EP2276866B1 - Cadmium-free zinc-based alloy, its use as a sacrificial anode, a sacrificial anode, and a method for cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment - Google Patents
Cadmium-free zinc-based alloy, its use as a sacrificial anode, a sacrificial anode, and a method for cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2276866B1 EP2276866B1 EP09724942A EP09724942A EP2276866B1 EP 2276866 B1 EP2276866 B1 EP 2276866B1 EP 09724942 A EP09724942 A EP 09724942A EP 09724942 A EP09724942 A EP 09724942A EP 2276866 B1 EP2276866 B1 EP 2276866B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- maximum
- sacrificial anode
- cadmium
- zinc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 2
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C18/00—Alloys based on zinc
- C22C18/04—Alloys based on zinc with aluminium as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
- C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
- C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
- C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
- C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
- C23F13/12—Electrodes characterised by the material
- C23F13/14—Material for sacrificial anodes
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention relates to a new zinc-based alloy; the said alloy for use as the active part of a sacrificial anode; the use of the alloy as the active part of such an anode; a sacrificial anode, the active part of which is an alloy according to the invention; as well as a method for cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment.
- Know alloys, such as e.g. known from
WO 00/26426 - Based on this prior art it is the object of the present invention to provide new zinc-based cadmium-free alloys, which are suitable as sacrificial anode alloys and which can be cast in relatively small dimensions, such as a smallest dimensioning in the order of 5-10 mm or less. Surprisingly, experiments made by the inventors have revealed that an alloy comprising 0 4-0.6% by weight of aluminum, 0.02 - 0.03% by weight of indium, maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium, maximum 0.005% by weight of iron, maximum 0.005% by weight of copper, maximum 0.006% by weight of lead, maximum 0.0005% of tin, maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %, makes it possible to cast small sacrificial anodes with a smallest dimension in the order to 5-10 mm or less without the tendency of breaking or crack development in connection with post-machining of the castings. Furthermore, experiments by the inventors have shown that a possible change of the content of aluminum to a percentage above 0.6% by weight will induce problems when casting due to a higher viscosity of the molten metal. It will be possible to change this viscosity by raising the temperature, which would, however, increase the time necessary for casting and increase the risk of dimensional changes during solidification and cooling of the finished casting. Furthermore, such a higher temperature would increase the cost of heating up the molten metal.
- Correspondingly, a change of the percentage of aluminum to a value below 0.4% by weight would make the alloy brittle and make the casting difficult to perform and possible post-machining of the casting will be difficult due to tendency of breaking of the material which will become brittle.
- An alloy according to the invention, which is preferred on account of its particular advantages regarding casting of small anodes, consists substantially of 0.4 - 0.6% by weight of aluminum, 0.02 - 0.03% by weight of indium, maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium, maximum 0.005% by weight of iron, maximum 0.005% by weight of copper, maximum 0.006% by weight of lead, maximum 0.0005% of tin, maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %.
- A particularly preferred alloy according to the invention, which with a suitable margin avoids the problems mentioned above, when the aluminum content is less than 0.4% by weight or more than 0.6% by weight, consists substantially of 0.45 - 0.55% by weight of aluminum, 0.02 - 0.03% by weight of indium, maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium, maximum 0.005% by weight of iron, maximum 0.005% by weight of copper, maximum 0.006% by weight of lead maximum 0.0005% of tin, maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %.
- The high price of indium makes it advantageous to have a narrower indication of the amount of indium in the alloy and accordingly a more preferred alloy according to the invention consists substantially of 0.4 - 0.6% by weight of aluminum, 0.024 - 0.026% by weight of indium, maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium, maximum 0..005% by weight of iron, maximum 0.005% by weight of copper, maximum 0.006% by weight of lead, maximum 0.0005% of tin, maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %.
-
WO 00/26426 - This invention also relates to a zinc-based alloy as described above for use as the active part of a sacrificial anode, and the invention also relates to the use of an alloy of the present type as the active part of a sacrificial anode.
- Finally, the invention relates to a sacrificial anode, the active part of which is a zinc-based alloy of the present type, as well as a method for the cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment, in particular smaller components, and this method is characterized in that the constructions are protected by using a sacrificial anode according to the invention.
- The invention is further illustrated by means of the following test results obtained with alloys according to the invention, the test having been carried out according to the directions in the 'Det Norske Veritas' Offshore-standard RP B.401; the potentials have been measured vs. Ag/AgCl/seawater.
-
Al: 0.4 - 0.6% In: 0.02 - 0.03% Cd: Max. 0.001% Fe: Max. 0.005% Cu: Max. 0.005% Pb: Max. 0.006% Sn: Max. 0.0005% Other metals: Max. 0.10% -
Capacity: 780 Ah/kg Consumption rate: 1.,2 kg/A year Closed circuit potential: -1.03 V vs. Ag/AgCl/seawater - Using this alloy it has been possible to cast anodes of different sizes, including relatively small sizes, said anodes being resistant to breakage or crack development and relatively easy post machining of the castings without tendency to breakage or crack development.
-
Al 0.1-0.4% - Other components as in the above alloy in accordance with the invention.
- The performance data were substantially identical to the performance data for the alloy in accordance with the invention, despite the change of content of aluminum. However, with a content of aluminum of 0.4% and 0.1%, the casting becomes brittle and has a tendency to breakage or crack development, especially when post machining the castings. Furthermore, a tendency to crack development during solidification of the casting has been observed.
-
Al 0.6-1.0% - Other components as in accordance with the present invention.
- Again it can be seen that the performance data are substantially unchanged despite the change of content of aluminum.
- With this higher content of aluminum, between 0.6 and 1.0%, the alloy becomes thick and has a tendency not to fill the corners of the casting cavity. This may be changed by using a higher temperature of the casting metal, which however makes the casting more difficult due to higher temperature of the mould and results in longer time for cooling after casting. Additionally, a higher temperature will inevitably involve higher shrinkage, i.e. reduction of the size of the casting, during solidification, compared to the normally used temperature results. Furthermore, higher production costs can be envisaged when using a higher casting temperature.
- It will be seen that the tested alloys according to the invention substantially meet the requirements according to U.S. Mill-A-1800 K1 and for a substantial part show even more advantageous values, and furthermore the test results show that small electrodes having a smallest dimensioning in the order of 5-10 mm or less can be cast with said alloy.
Claims (7)
- A zinc-based alloy, characterized in that it consists of
0.4 - 0.6% by weight of aluminum,
0.02 - 0.03% by weight of indium,
maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium,
maximum 0.005% by weight of iron,
maximum 0.005% by weight of copper,
maximum 0.006% by weight of lead
maximum 0.0005% of tin,
maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %. - An alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of
0.45 - 0.55% by weight of aluminum
0.02 - 0.03% by weight of indium,
maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium,
maximum 0.005% by weight of iron,
maximum 0.005% by weight of copper,
maximum 0.006% by weight of lead
maximum 0.0005% of tin,
maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %. - An alloy according to claim 1, characterized in that it consists of
0.4 - 0.6% by weight of alminum,
0.024 - 0.026% by weight of indium,
maximum 0.001% by weight of cadmium,
maximum 0.005% by weight of iron,
maximum 0.005% by weight of copper,
maximum 0.006% by weight of lead
maximum 0.0005% of tin.
maximum 0.10% by weight of other metals, in particular nickel and thallium, and balance zinc having a purity of about 99.995 %. - A zinc-based alloy according to any of the claims 1-3 for use as the active part of a sacrificial anode.
- The use of an alloy according to any of the claims 1-3 as the active part of a sacrificial anode.
- A sacrificial anode, characterized in that its active part is a zinc-based alloy according to any of the claim 1-3.
- A method for the cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment, characterized in that the constructions are protected by using a sacrificial anode according to claim 6.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DKPA200800453 | 2008-03-28 | ||
US4201308P | 2008-04-03 | 2008-04-03 | |
PCT/IB2009/051239 WO2009118693A1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-25 | Cadmium-free zinc-based alloy, its use as a sacrificial anode, a sacrificial anode, and a method for cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2276866A1 EP2276866A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
EP2276866B1 true EP2276866B1 (en) | 2011-09-07 |
Family
ID=40940375
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09724942A Active EP2276866B1 (en) | 2008-03-28 | 2009-03-25 | Cadmium-free zinc-based alloy, its use as a sacrificial anode, a sacrificial anode, and a method for cathodic protection of corrosion-threatened constructions in aggressive environment |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20110089047A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2276866B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE523609T1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2373024T3 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009118693A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2989386A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-18 | A M P E R E Ind | Zinc-based alloy, useful for manufacturing a sacrificial anode used for the protection of boat hulls, comprises aluminum, gallium, and zinc |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101928944B (en) * | 2010-03-12 | 2012-04-18 | 邹积强 | Alloy sacrificial anode film preventing stress corrosion cracking and preparation method thereof |
CN103243238A (en) * | 2013-05-23 | 2013-08-14 | 南通鑫祥锌业有限公司 | Zinc composite material for alloy zinc belt |
US11634822B2 (en) * | 2017-09-15 | 2023-04-25 | Onesubsea Ip Uk Limited | Systems and methods for providing monitored and controlled cathodic protection potential |
EP3647465A1 (en) * | 2018-11-05 | 2020-05-06 | BAC Corrosion Control A/S | Zink-based sacrificial anode alloy, use of a zink-based alloy, and a sacrificial anode |
CN112853359A (en) * | 2021-01-05 | 2021-05-28 | 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 | Sacrificial anode material and preparation method and application thereof |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6152337A (en) * | 1984-08-20 | 1986-03-15 | Nippon Mining Co Ltd | Zinc alloy for hot dip galvanizing |
RU1788064C (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1993-01-15 | Государственный научно-исследовательский, проектный и конструкторский институт сплавов и обработки цветных металлов "Гипроцветметобработка" | Alloy on the basis of zinc for anodes, and a method of its working |
DK173514B1 (en) * | 1998-11-03 | 2001-01-22 | Bac Corrosion Control As | Zinc-based alloy, its use as a sacrificial anode, sacrificial anode and cathodic protection method |
ES2200827T3 (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2004-03-16 | Umicore | ZINC ALLOY POWDER ATOMIZED BY CENTRIFUGATION FOR ALKAL BATTERIES. |
-
2009
- 2009-03-25 ES ES09724942T patent/ES2373024T3/en active Active
- 2009-03-25 AT AT09724942T patent/ATE523609T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-25 EP EP09724942A patent/EP2276866B1/en active Active
- 2009-03-25 WO PCT/IB2009/051239 patent/WO2009118693A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-03-25 US US12/934,867 patent/US20110089047A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2989386A1 (en) * | 2012-04-12 | 2013-10-18 | A M P E R E Ind | Zinc-based alloy, useful for manufacturing a sacrificial anode used for the protection of boat hulls, comprises aluminum, gallium, and zinc |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009118693A1 (en) | 2009-10-01 |
ATE523609T1 (en) | 2011-09-15 |
ES2373024T3 (en) | 2012-01-30 |
US20110089047A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
EP2276866A1 (en) | 2011-01-26 |
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