EP2276913B1 - Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine - Google Patents
Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine Download PDFInfo
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- EP2276913B1 EP2276913B1 EP09732571A EP09732571A EP2276913B1 EP 2276913 B1 EP2276913 B1 EP 2276913B1 EP 09732571 A EP09732571 A EP 09732571A EP 09732571 A EP09732571 A EP 09732571A EP 2276913 B1 EP2276913 B1 EP 2276913B1
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- outlet valve
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel Substances [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001347 Stellite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;cobalt;iron;manganese;methane;molybdenum;nickel;silicon;tungsten Chemical compound C.[Si].[Cr].[Mn].[Fe].[Co].[Ni].[Mo].[W] AHICWQREWHDHHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000930 thermomechanical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 8
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 3
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 14
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001235 nimonic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001026 inconel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007750 plasma spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
- F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
- F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust valve on a reciprocating engine, comprising a valve body and valve head movable valve body having an annular first alloy seat portion which is different from a second nickel base alloy alloy forming at least the main body of the valve disk.
- the invention further relates to a method for producing a movable valve body for an exhaust valve on a diesel engine.
- valve body also referred to as a valve stem or valve cone
- valve body are highly stressed components in diesel engines, especially large diesel engines in marine propulsion, power plants, emergency generators or the like. Due to the high mechanical and thermal stresses, the seat and guide surfaces of such valve cone are exposed to high wear stresses. Exhaust valves in the area of the valve disk are subject to particularly high corrosion stresses by the combustion gases. Therefore, special valve steels have been developed in the present field of application. In the area of highly stressed surfaces of the valve disk, special alloys, preferably nickel-based, are increasingly being used.
- a known outlet valve of the aforementioned type (EP 0 521 821 B1 ) is intended to form the valve body of a heat-resistant nickel-based alloy such as NIM80A or NIM81 and use in the seat to increase the wear resistance and corrosion resistance under IN625 or IN671 known nickel-based alloy (in the known alloys are the brands Nimonic and Inconel manufacturer Inco Alloys International, Inc.).
- the seating area is produced by plasma spraying, build-up welding or powder metallurgy methods with subsequent hot deformation in a rolling process or by cold deformation.
- valve stem it may be appropriate to harden the surface of the valve stem by plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing and to improve their lubricity.
- valve body in the region of the valve disk, which consists of austenitic valve steel, for example AISI316, with a To provide armor made of a nickel-based alloy high resistance to hot gas corrosion in the area of the valve bottom.
- Various nickel-based alloys are proposed for the seating area of the valve, such as IN625, IN671, IN690, IN718 and the like. After welding the seat alloy, an increase in its hardness or yield strength is proposed by means of a thermomechanical forming process.
- the present invention seeks to avoid such cracking as a result of high temperature changes in the valve seat or the rounding of the valve disc as possible, but at least to limit their negative impact, to keep the seating area on sides of the valve body as possible without cracking here on the use of high-quality hot gas corrosion and the wear attack Resistant alloys omitted or their use must be restricted.
- an outlet valve of the type mentioned in that the first alloy of a nickel or cobalt-based alloy with respect to the second alloy higher wear resistance, that a plate bottom forming portion of the valve disk by a third and an adjoining peripheral region a fourth alloy is formed, each consisting of a nickel-based alloy having high resistance to hot gas corrosion, and in that an edge region of the valve disk which adjoins the peripheral region extends from a fifth, likewise a nickel-based alloy with high corrosion resistance, below the seat region, completely underfilling it.
- the plate bottom, peripheral region and edge region of the valve disk are formed from the same alloy by welding on the base body and further characterized in that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is lower than that of the first or the second alloy.
- a predetermined breaking point for the initiation of crack formation can be produced according to the invention by virtue of the fact that the thickness of the peripheral region measured in the radial direction is increased within a limited peripheral section, the arc length of which is expediently between 20 and 40 angular degrees. In this way, it is possible to largely free the remaining circumference of the valve disk from cracking. Cracks within the reinforced peripheral area may cause their propagation to be controlled so that their Proof of avoidance of major damage is possible.
- an IN625 envelope has a hardness value of 200 to 350 HV, if the NIM80A body is forged with a hardness of more than 400 HV, and Stellite 6 with a hardness of 400 to 500 HV is used as seat area alloy ,
- a coherent enveloping body is produced by build-up welding on the base body of the valve disk in the region of the disk base and in its peripheral region and an adjoining edge region.
- Such a self-compression stress is particularly advantageous because it forms a kind of reserve in case of overheating of the engine with subsequent cooling.
- the associated tensile stresses cause namely first a reduction of the existing compressive stress before it comes to the dreaded cracking.
- the yield strength in the region of the plate bottom is reached correspondingly later at such tensile stresses.
- FIG. 1 shows a movable valve body 1 with shortened valve stem 2 and a valve plate 3, which has an annular seating area 4, for example of the cobalt-based alloy Stellite 6.
- the valve plate On its underside, the valve plate has a plate bottom 5, which consists for example of the nickel-based alloy IN625.
- the plate base 5 is adjoined by a peripheral region 6, likewise made of IN625 and adjoining an edge region 7, likewise of IN625.
- a body 8 forming the interior of the outlet valve extends from the valve disk 3 towards the shaft 2 and forms at least its lower part, depending on whether it is a full-body valve or a bimetallic valve in which an upper shaft part usually consists of a valve steel is connected to the lower shaft part by friction welding.
- the main body 8 is made of Nimonic 80A and is made by forging. On the main body 8, an enveloping body consisting of plate base 5, peripheral region 6 and edge region 7 is generated by welding. After welding on the enveloping body, the seating alloy made of stellite 6, which forms the seating area 4, is likewise formed by welding in a circumferential groove 9 thereof.
- the representation according to Fig. 4 differs from that according to Fig. 3 in that at FIG. 4 the peripheral region 6 is formed thickened, as shown in the sectional view according to FIG. 3 can recognize.
- the inner side 10 of which is shown in the sectional view FIG. 2 as a chord that extends within a circular arc b of about 30 degrees.
- the outer surface of the valve disk is removed by cold forming, e.g. deformed by rolling or cold pressing.
- the enveloping body is deformed in such a way, in particular in the circumferential region 6, that a compressive residual stress is created in the region of the plate base 5 from the residual tensile stress existing after welding.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Lift Valve (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Auslassventil an einem Hubkolbenmotor, mit einem beweglichen Ventilkörper aus Ventilschaft und Ventilteller, der einen ringförmigen Sitzbereich aus einer ersten Legierung aufweist, die von einer zweiten, wenigstens den Grundkörper des Ventiltellers bildenden Legierung in Art einer Nickelbasislegierung verschieden ist.The invention relates to an exhaust valve on a reciprocating engine, comprising a valve body and valve head movable valve body having an annular first alloy seat portion which is different from a second nickel base alloy alloy forming at least the main body of the valve disk.
Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines beweglichen Ventilkörpers für ein Auslassventil an einem Dieselmotor.The invention further relates to a method for producing a movable valve body for an exhaust valve on a diesel engine.
Derartige Ventilkörper, auch als Ventilspindel oder Ventilkegel bezeichnet, sind hoch beanspruchte Bauteile in Dieselmotoren, insbesondere Großdieselmotoren in Schiffsantrieben, Kraftwerken, Notstromaggregaten oder dergleichen. Infolge der hohen mechanischen und thermischen Beanspruchungen sind die Sitz- und Führungsflächen derartiger Ventilkegel hohen Verschleißbeanspruchungen ausgesetzt. Auslassventile unterliegen im Bereich des Ventiltellers besonders hohen Korrosionsbeanspruchungen durch die Verbrennungsgase. Daher wurden auf dem vorliegenden Einsatzgebiet spezielle Ventilstähle entwickelt. Im Bereich hoch beanspruchter Oberflächen des Ventiltellers kommen zunehmend Speziallegierungen bevorzugt auf Nickelbasis zum Einsatz.Such valve body, also referred to as a valve stem or valve cone, are highly stressed components in diesel engines, especially large diesel engines in marine propulsion, power plants, emergency generators or the like. Due to the high mechanical and thermal stresses, the seat and guide surfaces of such valve cone are exposed to high wear stresses. Exhaust valves in the area of the valve disk are subject to particularly high corrosion stresses by the combustion gases. Therefore, special valve steels have been developed in the present field of application. In the area of highly stressed surfaces of the valve disk, special alloys, preferably nickel-based, are increasingly being used.
Bei einem bekannten Auslassventil der eingangs genannten Art (
Im Bereich des Ventilschafts ist es bekannt (
Zusätzlich kann es dabei zweckmäßig sein, die Oberfläche des Ventilschafts durch Plasmanitrieren oder Plasmanitrocarburieren zu härten und hinsichtlich ihrer Gleitfähigkeit zu verbessern.In addition, it may be appropriate to harden the surface of the valve stem by plasma nitriding or plasma nitrocarburizing and to improve their lubricity.
Schließlich ist es bei einem bekannten Auslassventil (
Trotz der bei den bekannten Auslassventilen eingesetzten hochwertigen Nickelbasislegierungen ist in der Praxis immer wieder festzustellen, dass es bei Motoren, die unter hoher Last laufen oder auch kurzzeitig überhitzt werden zu Rissen im Sitzbereich und im Bereich der Ausrundung (Hohlkehle) des Ventiltellers kommt, die sich in das Grundmaterial fortsetzen. Werden derartige Schäden nicht rechtzeitig entdeckt, so sind Folgeschäden derart, dass Ventile abreißen oder Teile von Ventiltellern abgetrennt werden und zu Zerstörungen auf Seiten der Kolben, Pleuel und sogar nachgeschalteter Turbolader führen, ein höchst unerwünschtes Ergebnis.Finally, with a known exhaust valve (
Despite the high-quality nickel-base alloys used in the known exhaust valves, in practice it can be stated again and again that cracks in the seating area and in the region of the fillet (groove) of the valve disk occur in engines which run under high load or are briefly overheated continue into the base material. If such damage is not detected in time, consequential damage such that valves break or parts of valve plates are separated and lead to destruction on the piston side, connecting rod and even downstream turbocharger, a highly undesirable result.
Demgegenüber liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, derartige Rissbildungen als Folge hoher Temperaturwechsel im Bereich des Ventilsitzes oder der Ausrundung des Ventiltellers möglichst zu vermeiden, zumindest aber in ihren negativen Auswirkungen zu beschränken, den Sitzbereich auf Seiten des Ventilkörpers möglichst rissfrei zu halten, ohne dass dabei auf den Einsatz hochwertiger der Heißgaskorrosion und dem Verschleißangriff widerstehender Legierungen verzichtet bzw. deren Einsatz eingeschränkt werden muss.In contrast, the present invention seeks to avoid such cracking as a result of high temperature changes in the valve seat or the rounding of the valve disc as possible, but at least to limit their negative impact, to keep the seating area on sides of the valve body as possible without cracking here on the use of high-quality hot gas corrosion and the wear attack Resistant alloys omitted or their use must be restricted.
Ferner soll ein Herstellungsverfahren aufgezeigt werden, durch welches die Eigenschaften der verwendeten Legierungen noch verbessert werden können, so dass sie den Ventilkörpern besonders lange Standzeiten auch bei höchster Beanspruchung verleihen.Furthermore, a manufacturing method is to be shown by which the properties of the alloys used can be improved so that they give the valve bodies particularly long life even at maximum stress.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß an einem Auslassventil der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass die erste Legierung aus einer Nickel- oder Kobaltbasislegierung mit gegenüber der zweiten Legierung höherer Verschleißfestigkeit besteht, dass ein den Tellerboden bildender Bereich des Ventiltellers durch eine dritte und ein daran anschließender Umfangsbereich durch eine vierte Legierung gebildet ist, welche jeweils aus einer Nickelbasislegierung mit hoher Beständigkeit gegen Heißgaskorrosion bestehen und
dass sich ein an den Umfangsbereich anschließender Randbereich des Ventiltellers aus einer fünften, ebenfalls einer Nickelbasislegierung mit hoher Korrosionsbeständigkeit unterhalb des Sitzbereichs, diesen vollständig unterfütternd erstreckt.This object is achieved on an outlet valve of the type mentioned in that the first alloy of a nickel or cobalt-based alloy with respect to the second alloy higher wear resistance, that a plate bottom forming portion of the valve disk by a third and an adjoining peripheral region a fourth alloy is formed, each consisting of a nickel-based alloy having high resistance to hot gas corrosion, and
in that an edge region of the valve disk which adjoins the peripheral region extends from a fifth, likewise a nickel-based alloy with high corrosion resistance, below the seat region, completely underfilling it.
Dadurch dass beim erfindungsgemäßen Auslassventil im Bereich des Ventiltellers ausschließlich nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Legierungen eingesetzt werden, unterbleiben von vornherein durch stark unterschiedliche Wärmedehnungen verursachte Rissbildungen. Hinzu kommt das erfindungswesentliche Merkmal der Unterfütterung des Sitzbereichs durch die den Randbereich des Ventiltellers bildende fünfte Legierung, welche in einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung mit der dritten und vierten Legierung im wesentlichen die gleiche Zusammensetzung aufweisen kann.The fact that only nickel- or cobalt-based alloys are used in the outlet valve according to the invention in the region of the valve disk, omitted from the outset caused by very different thermal expansion cracks. Come in addition the invention essential feature of relining the seat portion by the edge of the valve disc forming fifth alloy, which may have in an advantageous embodiment with the third and fourth alloy substantially the same composition.
Dennoch ist nicht gänzlich auszuschließen, dass im Betrieb insbesondere unter Überhitzungsbedingungen mit nachfolgender Abkühlung Risse auftreten, die aber durch die Ausbildung eines zusammenhängenden Hüllkörpers aus Tellerboden, Umfangsbereich und Randbereich innerhalb des Hüllkörpers verlaufen.Nevertheless, it can not be completely ruled out that cracks occur during operation, in particular under superheat conditions with subsequent cooling, but that run through the formation of a coherent envelope body consisting of plate bottom, peripheral region and edge region within the envelope body.
Dieser Effekt kann noch dadurch verstärkt werden, dass Tellerboden, Umfangsbereich und Randbereich des Ventiltellers aus derselben Legierung durch Aufschweißen auf den Grundkörper gebildet sind und ferner dadurch, dass die Härte der den Hüllkörper bildenden Legierung geringer ist als jene der ersten oder der zweiten Legierung.This effect can be further enhanced by the fact that the plate bottom, peripheral region and edge region of the valve disk are formed from the same alloy by welding on the base body and further characterized in that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is lower than that of the first or the second alloy.
Durch Feldversuche konnte im Ergebnis gezeigt werden, dass die Rissbildung im Bereich des Tellerbodens im Bereich des Außendurchmessers beginnt, um sich dann langsam in den Umfangsbereich und schließlich in den Randbereich hinein fortzusetzen und dass dabei der Sitzbereich im wesentlichen rissfrei bleibt. Auf diese Weise ergeben sich extrem gute Notlaufeigenschaften in dem Sinne, dass das Ventil auch bei starker Rissbildung durch den weitgehend unversehrten Sitzbereich jedenfalls so lange einsatzfähig bleibt, bis der Schaden durch eine deutliche Erhöhung der Abgastemperatur erkennbar wird und rechtzeitig behoben werden kann.It could be shown by field tests that the cracking in the area of the plate bottom begins in the area of the outside diameter, then slowly continues into the peripheral area and finally into the edge area, while the seating area remains substantially free of cracks. In this way, extremely good emergency running properties result in the sense that the valve in any case even with severe cracking by the largely intact seating area as long as it remains operational until the damage can be identified by a significant increase in the exhaust gas temperature and can be remedied in good time.
Die Feldversuche haben auch gezeigt, dass es zu keiner Ausbreitung der Rissbildung in den Grundkörper des Ventiltellers hinein kommt, jedenfalls dann nicht, wenn auch der Grundkörper aus einer nickelbasierten Legierung, beispielsweise NIM80A geschmiedet ist. Da sowohl der Grundkörper als Schmiedeteil als auch der Sitzbereich aus härteren Legierungen bestehen als der Hüllkörper bietet sich letzterer als geeigneter Ort für die Rissausbreitung an, d.h. Grundkörper und Sitzbereich bleiben im wesentlichen unbeschädigt. Im schlimmsten Fall eines stark vergrößerten Risses kann es zu einem unerwünschten Durchblasen von Verbrennungsgasen unterhalb des Sitzbereichs hindurch kommen, also bis in den Bereich seiner Unterfütterung hinein und darüber hinaus.The field tests have also shown that there is no propagation of cracking in the main body of the valve disk into it, at least not if the basic body is forged from a nickel-based alloy, for example NIM80A. Since both the base body as forging and the seating area consist of harder alloys than the enveloping body, the latter offers itself as a suitable place for crack propagation, i. Body and seating area remain substantially undamaged. In the worst case of a greatly enlarged crack, undesired blow-by of combustion gases can occur below the seating area, ie into the area of its relining and beyond.
Gewissermaßen eine Sollbruchstelle für den Beginn einer Rissbildung lässt sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch erzeugen, dass die in radialer Richtung gemessene Stärke des Umfangsbereichs innerhalb eines begrenzten Umfangsabschnitts, dessen Bogenlänge zweckmäßig zwischen 20 und 40 Winkelgraden beträgt, vergrößert ist. Auf diese Weise gelingt es, den restlichen Umfang des Ventiltellers weitgehend von Rissbildung freizuhalten. Durch Risse innerhalb des verstärkten Umfangsbereichs kann deren Ausbreitung so gesteuert werden, dass deren frühzeitiger Nachweis bei Vermeidung eines größeren Schadens möglich ist.To a certain extent, a predetermined breaking point for the initiation of crack formation can be produced according to the invention by virtue of the fact that the thickness of the peripheral region measured in the radial direction is increased within a limited peripheral section, the arc length of which is expediently between 20 and 40 angular degrees. In this way, it is possible to largely free the remaining circumference of the valve disk from cracking. Cracks within the reinforced peripheral area may cause their propagation to be controlled so that their Proof of avoidance of major damage is possible.
Bezüglich geeigneter Materialien für die verschiedenen Bereiche des Ventiltellers wird auf die Patentansprüche 10 bis 17 verwiesen. Dort sind die bevorzugten Legierungen in ihrer vollständigen Zusammensetzung definiert, wobei es sich um keine abschließende Aufzählung handelt. Es kann dem Fachmann überlassen werden, geeignete alternative Legierungen auszuwählen, welche in ihren chemischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften den jeweiligen Anforderungen entsprechen. Dabei ist zu beachten, dass im Rahmen der Erfindung die ausgewählten Legierungen hinsichtlich ihrer Wärmedehnung möglichst nicht mehr als Δα=2 [m/m°K] · 10-6 auseinander liegen sollten und dass die den Hüllkörper bildenden Legierungen hinsichtlich ihrer Härte unterhalb den Werten von Grundkörper und Sitzbereich liegen sollten. An einem konkreten Beispiel genügt für eine Hüllkurve aus IN625 ein Härtewert von 200 bis 350 HV, wenn der Grundkörper aus NIM80A geschmiedet ist, der eine Härte von über 400 HV besitzt und wobei als Sitzbereichslegierung Stellite 6 mit einer Härte von 400 bis 500 HV eingesetzt wird.With regard to suitable materials for the various areas of the valve disk, reference is made to the
Bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Ventilkörpern der vorliegenden Art ist vorgesehen, dass auf dem Grundkörper des Ventiltellers im Bereich des Tellerbodens sowie in seinem Umfangsbereich und einem daran anschließenden Randbereich ein zusammenhängender Hüllkörper durch Auftragschweißen erzeugt wird. Durch anschließendes Kaltumformen kommt es vorteilhaft zum Aufbau einer Druckeigenspannung im Sitzbereich.In a method according to the invention for producing valve bodies of the present type, it is provided that a coherent enveloping body is produced by build-up welding on the base body of the valve disk in the region of the disk base and in its peripheral region and an adjoining edge region. By subsequent cold forming, it is advantageous to build a compressive residual stress in the seating area.
Eine derartige Eigendruckspannung ist besonders vorteilhaft, weil diese gewissermaßen eine Reserve im Falle einer Überhitzung des Motors mit nachfolgender Abkühlung bildet. Die damit verbundenen Zugspannungen bewirken nämlich zuerst einen Abbau der vorhandenen Druckspannung bevor es zur gefürchteten Rissbildung kommt. Infolge der vorhandenen Druckeigenspannung wird bei derartigen Zugspannungen die Streckgrenze im Bereich des Tellerbodens erst entsprechend später erreicht.Such a self-compression stress is particularly advantageous because it forms a kind of reserve in case of overheating of the engine with subsequent cooling. The associated tensile stresses cause namely first a reduction of the existing compressive stress before it comes to the dreaded cracking. As a result of the existing residual compressive stress, the yield strength in the region of the plate bottom is reached correspondingly later at such tensile stresses.
Im folgenden wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung beschrieben. Es zeigt
-
Fig. 1 : eine Ansicht des Ventiltellers -
Fig. 2 : einen Querschnitt durch den Ventilboden gemäß 11-11 derFigur 1 -
Fig. 3 : einen Längsschnitt im Umfangsbereich des Ventiltellers gemäß III-III der , undFigur 2 -
Fig. 4 : einen Längsschnitt im Umfangsbereich des Ventiltellers gemäß IV-IV der .Figur 2
-
Fig. 1 : a view of the valve disk -
Fig. 2 a cross section through the valve bottom according to 11-11 ofFIG. 1 -
Fig. 3 a longitudinal section in the peripheral region of the valve disk according to III-III ofFIG. 2 , and -
Fig. 4 a longitudinal section in the peripheral region of the valve disk according to IV-IV ofFIG. 2 ,
Die Darstellung gemäß
Nach dem Aufschweißen wird die Außenfläche des Ventiltellers durch Kaltumformen, z.B. durch Rollen oder Kaltpressen verformt. Dabei wird der Hüllkörper insbesondere im Umfangsbereich 6 derart verformt, dass im Bereich des Tellerbodens 5 aus der nach dem Aufschweißen vorhandenen Zugeigenspannung eine Druckeigenspannung entsteht.After welding, the outer surface of the valve disk is removed by cold forming, e.g. deformed by rolling or cold pressing. In this case, the enveloping body is deformed in such a way, in particular in the circumferential region 6, that a compressive residual stress is created in the region of the
Claims (20)
- An outlet valve on a reciprocating engine, comprising a movable valve body from a valve shaft and a valve plate, the valve plate having a ring-shaped seat region made of a first alloy that is different from a second alloy forming at least the base body of the valve plate in the form of a nickel-based alloy,
characterized in
that the first alloy consists of a nickel- or cobalt-based alloy having a higher wear resistance compared to the second alloy,
that a region of the valve plate (3) forming the plate bottom (5) is formed by a third alloy and a circumferential region (6) adjacent thereto is formed by a fourth alloy, each of said alloys consisting of a nickel-based alloy with a high resistance against hot gas corrosion, and
that an edge region (7) of the valve plate (3) adjacent to the circumferential region (6) of the valve plate (3) is made of a fifth alloy, which is also a nickel-based alloy with high corrosion resistance, and extends underneath the seating region (4) and lines the seat region completely. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the third, fourth and fifth alloys have substantially the same composition. - The outlet valve according to claim 2,
characterized in
that the plate bottom (5), the circumferential region (6) and the edge region (7) of the valve plate (3) are formed by the same alloy by welding onto the base body (8). - The outlet valve according to claim 3,
characterized in
that the plate bottom (5), the circumferential region (6) and the edge region (7) of the valve plate (3) form a continuous enveloping body within the edge region (7) of which, a circumferentially extending groove (9) is provided for receiving the first alloy forming the seat region (4). - The outlet valve according to claim 4,
characterized in
that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is lower than the hardness of the first or the second alloy. - The outlet valve according to claim 4,
characterized in
that the thermal expansion of the second alloy is approximately the same as the thermal expansion of the alloys forming the enveloping body. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the thickness of the circumferential region (7) measured in the radial direction is increased within a limited circumferential section. - The outlet valve according to claim 7,
characterized in
that the reinforced circumferential region corresponds to an arc length between 20 and 40 angular degrees. - The outlet valve according to claim 5,
characterized in
that the hardness of the alloy forming the enveloping body is 200 to 350 HV. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Stellite 6 comprising the main components 27% Cr, 5% W, 2.5% Fe, 2.5% Ni, 1% Si, 1% C, balance Co, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Stellite 12 comprising the main components 30% Cr, 9% W, 2.5% Fe, 2.5% Ni, 1% Si, 1.8% C, balance Co, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Triballoy T700 comprising the main components 32% Mo, 15% Cr, 3.3% Si, 0.1% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation Triballoy T800 comprising the main components 28% Mo, 17% Cr, 3.4% Si, 0.8% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the first alloy (L1) forming the seat region (4) corresponds to the composition known under the designation IN718 comprising the main components 19% Cr, 18% Fe, 5.2% Nb, 3% Mo, 1% Ti, 0.55% Al, 0.04% C balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the second alloy (L2) forming the base body (8) corresponds to the composition known under the designation NIM80A comprising the main components 19.5% Cr, 2.35% Ti, 1.4% Al, 0.06% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the alloys (L3, L4, L5) forming the enveloping body correspond to the composition known under the designation IN625 comprising the main components 22% Cr, 9% Mo, 3.5% Nb, 3% Fe, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight. - The outlet valve according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the alloys (L3, L4, L5) forming the enveloping body correspond to the composition known under the designation IN671 comprising the main components 46% Cr, 0.35% Ti, 0.05% C, balance Ni, in each case measured in percent by weight. - A method for producing movable valve bodies for outlet valves according to any one of the claims 1 to 15,
characterized in
that on the base body (8) of the valve plate (3) in the region of the plate bottom (5) as well as in the base body's circumferential region (6) and an adjacent edge region (7), a continuous enveloping body is generated by means of deposition welding. - The method according to claim 18,
characterized in
that after deposition welding, the valve cone is subjected to a heat treatment at 600 to 800 °C in such a manner that residual stress in the enveloping body is completely or partially relieved. - The method according to claim 18,
characterized in
that after deposition welding, the valve plate (3) is subjected to a thermomechanical forming method for generating residual compressive stress in the seat region (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008018875A DE102008018875A1 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2008-04-14 | Exhaust valve on a reciprocating engine |
PCT/EP2009/002580 WO2009127348A1 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-08 | Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2276913A1 EP2276913A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
EP2276913B1 true EP2276913B1 (en) | 2011-11-09 |
Family
ID=40886618
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09732571A Active EP2276913B1 (en) | 2008-04-14 | 2009-04-08 | Outlet valve on a reciprocating engine |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2276913B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE532945T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008018875A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2276913T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009127348A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021106647A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Armored poppet valve and method for its manufacture |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102008061237A1 (en) * | 2008-12-09 | 2010-06-10 | Man Diesel Se | Gas exchange valve and method for its production |
DE102009016833B3 (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2011-01-13 | Märkisches Werk GmbH | bimetal |
DE102011056480A1 (en) * | 2011-12-15 | 2013-06-20 | Gesenkschmiede Schneider Gmbh | Method for producing a formed metallic workpiece with armor |
DK177960B1 (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2015-02-02 | Man Diesel & Turbo Deutschland | An exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine |
US9644504B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 | 2017-05-09 | Caterpillar Inc. | Single crystal engine valve |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2856232A1 (en) * | 1978-12-27 | 1980-07-17 | Teves Thompson Gmbh | Mushroom valve for exhaust gas turbocharger - has hard metal seat on base covered with corrosion and temp.-resistant layer |
JPS59192811A (en) * | 1983-04-14 | 1984-11-01 | Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd | Poppet valve |
JPS60122206A (en) * | 1983-12-06 | 1985-06-29 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Valve for internal-combustion engine |
DE3517077C1 (en) * | 1985-05-11 | 1986-11-06 | M.A.N.- B & W Diesel GmbH, 8900 Augsburg | Process for armoring the valve seat surface of a thermally and mechanically highly resilient and corrosion-protected gas exchange valve for a heavy oil-operated internal combustion engine |
JPS61270335A (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1986-11-29 | Toyota Motor Corp | Build-up valve for internal combustion engine |
JPS63309705A (en) * | 1986-12-30 | 1988-12-16 | Aichi Steel Works Ltd | Engine valve for automobile and manufacture thereof |
DE59206839D1 (en) | 1991-07-04 | 1996-09-05 | New Sulzer Diesel Ag | Exhaust valve of a diesel engine and method of manufacturing the valve |
DK173136B1 (en) * | 1996-05-15 | 2000-02-07 | Man B & W Diesel As | Movable wall element in the form of an exhaust valve stem or piston in an internal combustion engine. |
DK173348B1 (en) | 1996-06-07 | 2000-08-07 | Man B & W Diesel As | Exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine |
DE19911618A1 (en) * | 1998-03-16 | 1999-09-23 | Maerkisches Werk Gmbh | Procedure for making gas exchange valves, seat rings or cylinder heads with increased abrasion resistance of seating face for IC engines |
JP3978004B2 (en) * | 2000-08-28 | 2007-09-19 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Corrosion-resistant and wear-resistant alloys and equipment using them |
DE102005013088B4 (en) | 2005-03-18 | 2006-12-28 | Man B & W Diesel Ag | Gas exchange valve with corrosion protection layer |
-
2008
- 2008-04-14 DE DE102008018875A patent/DE102008018875A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-04-08 EP EP09732571A patent/EP2276913B1/en active Active
- 2009-04-08 WO PCT/EP2009/002580 patent/WO2009127348A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-04-08 AT AT09732571T patent/ATE532945T1/en active
- 2009-04-08 DK DK09732571.6T patent/DK2276913T3/en active
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102021106647A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh | Armored poppet valve and method for its manufacture |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE532945T1 (en) | 2011-11-15 |
EP2276913A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
DK2276913T3 (en) | 2011-12-19 |
WO2009127348A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
DE102008018875A1 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
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