fibers 201.
  • the reinforcing fibers 201 are not parallel to each other. Due to this multi-directional orientation of the reinforcing fibers 202, a high rigidity of the reinforcing fibers 202 can be specifically made possible in a plurality of predefined directions.
  • the damping properties are generated primarily by the thermoplastic matrix 201.
  • a damping region 101 can be provided which on the one hand can have reinforcing properties or stiffness properties and, on the other hand, damping properties.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
EP10169024.6A 2009-08-04 2010-07-09 Aube thermoplastique de dernier étage et procédé de fabrication Not-in-force EP2287447B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009036018A DE102009036018A1 (de) 2009-08-04 2009-08-04 Thermoplastendstufenschaufel

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2287447A2 true EP2287447A2 (fr) 2011-02-23
EP2287447A3 EP2287447A3 (fr) 2013-07-17
EP2287447B1 EP2287447B1 (fr) 2018-11-07

Family

ID=42537775

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10169024.6A Not-in-force EP2287447B1 (fr) 2009-08-04 2010-07-09 Aube thermoplastique de dernier étage et procédé de fabrication

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US20110002790A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2287447B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2011033037A (fr)
CN (1) CN101988394A (fr)
DE (1) DE102009036018A1 (fr)

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US9040138B2 (en) * 2013-04-29 2015-05-26 General Electric Company Composite article including composite to metal interlock and method of fabrication
CA2980950A1 (fr) * 2015-04-30 2016-11-03 Ecp Entwicklungsgesellschaft Mbh Rotor pour pompe a fluide ainsi que procede et moule pour sa fabrication
EP3406778B1 (fr) 2017-05-22 2022-04-13 Ratier-Figeac SAS Procédés de fabrication d'une aube d'aéronef composite
EP3406434A1 (fr) 2017-05-22 2018-11-28 Ratier-Figeac SAS Lame composite et procédé de fabrication
DE102017009978A1 (de) * 2017-10-26 2019-05-02 Jan Wasseveld Maschinensystem zur Energieumwandlung in einem ORC(Organic-Rankine-Cycle)-Kreislauf unter Verwendung eines Kunststoffes.
DE102018008739A1 (de) * 2018-11-07 2020-05-07 Senvion Gmbh Verfahren und System zum Herstellen einer Faserverbund-Komponente einer Windenergieanlage
FR3089854B1 (fr) 2018-12-18 2022-02-04 Saint Gobain Performance Plastics France Procede de preparation d’un materiau composite sous forme de sandwich
FR3090462B1 (fr) * 2018-12-21 2021-01-15 Safran Pièce en composite à renfort fibreux avec une résistance aux vibrations augmentée
FR3093668B1 (fr) * 2019-03-11 2021-04-02 Saint Gobain Performance Plastics France Procede de preparation d’un produit en matiere polymerique
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FR3114123B1 (fr) * 2020-09-11 2023-11-10 Safran Aircraft Engines Hybridation des fibres du renfort fibreux d’une aube de soufflante avec des fibres élastiques

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2287447A3 (fr) 2013-07-17
US20110002790A1 (en) 2011-01-06
JP2011033037A (ja) 2011-02-17
CN101988394A (zh) 2011-03-23
EP2287447B1 (fr) 2018-11-07
DE102009036018A1 (de) 2011-02-17

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