EP2270279A1 - Calender for smoothing a paper web - Google Patents

Calender for smoothing a paper web Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2270279A1
EP2270279A1 EP09008506A EP09008506A EP2270279A1 EP 2270279 A1 EP2270279 A1 EP 2270279A1 EP 09008506 A EP09008506 A EP 09008506A EP 09008506 A EP09008506 A EP 09008506A EP 2270279 A1 EP2270279 A1 EP 2270279A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
calender
web
roll
heatable
gap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09008506A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2270279B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Dr. Svenka
Bernhard Dr. Brendel
Eduard Dr. Davydenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Andritz Kuesters GmbH
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Andritz Kuesters GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=41228415&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2270279(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Andritz Kuesters GmbH filed Critical Andritz Kuesters GmbH
Priority to PL09008506T priority Critical patent/PL2270279T3/en
Priority to EP09008506A priority patent/EP2270279B1/en
Priority to AT09008506T priority patent/ATE541987T1/en
Priority to US13/379,586 priority patent/US8440054B2/en
Priority to CN2010800295898A priority patent/CN102713058A/en
Priority to JP2012518048A priority patent/JP2012531536A/en
Priority to CA2765128A priority patent/CA2765128A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2010/003900 priority patent/WO2011000530A2/en
Publication of EP2270279A1 publication Critical patent/EP2270279A1/en
Publication of EP2270279B1 publication Critical patent/EP2270279B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Revoked legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21G—CALENDERS; ACCESSORIES FOR PAPER-MAKING MACHINES
    • D21G1/00—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus
    • D21G1/006—Calenders; Smoothing apparatus with extended nips

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a calender for smoothing a paper web, in particular from gravure paper, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a calender, which smoothes a paper web high and thereby can be operated cost and energy saving.
  • a calender in which the paper web before entering the first working nip (Nip) passes through a pretreatment section for producing an optimum temperature profile when smoothing in the working nips.
  • the roll surface temperature of the heatable rolls of a roll stack needs to be selected only slightly higher than the plasticizing temperature of the respective paper web with a selectable moisture content. For example, it is possible to smooth out the roll surface temperature in the working gaps by only about 10 to 30 ° C. in this respect.
  • the larger in relation to a hard, heatable intermediate roller diameter of the respective first nip limiting end roller allows the construction of a treatment section whose length is large compared to the nip length.
  • Increasing the effect on multi-pin calendering with soft nips and extended soft nips (extended nip) is possible. This is especially true for SC-A, SC-B and LWC paper.
  • the energy savings result from reduced heat radiation and reduced forced convection of the heatable rolls.
  • the efficiency of heat transfer is also increased, since the degree of heat loss is reduced.
  • the prolonged residence time in the web treatment gap in conjunction with a preferably elastic surface of the circulating belt significantly improves the heating of the paper web. It ensures a good heat transfer, since the paper web is pressed evenly to the heatable roll, so that, for example, air bubbles from unevenness of the paper web, the Heat transfer could be largely avoided.
  • the advantages of the proposed calender thus result from the extended dwell for heating the web in connection with the formation of the rotating belt, immediately before the paper web passes through the working nips of a roll stack.
  • the contact pressure is preferably adjusted by the tension of the belt.
  • This tangential tension of the belt loads the belt, which usually consists of a plastic, a rubber, a plastic-coated carrier material or a rubber-coated carrier material, far less than a radial tension.
  • the belt which usually consists of a plastic, a rubber, a plastic-coated carrier material or a rubber-coated carrier material, far less than a radial tension.
  • the plastic tends to delaminate a layer composite.
  • the thermal stress of the belt is low, so that the belt has a long life.
  • One required to achieve the desired depth of penetration of the heat Dwell time in the web treatment nip can be optimized by adjusting the Anpressin the tape to the circumference of the heatable roll by means of guide rollers.
  • a controlled local increase in pressure can be set in the web treatment gap by additionally working guide rollers for the circulating belt as pressure rollers.
  • the invention relates to a calender 1 for smoothing a paper web 2, in particular from gravure paper.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a calender according to a first embodiment with at least one roll stack, each having an upper 4.1 and a lower end roll 4.2 and intermediate rolls 5.1, 5.2.
  • one of the two end rollers here the upper end roller 4.1, delimits a first working gap 3 of the roller stack.
  • the roll stack comprises a plurality of rolls 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, which are designed to form load-bearing working nips in the form of soft nips as hard rolls 4.1, 5.2 and soft rolls 5.1, 4.2.
  • the first working gap 3 bounding end roller 4.1 is a hard, heatable roller whose diameter is greater than that of a hard, heatable intermediate roller 5.2.
  • the outer wall of the End roller 4.1 also forms a contact surface 10 of a first working gap 3 upstream web treatment nip 8.
  • the other contact surface 9 of the web treatment nip 8 is formed by a at circulating rollers 11, 12, 13 circulating belt 14. Thus, two contact surfaces 9, 10 are provided, which form an extended treatment path, the web treatment gap 8.
  • the web treatment gap 8 preferably extends along a degree of wrap around the hard, heatable end roll 4.1.
  • the circulating belt 14 has an elastic surface on the side facing the paper web 2.
  • the guide rollers 11, 12, 13 control a belt tension of the belt 14 for pressurizing the paper web 2 in the web treatment gap 8.
  • the diameter of the first working gap 3 bounding end roller 4.1 is in the range of 1.2 m to 2.0 m.
  • the diameter of a hard, heatable intermediate roller 5.2 is in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 m.
  • the end rollers 4.1, 4.2 are preferably Biegeeinstellwalzen for simultaneous control of the property profiles of the web 2 in the transverse direction. All rollers 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 preferably have their own power drive.
  • the stacking of the rolls of a roll stack can be arranged vertically, horizontally or obliquely.
  • the stack of rolls is loadable by at least one load cylinder on the end side and / or by individual load elements acting on the rolls 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, with which the respective line load in the working gaps can be adjusted.
  • the calender can be used online or offline.
  • the nip length of the soft nip 3 is preferably in the range of 3 to 40 mm, depending on the type of roller as a soft roller or as a shoe roller with elastic belt.
  • the heatable end roll 4.1 is heated, for example, to roll surface temperatures of 80 ° C. to 160 ° C., depending on the plasticization temperature of the respective paper web 2 and its moisture content.
  • the contact surface 9 is a circumferential contact surface which is formed by a band 14 circulating on the guide rollers 11, 12, 13.
  • the other contact surface 10 is formed by the circumferential outer wall of the hard, heatable roller 4.1.
  • the web treatment gap 8 extends along a degree of wrap around the heatable roller 4.1.
  • the degree of wrap for varying the length of the web treatment nip 8 is adjustable depending on a desired penetration depth of the heat into the paper web 2.
  • the circulating belt 14 presses the paper web 2 against the heatable roller 4.1 with an elastic surface to increase the thermal efficiency of the heat transfer.
  • the contact pressure in the web treatment gap 8 is adjusted by the tension of the belt 14.
  • the maximum tensile stress of the belt 14 is limited to preferably 200 kN / m.
  • the compressive stress which can be achieved in the pretreatment zone of the web treatment nip 8 can, for example, assume a value in the range from 0.01 MPa to 0.5 MPa. This depends on the belt tension and the selected dimensions of the heatable end roller 4.1.
  • the web 2 can wrap around the heatable end roll 4.1 along a partial section before entering the web treatment gap 8.
  • the surface temperature of the heatable end roller 4.1 is preferably controlled so that within the residence time of the web 2 below the belt 14, the glass transition temperature is achieved in an optimum for the respective objective of the smoothing process penetration depth. For a high smoothing a penetration depth of about 10 microns is sufficient.
  • the surface temperature and the length of the pretreatment path of the web processing nip 8 are optimized so that permitting operation at a temperature which does not substantially exceed the glass transition temperature of the surface area of the web 2 to be plasticized.
  • the thus pretreated web 2, which can be moistened before the calender 1 beforehand with nozzle and / or steam humidifier, is smoothed directly behind the pretreatment section in the nip 3 and the subsequent nips.
  • the nip 3 is arranged immediately behind the looped portion on the heatable end roll 4.1. Moistening behind the calender 1 or between two calenders 1 is also possible if this is technologically necessary.
  • the circulating belt 14 preferably has an elastic surface for ensuring a uniform contact pressure, which is adjustable by the tension of the belt 14.
  • the heat transfer from the heated end roll 4.1 to the paper web 2 is thermally shielded from the surroundings in the web treatment gap 8 by the circulating belt 14 thus formed.
  • the introduction of heat into the paper web 2 is improved because heat dissipation to the environment is reduced. If the elastic surface is a thermal insulator, the introduction of the heat into the paper web 2 is further improved.
  • the elastic surface of the circulating belt 14 therefore preferably consists of a material with a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 10 W / mK, in particular less than or equal to 5 W / mK, very preferably less than or equal to 1 W / mK.
  • the hardness of the elastic surface is preferably in the range of 50 Shore A to 92 Shore D.
  • the band 14 is preferably made of a flat substrate provided with one or more elastic layers.
  • a carrier material high-strength plastic fibers, glass fibers or carbon fibers are used. Such a composite material has a high tensile strength.
  • a support fabric or support band of the aforementioned fibers may also be incorporated.
  • the circulating belt 14 may further consist of a substrate provided with an elastic layer, wherein the carrier material may also consist of a metal or metal strip.
  • the hardness of the metal can, with a sufficiently thin, elastic layer for smoothing the provide circumferential band 14 facing side of the paper web 2.
  • the roughness of the elastic surface of the band 14 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 microns.
  • the then given smoothness of the elastic surface of the belt 14 may be reflected as smoothness on the paper web 2.
  • the tape 14 has, for example, a heat-resistant surface coating, for example made of silicone. The heat-resistant coating provides high wear resistance and a smooth surface.
  • the pretreatment path of the web treatment nip 8 serves, in particular, also for pre-smoothing the web 2.
  • the circulating belt 14 further preferably has only a small elongation which is less than or equal to 7%. The strain occurring when adjusting the belt tension in the belt 14 due to tension in the belt 14 then does not disturb the smoothing.
  • the band 14 has at least the same width as the web 2. The thickness of the band 14 depends on its width and length and may be between 4 and 20 mm.
  • At least one of the guide rollers 11, 13 may be formed as a pressure roller, which presses the web 14 in the web treatment gap 8 along a portion in the direction L by additional radial pressure load.
  • a guide roller 11, 13 is preferably formed on the inlet and / or outlet side of the web treatment nip 8 as a pressure roller.
  • the radial pressure load can be set lower on the inlet side than the outlet side or vice versa.
  • Such a pressure roller may be a Biegeeinstellwalze.
  • Fig. 1 shows a calender 1, in which the band 14, the heatable, hard roller 4.1 wraps more than 60 °. Preferably, the degree of wrap is at values between 60 ° and 270 °.
  • the circulating, endless belt 14, which is also referred to as belt, is guided by three guide rollers 11, 12, 13 in a loop around the heatable roller 4.1.
  • the belt 14 is here by the guide roller 12th curious; excited.
  • the contact pressure of the belt 14 is determined to the web 2.
  • a higher tension of the belt 14 also results in a higher contact pressure of the web 2 and favors the leveling of the web surface, ie the pre-smoothing.
  • the web 2 conditioned in the web-treatment nip 8 is finally finished in a nip 3 directly following and formed with the same heatable roller 4.1 and the following nips formed by the rollers 5.1, 5.2 and 4.2.
  • the line loads in this nip sequence are adaptable to the smoothness effects to be achieved.
  • Medium compressive stresses with paper in the nip of 2 N / mm 2 to 55 N / mm 2 are adjustable.
  • the compressive stresses in the upper area of said range allow the smoothing of high-quality papers, such as SC, LWC and MWC papers or wood-free coated papers.
  • a conditioning section is formed, in which the interior of the web 2 below the plastification or Glass transition temperature remains.
  • the thickness of the near-surface layer of the web 2, which is brought above the plasticizing temperature is several times the largest unevenness of the paper web surface.
  • the thickness of the layer to be heated is thus dependent on the roughness of the web 2 to be treated.
  • the length of the web treatment nip 8 and the speed of the web 2 in the direction L determine the residence time of the web 2 in the web treatment nip 8 and thus also the penetration depth of the heat into the web 2 and the layer thickness which is heated to a deformation temperature.
  • the ambient air entrained with the web 2 in the boundary layer degrades the heat transfer from the heated end roll 4.1 to the web 2.
  • Substantial improvement in heat transfer is achieved by removal of the boundary layer. This can be done for example by a contact path for an adhesive contact between the outer wall of the heatable end roller 4.1 and the surface of the paper web 2 upstream of the web treatment device 7. Also suitable is the pressing of a guide roller 11 against the heated end roller 4.1. By these measures, the disturbing boundary layer can be displaced against the direction of travel of the web 2 and the heat transfer in the web treatment gap 8 can be further increased.
  • Fig. 2 shows a calender arrangement with two in the direction of the web 2 successively arranged roller stacks of a calender 1.
  • This is a two-sided smoothing of the web 2 possible.
  • first the lower side of the web is smoothed into the nips of the first roll stack, and then the upper web side is smoothed into the nips of the second roll stack.
  • the temperatures of the heated rollers 4.1, 5.2 and the line loads in the two roller stacks are independently adjustable.
  • the two-sidedness of the web 2 with respect to the smoothness result can be minimized or, if desired, a targeted two-sidedness can also be set.
  • first the upper side of the track can be smoothed.
  • Fig. 3 shows a multi-pin calender with several hard, heatable intermediate rollers 5.1, 5.3, the diameter of which is all smaller than that of the upper end roller 4.1, which limits the first nip 3.
  • the number of nips and the rolls forming them is determined by the smoothness of the paper web 2 to be achieved.
  • Fig. 3 shows a roll stack with six rolls. Alternatively, the roll stack may also comprise 8 or 10 rolls.
  • an additional web-treatment gap can be provided on a heatable intermediate roll 5.2, 5.4.
  • the belt 14 may be cooled outside the web processing nip 8. As a position for cooling, the return area of the belt 14 may be provided.

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Abstract

The calendar (1) has a roller stack with an upper end roller (4.1), a lower end roller (4.2) and intermediate rollers (5.1-5.4), where the upper end roller limits a working gap (3) of the stack based on guide of a paper web (2). The upper end roller is a hard, heatable roller with a diameter greater than a diameter of the hard, heatable intermediate rollers (5.2, 5.4). An outer wall of the upper end roller forms a contact surface (9) of a web treatment gap (8) arranged upstream of the working gap, and forms another contact surface (10) by a belt (14) circulating on guide rollers (11-13).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kalander zum Glätten einer Papierbahn, insbesondere aus tiefdruckfähigem Papier, nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The invention relates to a calender for smoothing a paper web, in particular from gravure paper, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Zur Verbesserung der Oberflächenqualität werden Papierbahnen geglättet. Eine besonders hohe Glätte benötigen tiefdruckfähige Papiere, die zu den hochwertigen Papieren zählen. Aus EP 0 886 695 B1 ist ein Kalander zur Behandlung einer Papierbahn bekannt, der eine Mehrzahl Walzen aufweist, die als Arbeitsspalte so genannte Soft-Nips zwischen jeweils einer harten und einer weichen Walze bilden. Die Mehrzahl Arbeitsspalte (Nips) ermöglicht das Glätten auf hohe Glättwerte, die für ein gutes Druckergebnis ausschlaggebend sind.To improve the surface quality, paper webs are smoothed. A particularly high smoothness require gravure papers, which are among the high-quality papers. Out EP 0 886 695 B1 For example, a calender for treating a paper web is known, which has a plurality of rolls which form so-called soft nips between each of a hard and a soft roll as work gaps. The majority of work nips allow smoothing to high smoothness values, which are crucial for a good print result.

Bei hohen Maschinengeschwindigkeiten im Online- oder Offline-Betrieb müssen dazu allerdings hohe Temperaturen gewählt werden. Diese hohen Temperaturen können zu Verhornungen an der Oberfläche der Papierbahn führen, die sich nachteilig auf den Tiefdruck auswirken. Ferner kommt es bei hohen Temperaturen der Walzenoberfläche der beheizbaren Walzen zu großen Wärmeverlusten an die Umgebung.At high machine speeds in online or offline operation, however, high temperatures must be selected. These high temperatures can lead to flaws on the surface of the paper web, which adversely affect the gravure. Furthermore, it comes at high temperatures of the roll surface the heatable rollers cause large heat losses to the environment.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es daher, einen Kalander zu schaffen, der eine Papierbahn hoch glättet und dabei kosten- und energiesparend betrieben werden kann.Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a calender, which smoothes a paper web high and thereby can be operated cost and energy saving.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Hierdurch wird ein Kalander geschaffen, bei dem die Papierbahn vor dem Eintritt in den ersten Arbeitsspalt (Nip) eine Vorbehandlungsstrecke zur Erzeugung eines optimalen Temperaturprofils beim Glätten in den Arbeitsspalten (Nips) durchläuft. Die Walzenoberflächentemperatur der beheizbaren Walzen eines Walzenstapels braucht dazu nur geringfügig höher gewählt werden als die Plastifizierungstemperatur der jeweiligen Papierbahn bei einem wählbaren Feuchtegehalt. Beispielsweise kann mit einer insoweit nur um 10 - 30°C höheren Walzenoberflächentemperatur in den Arbeitsspalten geglättet werden.In this way, a calender is provided in which the paper web before entering the first working nip (Nip) passes through a pretreatment section for producing an optimum temperature profile when smoothing in the working nips. The roll surface temperature of the heatable rolls of a roll stack needs to be selected only slightly higher than the plasticizing temperature of the respective paper web with a selectable moisture content. For example, it is possible to smooth out the roll surface temperature in the working gaps by only about 10 to 30 ° C. in this respect.

Der im Verhältnis zu einer harten, beheizbaren Zwischenwalze größere Durchmesser der den jeweils ersten Nip begrenzenden Endwalze ermöglicht den Aufbau einer Behandlungsstrecke, deren Länge im Vergleich zur Niplänge groß ist. Die Steigerung des Gläfteffektes bei Multinipkalandern mit Soft-Nips und mit verlängerten Soft-Nips (Breitnip) ist dadurch möglich. Dies gilt insbesondere für SC-A-, SC-B- und LWC-Papier. Die Energieersparnis ergibt sich aus reduzierter Wärmeabstrahlung und reduzierter Zwangskonvektion der beheizbaren Walzen. Der Wirkungsgrad der Wärmeübertragung ist zudem erhöht, da ja das Maß an Verlustwärme reduziert ist.The larger in relation to a hard, heatable intermediate roller diameter of the respective first nip limiting end roller allows the construction of a treatment section whose length is large compared to the nip length. Increasing the effect on multi-pin calendering with soft nips and extended soft nips (extended nip) is possible. This is especially true for SC-A, SC-B and LWC paper. The energy savings result from reduced heat radiation and reduced forced convection of the heatable rolls. The efficiency of heat transfer is also increased, since the degree of heat loss is reduced.

Die verlängerte Verweilzeit im Bahnbehandlungsspalt in Verbindung mit einer vorzugsweise elastischen Oberfläche des umlaufenden Bandes verbessert die Aufheizung der Papierbahn deutlich. Es wird ein guter Wärmeübergang sichergestellt, da die Papierbahn an die beheizbare Walze gleichmäßig angepresst wird, so dass beispielsweise Luftpolster aus Unebenheiten der Papierbahn, die den Wärmeübergang behindern könnten, weitgehend vermieden werden. Die Vorteile des vorgeschlagenen Kalanders ergeben sich also aus der verlängerten Verweilstrecke zum Aufheizen der Bahn in Verbindung mit der Ausbildung des umlaufenden Bandes, unmittelbar bevor die Papierbahn die Arbeitsspalte eines Walzenstapels durchläuft.The prolonged residence time in the web treatment gap in conjunction with a preferably elastic surface of the circulating belt significantly improves the heating of the paper web. It ensures a good heat transfer, since the paper web is pressed evenly to the heatable roll, so that, for example, air bubbles from unevenness of the paper web, the Heat transfer could be largely avoided. The advantages of the proposed calender thus result from the extended dwell for heating the web in connection with the formation of the rotating belt, immediately before the paper web passes through the working nips of a roll stack.

Durch ein verlängertes Erwärmen der Papierbahn in dem Bahnbehandlungsspalt ist eine gleichmäßige Erwärmung der Papierbahn bis zur technologisch erforderlichen Tiefe möglich. Dazu sind Walzenoberflächentemperaturen im Bereich von 80°C bis 160°C im Allgemeinen hinreichend. Die Höhe der Temperatur wird zugunsten einer Verlängerung der Zeitspanne der Temperatureinwirkung reduziert. Die Reduzierung der Höhe der Temperatur für den thermisch-mechanischen Glättvorgang wird dann nur noch im Wesentlichen bestimmt durch die Plastifizierungstemperatur der verwendeten Faserstoffe einer Papierbahn und deren Feuchtegehalt. Die vorzugsweise elastische Oberfläche des Bandes stellt dabei einen gleichmäßigen Anpressdruck und damit einen gleichmäßigen Wärmeübertrag von der beheizten Walze auf die Papierbahn sicher.By prolonged heating of the paper web in the web treatment nip, uniform heating of the paper web to the technologically required depth is possible. In addition, roll surface temperatures in the range of 80 ° C to 160 ° C are generally sufficient. The amount of temperature is reduced in favor of extending the period of time of the effect of temperature. The reduction in the height of the temperature for the thermal-mechanical smoothing process is then only substantially determined by the plasticizing temperature of the fibrous materials used in a paper web and their moisture content. The preferably elastic surface of the band thereby ensures a uniform contact pressure and thus a uniform heat transfer from the heated roller to the paper web safely.

Der Anpressdruck wird vorzugsweise durch die Spannung des Bandes eingestellt. Diese tangentiale Spannung des Bandes belastet das Band, das üblicherweise aus einem Kunststoff, einem Gummi, einem kunststoffbeschichteten Trägerwerkstoff oder einem gummibeschichteten Trägerwerkstoff besteht, weit weniger als eine radiale Spannung. Bei radialer Spannung neigt der Kunststoff zur Delamination eines Schichtenverbundes. Die thermische Beanspruchung des Bandes ist niedrig, so dass das Band eine lange Lebensdauer hat.The contact pressure is preferably adjusted by the tension of the belt. This tangential tension of the belt loads the belt, which usually consists of a plastic, a rubber, a plastic-coated carrier material or a rubber-coated carrier material, far less than a radial tension. With radial stress, the plastic tends to delaminate a layer composite. The thermal stress of the belt is low, so that the belt has a long life.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Kalander ist es gelungen, die von einem gleichzeitigen Einsatz von Druck und Temperatur in dem Nip zu erwartenden Vorteile und Auswirkungen kosten- und energiesparend in dem Glättvorgang zu realisieren.With the calender according to the invention, it has been possible to realize the advantages and effects to be expected from simultaneous use of pressure and temperature in the nip in a cost-effective and energy-saving manner in the smoothing process.

Eine für das Erzielen der gewünschten Eindringtiefe der Wärme erforderliche Verweilzeit im Bahnbehandlungsspalt kann durch Verstellen der Anpresslänge des Bandes an den Umfang der beheizbaren Walze mittels Leitwalzen optimiert werden.One required to achieve the desired depth of penetration of the heat Dwell time in the web treatment nip can be optimized by adjusting the Anpresslänge the tape to the circumference of the heatable roll by means of guide rollers.

Bevorzugt kann eine kontrollierte örtliche Druckzunahme im Bahnbehandlungsspalt eingestellt werden, indem Leitwalzen für das umlaufende Band zusätzlich als Anpresswalzen arbeiten.Preferably, a controlled local increase in pressure can be set in the web treatment gap by additionally working guide rollers for the circulating belt as pressure rollers.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind der nachfolgenden Beschreibung und den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen.Further embodiments of the invention are described in the following description and the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand der in den beigefügten Abbildungen dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Kalander gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 2 zeigt schematisch einen Kalander gemäß einem zweiten Ausführungsbeispiel,
  • Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch einen Kalander gemäß einem dritten Ausführungsbeispiel.
The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
  • Fig. 1 schematically shows a calender according to a first embodiment,
  • Fig. 2 schematically shows a calender according to a second embodiment,
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a calender according to a third embodiment.

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kalander 1 zum Glätten einer Papierbahn 2, insbesondere aus tiefdruckfähigem Papier. Fig. 1 zeigt schematisch einen Kalander gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel mit mindestens einem Walzenstapel, der jeweils eine obere 4.1 und eine untere Endwalze 4.2 und Zwischenwalzen 5.1, 5.2 aufweist. Abhängig von der Führung der Papierbahn 2 in Laufrichtung L begrenzt eine der beiden Endwalzen, hier die obere Endwalze 4.1, einen ersten Arbeitsspalt 3 des Walzenstapels. Der Walzenstapel umfasst mehrere Walzen 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, die zur Bildung von belastbaren Arbeitsspalten in Form von Soft-Nips als harte Walzen 4.1, 5.2 und weiche Walzen 5.1, 4.2 ausgebildet sind. Die den ersten Arbeitsspalt 3 begrenzende Endwalze 4.1 ist eine harte, beheizbare Walze, deren Durchmesser größer ist als der einer harten, beheizbaren Zwischenwalze 5.2. Die Außenwand der Endwalze 4.1 bildet ferner eine Kontaktfläche 10 eines dem ersten Arbeitsspalt 3 vorgeordneten Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8. Die andere Kontaktfläche 9 des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 wird von einem an Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 umlaufenden Band 14 gebildet. Es sind also zwei Kontaktflächen 9, 10 vorgesehen, die eine verlängerte Behandlungsstrecke, den Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8, bilden.The invention relates to a calender 1 for smoothing a paper web 2, in particular from gravure paper. Fig. 1 schematically shows a calender according to a first embodiment with at least one roll stack, each having an upper 4.1 and a lower end roll 4.2 and intermediate rolls 5.1, 5.2. Depending on the guidance of the paper web 2 in the direction of travel L, one of the two end rollers, here the upper end roller 4.1, delimits a first working gap 3 of the roller stack. The roll stack comprises a plurality of rolls 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, which are designed to form load-bearing working nips in the form of soft nips as hard rolls 4.1, 5.2 and soft rolls 5.1, 4.2. The first working gap 3 bounding end roller 4.1 is a hard, heatable roller whose diameter is greater than that of a hard, heatable intermediate roller 5.2. The outer wall of the End roller 4.1 also forms a contact surface 10 of a first working gap 3 upstream web treatment nip 8. The other contact surface 9 of the web treatment nip 8 is formed by a at circulating rollers 11, 12, 13 circulating belt 14. Thus, two contact surfaces 9, 10 are provided, which form an extended treatment path, the web treatment gap 8.

Der Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 erstreckt sich vorzugsweise entlang eines Grades der Umschlingung der harten, beheizbaren Endwalze 4.1. Das umlaufende Band 14 weist an der der Papierbahn 2 zugewandten Seite eine elastische Oberfläche auf. Die Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 steuern eine Bandspannung des Bandes 14 zur Druckbeaufschlagung der Papierbahn 2 im Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8.The web treatment gap 8 preferably extends along a degree of wrap around the hard, heatable end roll 4.1. The circulating belt 14 has an elastic surface on the side facing the paper web 2. The guide rollers 11, 12, 13 control a belt tension of the belt 14 for pressurizing the paper web 2 in the web treatment gap 8.

Der Durchmesser der den ersten Arbeitsspalt 3 begrenzenden Endwalze 4.1 liegt im Bereich von 1,2 m bis 2,0 m. Der Durchmesser einer harten, beheizbaren Zwischenwalze 5.2 liegt im Bereich von 0,6 bis 1,2 m. Die Endwalzen 4.1, 4.2 sind vorzugsweise Biegeeinstellwalzen zur gleichzeitigen Regelung der Eigenschaftsprofile der Bahn 2 in Querrichtung. Alle Walzen 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 weisen vorzugsweise einen eigenen Leistungsantrieb auf. Die Stapelung der Walzen eines Walzenstapels kann vertikal, horizontal oder schräg angeordnet sein.The diameter of the first working gap 3 bounding end roller 4.1 is in the range of 1.2 m to 2.0 m. The diameter of a hard, heatable intermediate roller 5.2 is in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 m. The end rollers 4.1, 4.2 are preferably Biegeeinstellwalzen for simultaneous control of the property profiles of the web 2 in the transverse direction. All rollers 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 preferably have their own power drive. The stacking of the rolls of a roll stack can be arranged vertically, horizontally or obliquely.

Der Walzenstapel ist belastbar durch mindestens einen endseitigen Belastungszylinder und/oder durch an den Walzen 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2 angreifende individuelle Belastungselemente, mit denen die jeweilige Linienlast in den Arbeitsspalten einstellbar ist. Der Kalander kann online oder offline eingesetzt werden.The stack of rolls is loadable by at least one load cylinder on the end side and / or by individual load elements acting on the rolls 4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, with which the respective line load in the working gaps can be adjusted. The calender can be used online or offline.

Die Niplänge des weichen Nips 3 liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 3 bis 40 mm, je nach Art der Walze als weiche Walze oder als Schuhwalze mit elastischem Belt. Die beheizbare Endwalze 4.1 wird beispielsweise auf Walzenoberflächentemperaturen von 80°C bis 160°C erhitzt in Abhängigkeit von der Plastifizierungstemperatur der jeweiligen Papierbahn 2 und deren Feuchtegehalt.The nip length of the soft nip 3 is preferably in the range of 3 to 40 mm, depending on the type of roller as a soft roller or as a shoe roller with elastic belt. The heatable end roll 4.1 is heated, for example, to roll surface temperatures of 80 ° C. to 160 ° C., depending on the plasticization temperature of the respective paper web 2 and its moisture content.

Die Kontaktfläche 9 ist eine umlaufende Kontaktfläche, die durch ein an den Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 umlaufendes Band 14 gebildet ist. Die andere Kontaktfläche 10 ist von der umlaufenden Außenwand der harten, beheizbaren Walze 4.1 gebildet. Der Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 erstreckt sich entlang eines Grades der Umschlingung der beheizbaren Walze 4.1. Der Grad der Umschlingung zum Variieren der Länge des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 ist in Abhängigkeit einer gewünschten Eindringtiefe der Wärme in die Papierbahn 2 einstellbar. Durch Verstellen der Anpresslänge des Bandes 14 am Umfang der beheizbaren Endwalze 4.1 wird die wählbare Verweilzeit mittels der Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 optimiert. Die Anpresslänge am Umfang der Walze 4.1 ist vorzugsweise von 0,25 bis 5,0 m variabel einstellbar.The contact surface 9 is a circumferential contact surface which is formed by a band 14 circulating on the guide rollers 11, 12, 13. The other contact surface 10 is formed by the circumferential outer wall of the hard, heatable roller 4.1. The web treatment gap 8 extends along a degree of wrap around the heatable roller 4.1. The degree of wrap for varying the length of the web treatment nip 8 is adjustable depending on a desired penetration depth of the heat into the paper web 2. By adjusting the pressing length of the belt 14 on the circumference of the heatable end roller 4.1, the selectable dwell time by means of the guide rollers 11, 12, 13 is optimized. The Anpresslänge on the circumference of the roller 4.1 is preferably variably adjustable from 0.25 to 5.0 m.

Das umlaufende Band 14 presst mit einer elastischen Oberfläche zur Erhöhung des thermischen Wirkungsgrades der Wärmeübertragung die Papierbahn 2 an die beheizbare Walze 4.1.The circulating belt 14 presses the paper web 2 against the heatable roller 4.1 with an elastic surface to increase the thermal efficiency of the heat transfer.

Der Anpressdruck im Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 wird durch die Spannung des Bandes 14 eingestellt. Die maximale Zugspannung des Bandes 14 ist auf vorzugsweise 200 kN/m begrenzt. Die in der Vorbehandlungszone des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 erzielbare Druckspannung kann beispielsweise einen Wert im Bereich von 0,01 MPa bis 0,5 MPa annehmen. Dies hängt ab von der Bandspannung und der gewählten Abmessungen der beheizbaren Endwalze 4.1.The contact pressure in the web treatment gap 8 is adjusted by the tension of the belt 14. The maximum tensile stress of the belt 14 is limited to preferably 200 kN / m. The compressive stress which can be achieved in the pretreatment zone of the web treatment nip 8 can, for example, assume a value in the range from 0.01 MPa to 0.5 MPa. This depends on the belt tension and the selected dimensions of the heatable end roller 4.1.

Die Bahn 2 kann vor dem Eintritt in den Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 die beheizbare Endwalze 4.1 entlang eines Teilabschnitts umschlingen.The web 2 can wrap around the heatable end roll 4.1 along a partial section before entering the web treatment gap 8.

Die Oberflächentemperatur der beheizbaren Endwalze 4.1 wird vorzugsweise so geregelt, dass innerhalb der Verweilzeit der Bahn 2 unterhalb des Bandes 14 die Glasumwandlungstemperatur in einer für die jeweilige Zielsetzung des Glättvorganges optimalen Eindringtiefe erzielt wird. Für eine hohe Glättung ist eine Eindringtiefe von etwa 10 µm hinreichend. Die Oberflächentemperatur und die Länge der Vorbehandlungsstrecke des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 werden so optimiert, dass der Betrieb mit einer Temperatur ermöglicht wird, die nicht wesentlich die Glasumwandlungstemperatur des zu plastifizierenden Oberflächenbereichs der Bahn 2 übersteigt. Die so vorbehandelte Bahn 2, die vor dem Kalander 1 zuvor mit Düsen- und/oder Dampfbefeuchter aufgefeuchtet werden kann, wird direkt hinter der Vorbehandlungsstrecke in dem Nip 3 und den nachfolgenden Nips geglättet. Der Nip 3 ist unmittelbar hinter dem umschlungenen Abschnitt an der beheizbaren Endwalze 4.1 angeordnet. Auch eine Befeuchtung hinter dem Kalander 1 oder zwischen zwei Kalandern 1 ist möglich, falls dies technologisch erforderlich ist.The surface temperature of the heatable end roller 4.1 is preferably controlled so that within the residence time of the web 2 below the belt 14, the glass transition temperature is achieved in an optimum for the respective objective of the smoothing process penetration depth. For a high smoothing a penetration depth of about 10 microns is sufficient. The surface temperature and the length of the pretreatment path of the web processing nip 8 are optimized so that permitting operation at a temperature which does not substantially exceed the glass transition temperature of the surface area of the web 2 to be plasticized. The thus pretreated web 2, which can be moistened before the calender 1 beforehand with nozzle and / or steam humidifier, is smoothed directly behind the pretreatment section in the nip 3 and the subsequent nips. The nip 3 is arranged immediately behind the looped portion on the heatable end roll 4.1. Moistening behind the calender 1 or between two calenders 1 is also possible if this is technologically necessary.

Das umlaufende Band 14 hat vorzugsweise eine elastische Oberfläche zur Sicherstellung eines gleichmäßigen Anpressdrucks, der durch die Spannung des Bandes 14 einstellbar ist. Die von der beheizten Endwalze 4.1 ausgehende Wärmeübertragung zur Papierbahn 2 wird durch das so ausgebildete umlaufende Band 14 gegenüber der Umgebung im Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 thermisch abgeschirmt. Die Einleitung der Wärme in die Papierbahn 2 ist verbessert, da eine Wärmeabführung an die Umgebung reduziert ist. Ist die elastische Oberfläche ein thermischer Isolator, wird die Einleitung der Wärme in die Papierbahn 2 weiter verbessert. Die elastische Oberfläche des umlaufenden Bandes 14 besteht deshalb vorzugsweise aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner gleich 10 W/mK, insbesondere kleiner gleich 5 W/mK, ganz bevorzugt kleiner gleich 1 W/mK. Die Härte der elastischen Oberfläche liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 50 Shore A bis 92 Shore D.The circulating belt 14 preferably has an elastic surface for ensuring a uniform contact pressure, which is adjustable by the tension of the belt 14. The heat transfer from the heated end roll 4.1 to the paper web 2 is thermally shielded from the surroundings in the web treatment gap 8 by the circulating belt 14 thus formed. The introduction of heat into the paper web 2 is improved because heat dissipation to the environment is reduced. If the elastic surface is a thermal insulator, the introduction of the heat into the paper web 2 is further improved. The elastic surface of the circulating belt 14 therefore preferably consists of a material with a thermal conductivity of less than or equal to 10 W / mK, in particular less than or equal to 5 W / mK, very preferably less than or equal to 1 W / mK. The hardness of the elastic surface is preferably in the range of 50 Shore A to 92 Shore D.

Das Band 14 besteht vorzugsweise aus einem flachen Trägermaterial, das mit einer oder mehreren elastischen Schichten versehen ist. Als Trägermaterial sind hochfeste Kunststofffasern, Glasfasern oder Kohlefasern verwendbar. Ein solcher Verbundwerkstoff besitzt eine hohe Zugfestigkeit. Zur Erhöhung der mechanischen Festigkeit des Bandes kann auch ein Stützgewebe oder Stützband aus den vorgenannten Fasern eingearbeitet sein. Das umlaufende Band 14 kann ferner aus einem mit einer elastischen Schicht versehenem Trägermaterial bestehen, wobei das Trägermaterial auch aus einem Metall oder Metallband bestehen kann. Die Härte des Metalls kann bei einer hinreichend dünnen, elastischen Schicht für eine Glättung der dem umlaufenden Band 14 zugewandten Seite der Papierbahn 2 sorgen. Die Rauigkeit der elastischen Oberfläche des Bandes 14 liegt vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,5 bis 5 µm. Die dann gegebene Glätte der elastischen Oberfläche des Bandes 14 kann sich als Glätte auf der Papierbahn 2 abbilden. Das Band 14 weist beispielsweise eine hitzebeständige Oberflächenbeschichtung auf, beispielsweise aus Silicon. Die hitzebeständige Beschichtung liefert eine hohe Verschleißfestigkeit und eine glatte Oberfläche.The band 14 is preferably made of a flat substrate provided with one or more elastic layers. As a carrier material high-strength plastic fibers, glass fibers or carbon fibers are used. Such a composite material has a high tensile strength. To increase the mechanical strength of the band, a support fabric or support band of the aforementioned fibers may also be incorporated. The circulating belt 14 may further consist of a substrate provided with an elastic layer, wherein the carrier material may also consist of a metal or metal strip. The hardness of the metal can, with a sufficiently thin, elastic layer for smoothing the provide circumferential band 14 facing side of the paper web 2. The roughness of the elastic surface of the band 14 is preferably in the range of 0.5 to 5 microns. The then given smoothness of the elastic surface of the belt 14 may be reflected as smoothness on the paper web 2. The tape 14 has, for example, a heat-resistant surface coating, for example made of silicone. The heat-resistant coating provides high wear resistance and a smooth surface.

Die Vorbehandlungsstrecke des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 dient insbesondere auch einer Vorglättung der Bahn 2.The pretreatment path of the web treatment nip 8 serves, in particular, also for pre-smoothing the web 2.

Das umlaufende Band 14 weist ferner vorzugsweise nur eine geringe Dehnung auf, die kleiner gleich 7 % beträgt. Die beim Einstellen der Bandspannung im Band 14 aufgrund von Zugspannung im Band 14 auftretende Dehnung stört dann das Glätten nicht. Das Band 14 besitzt mindestens die gleiche Breite wie die Bahn 2. Die Dicke des Bandes 14 hängt von deren Breite und Länge ab und kann zwischen 4 und 20 mm betragen.The circulating belt 14 further preferably has only a small elongation which is less than or equal to 7%. The strain occurring when adjusting the belt tension in the belt 14 due to tension in the belt 14 then does not disturb the smoothing. The band 14 has at least the same width as the web 2. The thickness of the band 14 depends on its width and length and may be between 4 and 20 mm.

Mindestens eine der Leitwalzen 11, 13 kann als Anpresswalze ausgebildet sein, die die Bahn 14 im Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 entlang eines Abschnitts in Laufrichtung L durch zusätzliche radiale Druckbelastung presst. Eine Leitwalze 11, 13 ist vorzugsweise ein- und/oder auslaufseitig des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 als Anpresswalze ausgebildet. Die radiale Druckbelastung kann dabei einlaufseitig niedriger eingestellt sein als auslaufseitig oder umgekehrt. Eine solche Anpresswalze kann eine Biegeeinstellwalze sein.At least one of the guide rollers 11, 13 may be formed as a pressure roller, which presses the web 14 in the web treatment gap 8 along a portion in the direction L by additional radial pressure load. A guide roller 11, 13 is preferably formed on the inlet and / or outlet side of the web treatment nip 8 as a pressure roller. The radial pressure load can be set lower on the inlet side than the outlet side or vice versa. Such a pressure roller may be a Biegeeinstellwalze.

Fig. 1 zeigt einen Kalander 1, bei dem das Band 14 die beheizbare, harte Walze 4.1 mehr als 60° umschlingt. Bevorzugt liegt der Grad der Umschlingung bei Werten zwischen 60° und 270°. Das umlaufende, endlose Band 14, das auch als Belt bezeichnet wird, wird durch drei Leitwalzen 11, 12, 13 in einer Schleife um die beheizbare Walze 4.1 geführt. Das Band 14 wird hier durch die Leitwalze 12 gespannt. Durch diese Spannung wird der Anpressdruck des Bandes 14 an die Bahn 2 bestimmt. Eine höhere Spannung des Bandes 14 hat auch einen höheren Anpressdruck der Bahn 2 zur Folge und begünstigt die Einebnung der Bahnoberfläche, d.h. die Vorglättung. Fig. 1 shows a calender 1, in which the band 14, the heatable, hard roller 4.1 wraps more than 60 °. Preferably, the degree of wrap is at values between 60 ° and 270 °. The circulating, endless belt 14, which is also referred to as belt, is guided by three guide rollers 11, 12, 13 in a loop around the heatable roller 4.1. The belt 14 is here by the guide roller 12th curious; excited. By this voltage, the contact pressure of the belt 14 is determined to the web 2. A higher tension of the belt 14 also results in a higher contact pressure of the web 2 and favors the leveling of the web surface, ie the pre-smoothing.

Die in dem Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 konditionierte Bahn 2 wird in einem direkt folgenden und mit der gleichen beheizbaren Walze 4.1 ausgebildeten Nip 3 sowie den nachfolgenden Nips, gebildet durch die Walzen 5.1, 5.2 und 4.2, endgeglättet. Die Linienlasten in dieser Nipfolge ist an die zu erzielenden Glätteffekte anpassbar. Mittlere Druckspannungen mit Papier im Nip von 2 N/mm2 bis 55 N/mm2 sind einstellbar. Die Druckspannungen im oberen Bereich des genannten Bereichs ermöglichen die Glättung hochwertiger Papiere, wie z.B. SC-, LWC- und MWC-Papiere oder holzfreier gestrichener Papiere. Durch eine direkte Anpressung der beiden Walzen 4.1 und 5.1, ohne dass ein Band 14 zwischen diesen geführt ist, ist eine exakte Profilregelung möglich. Eventuell vorhandene Dickenunterschiede des Bandes 14 aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen oder thermischer Ausdehnung wirken sich auf das Glättergebnis nicht aus.The web 2 conditioned in the web-treatment nip 8 is finally finished in a nip 3 directly following and formed with the same heatable roller 4.1 and the following nips formed by the rollers 5.1, 5.2 and 4.2. The line loads in this nip sequence are adaptable to the smoothness effects to be achieved. Medium compressive stresses with paper in the nip of 2 N / mm 2 to 55 N / mm 2 are adjustable. The compressive stresses in the upper area of said range allow the smoothing of high-quality papers, such as SC, LWC and MWC papers or wood-free coated papers. By a direct contact pressure of the two rollers 4.1 and 5.1, without a band 14 is guided between them, an exact profile control is possible. Any existing differences in thickness of the belt 14 due to manufacturing tolerances or thermal expansion do not affect the smoothing result.

Da die Temperatur der beheizten Endwalze 4.1 und die Länge der unter dem Band 14 gebildeten Behandlungsstrecke so eingestellt werden, dass im Wesentlichen nur der oberflächennahe Bereich der Bahn 2 erwärmt wird, entsteht eine Konditionierstrecke, bei der das Innere der Bahn 2 unterhalb der Plastifizierungs- bzw. Glasumwandlungstemperatur verbleibt. Die Dicke der oberflächennahen Schicht der Bahn 2, die über die Plastifizierungstemperatur gebracht wird, beträgt das Mehrfache der größten Unebenheiten der Papierbahnoberfläche. Die Dicke der aufzuheizenden Schicht ist somit abhängig von der Rauigkeit der zu behandelnden Bahn 2. Die Länge des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 und die Geschwindigkeit der Bahn 2 in Laufrichtung L bestimmen die Verweilzeit der Bahn 2 im Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 und somit auch die Eindringtiefe der Wärme in die Bahn 2 und die Schichtdicke, die auf eine Verformungstemperatur erwärmt wird.Since the temperature of the heated end roller 4.1 and the length of the treatment section formed under the belt 14 are adjusted so that substantially only the near-surface region of the web 2 is heated, a conditioning section is formed, in which the interior of the web 2 below the plastification or Glass transition temperature remains. The thickness of the near-surface layer of the web 2, which is brought above the plasticizing temperature, is several times the largest unevenness of the paper web surface. The thickness of the layer to be heated is thus dependent on the roughness of the web 2 to be treated. The length of the web treatment nip 8 and the speed of the web 2 in the direction L determine the residence time of the web 2 in the web treatment nip 8 and thus also the penetration depth of the heat into the web 2 and the layer thickness which is heated to a deformation temperature.

Die mit der Bahn 2 in der Grenzschicht mitgeführte Umgebungsluft verschlechtert den Wärmeübergang von der beheizten Endwalze 4.1 an die Bahn 2. Eine wesentliche Verbesserung des Wärmeübergangs wird durch eine Entfernung der Grenzschicht erzielt. Dies kann beispielsweise durch eine Kontaktstrecke für einen anhaftenden Kontakt zwischen der Außenwand der beheizbaren Endwalze 4.1 und der Oberfläche der Papierbahn 2 einlaufseitig vor der Bahnbehandlungseinrichtung 7 geschehen. Geeignet ist ferner das Andrücken einer Leitwalze 11 gegen die beheizte Endwalze 4.1. Durch diese Maßnahmen kann die störende Grenzschicht entgegen der Laufrichtung der Bahn 2 verdrängt und der Wärmeübergang im Bahnbehandlungsspalt 8 weiter gesteigert werden.The ambient air entrained with the web 2 in the boundary layer degrades the heat transfer from the heated end roll 4.1 to the web 2. Substantial improvement in heat transfer is achieved by removal of the boundary layer. This can be done for example by a contact path for an adhesive contact between the outer wall of the heatable end roller 4.1 and the surface of the paper web 2 upstream of the web treatment device 7. Also suitable is the pressing of a guide roller 11 against the heated end roller 4.1. By these measures, the disturbing boundary layer can be displaced against the direction of travel of the web 2 and the heat transfer in the web treatment gap 8 can be further increased.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine Kalanderanordnung mit zwei in Laufrichtung der Bahn 2 hintereinander angeordneten Walzenstapeln eines Kalanders 1. Hierdurch ist eine beidseitige Glättung der Bahn 2 möglich. In der gezeigten Kalanderanordnung wird zunächst die untere Bahnseite in den Nips des ersten Walzenstapels geglättet und anschließend die obere Bahnseite in den Nips des zweiten Walzenstapels geglättet. Die Temperaturen der beheizbaren Walzen 4.1, 5.2 und die Linienlasten in den beiden Walzenstapeln sind unabhängig voneinander einstellbar. Dadurch kann die Zweiseitigkeit der Bahn 2 bezogen auf das Glättergebnis (unterschiedliche Glätte der zwei Seiten einer Bahn) minimiert oder, falls gewünscht, auch eine gezielte Zweiseitigkeit eingestellt werden. Alternativ kann auch zuerst die obere Bahnseite geglättet werden. Fig. 2 shows a calender arrangement with two in the direction of the web 2 successively arranged roller stacks of a calender 1. This is a two-sided smoothing of the web 2 possible. In the calender arrangement shown, first the lower side of the web is smoothed into the nips of the first roll stack, and then the upper web side is smoothed into the nips of the second roll stack. The temperatures of the heated rollers 4.1, 5.2 and the line loads in the two roller stacks are independently adjustable. As a result, the two-sidedness of the web 2 with respect to the smoothness result (different smoothness of the two sides of a web) can be minimized or, if desired, a targeted two-sidedness can also be set. Alternatively, first the upper side of the track can be smoothed.

Fig. 3 zeigt einen Multinip-Kalander mit mehreren harten, beheizbaren Zwischenwalzen 5.1, 5.3, deren Durchmesser allesamt kleiner ist als der der oberen Endwalze 4.1, die den ersten Nip 3 begrenzt. Gleiches gilt für ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die untere Endwalze 4.2 den ersten Nip 3 begrenzt. Im Übrigen gelten die vorstehenden Ausführungen entsprechend. Die Anzahl der Nips und die diese bildenden Walzen wird durch die zu erreichende Glätte der Papierbahn 2 bestimmt. Fig. 3 zeigt einen Walzenstapel mit sechs Walzen. Alternativ kann der Walzenstapel auch 8 oder 10 Walzen umfassen. Fig. 3 shows a multi-pin calender with several hard, heatable intermediate rollers 5.1, 5.3, the diameter of which is all smaller than that of the upper end roller 4.1, which limits the first nip 3. The same applies to an alternative embodiment in which the lower end roller 4.2 limits the first nip 3. For the rest, the above statements apply accordingly. The number of nips and the rolls forming them is determined by the smoothness of the paper web 2 to be achieved. Fig. 3 shows a roll stack with six rolls. Alternatively, the roll stack may also comprise 8 or 10 rolls.

Gemäß einem weiteren nicht dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel kann ein zusätzlicher Bahnbehandlungsspalt an einer beheizbaren Zwischenwalze 5.2, 5.4 vorgesehen sein.According to another embodiment, not shown, an additional web-treatment gap can be provided on a heatable intermediate roll 5.2, 5.4.

Bei vorstehend beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispielen kann das Band 14 außerhalb des Bahnbehandlungsspalts 8 gekühlt werden. Als eine Position für eine Kühlung kann der Rücklaufbereich des Bandes 14 vorgesehen sein.In embodiments described above, the belt 14 may be cooled outside the web processing nip 8. As a position for cooling, the return area of the belt 14 may be provided.

Claims (14)

Kalander (1) zum Glätten einer Papierbahn (2), insbesondere aus tiefdruckfähigem Papier, mit mindestens einem Walzenstapel, der jeweils eine obere und eine untere Endwalze (4.1, 4.2) und Zwischenwalzen (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) aufweist, abhängig von der Führung der Papierbahn (2) eine der beiden Endwalzen (4.1) einen ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) des Walzenstapels begrenzt, und die Walzen (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) zur Bildung von belastbaren Arbeitsspalten in Form von Soft-Nips harte Walzen (4.1, 5.2, 5.4) und weiche Walzen (5.1, 5.3, 4.2) sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) begrenzende Endwalze (4.1) eine harte, beheizbare Walze ist, deren Durchmesser größer ist als der einer harten, beheizbaren Zwischenwalze (5.1, 5.3) und deren Außenwand (9) eine von zwei Kontaktflächen (9, 10) eines dem ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) vorgeordneten Bahnbehandlungsspalts (8) bildet, und die andere Kontaktfläche (10) von einem an Leitwalzen (11, 12, 13) umlaufenden Band (14) gebildet ist.Calender (1) for smoothing a paper web (2), in particular from gravure paper, with at least one roll stack, each having an upper and a lower end roll (4.1, 4.2) and intermediate rolls (5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4), depending on the guide of the paper web (2) one of the two end rollers (4.1) defines a first working gap (3) of the roller stack, and the rollers (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) for forming load-bearing working gaps in the form of software Nips hard rolls (4.1, 5.2, 5.4) and soft rolls (5.1, 5.3, 4.2), characterized in that the first working gap (3) limiting end roll (4.1) is a hard, heatable roll whose diameter is greater than a hard, heatable intermediate roll (5.1, 5.3) and its outer wall (9) forms one of two contact surfaces (9, 10) of a web treatment nip (8) upstream of the first working nip (3) and the other contact surface (10) of one Guide rollers (11, 12, 13) circulating belt (14 ) is formed. Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Bahnbehandlungsspalt (8) sich entlang eines Grades der Umschlingung der harten, beheizbaren Endwalze (4.1) erstreckt.Calender (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the web-treatment gap (8) extends along a degree of wrap around the hard, heatable end roll (4.1). Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das umlaufende Band (14) an der der Papierbahn (2) zugewandeten Seite eine elastische Oberfläche aufweist.Calender (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the circumferential band (14) on the paper web (2) facing side has an elastic surface. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Leitwalzen (11, 12, 13) eine Bandspannung des Bandes (14) zur Druckbeaufschlagung im Bahnbehandlungsspalt (8) steuern.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the guide rollers (11, 12, 13) control a belt tension of the belt (14) for pressurizing in the web-treatment gap (8). Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser der den ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) begrenzenden Endwalze (4.1) im Bereich von 1,2 m bis 2,0 m liegt.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the diameter of the first working gap (3) limiting the end roll (4.1) is in the range of 1.2 m to 2.0 m. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Durchmesser einer harten, beheizbaren Zwischenwalze (5.1, 5.2) im Bereich von 0,6 bis 1,2 m liegt.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the diameter of a hard, heatable intermediate roll (5.1, 5.2) is in the range of 0.6 to 1.2 m. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elastische Oberfläche des Bandes (14) aus einem Material mit einer Wärmeleitfähigkeit kleiner gleich 10 W/mK besteht.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the elastic surface of the band (14) consists of a material having a thermal conductivity of less than 10 W / mK. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens eine Leitwalze (11, 13) als Anpresswalze ausgebildet ist, die die Bahn (2) im Bahnbehandlungsspalt (8) entlang eines Abschnitts in Durchlaufrichtung durch zusätzlichen radialen Druckeinsatz presst.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least one guide roller (11, 13) is designed as a pressure roller which presses the web (2) in the web treatment gap (8) along a section in the direction of passage by additional radial pressure application , Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kontaktstrecke für einen anhaftenden Kontakt zwischen der Außenwand (9) der beheizbaren Endwalze (4.1) und der Oberfläche der Papierbahn (2) dem Bahnbehandlungsspalt (8) einlaufseitig vorgeordnet ist.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that a contact path for an adhesive contact between the outer wall (9) of the heatable end roll (4.1) and the surface of the paper web (2) the web treatment nip (8) upstream upstream , Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kalander (1) zwei Walzenstapel mit jeweils einem Bahnbehandlungsspalt (8) vor dem ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) aufweist.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the calender (1) has two roll stacks, each with a web treatment gap (8) in front of the first working gap (3). Kalander (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei dem einen Walzenstapel die obere Endwalze (4.1) den ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) begrenzt und bei dem anderen Walzenstapel die untere Endwalze (4.1) den ersten Arbeitsspalt (3) begrenzt.Calender (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that in one stack of rolls the upper end roll (4.1) limits the first working gap (3) and in the other roll stack the lower end roll (4.1) limits the first working gap (3). Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längen der Softnips wie der erste Arbeitsspalt (3) im Bereich von 3 bis 40 mm liegen.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the lengths of the soft nips as the first working gap (3) are in the range of 3 to 40 mm. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass alle Walzen (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) einen eigenen Leistungsantrieb aufweisen.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that all rollers (4.1, 4.2, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4) have their own power drive. Kalander (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Stapelung eines Walzenstapels vertikal, horizontal oder schräg angeordnet ist.Calender (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a stack of a roll stack is arranged vertically, horizontally or obliquely.
EP09008506A 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for smoothing a paper web Revoked EP2270279B1 (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL09008506T PL2270279T3 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for smoothing a paper web
EP09008506A EP2270279B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for smoothing a paper web
AT09008506T ATE541987T1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 CALENDAR FOR SMOOTHING A PAPER WEB
CN2010800295898A CN102713058A (en) 2009-06-30 2010-06-25 Calender for smoothing a paper web
US13/379,586 US8440054B2 (en) 2009-06-30 2010-06-25 Calender for calendering a paper web
JP2012518048A JP2012531536A (en) 2009-06-30 2010-06-25 Glosser for glazing paper web
CA2765128A CA2765128A1 (en) 2009-06-30 2010-06-25 Calender for calendering a paper web
PCT/EP2010/003900 WO2011000530A2 (en) 2009-06-30 2010-06-25 Calender for smoothing a paper web

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09008506A EP2270279B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for smoothing a paper web

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2270279A1 true EP2270279A1 (en) 2011-01-05
EP2270279B1 EP2270279B1 (en) 2012-01-18

Family

ID=41228415

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09008506A Revoked EP2270279B1 (en) 2009-06-30 2009-06-30 Calender for smoothing a paper web

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8440054B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2270279B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2012531536A (en)
CN (1) CN102713058A (en)
AT (1) ATE541987T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2765128A1 (en)
PL (1) PL2270279T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2011000530A2 (en)

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ITVE20130038A1 (en) * 2013-07-22 2015-01-23 Giorgio Trani MACHINE AND METHOD TO REALIZE A FIBER MATERIAL TAPE WITH HIGH LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL EXTENSIBILITY.
US10947668B2 (en) 2018-02-26 2021-03-16 David Pauwels Methods for preparing cannabis hurd fiber, purified cannabis hurd fiber, and articles containing the purified cannabis hurd fiber
GB2581358B (en) * 2019-02-13 2021-10-27 Ridgway Machines Ltd Pipe consolidation apparatus and method

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WO2001071091A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Multiple-nip calender and calendering arrangement
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FI116855B (en) * 2002-06-06 2006-03-15 Metso Paper Inc Arrangements for reducing roll nip
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EP0886695B1 (en) * 1996-12-06 2002-05-22 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Calender
WO2001071091A1 (en) * 2000-03-22 2001-09-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Multiple-nip calender and calendering arrangement

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DE102015200380A1 (en) 2015-01-14 2016-07-14 Voith Patent Gmbh Tape for a smoothing device, smoothing device and smoothing method
WO2016113040A1 (en) * 2015-01-14 2016-07-21 Voith Patent Gmbh Belt for a smoothing device, smoothing device, and method for smoothing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL2270279T3 (en) 2012-06-29
US8440054B2 (en) 2013-05-14
EP2270279B1 (en) 2012-01-18
CN102713058A (en) 2012-10-03
US20120103552A1 (en) 2012-05-03
WO2011000530A2 (en) 2011-01-06
WO2011000530A3 (en) 2012-08-09
JP2012531536A (en) 2012-12-10
CA2765128A1 (en) 2011-01-06
ATE541987T1 (en) 2012-02-15

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