EP2271735A2 - Verbesserte wässrige isolierflüssigkeiten und zugehörige verfahren - Google Patents
Verbesserte wässrige isolierflüssigkeiten und zugehörige verfahrenInfo
- Publication number
- EP2271735A2 EP2271735A2 EP09721009A EP09721009A EP2271735A2 EP 2271735 A2 EP2271735 A2 EP 2271735A2 EP 09721009 A EP09721009 A EP 09721009A EP 09721009 A EP09721009 A EP 09721009A EP 2271735 A2 EP2271735 A2 EP 2271735A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fluid
- aqueous
- glycol
- layered silicate
- based insulating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 213
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 butyne diol Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920005862 polyol Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 21
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium bromide Chemical compound [Na+].[Br-] JHJLBTNAGRQEKS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCOCCO ZIBGPFATKBEMQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-hydroxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(O)COC(C)COC(C)CO LCZVSXRMYJUNFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trichloroethylene Chemical compound ClC=C(Cl)Cl XSTXAVWGXDQKEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCC(O)O CDQSJQSWAWPGKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;aluminum;dioxido(oxo)silane;sodium;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na].[Al].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O VNSBYDPZHCQWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl acetylene Natural products CCC#C KDKYADYSIPSCCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000271 hectorite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hectorite Chemical compound [Li+].[OH-].[OH-].[Na+].[Mg+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]([O-])(O1)O[Si]1([O-])O2 KWLMIXQRALPRBC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N neopentyl glycol Chemical compound OCC(C)(C)CO SLCVBVWXLSEKPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentane-1,1-diol Chemical compound CCCCC(O)O UWJJYHHHVWZFEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000275 saponite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910021647 smectite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004280 Sodium formate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910007935 ZrBr2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ATZQZZAXOPPAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium formate Chemical compound [Cs+].[O-]C=O ATZQZZAXOPPAAQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001622 calcium bromide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dibromide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[Br-].[Br-] WGEFECGEFUFIQW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium formate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C=O WFIZEGIEIOHZCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium formate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C=O HLBBKKJFGFRGMU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019254 sodium formate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003139 biocide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003002 pH adjusting agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006254 rheological additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 claims 6
- ORTVZLZNOYNASJ-UPHRSURJSA-N (z)-but-2-ene-1,4-diol Chemical compound OC\C=C/CO ORTVZLZNOYNASJ-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipropylene glycol Chemical compound OCCCOCCCO SZXQTJUDPRGNJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000003115 biocidal effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000700 radioactive tracer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 12
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229920001519 homopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCOC(C)=O XEKOWRVHYACXOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001994 activation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 3
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001059 synthetic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9H-xanthene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CC3=CC=CC=C3OC2=C1 GJCOSYZMQJWQCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical class CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-dimethylaminoethanol Chemical compound CN(C)CCO UEEJHVSXFDXPFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002310 Welan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000005396 acrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229960004050 aminobenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920001222 biopolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003349 gelling agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N glyoxal Chemical compound O=CC=O LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexamethylenetetramine Chemical compound C1N(C2)CN3CN1CN2C3 VKYKSIONXSXAKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002706 hydrostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxyacetaldehyde Natural products OCC=O WGCNASOHLSPBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 2
- TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl formate Chemical compound COC=O TZIHFWKZFHZASV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ZQBAKBUEJOMQEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013772 propylene glycol Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000007725 thermal activation Methods 0.000 description 2
- AZJYLVAUMGUUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-A u1qj22mc8e Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[F-].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].[Mg+2].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3.O1[Si](O2)([O-])O[Si]3([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O[Si]2([O-])O3 AZJYLVAUMGUUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-A 0.000 description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XYOMMVNZIAGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N (prop-2-enoylamino)methyl propane-1-sulfonate Chemical compound CCCS(=O)(=O)OCNC(=O)C=C XYOMMVNZIAGSMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trioxane Chemical compound C1OCOCO1 BGJSXRVXTHVRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound COCCOCCO SBASXUCJHJRPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)CO CUDYYMUUJHLCGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QNIRRHUUOQAEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(prop-2-enoylamino)butane-2-sulfonic acid Chemical class CCC(C)(S(O)(=O)=O)NC(=O)C=C QNIRRHUUOQAEPB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-(2-methoxypropoxy)propoxy]propan-1-ol Chemical compound COC(C)COC(C)COC(C)CO WAEVWDZKMBQDEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butoxyethanol Chemical compound CCCCOCCO POAOYUHQDCAZBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002319 Poly(methyl acrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DUFKCOQISQKSAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Polypropylene glycol (m w 1,200-3,000) Chemical class CC(O)COC(C)CO DUFKCOQISQKSAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Salicilamide Chemical compound NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O SKZKKFZAGNVIMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002125 Sokalan® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid trimethyl ester Natural products COC(C)=O KXKVLQRXCPHEJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003975 aryl alkyl amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N butene Natural products CC=CC IAQRGUVFOMOMEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000001246 colloidal dispersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylamine Chemical compound CCNCC HPNMFZURTQLUMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940015043 glyoxal Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004312 hexamethylene tetramine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010299 hexamethylene tetramine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000887 hydrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004337 hydroquinone Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015784 hyperosmotic salinity response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000004292 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010270 methyl p-hydroxybenzoate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylparaben Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LXCFILQKKLGQFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960000969 phenyl salicylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001485 poly(butyl acrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001490 poly(butyl methacrylate) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 1
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010561 standard procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
- F16L59/14—Arrangements for the insulation of pipes or pipe systems
- F16L59/143—Pre-insulated pipes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M173/00—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water
- C10M173/02—Lubricating compositions containing more than 10% water not containing mineral or fatty oils
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
- E21B36/003—Insulating arrangements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/022—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups
- C10M2207/0225—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing at least two hydroxy groups used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
- C10M2207/0406—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1045—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/105—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only
- C10M2209/1055—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing three carbon atoms only used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/108—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified
- C10M2209/1085—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups etherified used as base material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to insulating fluids, and more particularly, to aqueous-based insulating fluids that have greater stability at high temperatures with lower thermal conductivity that may be used, for example, in applications requiring an insulating fluid such as pipeline and subterranean applications (e.g., to insulate petroleum production conduits).
- Insulating fluids are often used in subterranean operations wherein the fluid is placed into an annulus between a first tubing and a second tubing or the walls of a well bore.
- the insulating fluid acts to insulate a first fluid (e.g., a hydrocarbon fluid) that may be located within the first tubing from the environment surrounding the first tubing or the second tubing to enable optimum recovery of the hydrocarbon fluid. For instance, if the surrounding environment is very cold, the insulating fluid is thought to protect the first fluid in the first tubing from the environment so that it can efficiently flow through the production tubing, e.g., the first tubing, to other facilities.
- a first fluid e.g., a hydrocarbon fluid
- Such fluids also may be used for similar applications involving pipelines for similar purposes, e.g., to protect a fluid located within the pipeline from the surrounding environmental conditions so that the fluid can efficiently flow through the pipeline.
- Insulating fluids can be used in other insulating applications as well wherein it is desirable to control heat transfer. These applications may or may not involve hydrocarbons.
- Beneficial insulating fluids preferably have a low inherent thermal conductivity, and also should remain gelled to prevent, inter alia, convection currents that could carry heat away. Additionally, preferred insulating fluids should be aqueous-based, and easy to handle and use. Moreover, preferred fluids should tolerate ultra high temperatures (e.g., temperatures of 400 0 F or above) for long periods of time for optimum performance.
- aqueous-based insulating fluids have been subject to many drawbacks.
- a second common limitation of many conventional aqueous-based insulating fluids is their density range. Typically, these fluids have an upper density limit of 12.5 ppg. Oftentimes, higher densities are desirable to maintain adequate pressure for the chosen application.
- aqueous-based insulating fluids have excessive thermal conductivities, which means that these fluids are not as efficient or effective at controlling conductive heat transfer.
- a viscosified fluid is required to eliminate convective currents, oftentimes to obtain the required viscosity in current aqueous-based fluids, the fluids may become too thick to be able to pump into place.
- Some aqueous-based fluids also can have different salt tolerances that may not be compatible with various brines used, which limits the operators' options as to what fluids to use in certain circumstances.
- insulating fluids may be oil-based. Certain oil- based fluids may offer an advantage because they may have lower thermal conductivity as compared to their aqueous counterparts. However, many disadvantages are associated with these fluids as well. First, oil-based insulating fluids can be hard to "weight up,” meaning that it may be hard to obtain the necessary density required for an application. Secondly, oil- based fluids may present toxicity and other environmental issues that must be managed, especially when such fluids are used in sub-sea applications. Additionally, there can be interface issues if aqueous completion fluids are used. Another complication presented when using oil-based insulating fluids is the concern about their compatibility with any elastomeric seals that may be present along the first tubing line.
- Another method that may be employed to insulate a first tubing involves using vacuum insulated tubing.
- this method also can present disadvantages.
- vacuum insulated tubing can be very costly and hard to place.
- heat transfer at the junctions or connective joints in the vacuum tubings can be problematic. These may lead to "hot spots" in the tubings.
- the present invention relates to insulating fluids, and more particularly, to aqueous-based insulating fluids that have greater stability at high temperatures with lower thermal conductivity that may be used, for example, in applications requiring an insulating fluid such as pipeline and subterranean applications (e.g., to insulate petroleum production conduits).
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing an annulus between a first tubing and a second tubing; providing an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing a tubing containing a first fluid located within a well bore such that an annulus is formed between the tubing and a surface of the well bore; providing an aqueous- based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing a first tubing that comprises at least a portion of a pipeline that contains a first fluid; providing a second tubing that substantially surrounds the first tubing thus creating an annulus between the first tubing and the second tubing; providing an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides a method of forming an aqueous-based insulating fluid comprising: mixing an aqueous base fluid and a water-miscible organic liquid to form a mixture; adding at least one layered silicate to the mixture; allowing the silicate to hydrate; placing the mixture comprising the layered silicate in a chosen location; allowing the mixture comprising the layered silicate to activate to form a gel therein.
- a polymer may be added to the mixture and allowed to hydrate.
- a crosslinking agent may be added to the mixture comprising the polymer to crosslink the polymer.
- Figure 1 lists the materials used in the formulations and the amounts thereof as described in Example 1 in the Examples section.
- Figure 2 illustrates data from a fluid that was heated to about 190°F for 5000 minutes to activate the crosslinking agent and provide an increase in viscosity.
- Figure 3 lists the materials that may be used in the formulations and the approximate amounts thereof as described in Example 2 in the Examples section.
- Figure 4 illustrates data from a fluid that was heated from approximately 100°F to approximately 600°F for approximately 45,000 seconds at approximately 10,000 psi.
- the present invention relates to insulating fluids, and more particularly, to aqueous-based insulating fluids that have greater stability at high temperatures with lower thermal conductivity that may be used, for example, in applications requiring an insulating fluid such as pipeline and subterranean applications (e.g., to insulate petroleum production conduits).
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention may be used in any application requiring an insulating fluid. Preferably, they may be used in pipeline and subterranean applications.
- the improved aqueous-based insulating fluids and methods of the present invention present many potential advantages, only some of which are alluded to herein.
- One of these many advantages is that the fluids may have enhanced thermal stability, which enables them to be beneficially used in many applications.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention may have higher densities than conventional aqueous-based insulating fluids, and therefore, present a distinct advantage in that respect.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention have relatively low thermal conductivity, which is thought to be especially beneficial in certain applications. In some embodiments, these fluids are believed to be very durable.
- the fluids of the present invention offer aqueous- based viscous insulating fluids with a broad fluid density range, decreased thermal conductivity, and stable gel properties at temperatures exceeding those of current industry standards (e.g., even at temperatures of about 600°F or more, depending on the organic liquid included).
- Another potential advantage is that these fluids may prevent the formation of hydrates within the insulating fluids themselves or the fluids being insulated.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention comprise an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention comprise an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, a layered silicate, and optionally a synthetic polymer.
- the polymer may be crosslinked by using or adding to the fluid an appropriate crosslinking agent.
- the term "polymer” as used herein refers to oligomers, copolymers, terpolymers and the like, which may or may not be crosslinked.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention may comprise other additives such as corrosion inhibitors, pH modifiers, biocides, glass beads, hollow spheres (e.g., hollow microspheres), rheology modifiers, buffers, hydrate inhibitors, breakers, tracers, additional weighting agents, viscosifiers, surfactants, and combinations of any of these.
- Other additives may be appropriate as well and beneficially used in conjunction with the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention as may be recognized by one skilled in the art with the benefit of this disclosure.
- the aqueous base fluids that may be used in the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention include any aqueous fluid suitable for use in insulating, subterranean, or pipeline applications.
- brines may be used, for example, when a relatively denser aqueous-based insulating fluid is desired (e.g., density of 10.5 ppg or greater); however, it may be observed that the fluids of the present invention may be less tolerant to higher concentrations of salts than other fluids, such as those that include a polymer as described herein but not a layered silicate as described herein.
- Suitable brines include, but are not limited to: NaCl, NaBr, KCl, CaCl 2 , CaBr 2 , ZrBr 2 , sodium carbonate, sodium formate, potassium formate, cesium formate, and combinations and derivatives of these brines. Others may be appropriate as well.
- the specific brine used may be dictated by the desired density of the resulting aqueous-based insulating fluid or for compatibility with other completion fluid brines that may be present. Denser brines may be useful in some instances. A density that is suitable for the application at issue should be used as recognized by one skilled in the art with the benefit of this disclosure.
- a general guideline to follow is that the aqueous fluid component should comprise the balance of a high temperature aqueous-based insulating fluid after considering the amount of the other components present therein.
- the water-miscible organic liquids that may be included in the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention include water-miscible materials having relatively low thermal conductivity (e.g., about half as conductive as water or less).
- water-miscible it is meant that about 5 grams or more of the organic liquid will disperse in 100 grams of water.
- Suitable water-miscible organic liquids include, but are not limited to, esters, amines, alcohols, polyols, glycol ethers, or combinations and derivatives of these.
- suitable esters include low molecular weight esters; specific examples include, but are not limited to, methylformate, methyl acetate, and ethyl acetate.
- Combinations and derivatives are also suitable.
- suitable amines include low molecular weight amines; specific examples include, but are not limited to, diethyl amine, 2- aminoethanol, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethanol.
- suitable alcohols include methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and the like.
- glycol ethers include ethylene glycol butyl ether, diethylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol methyl ether, tripropylene glycol methyl ether, and the like. Combinations and derivatives are also suitable.
- polyols are generally preferred in most cases over the other liquids since they generally are thought to exhibit greater thermal and chemical stability, higher flash point values, and are more benign with respect to elastomeric materials.
- Suitable polyols are those aliphatic alcohols containing two or more hydroxy groups. It is preferred that the polyol be at least partially water-miscible.
- suitable polyols that may be used in the aqueous-based insulating fluids of this invention include, but are not limited to, water-soluble diols such as ethylene glycols, propylene glycols, polyethylene glycols, polypropylene glycols, diethylene glycols, triethylene glycols, dipropylene glycols and tripropylene glycols, combinations of these glycols, their derivatives, and reaction products formed by reacting ethylene and propylene oxide or polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols with active hydrogen base compounds (e.g., polyalcohols, polycarboxylic acids, polyamines, or polyphenols).
- active hydrogen base compounds e.g., polyalcohols, polycarboxylic acids, polyamines, or polyphenols.
- the polyglycols of ethylene generally are thought to be water-miscible at molecular weights at least as high as 20,000.
- the polyglycols of propylene although giving slightly better grinding efficiency than the ethylene glycols, are thought to be water-miscible up to molecular weights of only about 1,000.
- Other glycols possibly contemplated include neopentyl glycol, pentanediols, butanediols, and such unsaturated diols as butyne diols and butene diols.
- the triol, glycerol, and such derivatives as ethylene or propylene oxide adducts may be used.
- Other higher polyols may include pentaerythritol.
- Another class of polyhydroxy alcohols contemplated is the sugar alcohols.
- the sugar alcohols are obtained by reduction of carbohydrates and differ greatly from the above-mentioned polyols. Combinations and derivatives of these are suitable as well.
- polyol to be used is largely dependent on the desired density of the fluid. Other factors to consider include thermal conductivity. For higher density fluids (e.g., 10.5 ppg or higher), a higher density polyol may be preferred, for instance, triethylene glycol or glycerol may be desirable in some instances. For lower density applications, ethylene or propylene glycol may be used. In some instances, more salt may be necessary to adequately weight the fluid to the desired density. In certain embodiments, the amount of polyol that should be used may be governed by the thermal conductivity ceiling of the fluid and the desired density of the fluid.
- the concentration of the polyol may be from about 40% to about 99% of a high temperature aqueous-based insulating fluid of the present invention. A more preferred range could be from about 70% to about 99%.
- Examples of layered silicates that may be suitable for use in the present invention include, but are not limited to, smectite, vermiculite, swellable fluoromica, montmorillonite, beidellite, hectorite, and saponite.
- a high-temperature, electrolyte stable synthetic hectorite may be particularly useful in some embodiments.
- An example of a synthetic hectorite clay for use in accordance with this invention is "LAPONITETM RD" commercially available from Laporte Absorbents Company of Cheshire, United Kingdom. Mixtures of any of these of silicates may be suitable as well.
- the silicate may be at least partially water soluble.
- the layered silicate may be a natural layered silicate or a synthetic layered silicate.
- the silicate should comprise from about 0.1% to about 15% weight by volume of the fluid, and more preferably, from about 0.5% to about 4% weight by volume of the fluid.
- Copolymers and terpolymers may be suitable as well. Mixtures of any of these of polymers may be suitable as well.
- the polymer should be at least partially water soluble. Suitable polymers can be cationic, anionic, nonionic, or zwitterionic. In certain embodiments, the polymer should comprise from about 0.1% to about 15% weight by volume of the fluid, and more preferably, from about 0.5% to about 4%.
- the polymer included in the fluid may be crosslinked by an appropriate crosslinking agent. In those embodiments of the present invention wherein it is desirable to crosslink the polymer, optionally and preferably, one or more crosslinking agents may be added to the fluid to crosslink the polymer.
- Suitable crosslinking agent is a combination of a phenolic component (or a phenolic precursor) and formaldehyde (or formaldehyde precursor).
- Suitable phenolic components or phenolic precursors include, but are not limited to, phenols, hydroquinone, salicylic acid, salicylamide, aspirin, methyl-p-hydroxybenzoate, phenyl acetate, phenyl salicylate, ⁇ -aminobenzoic acid, /?-aminobenzoic acid, /w-aminophenol, furfuryl alcohol, and benzoic acid.
- Suitable formaldehyde precursors may include, but are not limited to, hexamethylenetetramine, glyoxal, and 1,3,5-trioxane.
- This crosslinking agent system needs approximately 25O 0 F to thermally activate to crosslink the polymer.
- Another type of suitable crosslinking agent is polyalkylimine. This crosslinking agent needs approximately 9O 0 F to activate to crosslink the polymer. This crosslinking agent may be used alone or in conjunction with any of the other crosslinking agents discussed herein.
- crosslinking agent that may be used includes non-toxic organic crosslinking agents that are free from metal ions.
- organic cross- linking agents are polyalkyleneimines (e.g., polyethyleneimine), polyalkylenepolyamines and mixtures thereof.
- water-soluble polyfunctional aliphatic amines, arylalkylamines and heteroarylalkylamines may be utilized.
- suitable crosslinking agents may be present in the fluids of the present invention in an amount sufficient to provide, inter alia, the desired degree of crosslinking.
- the crosslinking agent or agents may be present in the fluids of the present invention in an amount in the range of from about 0.0005% to about 10% weight by volume of the fluid.
- the crosslinking agent may be present in the fluids of the present invention in an amount in the range of from about 0.001% to about 5% weight by volume of the fluid.
- crosslinking agent to include in a fluid of the present invention based on, among other things, the temperature conditions of a particular application, the type of polymer(s) used, the molecular weight of the polymer(s), the desired degree of viscosification, and/or the pH of the fluid.
- an aqueous-based insulating fluid of the present invention may be formulated at ambient temperature and pressure conditions by mixing water and a chosen water-miscible organic liquid.
- the water and water-miscible organic liquid preferably may be mixed so that the water-miscible organic liquid is miscible in the water.
- the chosen silicate may then be added and mixed into the water and water- miscible organic liquid mixture until the silicate is hydrated.
- Any chosen additives may be added at any, including a polymer.
- any additives are dispersed within the mixture.
- a crosslinking agent may be added.
- gel As used herein, and its derivatives refer to a semi-solid, jelly-like state assumed by some colloidal dispersions. Once activated, the gel should stay in place and be durable with negligible syneresis.
- the gels formed by hydrating the silicate may have a zero sheer viscosity of about 100,000 centipoise measured on an Anton Paar Controlled Stress Rheometer at standard conditions using standard operating procedure.
- one method of removing the gel may comprise diluting or breaking the crosslinks and/or the polymer structure within the gel using an appropriate method and/or composition to allow recovery or removal of the gel. Another method could involve physical removal of the gel by, for example, air or liquid.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention may be prepared on-the-fly at a well-site or pipeline location. In other embodiments, the aqueous-based insulating fluids of the present invention may be prepared off-site and transported to the site of use. In transporting the fluids, one should be mindful of the activation temperature of the fluid.
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing a first tubing; providing a second tubing that substantially surrounds the first tubing thus creating an annulus between the first tubing and the second tubing; providing an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a polyol, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the tubings may have any shape appropriate for a chosen application.
- the second tubing may not be the same length as the first tubing.
- the tubing may comprise a portion of a larger apparatus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid may be in contact with the entire first tubing from end to end, but in other situations, the aqueous-based insulating fluid may only be placed in a portion of the annulus and thus only contact a portion of the first tubing.
- the first tubing may be production tubing located within a well bore. In some instances, the tubings may be located in a geothermal well bore. The production tubing may be located in an off-shore location. In other instances, the production tubing may be located in a cold climate. In other instances, the first tubing may be a pipeline capable of transporting a fluid from one location to a second location.
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing a first tubing; providing a second tubing that substantially surrounds the first tubing thus creating an annulus between the first tubing and the second tubing; providing an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water- miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing a tubing containing a first fluid located within a well bore such that an annulus is formed between the tubing and a surface of the well bore; providing an aqueous- based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides a method comprising: providing a first tubing that comprises at least a portion of a pipeline that contains a first fluid; providing a second tubing that substantially surrounds the first tubing thus creating an annulus between the first tubing and the second tubing; providing an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate; and placing the aqueous-based insulating fluid in the annulus.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides an aqueous-based insulating fluid that comprises an aqueous base fluid, a water-miscible organic liquid, and a layered silicate.
- the aqueous-based insulating fluid also includes a polymer.
- the present invention provides a method of forming an aqueous-based insulating fluid comprising: mixing an aqueous base fluid and a water-miscible organic liquid to form a mixture; adding at least one layered silicate to the mixture; allowing the layered silicate to hydrate; placing the mixture comprising the layered silicate in a chosen location; allowing the mixture comprising the layered silicate to activate to form a gel therein.
- a polymer may be added to the mixture and allowed to hydrate.
- a crosslinking agent may be added to the mixture comprising the polymer to crosslink the polymer.
- Thermal stability and static aging All formulations of fluids were statically aged at temperatures > about 280°F for two months. Formulations and properties for the tested fluids are shown in Tables 1 and 2 below. Most of the fluids appeared to remain intact, with the crosslinked systems showing an increase in viscosity and what appeared to be complete gelation behavior. We believe that these systems appeared to exhibit more desirable stability properties than other fluids, which included numerous biopolymers ⁇ e.g., xanthan, welan, and diutan gums) and inorganic clays and were generally destroyed after 3 days at 250 0 F. In addition, as to the thermal stability of these formulations tested, less than 1 % syneresis was observed for any of the samples.
- Sample 4 was evaluated using a high- temperature viscometer to examine the thermal activation of crosslinking agents (Figure 2).
- the fluid was subjected to a low shear rate at 190 0 F, with viscosity measurements showing an increase with time to reach the maximum recordable level around 5000 minutes.
- Thermal conductivity measurements The importance of a low thermal conductivity (K) is an important aspect of the success of insulating fluids.
- K thermal conductivity
- aqueous-based packer fluids in the density range of 8.5 to 12.3 ppg are expected to exhibit values for K of 0.3 to 0.2 BTU/hr ft °F, and preferably would have lower values. From the various formulations listed above, using these formulations fluid densities of 8.5 to 14.4 ppg were observed, all of which have a thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.2 BTU/hr ft 0 F as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Thermal stability and static aging All formulations of fluids were statically aged at temperatures > about 400°F for 3 day intervals. Formulations and properties for the tested fluids are shown in Tables 3 and 4 below. Most of the fluids appeared to remain intact, with the crosslinked systems showing an increase in viscosity and what appeared to be complete gelation behavior. We believe that these systems appeared to exhibit more desirable stability properties than other fluids, which included numerous biopolymers ⁇ e.g., xanthan, welan, and diutan gums) and inorganic clays and were generally destroyed after 3 days at 250 °F. In addition, as to the thermal stability of these formulations tested, less than 1 % syneresis was observed for any of the samples.
- Thermal conductivity measurements The importance of a low thermal conductivity (K) is an important aspect of the success of insulating fluids.
- K thermal conductivity
- aqueous-based packer fluids in the density range of 8.5 to 10.5 ppg are expected to exhibit values for K of 0.3 to 0.2 BTU/hr ft °F, and preferably would have lower values. From the various formulations listed above, using these formulations fluid densities of 8.5 to 10.5 ppg were observed, all of which have a thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.2 BTU/hr ft 0 F as shown in Tables 3 and 4.
- R RL+k* (RU-RL)
- k is a variable ranging from 1 percent to 100 percent with a 1 percent increment, i.e., k is 1 percent, 2 percent, 3 percent, 4 percent, 5 percent,..., 50 percent, 51 percent, 52 percent,..., 95 percent, 96 percent, 97 percent, 98 percent, 99 percent, or 100 percent.
- any numerical range defined by two R numbers as defined in the above is also specifically disclosed.
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US12/046,086 US20080224087A1 (en) | 2007-03-14 | 2008-03-11 | Aqueous-Based Insulating Fluids and Related Methods |
PCT/GB2009/000609 WO2009112808A2 (en) | 2008-03-11 | 2009-03-05 | Improved aqueous-based insulating fluids and related methods |
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EP2271735A2 true EP2271735A2 (de) | 2011-01-12 |
Family
ID=40999887
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09721009A Withdrawn EP2271735A2 (de) | 2008-03-11 | 2009-03-05 | Verbesserte wässrige isolierflüssigkeiten und zugehörige verfahren |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20080224087A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2271735A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2011513677A (de) |
CN (1) | CN102037110A (de) |
AU (1) | AU2009223980A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0909062A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2716450C (de) |
MX (1) | MX2010009988A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2475624C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2009112808A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US20080224087A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Ezell Ryan G | Aqueous-Based Insulating Fluids and Related Methods |
US20080223596A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Ryan Ezell | Aqueous-Based Insulating Fluids and Related Methods |
TW201030132A (en) * | 2008-12-17 | 2010-08-16 | Const Res & Tech Gmbh | Sealing paste |
US8322423B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2012-12-04 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Oil-based grouting composition with an insulating material |
US9062240B2 (en) | 2010-06-14 | 2015-06-23 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Water-based grouting composition with an insulating material |
US8895476B2 (en) | 2011-03-08 | 2014-11-25 | Tetra Technologies, Inc. | Thermal insulating fluids |
WO2014160644A1 (en) * | 2013-03-29 | 2014-10-02 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Aqueous-based insulating fluids and related methods |
WO2015174987A1 (en) | 2014-05-15 | 2015-11-19 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Packing fluds and methods |
WO2017176952A1 (en) | 2016-04-08 | 2017-10-12 | Schlumberger Technology Corporation | Polymer gel for water control applications |
CN106967396A (zh) * | 2017-02-20 | 2017-07-21 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | 一种低导热隔热测试液及其制备方法和用途 |
US11473000B2 (en) | 2018-12-07 | 2022-10-18 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Insulating fluids containing porous media |
FR3131616A1 (fr) * | 2022-01-05 | 2023-07-07 | Jean-Michel SCHULZ | Dispositif de canalisation isolée et flexible pour le transport des fluides cryogéniques, réfrigérants et/ou caloporteurs. |
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US20080224087A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Ezell Ryan G | Aqueous-Based Insulating Fluids and Related Methods |
US20080223596A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Ryan Ezell | Aqueous-Based Insulating Fluids and Related Methods |
-
2008
- 2008-03-11 US US12/046,086 patent/US20080224087A1/en not_active Abandoned
-
2009
- 2009-03-05 JP JP2010550250A patent/JP2011513677A/ja active Pending
- 2009-03-05 EP EP09721009A patent/EP2271735A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-05 CN CN2009801082932A patent/CN102037110A/zh active Pending
- 2009-03-05 MX MX2010009988A patent/MX2010009988A/es unknown
- 2009-03-05 RU RU2010141547/03A patent/RU2475624C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-05 CA CA2716450A patent/CA2716450C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-03-05 BR BRPI0909062-2A patent/BRPI0909062A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-03-05 AU AU2009223980A patent/AU2009223980A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-03-05 WO PCT/GB2009/000609 patent/WO2009112808A2/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2009112808A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2716450A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
RU2475624C2 (ru) | 2013-02-20 |
AU2009223980A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
JP2011513677A (ja) | 2011-04-28 |
BRPI0909062A2 (pt) | 2015-08-25 |
US20080224087A1 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
RU2010141547A (ru) | 2012-04-20 |
MX2010009988A (es) | 2010-09-30 |
WO2009112808A2 (en) | 2009-09-17 |
WO2009112808A3 (en) | 2009-11-26 |
CN102037110A (zh) | 2011-04-27 |
CA2716450C (en) | 2013-02-19 |
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