EP2282722A2 - Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules - Google Patents
Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsulesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2282722A2 EP2282722A2 EP09734176A EP09734176A EP2282722A2 EP 2282722 A2 EP2282722 A2 EP 2282722A2 EP 09734176 A EP09734176 A EP 09734176A EP 09734176 A EP09734176 A EP 09734176A EP 2282722 A2 EP2282722 A2 EP 2282722A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- agents
- microcapsules
- core
- shell
- microcapsule according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1611—Inorganic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/107—Emulsions ; Emulsion preconcentrates; Micelles
- A61K9/1075—Microemulsions or submicron emulsions; Preconcentrates or solids thereof; Micelles, e.g. made of phospholipids or block copolymers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/14—Particulate form, e.g. powders, Processes for size reducing of pure drugs or the resulting products, Pure drug nanoparticles
- A61K9/16—Agglomerates; Granulates; Microbeadlets ; Microspheres; Pellets; Solid products obtained by spray drying, spray freeze drying, spray congealing,(multiple) emulsion solvent evaporation or extraction
- A61K9/1605—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
- A61K9/1617—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5005—Wall or coating material
- A61K9/5021—Organic macromolecular compounds
- A61K9/5036—Polysaccharides, e.g. gums, alginate; Cyclodextrin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
- A61K9/5073—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals having two or more different coatings optionally including drug-containing subcoatings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/06—Antimigraine agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/20—Hypnotics; Sedatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/24—Antidepressants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P3/00—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism
- A61P3/08—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis
- A61P3/10—Drugs for disorders of the metabolism for glucose homeostasis for hyperglycaemia, e.g. antidiabetics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
- A61P31/10—Antimycotics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/02—Non-specific cardiovascular stimulants, e.g. drugs for syncope, antihypotensives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of microemulsions or self-microemulsifying systems (SMES) , and microcapsules allowing the formulation of microemulsions or self-microemulsifying systems into solid dosage forms.
- SMES self-microemulsifying systems
- the invention discloses microcapsules with a liquid core incorporating a self- microemulsifying system or a microemulsion, a method for producing such microcapsules, and pharmaceutical formulations comprising such microcapsules.
- Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids phases, e.g. oil and water. They are formed by high energy input, which is required to disperse one phase in the form of droplets into another phase. These systems are usually very unstable and quickly both liquid phases separate. To increase the stability of these systems various additives can be used, e.g. surfactants.
- Emulsions tend to have a cloudy appearance due to large droplet size of the dispersed phase, which scatter the light that passes through the emulsion.
- microemulsions are clear, stable, isotropic liquid mixtures of lipophilic phase, water and one or more surface active substances (surfactant, co- surfactant) .
- the aqueous phase may contain salt(s) and/or other soluble ingredients.
- a cosolvent can also be included m the microemulsions in order to increase the solubility of further ingredients of the microemulsions, such as, for example, active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- microemulsions form upon simple mixing of the components and do not require the high shear conditions generally used m the formation of ordinary emulsions. Microemulsions have many advantages over emulsions, including thermodynamic stability, greater drug solubilization capacity and permeability enhancement.
- SMES Self-microemulsifying systems
- a cosolvent can also be included m the SMES m order to increase the solubility of further ingredients of the SMES, such as, for example, active pharmaceutical ingredients.
- SMES do not contain water and thus exhibit a better physical and microbiological stability. They share all the advantages of microemulsions over coarse emulsions, including thermodynamic stability, greater drug solubilization capacity and permeability enhancement. Incorporation of drugs in self- microemulsifying systems thus offers several advantages for their delivery, the main one being faster drug dissolution and absorption.
- Microparticulate drug delivery systems such as microcapsules and microspheres (or pellets)
- microcapsules and microspheres are widely used m pharmacy for a number of applications such as controlled oral delivery. Their advantages over single unit drug delivery systems are the absence of dose dumping and a larger surface area.
- biodegradable substances such as alginate and chitosan, has further benefits for safety.
- Microcapsules are micrometer-sized particles (10-2000 ⁇ m) , outwardly similar to microspheres, but with a distinguishable core and shell.
- the active ingredient is generally located in the core and the shell is usually formed from polymeric material. The preparation of microcapsules with liquid core is seldom described m the literature.
- the method of preparation of microcapsules with liquid cores usually involves the preparation of an emulsion and consequent formation of a shell and hardening of the shell around the dispersed droplets, which form a core of the microcapsules.
- Such methods of preparation which also include alginate shell formation, are described, for instance in WO 2007/129926 A, US 5 753 264 A and by Ribeiro AJ et al., Int J Pharm.
- a vibrating nozzle method is often used for alginate bead preparation, since it allows a high production rate of uniform sized beads with a mean diameter below 300 ⁇ m.
- the process can be carried out under mild conditions and can easily be scaled up. Because it also allows complete sterility of the process, present day applications are mostly oriented towards cell encapsulation.
- Microcapsules can be prepared without the formation of a starting emulsion, which is also true for some other methods, like for instance jet cutter, laminar jet or multi-o ⁇ fice centrifugal processes.
- a gelling agent is usually used to convert the dissolved alginate (in the form of salts e.g. sodium or potassium alginate) from liquid (sol) to solid (gel) state and thus harden the microspheres/microcapsules.
- the role of the gelling agent is to immobilize alginate polymer chains an to form a solid structure, which gives physical stability to the formed product.
- the most common gelling agent for sodium or potassium alginate gelation are divalent cations like Ca 2+ , Ba 2+ and Zn 2+ which form water insoluble alginate salts by displacing monovalent ions m the alginate salt (e.g. sodium or potassium ions) .
- US 6 280 770 discloses pharmaceutical compositions, which improve the rate and/or extent of absorption of drugs.
- the pharmaceutical compositions of this document comprise drug-containing microemulsions adsorbed onto solid particles which may be further formulated into solid dosage forms.
- US 2007/0009559 Al discloses free-flowing solid formulations of drugs or pharmaceutical agents, which have a poor aqueous solubility and are obtained by admixing a liquid or gel composition that includes 1 to 30 percent by weight of the drug, 5 to 60 percent by weight of a surfactant, 10 to 40 percent by weight of water; 1 to 20 percent by weight of unsaturated fatty acid ester, 0 to 50 percent by weight of water miscible pharmaceutically acceptable polyol and 1 to 10 percent by weight of phospholipid with a pharmaceutically acceptable suitable solid carrier.
- the free-flowing powder is suitable for being formed into tablets or capsules.
- the drug or pharmaceutical agent is solubilized in the formulation.
- Kim, C-K et al., Pharm Res. 2001 Apr; 18(4) :454-9 describes the preparation of solid state self microemulsifying systems either by mixing with an organic solution of different polymers or by addition of alginate and subsequent gelling by dropping into an aqueous solution of CaCl 2 .
- the described procedure does not result m microcapsules as described earlier, but rather in a matrix type system in which self-microemulsifying system or its components are dispersed throughout the carrier polymer. Addition of a gelling agent to self- microemulsifying phase to promote solidification as soon as the core and shell phase are in contact is not described.
- microcapsules having a shell and a liquid core incorporating a self-microemulsifying system or a microemulsion
- the core comprises a lipophilic substance, at least one surfactant, an active agent and optionally a cosolvent, characterized in that the core further comprises a gelling agent.
- the gelling agent in the core promotes the solidification of the shell as soon as core and shell phase are in contact, allowing for much higher core entrapment and reduces the loss of core phase and the active pharmaceutical ingredient during preparation, thus allowing form much higher drug loadings, which cannot be obtained by currently known methods.
- the concentration of the gelling agent must be high enough to ensure proper shell hardening.
- the core is saturated with the gelling agent to ensure optimal microcapsule formation.
- the lipophilic substance may be selected from, but is not limited to, the group consisting of mono-, di- and triglycerides, including oils, or fatty acids and their esters and esters of propylene glycol or other polyols.
- the fatty acids and esters are used as such, or where they form part of a glyceride, they may have a short chain, a medium chain or a long chain.
- the substance may be of vegetable or animal origin, synthetic or semisynthetic.
- oils include, but are not limited to natural oils, such as cottonseed oil, soybean oil, sunflower oil; canola oil; Captex® (various grades) ; Miglyol®; and Myvacet®, as well as mixtures from two or more of these substances.
- the surfactant may be selected from, but is not limited to, the group consisting of gelatin, lecithin (phosphatides) , gum acacia, cholesterol, tragacanth, polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene castor oil derivatives, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters, sorbitan fatty acid esters, polyethylene glycols, polyoxyethylene stearates, mono and diglycerides, colloidal silicon dioxide, sodium dodecylsulfate, magnesium aluminum silicate, triethanolamme, polyvinyl alcohol, and polyvinylpyrrolidene (PVP) , stearic acid, calcium stearate, glycerol monostearate, cetostearyl alcohol, cetomacrogol emulsifying wax, short and medium chain alcohols, or various grades of the following commercial products: Labrafac® (Medium-chain triglycerides) ; Labrafil® (natural oil - polyoxyethylene esters) ;
- the core is surrounded by a shell, which is preferably formed from polymeric material which may comprise a substance selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of alginate of various grades and chitosan of various grades.
- the gelling agent is selected according to the polymer used for shell formation. It may be selected from, but is not limited to, the group consisting of various divalent (Ca 2+ , Zn 2+ , Ba 2+ , Cu 2+ ) and trivalent
- (Al 3+ ) ions used for the crosslinking of alginate or in the case of chitosan, from the group consisting of tripolyphosphate, citric acid and glutaraldehyde, as well as mixtures from two or more of these ions or substances.
- the core is saturated with the gelling agent.
- the shell is formed from alginate and the gelling agent are Ca 2+ ions.
- the cosolvent may be selected from, but is not limited to, the group consisting of triacetm (1,2,3- propanet ⁇ yl triacetate or glyceryl triacetate) or other polyol esters of fatty acids, t ⁇ alkyl citrate esters, propylene carbonate, dimethylisosorbide, ethyl lactate, N-methyl pyrrolidones, Transcutol® (diethylene glycol monoethyl ether), glycofurol, peppermint oil, 1,2- propylene glycol, ethanol, and polyethylene glycols, as well as mixtures from two or more of these substances.
- the active agent may be selected from, but is not limited to, the group of drug classes consisting of analgesics/antipyretics; antibiotics; antidepressants; antidiabetics; antifungal agents; antihypertensive agents; anti-inflammato ⁇ es; antineoplastics; antianxiety agents; antimigraine agents; sedatives/hypnotics; antianginal agents; antimanic agents; antiarrhythmics; antiarthritic agents; antigout agents; antiflb ⁇ nolytic; antiplatelet agents; anticonvulsants; antiparkmson agents; antihistamines/antipruritics; agents useful for calcium regulation; antibacterial agents; antiviral agents; antimicrobials; anti-infectives; bronchodilators; hormones; hypoglycemic agents; hypolipidemic agents; proteins; nucleic acids; agents useful for erythropoiesis stimulation; antiulcer/antireflux agents; antmauseants/antiemetics; oil
- the ratio of the active ingredient, the lipophilic substance, the surfactant (s) , the gelling agent and the cosolvent (if present) depends upon the efficiency of emulsification, the efficiency of the gelling agent and the solubility, and the solubility depends on the dose per unit that is desired.
- the components for a self-emulsifymg core may be m the following ranges (weight percent) : 1-50% active ingredient; 1-80% lipophilic substance; 5-90% surfactant and co-surfactant; 0.01-20% gelling agent, preferably 0.1-10%, more preferably 1-5%; 0-60% cosolvent.
- a method for producing microcapsules comprising the steps of preparing a core by mixing a lipophilic substance and at least one surfactant; adding a gelling agent to the core; incorporating an active agent in the core; preparing a shell forming phase; forming microcapsules having a core and a shell; and incubating the formed microcapsules in a gelling solution.
- the method further comprises a step of coating the microcapsules with a substance selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, polyvinylpyrrolidene (PVP) and polymethacrylates (e.g. various grades of Eudragit®) , as well as mixtures from two or more of these substances.
- a substance selected from, but not limited to, the group consisting of chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose sodium, methylcellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose phthalate, polyvinylpyrrolidene (PVP) and polymethacrylates (e.g. various grades of Eudragit®) , as well as mixtures from two or more of these substances.
- PVP polyvinylpyrrolidene
- polymethacrylates e.
- the formation of microcapsules is performed by using a vibrating nozzle device .
- the flow rates of both the core and the shell forming phase are important for the final physico-chemical properties of the microcapsules and the dose per unit that is desired.
- the ratio between the phases depends on the characteristics of both the core and the shell forming phase and the gelling ability and the intensity of the gelling agent.
- the ratio of the flow rates of the core forming phase and the shell forming phase is in the interval between 1:0.01 and 1:100, preferably 1:0.1 and 1:50, more preferably 1:1 and 1:10.
- the flow speed of both phases is decreased as much as possible.
- the actual flow rates depend on the characteristics of both the core forming phase and the shell forming phase, gelling ability and intensity of the gelling agent and the diameter of the nozzle. Furthermore, the distance traveled by the formed microcapsule before it reaches the incubation solution can be increased.
- a pharmaceutical formulation comprising microcapsules as defined above is provided.
- the pharmaceutical formulation is a solid dosage form, more preferably a capsule or a tablet.
- the technical concept of the invention enables the incorporation of self microemulsifying systems or microemulsions into microcapsules with a liquid core, which can be further formulated into solid dosage forms.
- the concept significantly increases the amount of active ingredients that can be incorporated into liquid core microcapsules and thus makes the manufacturing of a suitably sized solid oral preparation feasible.
- microcapsules with a liquid self-microemulsifying system in the core which are suitable for further use in the production of solid oral dosage forms were prepared according to the following method:
- a self microemulsifying system comprising preferably Miglyol 812 as a lipophilic substance, and preferably a mixture of Labrasol as surfactant and co- surfactant and Plurol oleique was prepared by mixing the surfactants and lipophilic (oily) phase to form a clear, homogeneous mixture. Further, the resulting SMES was saturated with a gelling agent, preferably CaCl2, and was used as the core phase. An active ingredient, e.g. celecoxib, was incorporated into the core phase prior to microcapsule formation. A sodium alginate solution was prepared by mixing sodium alginate with water until all sodium alginate has been dissolved.
- lactose and sodium chloride were added to sodium alginate solution and the resulting solution was used as the shell forming phase.
- Core and shell forming phases were fed to an Inotech IE-50 R encapsulator with binary nozzle with the help of syringes or a pressurized vessel.
- the flow velocities of both phases were optimized to yield round microcapsules with a centrally positioned core.
- the amplitude and the frequency of the membrane were adjusted to achieve best microcapsule sphericity.
- the resulting microcapsules were incubated m the gelling solution and further coated with a chitosan.
- the final step consisted of the drying of microcapsules m a fluid bed system.
- the first step for the production of microcapsules involves the preparation of a self-microemulsifying system.
- Labrasol® PEG-8 caprylic/capric glycerides
- Plurol oleique® Polyglyceryl-6 dioleate
- Miglyol 812® Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride (20 % w/w) was added to the mixture, resulting in a homogeneous SMES.
- the system was saturated with CaCl 2 and subsequently centrifuged to yield a clear solution of SMES saturated with the salt.
- An alginate solution used for the formation of the shell was prepared by mixing sodium alginate (1,5% w/w), lactose (5% w/w) and sodium chloride (1% w/w) with purified water.
- An Inotech IE-50 R encapsulator (Inotech, Swiss) equipped with a 500 ⁇ m / 750 ⁇ m concentric nozzle, a 50 ml syringe and an air pressure solution delivery system was used to prepare microcapsules with a self- microemulsifying core.
- the above self-microemulsifying system saturated with CaCl 2 was mixed with celecoxib and used as the core forming phase.
- Microcapsules were produced at a shell flow rate of 44.6 mg/s. The amplitude of the membrane was constant throughout all experiments and its frequency was set to 3000 Hz.
- Microcapsules were incubated in 0.5 M CaCl 2 solution for 5 minutes and dried in an Aeromatic Strea 1 fluid bed system.
- Microcapsules were dried at an inlet air temperature setting of 55 0 C until the outlet air temperature reached 50 0 C.
- the volume of fluidizing air was regulated in the range from 80 to 120 m 3 /h in order to ensure an optimal fluidizing of the microcapsules.
- the celecoxib content was calculated as the amount of celecoxib based on the total mass of dried microcapsules.
- dried celecoxib loaded microcapsules were incubated in a medium containing 2% Tween 80 and 1% NaCl for 24 hours. After incubation the remaining capsules were crushed and sonicated for 15 minutes. Samples were filtered through a 0.45 ⁇ m cellulose acetate filter (Sartorius, Germany) and analyzed by means of an HPLC system.
- the degree of encapsulation of celecoxib was expressed as a percentage of the total amount of celecoxib used for microcapsule preparation.
- microcapsules were prepared substantially following the procedure described in Example 1. Additionally, prior to drying microcapsules were incubated for 5 minutes in a 1 mg/mL chitosan solution. The specific parameters of the preparation and the characteristics of the produced microcapsules are indicated in Table 2.
- EXAMPLE 3 In this Example, microcapsules were prepared substantially following the procedure described in Example 1. In deviation from Example 1, the core phase was saturated with CaCl 2 by the addition of 1% 6M CaCl 2 solution instead of solid CaCl 2 . The specific parameters of the preparation and the characteristics of the produced microcapsules are indicated in Table 3. Table 3
- microcapsules were prepared substantially following the procedure described in Example 1. The specific parameters of the preparation and the characteristics of the produced microcapsules are indicated in Table 4.
- microcapsules were prepared substantially following the procedure described in Example 1. In deviation from Example 1, prior to drying microcapsules were additionally incubated for 5 minutes in 1 mg/mL chitosan solution. The specific parameters of the preparation and the characteristics of the produced microcapsules are indicated in Table 5.
- microcapsules were prepared without the use of a gelling agent in the core phase.
- the first step for producing microcapsules was similar to the procedure described in the Example 1 without the saturation of the SMES mixture with CaCl 2 .
- An alginate solution used for the formation of the shell was prepared by mixing sodium alginate (1,5% w/w) and lactose (5% w/w) with purified water.
- An Inotech IE-50 R encapsulator (Inotech, Swiss) equipped with a 150 ⁇ m / 250 ⁇ m concentric nozzle, and two 50 ml syringes were used to prepare microcapsules with a self-microemulsifying core.
- the self- microemulsifying system was mixed with ketoprofen and was used as the core forming phase.
- the amplitude of the membrane was constant throughout all experiments and its frequency was set to 550 Hz.
- Microcapsules were incubated in a 0.3 M CaCl 2 solution adjusted to pH 3 for 30 minutes, rinsed with purified water and dried m an
- Aeromatic Strea 1 fluid bed system Microcapsules were dried at an inlet air temperature setting of 55 0 C until the outlet air temperature reached 47 0 C.
- the volume of fluidizmg air was regulated m the range from 80 to 120 m 3 /h in order to ensure an optimal fluidizmg of the microcapsules .
- the ketoprofen content was calculated as the amount of ketoprofen with respect to the total mass of dried microcapsules.
- the produced microcapsules were crushed and incubated in an NaOH solution at pH 9 for 24 hours. After incubation, the mixture was sonicated for 15 minutes, centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes, and the supernatant was filtered through a 0.22 ⁇ m cellulose acetate filter.
- ketoprofen concentration of ketoprofen was determined by absorbance measurement at 260 nm. Microcapsules without ketoprofen, produced under the same operating parameters and treated m the same way, were used to set the baseline to zero. Entrapment efficacy was calculated as the amount of encapsulated ketoprofen relative to the total amount of ketoprofen in the microcapsules, hardening solution and water used for rinsing .
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP09734176.2A EP2282722B1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-21 | Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
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EP08154947A EP2111854A1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules |
EP09734176.2A EP2282722B1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-21 | Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules |
PCT/EP2009/054756 WO2009130225A2 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-21 | Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules |
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EP2282722A2 true EP2282722A2 (en) | 2011-02-16 |
EP2282722B1 EP2282722B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
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EP08154947A Withdrawn EP2111854A1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2008-04-22 | Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules |
EP09734176.2A Active EP2282722B1 (en) | 2008-04-22 | 2009-04-21 | Self-microemulsifying systems incorporated into liquid core microcapsules |
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US (1) | US20110111042A1 (en) |
EP (2) | EP2111854A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009130225A2 (en) |
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FR2999096B1 (en) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-01-16 | Ct Universitaire Jean Francois Champollion | GAS PERMEABLE, LIQUID-SEALED MEMBRANE CAPSULE, PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AND USE FOR IN VITRO ARTHROPOD HASTING |
CN103169671A (en) * | 2013-04-15 | 2013-06-26 | 黑龙江大学 | Preparation method of insoluble drug sustained-release granules |
MX2016006275A (en) * | 2013-11-13 | 2017-01-05 | Tillotts Pharma Ag | Multi-particulate drug delivery system. |
EP3145500A1 (en) * | 2014-05-23 | 2017-03-29 | Sigmoid Pharma Limited | Celecoxib formulations useful for treating colorectal cancer |
EP3078366A1 (en) | 2015-04-10 | 2016-10-12 | Tillotts Pharma Ag | Microgel particles |
GB201509606D0 (en) * | 2015-06-03 | 2015-07-15 | Anabio Technologies Ltd | Microencapsulates containing stabilised marine-derived oil, and methods for production thereof |
CN110960444B (en) * | 2020-01-06 | 2021-03-16 | 浙江美之源化妆品有限公司 | Slow-release lasting antibacterial hand sanitizer and preparation method thereof |
CN111378642A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-07-07 | 微来世界生物科技(苏州)有限公司 | Microorganism hydrophobic embedding substance, embedding solution and microorganism hydrophobic embedding preparation method |
CN113842375B (en) * | 2021-10-13 | 2023-07-25 | 深圳市华宝生物材料科技有限公司 | Microcapsule with gradient capsule wall structure and preparation method thereof |
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US5518736A (en) * | 1994-06-27 | 1996-05-21 | Yissum Research Development Company Of The Hebrew | Method of preparing natural-oil-containing emulsions and microcapsules and its uses |
WO2000009093A1 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2000-02-24 | Cima Labs Inc. | Microemulsions as solid dosage forms for oral administration |
US20040115226A1 (en) | 2002-12-12 | 2004-06-17 | Wenji Li | Free-flowing solid formulations with improved bio-availability of poorly water soluble drugs and process for making the same |
JP2008521807A (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2008-06-26 | メルク エンド カムパニー インコーポレーテッド | Liquid and semisolid pharmaceutical formulations for oral administration of substituted amides |
PT103476B (en) * | 2006-05-10 | 2008-09-19 | Univ De Coimbra | PRODUCTION AND INSULATION PROCESS OF POLYMERIC MICRO- AND NANOPARTICLES CONTAINING MACROMOLECULES OF HYDROFYLIC AND THERMOLIBLE NATURE |
-
2008
- 2008-04-22 EP EP08154947A patent/EP2111854A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-04-21 US US12/989,380 patent/US20110111042A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-04-21 EP EP09734176.2A patent/EP2282722B1/en active Active
- 2009-04-21 WO PCT/EP2009/054756 patent/WO2009130225A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2009130225A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2282722B1 (en) | 2017-05-17 |
EP2111854A1 (en) | 2009-10-28 |
WO2009130225A3 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
US20110111042A1 (en) | 2011-05-12 |
WO2009130225A2 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
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