EP2275642A1 - System zur Erkennung und Überwachung einer tiefen Bodenabsenkung - Google Patents

System zur Erkennung und Überwachung einer tiefen Bodenabsenkung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2275642A1
EP2275642A1 EP09425290A EP09425290A EP2275642A1 EP 2275642 A1 EP2275642 A1 EP 2275642A1 EP 09425290 A EP09425290 A EP 09425290A EP 09425290 A EP09425290 A EP 09425290A EP 2275642 A1 EP2275642 A1 EP 2275642A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deep
rod
settlements
sleeve
thermal
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Withdrawn
Application number
EP09425290A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Franco Robotti
Massimo Crema
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AGISCO Srl
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AGISCO Srl
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Publication date
Application filed by AGISCO Srl filed Critical AGISCO Srl
Priority to EP09425290A priority Critical patent/EP2275642A1/de
Publication of EP2275642A1 publication Critical patent/EP2275642A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
    • E21B49/006—Measuring wall stresses in the borehole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
    • E21B17/073—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers with axial rotation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B47/00—Survey of boreholes or wells
    • E21B47/04—Measuring depth or liquid level

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a system for detection of vertical displacements of deep underground soil caused by the so called subsidence phenomenon.
  • Said system can monitor the progress of this phenomenon in time, and transmit the detected data, in real time, to a specific electronic data control unit.
  • Subsidence is a phenomenon eventually caused by natural events, like earthquakes and landslides, or by human activities, like emptying of mineral or hydrocarbon deposits, and/or drainage of deep water table.
  • the detection system consists of a set of boreholes, to a variable depth up to 2.000 meters, where vertical measuring devices are installed.
  • Each vertical measuring device is made of a deep anchorage point, installed at the bottom end or at an intermediate point along the borehole and fixed to the surrounding soil.
  • Said anchorage point is fixed to a steel rod rising along the borehole up to the surface.
  • This rod is inserted in a steel protection sleeve casing, through to the entire borehole, to keep it free from soil friction.
  • a special control unit is placed on the surface to measure the displacement between said inner rod, connected to the deep anchorage point, and the surface of the surrounding soil.
  • the detected quantity represents an accurate measurement of the deep subsidence phenomenon.
  • Other measurements, taken in other similar boreholes, placed at a certain horizontal distance allow the reconstruction of an accurate final profile of the sol settlement occurred in deep layers with a margin of accuracy up to few tenths of millimeter.
  • Patent US 4.382.335 (Frank ) reveals the standard solution for subsidence measurements where one or more probes are lowered down to a specific well and attached to specific points fixed to the surrounding soil. Each probe is connected, by a special chain, to a surface attachment. A possible soil displacement occurring in the underground would cause a downwards movement of the probe, and, consequently, of the surface attachment which, connected to a potentiometer, detects the size of the displacement.
  • Patent US 4.291.581 describes a solution similar to the previous one, where one or more probes are fixed at different depth along a specific well; said probes are connected to the ground surface by a cable constantly kept on tension by a specific counterbalancing weight. A displacement occurring in the deep part of the rods, is immediately detected and measured by proper devices installed on the surface.
  • Patent US 5.005.422 discloses a solution where a set of radioactive markers are fixed inside a well, at different levels of depth. From time to time, a mobile probe, containing a nuclear detection assembly, is lowered in the well. When the probe detects the radiation peak a measurement is taken of the cable length connecting the probe to the land's surface. A depth variation of the markers, detected in the course of time, would correspond to the soil settlements.
  • Patent JP 6.137.905 (Oi Yukio and others) describes a completely different concept consisting in some pressure transducers to be embedded at different depths in the underground and measure the weight of the upper water column contained in the well. Assuming that the water surface is kept at a constant level, a deep displacement would result in a difference of the water volume.
  • Patent JP 2001.295.261 (Hayashi and others) describes a special device made of two coaxial cylinders, sliding one opposite to the other.
  • the base of the inner cylinder is fixed to the soil deep end, while the top of the outer cylinder is fixed to the ground surface. Should a subsidence event occur it would cause the inner cylinder slide in the outer one.
  • a measurement of the level difference between the two cylinders allows detection and quantification of the soil displacement. This solution seems to be more suitable for soil settlements at small depths (i.e. building foundations) rather than investigations of deep wells of geological interest.
  • This invention which main goal is the detection of deep soil settlements, causing subsidence phenomena.
  • This system would consist of some specific means to be lowered in boreholes, having a radial mechanical structure able to translate [shift the position without rotating] along the vertical direction, in order to follow the surrounding deformations of soil due to subsidence phenomenon and/or cross movements.
  • Another objective consists in the use of an inner rod, anchored to the bottom end of the borehole, equipped with mechanisms such to minimize the rod's friction during the translation inside the radial mechanical structure.
  • a further objective consists in the thermal compensation so to avoid deformation effects of materials due to temperature variations mainly occurring on the upper part of the borehole.
  • Another objective consists in the development of special spacers to keep the rod tense, balanced and in a perfect vertical position free to slide along the sleeve protection casing.
  • this invention's specific goal is a system for the detection and monitoring of deep soil settlements, formed by:
  • this invention is characterized by a certain number of further advantages such as: very high accuracy of measurements (detected vertical displacements up to 0.1 mm); length of the vertical measuring device up to 2 kilometers; integral resilience of structures; use of standard components, leading to a cost effective final product, reliable, long lasting and high quality device.
  • system 30, core of the present invention is schematically represented in figure 1 .
  • This system 30 is essentially composed of a part installed above ground surface and a part installed underground, more precisely down in a well which depth can reach up to 2.000 meters.
  • the part above ground comprises a special measuring device 1 for displacements, and a special device 2, consisting of an accuracy balancer to hold a set of rods.
  • the part underground, inserted in the deep well 3 is composed of a number of rods 4b and coaxial casings 4, down to the deep bottom end 5 of the well.
  • Some telescopic couplings 6 are installed at a spaced distance, to connect the rods 4b to the sleeve outer casing 4, so to center their position along the casing and let them slide frictionless.
  • a special anchorage device 7 is firmly grouted to the well bottom with concrete.
  • the anchorage holds and fixes together the rod-casing string system, thus becoming the down-the-well absolute reference point 8, called benchmark: any differential surface measurement between the rod and the casing will refer to the same benchmark.
  • the rod string 4b connects the anchorage point 8 to the surface: this connection is neither affected by thermal variations by means of special thermal compensation sleeves 9, nor by mechanical factors by means of the above said telescopic sleeves 6.
  • the rod 4b is free to slide along the protection sleeve casing and couplings 6, so to "transmit" the exact position of the deep benchmark 8 up to the surface.
  • the crop-ends of the protection casing are mechanically connected by means of the telescopic couplings 6 so to adapt the length of the casing to the well length variation in accordance with occurring soil settlements or bulges. This fact permits a quick adjustment of the measuring rod system, error free, both in the long and short term, independently from the soil movements, whatever direction movements occur.
  • the sleeve casing is filled with a neutral lubricating liquid 10, such as silicone oil, petroleum jelly, or other similar materials.
  • a neutral lubricating liquid such as silicone oil, petroleum jelly, or other similar materials.
  • the telescopic joints 6 make the same casing watertight, so that no liquid is lost in the soil.
  • the lubricating liquid is further suitable to compensate the hydrostatic pressure pressing the casing and elastic joints from the outside. In such a way, the differential pressure on the gaskets of the elastic sleeves is almost totally annulled, thus making the rod sliding smoother and preventing structural deformations of the components subjected to hydrostatic pressure.
  • Figure 2 shows the accuracy counterbalancing device 2, composed of a weights scale 11, holding a number of said rods 12 and keeping them in a static equilibrium.
  • the rods end, in their upper part, with an eyebolt 13, to which a chain 14 is hooked so to connect the rod string to the saddle of the counterbalancing device in a flexible and tangent way.
  • This solution guarantees a stable transmission of the counterbalancing weight, exactly along the direction of the rod's axis, along the entire travel of the device.
  • the weight to hold is exactly equal to the total weight of rods and compensation sleeves. This weight can be increased in case of excessive sliding friction.
  • the compensation of rods proper net weight by using an accurate counterbalancing device 2 guarantees a high stability and sensitivity of the instrument in respect to very small displacements, i.e.
  • a measuring device 16 is installed to detect the distance between two points: one placed on the rod 17, and the other placed on the plate at the end of the casing string 18 grouted on to the surface. This distance depends on the vertical soil displacements, meant as overall distance variation of the soil layer between the deep benchmark and the ground surface.
  • the measurement of this distance is provided by two instruments: a mechanical and an electronic one.
  • the mechanical instrument consists of a dial gauge, with a visible 0.01 mm graduated dial for direct reading.
  • the electronic instrument consists of a displacement transducer and a standard digital static memory recorder, also called datalogger. Said datalogger is also connected to a number of temperature sensors 19, for thermal compensation of the upper part of the rod-casing string which is most affected by soil temperature variations.
  • Figure 3 represents a cross view of an elastic sleeve.
  • This component provides the mechanical connection between rods 4b and casing 4, allowing the relative translation, such as the linear extension or compression of rods along their respective axis, and free sliding of rods along the casing.
  • the measurement rods 4b are connected each other using a steel nipple 20 having, preferably, a diameter of 1.27 cm (i.e. 0.5 inches).
  • Rods, in the lower part of the string where temperature is assumed to be constant, are made of steel, instead in the upper part of the string, let's say some 20 meters below the ground surface, are made of invar®, that is less affected by thermal variations.
  • the outer sleeve protecting casings 4 have, preferably, a diameter of 5.08 cm (i.e. 2 inches) and are usually made of steel.
  • the casing crop ends have usually a length ranging between 3 and 9 meters, and can be adjusted to the geological features of the site.
  • FIG. 3 also shows the special device allowing adjustment of the casing length, consisting of a coupling 21 screwed and fixed to the casing upper part, whereas is free to slide along the lower part.
  • the coupling translation 21 along the lower part of the casing is limited by a mechanical stop ring, the so called limit stop 22, that can hold the weight of the entire rod string during its installation.
  • the coupling 21 houses a centering and spacing collar to ease rod 23 sliding, and is composed of a ball bushing 25. This device is extremely important in order to avoid interference of casing movements 4, due to soil displacements and thermal variations, with the free sliding of rods 4b which elongation is exclusively due to thermal adjustments.
  • the outer part of coupling 21 is coated with a rubber sheath 26, fixed and constrained against the casing by two additional elastic collars 23.
  • This rubber sheath 26 protects the sliding parts from soil, during installation, and from calcareous deposits in the long term.
  • Each telescopic joint is filled with lubricating oil, water tightness being obtained by two sliding O-rings 24, placed at the lower sliding part of the coupling 21.
  • a special connecting nipple has been designed, as shown in figure 4 , in order to compensate rod 4b length variations as a consequence of temperature variation.
  • the two rods are mechanically jointed by a special invar® coupling 27, coupled to an aluminum shell 28.
  • This pair of elements made of different materials, generates a movement as a function of temperature, and this movement is equal in magnitude and opposite to the movement generated by the invar® rod 26.
  • the elongation of the aluminum component 28 is function of the thermal expansion coefficient of the invar component, whereas the elongation of the invar component 26 is function of the thermal expansion coefficient of the aluminum component 28.
  • the present invention achieves all the proposed objectives.
  • it discloses a special system for the detection of deep land subsidence, said system comprising some specific means, installed in their respective wells in soil, having a radial mechanical structure able to translate along the vertical direction, in order to follow the surrounding deformations of soil due to subsidence phenomenon and/or transversal motion.
  • said means comprise an inner rod, attached to a deep anchorage point, having some mechanisms to minimize the rod's friction during the translation inside the radial mechanical structure.
  • the same specific system comprises a special device to compensate thermal deformation effects on materials, mainly on the first part of the down-the-hole rod string, which is most affected by the ground difference between the lowest and the highest temperature in a 24 hours period.
  • said system comprises another special device to keep said rods on a linear and balanced tension, in a perfect vertical position, so to smooth their sliding along said radial mechanical structure (casing).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geophysics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
EP09425290A 2009-07-17 2009-07-17 System zur Erkennung und Überwachung einer tiefen Bodenabsenkung Withdrawn EP2275642A1 (de)

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Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102346027A (zh) * 2011-09-23 2012-02-08 西南交通大学 一种高速铁路crts-ⅱ型板式无砟轨道桥台水平位移测试方法
EP2479529A1 (de) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 Agisco S.r.l. Verformungsmesser mit Ausgleich thermischer Schwankungen
CN105258967A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2016-01-20 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 用于井下放矿试验的标定装置
CN106871866A (zh) * 2017-03-24 2017-06-20 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种开挖面底部沉降变形监测装置及其使用方法
ITUA20161298A1 (it) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Agisco Srl Estensimetro a base lunga per alte profondita'
CN108168656A (zh) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-15 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 降水井的水位监测装置及其测量方法
CN108413928A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2018-08-17 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 一种土体分层沉降量监测系统
CN109295951A (zh) * 2018-10-15 2019-02-01 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 分段架线式边坡地表变形自动监测系统
CN109518739A (zh) * 2019-01-22 2019-03-26 东华理工大学 一种沉渣厚度检测仪
CN109916367A (zh) * 2019-04-01 2019-06-21 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 一种浮筏变形测量装置及测量方法
CN110056330A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2019-07-26 中国电建集团河南工程有限公司 地热井井下管道加药系统及除垢方法
CN110172959A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2019-08-27 机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司 一种原位土体分层沉降监测装置及方法
CN110607810A (zh) * 2019-09-30 2019-12-24 上海市地质调查研究院 一种采用复合型锚杆的一孔多标分层沉降监测系统
CN110835933A (zh) * 2019-12-02 2020-02-25 广州市建筑科学研究院有限公司 一种灌注桩基础水平位移和轴力的自动监测装置
CN111023953A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2020-04-17 大连理工大学 一种不同深度海床原位变形测试装置及系统
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CN113176307A (zh) * 2021-04-27 2021-07-27 嘉兴致芯科技有限公司 一种基于频率介电反射fdr测量的多层土壤含水率计
CN113295070A (zh) * 2021-05-15 2021-08-24 蚌埠学院 一种钻孔灌注桩沉渣厚度检测装置及方法
CN114016489A (zh) * 2021-11-24 2022-02-08 华侨大学 沉降监测用的基准点固定装置
CN114543880A (zh) * 2022-02-21 2022-05-27 江苏省盐城环境监测中心 一种生态环境及环境污染的监测设备
CN114837157A (zh) * 2022-04-29 2022-08-02 安徽省路桥工程集团有限责任公司 一种可监测分层沉降的试验仪器
CN114973600A (zh) * 2022-04-26 2022-08-30 山东省地质矿产勘查开发局第七地质大队（山东省第七地质矿产勘查院） 一种地质灾害检测预警系统
CN115030239A (zh) * 2022-06-30 2022-09-09 吉林大学 深基坑开挖周围土体变形监测设备
CN115467314A (zh) * 2022-10-18 2022-12-13 中铁济南工程建设监理有限公司 一种邻近既有铁路深基坑施工监测装置及方法
CN117552483A (zh) * 2024-01-10 2024-02-13 山西金宝岛基础工程有限公司 一种强夯处理地基加固影响范围的测试方法
CN117739889A (zh) * 2024-02-21 2024-03-22 菏泽市自然资源和规划局 一种适用于地裂缝、滑坡地质灾害位移监测仪
CN117868225A (zh) * 2024-03-11 2024-04-12 中煤长江勘测江苏有限公司 一种深大基坑监测装置及监测方法

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EP2479529A1 (de) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 Agisco S.r.l. Verformungsmesser mit Ausgleich thermischer Schwankungen
CN102346027A (zh) * 2011-09-23 2012-02-08 西南交通大学 一种高速铁路crts-ⅱ型板式无砟轨道桥台水平位移测试方法
CN108413928A (zh) * 2015-08-21 2018-08-17 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 一种土体分层沉降量监测系统
CN108413928B (zh) * 2015-08-21 2020-07-28 中交天津港湾工程研究院有限公司 一种土体分层沉降量监测系统
CN105258967A (zh) * 2015-11-05 2016-01-20 攀钢集团矿业有限公司 用于井下放矿试验的标定装置
ITUA20161298A1 (it) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Agisco Srl Estensimetro a base lunga per alte profondita'
CN106871866B (zh) * 2017-03-24 2023-06-13 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种开挖面底部沉降变形监测装置及其使用方法
CN106871866A (zh) * 2017-03-24 2017-06-20 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种开挖面底部沉降变形监测装置及其使用方法
CN108168656A (zh) * 2017-11-29 2018-06-15 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 降水井的水位监测装置及其测量方法
CN109295951A (zh) * 2018-10-15 2019-02-01 煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司 分段架线式边坡地表变形自动监测系统
CN109518739A (zh) * 2019-01-22 2019-03-26 东华理工大学 一种沉渣厚度检测仪
CN109518739B (zh) * 2019-01-22 2024-02-02 东华理工大学 一种沉渣厚度检测仪
CN110056330A (zh) * 2019-03-13 2019-07-26 中国电建集团河南工程有限公司 地热井井下管道加药系统及除垢方法
CN109916367A (zh) * 2019-04-01 2019-06-21 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 一种浮筏变形测量装置及测量方法
CN109916367B (zh) * 2019-04-01 2024-02-20 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 一种浮筏变形测量装置及测量方法
CN110172959A (zh) * 2019-06-25 2019-08-27 机械工业勘察设计研究院有限公司 一种原位土体分层沉降监测装置及方法
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