Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
  • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
  • B63H23/00—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements
  • B63H23/22—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing
  • B63H23/24—Transmitting power from propulsion power plant to propulsive elements with non-mechanical gearing electric
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J4/00—Circuit arrangements for mains or distribution networks not specified as ac or dc
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
  • H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
  • H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
  • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
  • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
  • H02J2310/42—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for ships or vessels

Definitions

• the invention is directed to a circuit for feeding a prime mover with several, preferably two winding systems, in particular three-phase winding systems, each winding system is assigned a separate inverter, preferably a pulse width modulated three-phase inverter with voltage intermediate circuit and an upstream diode rectifier.
• each winding system is assigned a separate inverter, preferably a pulse width modulated three-phase inverter with voltage intermediate circuit and an upstream diode rectifier.
• the two inverters coupled to the same motor are usually connected to the same vehicle electrical system, so that a drive motor completely fails if the relevant vehicle electrical system is no longer available. Even if the two windings of both drive motors would be coupled, for example, with different on-board networks, the drive power would have to be throttled to about half of the original value in case of failure of a vehicle electrical system - due to the limited power of the inverter coupled to the other network.
• the problem initiating the invention results in finding a way in which the reliability or availability of drive systems can be further increased.
• At least one inverter feeding the winding of a drive motor can be connected on the input side to various, non-synchronized voltage networks.
• the invention is based on an arrangement with at least one drive, which receives its power via converters, in particular via at least one (three-phase) medium-voltage network coupled inverter with voltage intermediate circuit and (diode) rectifier at the input and preferably pulse-width modulated output ,
• a first measure to increase availability is the use of at least one drive motor with two (three-phase) winding systems, each with a feeding converter.
• the invention uses at least two independent voltage networks. In contrast to the prior art, however, not all inverters are assigned to the input side in each case exactly one voltage network, but at least one converter is designed to be switchable from one voltage network to another.
• At least one converter and / or at least one voltage network is designed to be multi-phase, in particular three-phase.
• Three-phase drive motors have the advantage of almost harmonic-free torque, so that the driven device is less stressed.
• At least one converter can be connected on the input side via at least one switching device with different, non-synchronized voltage networks.
• Such a switching device has the advantage that the respective closed connection forwards the power almost lossless.
• the switching device should be designed such that a simultaneous connection of the connected converter with both voltage networks is not possible in order to avoid a short circuit between the non-synchronized voltage networks and thus their breakdown.
• Switching device has a lock, which allows a connection only when all other switching contacts are open. This is a purely protective measure for the participating power grids.
• the locking of the switching device can be done by mechanical means.
• the switching device is designed as a changeover switch whose switching tongue (s) is / is connected to the inverter, while the contacts to be connected thereto are connected to the various voltage networks.
• the number of switching tongues depends on the number of phases of the networks involved or the inverter; in three-phase networks, it is therefore three switching tongues, in AC networks only by two. Since the (immovable) switching contacts of a switch never come into direct contact with each other, a short-circuit could at most be made via the switching tongue (s). However, this can be avoided by appropriate countermeasures.
• One of these countermeasures is that the switch has a central zero position in which its switching tongue (s) is / are not connected to any switching contact.
• switch tongue (s) are moved sufficiently slowly beyond this middle zero position - which is normally fulfilled with a manual actuation - then there is a sufficiently long period of time during which the switch tongues are virtually potential-free, if one continues from the connected, but preferably looks away from ungrounded winding. During this period, the supply current may collapse and possibly extinguish an electric arc. Of course, the distance between the switching contacts must be sufficiently large so that a voltage flashover between them can not take place.
• the changeover switch should be designed in such a way that switching over is possible only via the central zero position, where the current is always torn off.
• the switching device can also be realized with at least one contactor.
• the switching tongue (s) is connected to the inverter / while the contacts to be connected are connected to the various voltage networks. This essentially corresponds to the arrangement of a (manually operated) switch.
• the locking within the circuit arrangement used can also be done by electrical means.
• Such contactors are preferably used which switch on when the control voltage is applied (for example 5 volts), but switch off the control voltage when the control voltage is removed, so that if there is a defect in the voltage supply of the control voltage, all contactors are disconnected and thus a short circuit is ruled out.
• a first of these may be to provide each contactor involved with an additional switching contact and an additional switching tab which is used only for feedback purposes.
• This tongue can be designed like the others, so close even when they close, or it is designed anticyclically, so only closes when the rest open.
• a voltage applied to the stationary switching contact voltage for example the supply voltage of a control device, could be switched through to the switching tab contact if the other switching tabs carrying the medium voltage were opened. In this way, the control and / or locking device can be informed when the converter is galvanically separated from the relevant voltage network.
• a locking of the other control outputs of the control and / or locking device with such a feedback input could be brought about, ie, by means of an AND gate, a connection of the requested by the control switch-on signal with the / the (other) feedback inputs made and if these did not signal separate contactors, the desired contactor could not be activated. If there are more than two voltage networks with which one inverter can be coupled, and therefore more than two contactors, always more than one acknowledgment signal must be observed, even by all other contactors. These feedback signals should then be ORed together, and the output of this OR gate should be connected to the latching input of the above-mentioned AND gate.
• the invention further provides that the control and / or locking device is designed such that a contactor is switched on only when both contactors were switched off for a certain time interval.
• This safety time interval should give the shooters last shut down sufficient time to extinguish a possibly resulting arc.
• a suitable approximation value for such a time interval may, for example, be a period of the network voltage involved. Within this period, at least the voltage of the last tapped power network will go through at least one zero crossing, and the current should then rapidly degrade unless strong inductors try to extend the current flow. At the latest after a time interval of approximately twice the period of time, a current flow is no longer to be expected.
• control and / or locking device can be equipped with a timer, which is started as soon as all connected contactors receive the control signal for "switching off", and / or as soon as all (remaining) contactors are in the blocking state and / or after other voltage and / or current sensors have reported that the relevant inverter no longer receives any voltage and / or current on the input side.
• the invention can be further developed in that at least one control output of the control and / or locking device is locked to the internal timer, ie, it can change its signal from "turn off” to "turn on” only if the internal timer indicates that after the last given and / or executed switch-off a predetermined time interval has expired.
• At least one current and / or voltage signal may be supplied to a comparator, where the current signal is compared to a threshold to determine if the inverter input is de-energized.
• the output signal of this comparator gives as a digital signal information as to whether the input of the inverter is de-energized and may now be connected to a (different) voltage network.
• At least one control output of the control and / or interlocking means is interlocked with the internal comparator, ie, it can change its signal from “off” to "on” only if the internal comparator indicates the current at the input of the inverter is zero or at least approximately zero.
• the above-mentioned timer could also be started only when the output signal of the comparator indicates the lack of power.
• FIG 1 shows an inventive arrangement with two motors, which are fed from two different voltage networks.
• Fig. 2 shows the arrangement of Fig. 1, wherein as a result of a change-over both motors are fed from the same voltage network.
• Fig. 1 is intended to represent a schematic representation of the main components of the electrical system 1 of a ship. It can be seen a total of three of a diesel engine, not shown, driven three-phase generators Gl, G2, G3. Of course, other energy sources could be used instead, for example gas turbines.
• Generator G1 operates on a first three-phase busbar 2 and thus forms a first three-phase voltage network 3.
• the two other generators G2 and G3 work together on another, also three-phase busbar 4 and thus form a second three-phase voltage network 5.
• the two busbars 2, 4 could be coupled to each other in phases via the switches 6, if the generator G1 runs synchronously with the generators G2 and G3.
• the synchronicity of the two generators G2 and G3 could be produced, for example, by coupling their rotors with one another, for example with a stiff shaft, so that they are od at the same rotational speed and phase angle of a diesel engine. are driven.
• each of the two drive motors 7, 8 is constructed identically in the present example and each has two separate three-phase winding systems 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b. Each of these four, in each case three-phase, three-phase winding systems 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b is fed by its own converter IIa, IIb, 12a, 12b.
• Each inverter IIa, IIb, 12a, 12b is preferably again constructed identically, namely with a DC intermediate circuit 13 with smoothing capacitors 14 and a preferably pulse width modulated, three-phase output stage 15, to which via three-phase cable 16 per a winding system 9a, 9b, 10a, 10b is connected.
• the DC intermediate circuits 13 of the inverter IIa, IIb, 12a, 12b fed by at least one each three-phase diode rectifier 18. So that the drive motors 7, 8 and the feeding inverter IIa, IIb, 12a, 12b remain potential-free, are upstream of the inputs of the rectifier 18 (isolating) transformers 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b.
• the primary windings 21a, 21b, 22a, 22b of these transformers 19a, 19b, 20a, 20b can be fed from the busbars 2, 4 or from the voltage networks 3, 5.
• the primary winding 21a of the transformer 19a for the winding system 9a of the first drive motor 7 is uniquely associated with the first voltage network 3; it can be switched by means of the three-phase switch or contactor 23 only to the voltage network 3 or separated from it; a connection to the other voltage network 5 is not provided.
• the primary winding 22b of the transformer 20b for the winding system 10b of the second drive motor 8 is uniquely associated with the second power grid 5; it can by means of the three-phase switch or contactor 24 only connected to the power supply 5 or separated from it; a connection to the other voltage network 3 is not provided.
• Each switching device 25, 26 has two respective three-phase inputs 27a, 27b and 28a, 28b.
• Each of the switching devices has a three-phase input 27a, 28a connected to the voltage network 3 or connectable via further switches and / or contactors 29a, 30a, while the other, three-phase input 27b, 28b is connected to the voltage network 5 or over Further switches and / or contactors 29b, 30b can be connected.
• Each switching device 25, 26 each has two contactors 31a, 31b; 32a, 32b. These contactors 31a, 31b, 32a, 32b are each designed as three-phase ON / OFF switches, each with a switching magnet 33 whose armature keeps the contacts closed in the power circuit as long as a control current flows.
• the switching device 25 Depending on a three-phase or three-pole switching contact of the two contactors 31a, 31b of the switching device 25 is connected together and in-phase with the three-phase primary winding 21b of the transformer 19b and beyond with the rectifier 18 of the inverter IIb for the winding system 9b of the drive motor 7.
• the respectively other, also three-phase or three-pole switching contact serves as a three-phase input 27a, 27b and is therefore connected via one respective switch 29a, 30a to one of the two voltage networks 3, 5.
• the mutual locking can take place via the control commands themselves, by being AND-linked to each other, wherein in each case one signal, namely the control signal for the other contactor, the AND gate is supplied inverted.
• a timer may be present, for example at the output of such an AND gate, so that a control signal can only switch from the switch-off command to the switch-on command after a certain dead time.
• the control and locking device can be automated, so that with a single command, for example. "Switching the inverter IIb of voltage network 3 to voltage network 5" a corresponding switching sequence is triggered, which takes a certain period of time and first for the separation of the contactor 31a and only after a certain waiting time - for example 20 to 50 ms - gives the contactor 31b a switch-on command.
• an automatic control device which monitors the voltage networks 3, 5 and or the diesel generators Gl, G2, G3 - first all the switching connections 23, 29a, 30a, 31a to the voltage network 3 is opened.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
• Emergency Management (AREA)
• Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
• Inverter Devices (AREA)
• Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
• Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-05-05 DE DE102008022077A patent/DE102008022077A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2009
  • 2009-04-02 CN CN200980116199.1A patent/CN102017352B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2009-04-02 EP EP09741954A patent/EP2272147A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2009-04-02 WO PCT/EP2009/053957 patent/WO2009135736A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2009-04-02 KR KR1020107027278A patent/KR101592054B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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