EP2276913B1 - Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine - Google Patents

Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2276913B1
EP2276913B1 EP09732571A EP09732571A EP2276913B1 EP 2276913 B1 EP2276913 B1 EP 2276913B1 EP 09732571 A EP09732571 A EP 09732571A EP 09732571 A EP09732571 A EP 09732571A EP 2276913 B1 EP2276913 B1 EP 2276913B1
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EP
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alloy
region
forming
outlet valve
valve according
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2276913A1 (en
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Holger Fellmann
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Maerkisches Werk GmbH
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Maerkisches Werk GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an exhaust valve on a reciprocating engine, comprising a valve body and valve head movable valve body having an annular first alloy seat portion which is different from a second nickel base alloy alloy forming at least the main body of the valve disk.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a movable valve body for an exhaust valve on a diesel engine.
  • valve body also referred to as a valve stem or valve cone
  • valve body are highly stressed components in diesel engines, especially large diesel engines in marine propulsion, power plants, emergency generators or the like. Due to the high mechanical and thermal stresses, the seat and guide surfaces of such valve cone are exposed to high wear stresses. Exhaust valves in the area of the valve disk are subject to particularly high corrosion stresses by the combustion gases. Therefore, special valve steels have been developed in the present field of application. In the area of highly stressed surfaces of the valve disk, special alloys, preferably nickel-based, are increasingly being used.
  • a known outlet valve of the aforementioned type (EP 0 521 821 B1 ) is intended to form the valve body of a heat-resistant nickel-based alloy such as NIM80A or NIM81 and use in the seat to increase the wear resistance and corrosion resistance under IN625 or IN671 known nickel-based alloy (in the known alloys are the brands Nimonic and Inconel manufacturer Inco Alloys International, Inc.).
  • the seating area is produced by plasma spraying, build-up welding or powder metallurgy methods with subsequent hot deformation in a rolling process or by cold deformation.
  • valve stem it may be appropriate to harden the surface of the valve stem by plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing and to improve their lubricity.
  • valve body in the region of the valve disk, which consists of austenitic valve steel, for example AISI316, with a To provide armor made of a nickel-based alloy high resistance to hot gas corrosion in the area of the valve bottom.
  • Various nickel-based alloys are proposed for the seating area of the valve, such as IN625, IN671, IN690, IN718 and the like. After welding the seat alloy, an increase in its hardness or yield strength is proposed by means of a thermomechanical forming process.
  • the present invention seeks to avoid such cracking as a result of high temperature changes in the valve seat or the rounding of the valve disc as possible, but at least to limit their negative impact, to keep the seating area on sides of the valve body as possible without cracking here on the use of high-quality hot gas corrosion and the wear attack Resistant alloys omitted or their use must be restricted.
  • an outlet valve of the type mentioned in that the first alloy of a nickel or cobalt-based alloy with respect to the second alloy higher wear resistance, that a plate bottom forming portion of the valve disk by a third and an adjoining peripheral region a fourth alloy is formed, each consisting of a nickel-based alloy having high resistance to hot gas corrosion, and in that an edge region of the valve disk which adjoins the peripheral region extends from a fifth, likewise a nickel-based alloy with high corrosion resistance, below the seat region, completely underfilling it.
  • the plate bottom, peripheral region and edge region of the valve disk are formed from the same alloy by welding on the base body and further characterized in that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is lower than that of the first or the second alloy.
  • a predetermined breaking point for the initiation of crack formation can be produced according to the invention by virtue of the fact that the thickness of the peripheral region measured in the radial direction is increased within a limited peripheral section, the arc length of which is expediently between 20 and 40 angular degrees. In this way, it is possible to largely free the remaining circumference of the valve disk from cracking. Cracks within the reinforced peripheral area may cause their propagation to be controlled so that their Proof of avoidance of major damage is possible.
  • an IN625 envelope has a hardness value of 200 to 350 HV, if the NIM80A body is forged with a hardness of more than 400 HV, and Stellite 6 with a hardness of 400 to 500 HV is used as seat area alloy ,
  • a coherent enveloping body is produced by build-up welding on the base body of the valve disk in the region of the disk base and in its peripheral region and an adjoining edge region.
  • Such a self-compression stress is particularly advantageous because it forms a kind of reserve in case of overheating of the engine with subsequent cooling.
  • the associated tensile stresses cause namely first a reduction of the existing compressive stress before it comes to the dreaded cracking.
  • the yield strength in the region of the plate bottom is reached correspondingly later at such tensile stresses.
  • FIG. 1 shows a movable valve body 1 with shortened valve stem 2 and a valve plate 3, which has an annular seating area 4, for example of the cobalt-based alloy Stellite 6.
  • the valve plate On its underside, the valve plate has a plate bottom 5, which consists for example of the nickel-based alloy IN625.
  • the plate base 5 is adjoined by a peripheral region 6, likewise made of IN625 and adjoining an edge region 7, likewise of IN625.
  • a body 8 forming the interior of the outlet valve extends from the valve disk 3 towards the shaft 2 and forms at least its lower part, depending on whether it is a full-body valve or a bimetallic valve in which an upper shaft part usually consists of a valve steel is connected to the lower shaft part by friction welding.
  • the main body 8 is made of Nimonic 80A and is made by forging. On the main body 8, an enveloping body consisting of plate base 5, peripheral region 6 and edge region 7 is generated by welding. After welding on the enveloping body, the seating alloy made of stellite 6, which forms the seating area 4, is likewise formed by welding in a circumferential groove 9 thereof.
  • the representation according to Fig. 4 differs from that according to Fig. 3 in that at FIG. 4 the peripheral region 6 is formed thickened, as shown in the sectional view according to FIG. 3 can recognize.
  • the inner side 10 of which is shown in the sectional view FIG. 2 as a chord that extends within a circular arc b of about 30 degrees.
  • the outer surface of the valve disk is removed by cold forming, e.g. deformed by rolling or cold pressing.
  • the enveloping body is deformed in such a way, in particular in the circumferential region 6, that a compressive residual stress is created in the region of the plate base 5 from the residual tensile stress existing after welding.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

An outlet valve on a reciprocating engine comprises a moveable valve body comprising a valve shaft and valve plate, said plate having a ring shaped seat region made of a first alloy that is different from a second alloy forming the base body of the valve plate in the form of a nickel based alloy. The first alloy is made of a nickel or cobalt based alloy, having a higher abrasion resistance compared to the second alloy. A region of the valve plate (3) forming the plate bottom (5) is formed by a third alloy and a circumferential region directly proximate thereto is formed by a fourth alloy, each of said alloys being made of a nickel-based alloy with a high resistance against hot gas corrosion. An edge region of the valve plate (3) proximate to the circumferential region comprises a fifth alloy, also a nickel based alloy with high corrosion resistance, extending underneath the seating region (4) and lining the seat region completely.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Auslassventil an einem Hubkolbenmotor, mit einem beweglichen Ventilkörper aus Ventilschaft und Ventilteller, der einen ringförmigen Sitzbereich aus einer ersten Legierung aufweist, die von einer zweiten, wenigstens den Grundkörper des Ventiltellers bildenden Legierung in Art einer Nickelbasislegierung verschieden ist.The invention relates to an exhaust valve on a reciprocating engine, comprising a valve body and valve head movable valve body having an annular first alloy seat portion which is different from a second nickel base alloy alloy forming at least the main body of the valve disk.

Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beweglichen Ventilkörpers für ein Auslassventil an einem Dieselmotor.The invention further relates to a method for producing a movable valve body for an exhaust valve on a diesel engine.

Derartige Ventilkörper, auch als Ventilspindel oder Ventilkegel bezeichnet, sind hoch beanspruchte Bauteile in Dieselmotoren, insbesondere Großdieselmotoren in Schiffsantrieben, Kraftwerken, Notstromaggregaten oder dergleichen. Infolge der hohen mechanischen und thermischen Beanspruchungen sind die Sitz- und Führungsflächen derartiger Ventilkegel hohen Verschleißbeanspruchungen ausgesetzt. Auslassventile unterliegen im Bereich des Ventiltellers besonders hohen Korrosionsbeanspruchungen durch die Verbrennungsgase. Daher wurden auf dem vorliegenden Einsatzgebiet spezielle Ventilstähle entwickelt. Im Bereich hoch beanspruchter Oberflächen des Ventiltellers kommen zunehmend Speziallegierungen bevorzugt auf Nickelbasis zum Einsatz.Such valve body, also referred to as a valve stem or valve cone, are highly stressed components in diesel engines, especially large diesel engines in marine propulsion, power plants, emergency generators or the like. Due to the high mechanical and thermal stresses, the seat and guide surfaces of such valve cone are exposed to high wear stresses. Exhaust valves in the area of the valve disk are subject to particularly high corrosion stresses by the combustion gases. Therefore, special valve steels have been developed in the present field of application. In the area of highly stressed surfaces of the valve disk, special alloys, preferably nickel-based, are increasingly being used.

Bei einem bekannten Auslassventil der eingangs genannten Art ( EP 0 521 821 B1 ) ist vorgesehen, den Ventilgrundkörper aus einer warmfesten Nickelbasislegierung wie NIM80A oder NIM81 auszubilden und im Sitzbereich zur Erhöhung der Verschleißfestigkeit und der Korrosionsbeständigkeit eine unter IN625 bzw. IN671 bekannte Nickelbasislegierung einzusetzen (Bei den bekannten Legierungen handelt es sich um die Marken Nimonic und Inconel des Herstellers Inco Alloys International, Inc.). Dabei wird der Sitzbereich durch Plasmaspritzen, Auftragschweißen oder auch pulvermetallurgische Verfahren mit anschließender Warmverformung in einem Walzprozess oder durch Kaltverformung erzeugt.In a known outlet valve of the aforementioned type ( EP 0 521 821 B1 ) is intended to form the valve body of a heat-resistant nickel-based alloy such as NIM80A or NIM81 and use in the seat to increase the wear resistance and corrosion resistance under IN625 or IN671 known nickel-based alloy (in the known alloys are the brands Nimonic and Inconel manufacturer Inco Alloys International, Inc.). In this case, the seating area is produced by plasma spraying, build-up welding or powder metallurgy methods with subsequent hot deformation in a rolling process or by cold deformation.

Im Bereich des Ventilschafts ist es bekannt ( DE 10 2005 013 088 A1 ) Legierungen aus warmfesten Stählen und wegen der im Bereich der Ventilführung auftretenden Biegespannungen, hoher Dauerfestigkeit und Zähigkeit einzusetzen, wie beispielsweise aus typischem Ventilstahl X45CrSi9-3.In the area of the valve stem it is known ( DE 10 2005 013 088 A1 ) Alloys made of heat-resistant steels and because of the bending stresses occurring in the area of the valve guide, high fatigue strength and toughness, such as typical valve steel X45CrSi9-3.

Zusätzlich kann es dabei zweckmäßig sein, die Oberfläche des Ventilschafts durch Plasmanitrieren oder Plasmanitrocarburieren zu härten und hinsichtlich ihrer Gleitfähigkeit zu verbessern.In addition, it may be appropriate to harden the surface of the valve stem by plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing and to improve their lubricity.

Schließlich ist es bei einem bekannten Auslassventil ( EP 0 901 565 B1 ) vorgesehen, den Ventilgrundkörper im Bereich des Ventiltellers, der aus austenitischem Ventilstahl, beispielsweise AISI316 besteht, mit einer Panzerung aus einer Nickel basierten Legierung hoher Widerstandsfähigkeit gegen Heißgaskorrosion im Bereich des Ventilbodens zu versehen. Für den Sitzbereich des Ventils werden verschiedene Nickelbasislegierungen vorgeschlagen, wie IN625, IN671, IN690, IN718 und dergleichen mehr. Nach dem Aufschweißen der Sitzlegierung wird noch eine Erhöhung ihrer Härte bzw. Streckgrenze mittels eines thermomechanischen Umformverfahrens vorgeschlagen.
Trotz der bei den bekannten Auslassventilen eingesetzten hochwertigen Nickelbasislegierungen ist in der Praxis immer wieder festzustellen, dass es bei Motoren, die unter hoher Last laufen oder auch kurzzeitig überhitzt werden zu Rissen im Sitzbereich und im Bereich der Ausrundung (Hohlkehle) des Ventiltellers kommt, die sich in das Grundmaterial fortsetzen. Werden derartige Schäden nicht rechtzeitig entdeckt, so sind Folgeschäden derart, dass Ventile abreißen oder Teile von Ventiltellern abgetrennt werden und zu Zerstörungen auf Seiten der Kolben, Pleuel und sogar nachgeschalteter Turbolader führen, ein höchst unerwünschtes Ergebnis.Finally, with a known exhaust valve ( EP 0 901 565 B1 ), the valve body in the region of the valve disk, which consists of austenitic valve steel, for example AISI316, with a To provide armor made of a nickel-based alloy high resistance to hot gas corrosion in the area of the valve bottom. Various nickel-based alloys are proposed for the seating area of the valve, such as IN625, IN671, IN690, IN718 and the like. After welding the seat alloy, an increase in its hardness or yield strength is proposed by means of a thermomechanical forming process.
Despite the high-quality nickel-base alloys used in the known exhaust valves, in practice it can be stated again and again that cracks in the seating area and in the region of the fillet (groove) of the valve disk occur in engines which run under high load or are briefly overheated continue into the base material. If such damage is not detected in time, consequential damage such that valves break or parts of valve plates are separated and lead to destruction on the piston side, connecting rod and even downstream turbocharger, a highly undesirable result.

Demgegenüber liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, derartige Rissbildungen als Folge hoher Temperaturwechsel im Bereich des Ventilsitzes oder der Ausrundung des Ventiltellers möglichst zu vermeiden, zumindest aber in ihren negativen Auswirkungen zu beschränken, den Sitzbereich auf Seiten des Ventilkörpers möglichst rissfrei zu halten, ohne dass dabei auf den Einsatz hochwertiger der Heißgaskorrosion und dem Verschleißangriff widerstehender Legierungen verzichtet bzw. deren Einsatz eingeschränkt werden muss.In contrast, the present invention seeks to avoid such cracking as a result of high temperature changes in the valve seat or the rounding of the valve disc as possible, but at least to limit their negative impact, to keep the seating area on sides of the valve body as possible without cracking here on the use of high-quality hot gas corrosion and the wear attack Resistant alloys omitted or their use must be restricted.

Ferner soll ein Herstellungsverfahren aufgezeigt werden, durch welches die Eigenschaften der verwendeten Legierungen noch verbessert werden können, so dass sie den Ventilkörpern besonders lange Standzeiten auch bei höchster Beanspruchung verleihen.Furthermore, a manufacturing method is to be shown by which the properties of the alloys used can be improved so that they give the valve bodies particularly long life even at maximum stress.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß an einem Auslassventil der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass die erste Legierung aus einer Nickel- oder Kobaltbasislegierung mit gegenüber der zweiten Legierung höherer Verschleißfestigkeit besteht, dass ein den Tellerboden bildender Bereich des Ventiltellers durch eine dritte und ein daran anschließender Umfangsbereich durch eine vierte Legierung gebildet ist, welche jeweils aus einer Nickelbasislegierung mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen Heißgaskorrosion bestehen und
dass sich ein an den Umfangsbereich anschließender Randbereich des Ventiltellers aus einer fünften, ebenfalls einer Nickelbasislegierung mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit unterhalb des Sitzbereichs, diesen vollständig unterfütternd erstreckt.This object is achieved on an outlet valve of the type mentioned in that the first alloy of a nickel or cobalt-based alloy with respect to the second alloy higher wear resistance, that a plate bottom forming portion of the valve disk by a third and an adjoining peripheral region a fourth alloy is formed, each consisting of a nickel-based alloy having high resistance to hot gas corrosion, and
in that an edge region of the valve disk which adjoins the peripheral region extends from a fifth, likewise a nickel-based alloy with high corrosion resistance, below the seat region, completely underfilling it.

Dadurch dass beim erfindungsgemäßen Auslassventil im Bereich des Ventiltellers ausschließlich nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Legierungen eingesetzt werden, unterbleiben von vornherein durch stark unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen verursachte Rissbildungen. Hinzu kommt das erfindungswesentliche Merkmal der Unterfütterung des Sitzbereichs durch die den Randbereich des Ventiltellers bildende fünfte Legierung, welche in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung mit der dritten und vierten Legierung im wesentlichen die gleiche Zusammensetzung aufweisen kann.The fact that only nickel- or cobalt-based alloys are used in the outlet valve according to the invention in the region of the valve disk, omitted from the outset caused by very different thermal expansion cracks. Come in addition the invention essential feature of relining the seat portion by the edge of the valve disc forming fifth alloy, which may have in an advantageous embodiment with the third and fourth alloy substantially the same composition.

Dennoch ist nicht gänzlich auszuschließen, dass im Betrieb insbesondere unter Überhitzungsbedingungen mit nachfolgender Abkühlung Risse auftreten, die aber durch die Ausbildung eines zusammenhängenden Hüllkörpers aus Tellerboden, Umfangsbereich und Randbereich innerhalb des Hüllkörpers verlaufen.Nevertheless, it can not be completely ruled out that cracks occur during operation, in particular under superheat conditions with subsequent cooling, but that run through the formation of a coherent envelope body consisting of plate bottom, peripheral region and edge region within the envelope body.

Dieser Effekt kann noch dadurch verstärkt werden, dass Tellerboden, Umfangsbereich und Randbereich des Ventiltellers aus derselben Legierung durch Aufschweißen auf den Grundkörper gebildet sind und ferner dadurch, dass die Härte der den Hüllkörper bildenden Legierung geringer ist als jene der ersten oder der zweiten Legierung.This effect can be further enhanced by the fact that the plate bottom, peripheral region and edge region of the valve disk are formed from the same alloy by welding on the base body and further characterized in that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is lower than that of the first or the second alloy.

Durch Feldversuche konnte im Ergebnis gezeigt werden, dass die Rissbildung im Bereich des Tellerbodens im Bereich des Außendurchmessers beginnt, um sich dann langsam in den Umfangsbereich und schließlich in den Randbereich hinein fortzusetzen und dass dabei der Sitzbereich im wesentlichen rissfrei bleibt. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich extrem gute Notlaufeigenschaften in dem Sinne, dass das Ventil auch bei starker Rissbildung durch den weitgehend unversehrten Sitzbereich jedenfalls so lange einsatzfähig bleibt, bis der Schaden durch eine deutliche Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur erkennbar wird und rechtzeitig behoben werden kann.It could be shown by field tests that the cracking in the area of the plate bottom begins in the area of the outside diameter, then slowly continues into the peripheral area and finally into the edge area, while the seating area remains substantially free of cracks. In this way, extremely good emergency running properties result in the sense that the valve in any case even with severe cracking by the largely intact seating area as long as it remains operational until the damage can be identified by a significant increase in the exhaust gas temperature and can be remedied in good time.

Die Feldversuche haben auch gezeigt, dass es zu keiner Ausbreitung der Rissbildung in den Grundkörper des Ventiltellers hinein kommt, jedenfalls dann nicht, wenn auch der Grundkörper aus einer nickelbasierten Legierung, beispielsweise NIM80A geschmiedet ist. Da sowohl der Grundkörper als Schmiedeteil als auch der Sitzbereich aus härteren Legierungen bestehen als der Hüllkörper bietet sich letzterer als geeigneter Ort für die Rissausbreitung an, d.h. Grundkörper und Sitzbereich bleiben im wesentlichen unbeschädigt. Im schlimmsten Fall eines stark vergrößerten Risses kann es zu einem unerwünschten Durchblasen von Verbrennungsgasen unterhalb des Sitzbereichs hindurch kommen, also bis in den Bereich seiner Unterfütterung hinein und darüber hinaus.The field tests have also shown that there is no propagation of cracking in the main body of the valve disk into it, at least not if the basic body is forged from a nickel-based alloy, for example NIM80A. Since both the base body as forging and the seating area consist of harder alloys than the enveloping body, the latter offers itself as a suitable place for crack propagation, i. Body and seating area remain substantially undamaged. In the worst case of a greatly enlarged crack, undesired blow-by of combustion gases can occur below the seating area, ie into the area of its relining and beyond.

Gewissermaßen eine Sollbruchstelle für den Beginn einer Rissbildung lässt sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch erzeugen, dass die in radialer Richtung gemessene Stärke des Umfangsbereichs innerhalb eines begrenzten Umfangsabschnitts, dessen Bogenlänge zweckmäßig zwischen 20 und 40 Winkelgraden beträgt, vergrößert ist. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, den restlichen Umfang des Ventiltellers weitgehend von Rissbildung freizuhalten. Durch Risse innerhalb des verstärkten Umfangsbereichs kann deren Ausbreitung so gesteuert werden, dass deren frühzeitiger Nachweis bei Vermeidung eines größeren Schadens möglich ist.To a certain extent, a predetermined breaking point for the initiation of crack formation can be produced according to the invention by virtue of the fact that the thickness of the peripheral region measured in the radial direction is increased within a limited peripheral section, the arc length of which is expediently between 20 and 40 angular degrees. In this way, it is possible to largely free the remaining circumference of the valve disk from cracking. Cracks within the reinforced peripheral area may cause their propagation to be controlled so that their Proof of avoidance of major damage is possible.

Bezüglich geeigneter Materialien für die verschiedenen Bereiche des Ventiltellers wird auf die Patentansprüche 10 bis 17 verwiesen. Dort sind die bevorzugten Legierungen in ihrer vollständigen Zusammensetzung definiert, wobei es sich um keine abschließende Aufzählung handelt. Es kann dem Fachmann überlassen werden, geeignete alternative Legierungen auszuwählen, welche in ihren chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass im Rahmen der Erfindung die ausgewählten Legierungen hinsichtlich ihrer Wärmedehnung möglichst nicht mehr als Δα=2 [m/m°K] · 10-6 auseinander liegen sollten und dass die den Hüllkörper bildenden Legierungen hinsichtlich ihrer Härte unterhalb den Werten von Grundkörper und Sitzbereich liegen sollten. An einem konkreten Beispiel genügt für eine Hüllkurve aus IN625 ein Härtewert von 200 bis 350 HV, wenn der Grundkörper aus NIM80A geschmiedet ist, der eine Härte von über 400 HV besitzt und wobei als Sitzbereichslegierung Stellite 6 mit einer Härte von 400 bis 500 HV eingesetzt wird.With regard to suitable materials for the various areas of the valve disk, reference is made to the claims 10 to 17. There, the preferred alloys are defined in their full composition, which is not exhaustive. It may be left to the skilled person to select suitable alternative alloys which correspond in their chemical and physical properties to the respective requirements. It should be noted that in the context of the invention, the selected alloys with respect to their thermal expansion should not be more than Δα = 2 [m / m ° K] · 10 -6 apart and that the alloys forming the enveloping body below the values in terms of their hardness should be from the body and seating area. In a specific example, an IN625 envelope has a hardness value of 200 to 350 HV, if the NIM80A body is forged with a hardness of more than 400 HV, and Stellite 6 with a hardness of 400 to 500 HV is used as seat area alloy ,

Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ventilkörpern der vorliegenden Art ist vorgesehen, dass auf dem Grundkörper des Ventiltellers im Bereich des Tellerbodens sowie in seinem Umfangsbereich und einem daran anschließenden Randbereich ein zusammenhängender Hüllkörper durch Auftragschweißen erzeugt wird. Durch anschließendes Kaltumformen kommt es vorteilhaft zum Aufbau einer Druckeigenspannung im Sitzbereich.In a method according to the invention for producing valve bodies of the present type, it is provided that a coherent enveloping body is produced by build-up welding on the base body of the valve disk in the region of the disk base and in its peripheral region and an adjoining edge region. By subsequent cold forming, it is advantageous to build a compressive residual stress in the seating area.

Eine derartige Eigendruckspannung ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil diese gewissermaßen eine Reserve im Falle einer Überhitzung des Motors mit nachfolgender Abkühlung bildet. Die damit verbundenen Zugspannungen bewirken nämlich zuerst einen Abbau der vorhandenen Druckspannung bevor es zur gefürchteten Rissbildung kommt. Infolge der vorhandenen Druckeigenspannung wird bei derartigen Zugspannungen die Streckgrenze im Bereich des Tellerbodens erst entsprechend später erreicht.Such a self-compression stress is particularly advantageous because it forms a kind of reserve in case of overheating of the engine with subsequent cooling. The associated tensile stresses cause namely first a reduction of the existing compressive stress before it comes to the dreaded cracking. As a result of the existing residual compressive stress, the yield strength in the region of the plate bottom is reached correspondingly later at such tensile stresses.

Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Es zeigt

  • Fig. 1: eine Ansicht des Ventiltellers
  • Fig. 2: einen Querschnitt durch den Ventilboden gemäß 11-11 der Figur 1
  • Fig. 3: einen Längsschnitt im Umfangsbereich des Ventiltellers gemäß III-III der Figur 2, und
  • Fig. 4: einen Längsschnitt im Umfangsbereich des Ventiltellers gemäß IV-IV der Figur 2.
In the following an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing. It shows
  • Fig. 1 : a view of the valve disk
  • Fig. 2 a cross section through the valve bottom according to 11-11 of FIG. 1
  • Fig. 3 a longitudinal section in the peripheral region of the valve disk according to III-III of FIG. 2 , and
  • Fig. 4 a longitudinal section in the peripheral region of the valve disk according to IV-IV of FIG. 2 ,

Figur 1 zeigt einen beweglichen Ventilkörper 1 mit verkürzt dargestelltem Ventilschaft 2 und einem Ventilteller 3, der einen ringförmigen Sitzbereich 4, z.B. aus der kobaltbasierten Legierung Stellite 6 aufweist. An seiner Unterseite besitzt der Ventilteller einen Tellerboden 5, der beispielsweise aus der nickelbasierten Legierung IN625 besteht. An den Tellerboden 5 schließt sich ein Umfangsbereich 6, ebenfalls aus IN625 und daran ein Randbereich 7, ebenfalls aus IN625 an. Ein das Innere des Auslassventils bildender Grundkörper 8 erstreckt sich vom Ventilteller 3 hin zum Schaft 2 und bildet zumindest dessen unteren Teil, je nachdem ob es sich um ein Vollkörperventil handelt oder um ein Bimetallventil, bei welchem ein oberer Schaftteil üblicherweise aus einem Ventilstahl besteht, der mit dem unteren Schaftteil durch Reibschweißen verbunden ist. Der Grundkörper 8 gemäß dem vorliegenden Beispiel besteht aus Nimonic 80A und ist durch Schmieden hergestellt. Auf den Grundkörper 8 wird ein Hüllkörper bestehend aus Tellerboden 5, Umfangsbereich 6 und Randbereich 7 durch Aufschweißen erzeugt. Nach dem Aufschweißen des Hüllkörpers wird in einer umlaufenden Nut 9 desselben die den Sitzbereich 4 bildende Sitzlegierung aus Stellite 6 ebenfalls durch Aufschweißen gebildet. FIG. 1 shows a movable valve body 1 with shortened valve stem 2 and a valve plate 3, which has an annular seating area 4, for example of the cobalt-based alloy Stellite 6. On its underside, the valve plate has a plate bottom 5, which consists for example of the nickel-based alloy IN625. The plate base 5 is adjoined by a peripheral region 6, likewise made of IN625 and adjoining an edge region 7, likewise of IN625. A body 8 forming the interior of the outlet valve extends from the valve disk 3 towards the shaft 2 and forms at least its lower part, depending on whether it is a full-body valve or a bimetallic valve in which an upper shaft part usually consists of a valve steel is connected to the lower shaft part by friction welding. The main body 8 according to the present example is made of Nimonic 80A and is made by forging. On the main body 8, an enveloping body consisting of plate base 5, peripheral region 6 and edge region 7 is generated by welding. After welding on the enveloping body, the seating alloy made of stellite 6, which forms the seating area 4, is likewise formed by welding in a circumferential groove 9 thereof.

Die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4 unterscheidet sich von jener gemäß Fig. 3 dadurch, dass bei Figur 4 der Umfangsbereich 6 verdickt ausgebildet ist, wie man in der Schnittdarstellung gemäß Figur 3 erkennen kann. Im Bereich der Verdickung stellt sich deren Innenseite 10 in der Schnittdarstellung gemäß Figur 2 wie eine Kreissehne dar, die sich innerhalb eines Kreisbogens b von etwa 30 Winkelgraden erstreckt.The representation according to Fig. 4 differs from that according to Fig. 3 in that at FIG. 4 the peripheral region 6 is formed thickened, as shown in the sectional view according to FIG. 3 can recognize. In the area of the thickening, the inner side 10 of which is shown in the sectional view FIG. 2 as a chord that extends within a circular arc b of about 30 degrees.

Nach dem Aufschweißen wird die Außenfläche des Ventiltellers durch Kaltumformen, z.B. durch Rollen oder Kaltpressen verformt. Dabei wird der Hüllkörper insbesondere im Umfangsbereich 6 derart verformt, dass im Bereich des Tellerbodens 5 aus der nach dem Aufschweißen vorhandenen Zugeigenspannung eine Druckeigenspannung entsteht.After welding, the outer surface of the valve disk is removed by cold forming, e.g. deformed by rolling or cold pressing. In this case, the enveloping body is deformed in such a way, in particular in the circumferential region 6, that a compressive residual stress is created in the region of the plate base 5 from the residual tensile stress existing after welding.

Claims (20)

  1. An outlet valve on a reciprocating engine, comprising a movable valve body from a valve shaft and a valve plate, the valve plate having a ring-shaped seat region made of a first alloy that is different from a second alloy forming at least the base body of the valve plate in the form of a nickel-based alloy,
    characterized in
    that the first alloy consists of a nickel- or cobalt-based alloy having a higher wear resistance compared to the second alloy,
    that a region of the valve plate (3) forming the plate bottom (5) is formed by a third alloy and a circumferential region (6) adjacent thereto is formed by a fourth alloy, each of said alloys consisting of a nickel-based alloy with a high resistance against hot gas corrosion, and
    that an edge region (7) of the valve plate (3) adjacent to the circumferential region (6) of the valve plate (3) is made of a fifth alloy, which is also a nickel-based alloy with high corrosion resistance, and extends underneath the seating region (4) and lines the seat region completely.
  2. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the third, fourth and fifth alloys have substantially the same composition.
  3. The outlet valve according to claim 2,
    characterized in
    that the plate bottom (5), the circumferential region (6) and the edge region (7) of the valve plate (3) are formed by the same alloy by welding onto the base body (8).
  4. The outlet valve according to claim 3,
    characterized in
    that the plate bottom (5), the circumferential region (6) and the edge region (7) of the valve plate (3) form a continuous enveloping body within the edge region (7) of which, a circumferentially extending groove (9) is provided for receiving the first alloy forming the seat region (4).
  5. The outlet valve according to claim 4,
    characterized in
    that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is lower than the hardness of the first or the second alloy.
  6. The outlet valve according to claim 4,
    characterized in
    that the thermal expansion of the second alloy is approximately the same as the thermal expansion of the alloys forming the enveloping body.
  7. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the thickness of the circumferential region (7) measured in the radial direction is increased within a limited circumferential section.
  8. The outlet valve according to claim 7,
    characterized in
    that the reinforced circumferential region corresponds to an arc length between 20 and 40 angular degrees.
  9. The outlet valve according to claim 5,
    characterized in
    that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is 200 to 350 HV.
  10. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Stellite 6 comprising the main components 27% Cr, 5% W, 2.5% Fe, 2.5% Ni, 1% Si, 1% C, balance Co, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  11. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Stellite 12 comprising the main components 30% Cr, 9% W, 2.5% Fe, 2.5% Ni, 1% Si, 1.8% C, balance Co, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  12. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Triballoy T700 comprising the main components 32% Mo, 15% Cr, 3.3% Si, 0.1% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  13. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Triballoy T800 comprising the main components 28% Mo, 17% Cr, 3.4% Si, 0.8% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  14. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation IN718 comprising the main components 19% Cr, 18% Fe, 5.2% Nb, 3% Mo, 1% Ti, 0.55% Al, 0.04% C balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  15. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the second alloy (L2) forming the base body (8) corresponds to the composition known under the designation NIM80A comprising the main components 19.5% Cr, 2.35% Ti, 1.4% Al, 0.06% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  16. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the alloys (L3, L4, L5) forming the enveloping body correspond to the composition known under the designation IN625 comprising the main components 22% Cr, 9% Mo, 3.5% Nb, 3% Fe, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  17. The outlet valve according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the alloys (L3, L4, L5) forming the enveloping body correspond to the composition known under the designation IN671 comprising the main components 46% Cr, 0.35% Ti, 0.05% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight.
  18. A method for producing movable valve bodies for outlet valves according to any one of the claims 1 to 15,
    characterized in
    that on the base body (8) of the valve plate (3) in the region of the plate bottom (5) as well as in the base body's circumferential region (6) and an adjacent edge region (7), a continuous enveloping body is generated by means of deposition welding.
  19. The method according to claim 18,
    characterized in
    that after deposition welding, the valve cone is subjected to a heat treatment at 600 to 800 °C in such a manner that residual stress in the enveloping body is completely or partially relieved.
  20. The method according to claim 18,
    characterized in
    that after deposition welding, the valve plate (3) is subjected to a thermomechanical forming method for generating residual compressive stress in the seat region (4).
EP09732571A 2008-04-14 2009-04-08 Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine Active EP2276913B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008018875A DE102008018875A1 (en) 2008-04-14 2008-04-14 Exhaust valve on a reciprocating engine
PCT/EP2009/002580 WO2009127348A1 (en) 2008-04-14 2009-04-08 Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2276913A1 EP2276913A1 (en) 2011-01-26
EP2276913B1 true EP2276913B1 (en) 2011-11-09

Family

ID=40886618

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09732571A Active EP2276913B1 (en) 2008-04-14 2009-04-08 Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2276913B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE532945T1 (en)
DE (1) DE102008018875A1 (en)
DK (1) DK2276913T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2009127348A1 (en)

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DE102021106647A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Armored poppet valve and method for its manufacture

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DE102011056480A1 (en) * 2011-12-15 2013-06-20 Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh Method for producing a formed metallic workpiece with armor
DK177960B1 (en) * 2014-04-08 2015-02-02 Man Diesel & Turbo Deutschland An exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine
US9644504B2 (en) 2015-03-17 2017-05-09 Caterpillar Inc. Single crystal engine valve

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DE102021106647A1 (en) 2021-03-18 2022-09-22 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Armored poppet valve and method for its manufacture

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE532945T1 (en) 2011-11-15
EP2276913A1 (en) 2011-01-26
DK2276913T3 (en) 2011-12-19
WO2009127348A1 (en) 2009-10-22
DE102008018875A1 (en) 2009-10-15

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