EP2265762A1

EP2265762A1 - Method and device for energy management for electrical point heating

Info

Publication number: EP2265762A1
Application number: EP09737515A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Wolfgang Reinker; Bernd Fichtner
Original assignee: EAN Elektroschaltanlagen Grimma GmbH
Current assignee: EAN Elektroschaltanlagen Grimma GmbH
Priority date: 2009-04-07
Filing date: 2009-04-07
Publication date: 2010-12-29
Also published as: WO2010115436A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a device for energy management of an electrical point heater having a plurality of points, made of fixed stock rail and displaceable switch rail, and having distribution having control and detection of snow by analyzing the air temperature and precipitation, and controlling the rail temperature by means of a plurality of control devices for switching, controlling, and monitoring each heat outlet by reducing the installed electrical heating power that is in effect at the same time, by time-delayed and graduated power connection to the heating outlets.

Description

Method and device for energy management for electric point heaters

The invention relates to a method and a device for energy management of an electric point heater with several

Points, consisting of fixed jaw and movable tongue rail, and with an electrical distribution with control and several heating outlets with control and regulating device per heating outlet.

To avoid the freezing of points at low temperatures and ice and snow, they are heated by point heaters via electrical heating elements on the rails.

Such electrical point heaters are known from DE 198 32 535 C2 and DE 198 49 637 Cl and consist inter alia of an electrical distribution with control and regulating devices for switching, controlling, regulating and monitoring each heating output, a weather-dependent control, the ice and snow activates the heater and electrical heating elements on the rails of the turnouts, which are heated thereby and prevents freezing of the moving parts of the turnouts.

Snow and ice are detected by recording and evaluating air temperature and precipitation. If the actual rail temperature falls below a parameterisable rail nominal temperature; For example, + 4 ° C, the entire point heater is turned on and thus heated all turnouts with a delay caused by the mass of the rails. Via a rail temperature sensor on a guide rail, the rail temperature is regulated to a specific rail setpoint temperature in two-point or constant temperature control. In such point heaters, the switching on and off of all Heizabgänge by control and regulating devices takes place synchronously, that is, the power consumption is equal to the connection value when the heater is turned on and zero when the heater is turned off. As a rule, a heating outlet with control and regulating device is arranged for each switch in the electrical distribution.

From DE 100 43 571 Cl switching control and regulating devices for electric point heaters are known, with which energy through

Reduction of the control deviation by introducing a variable duty cycle is achieved with the heating switched on. Here, too, by means of regulation as a function of a rail temperature sensor on the guide switch time-synchronous switching on and off of all switching devices and thus all electrical heating elements.

From the study report 06-P-3408-TZF92-UN-0780 of the DB AG from 12.12.2006 are known attempts to save energy at electrical point heaters by additional thermal insulation of the cheek rails on the outer surface. When controlling the point heater with adjustable rail target temperature, energy savings were achieved by reducing energy consumption compared to heating with uninsulated rail. Furthermore, an energy management system for electric point heaters for reducing the simultaneously effective power is known, with which the individual points are heated in a time-shifted manner as a function of the need for their operational or contractual significance. Here, priorities are set for all points of a point heating, for example points with priority and subordinate priority, so that these points are heated alternately according to the priority. If the turnouts with priority priority have reached the rail target temperature, their power consumption drops. This power is then available for heating the switches with subordinate priority. The switches with subordinate priority reach the rail target temperature with a time delay. The prioritization takes place according to the importance of the points to be heated and can be adjusted. The disadvantage is that for switches with subordinate priority low power for heating is available and the rail target temperature is the same time-offset achieved. From DE 199 32 833 Al a method for controlling the overall performance of a power plant is known, in which the load profile and the shutdown and Zuschaltbedingungen the system determined to limit the total power consumption and a load schedule is created with the temporary shutdown of individual consumers the

Compliance with the reduced performance can be guaranteed. In this solution as well, consumers' current and established priorities are decisive for switching consumers off and on.

It is also known, all rails of a point heater at

Below a parameterizable specific air temperature, for example less + 3 ° C, to a low rail target temperature, for example + 2 ⁰ C preheat and with additional precipitation to a higher rail target temperature, for example + 4 ° C, to heat. A disadvantage is the associated increased energy consumption.

The present invention is based on the object, a method for energy management for electric point heating with multiple points and distribution with heating outlets and control and detection of snow in evaluation of air temperature and precipitation and detecting the rail temperature of the heated rail and with control and regulating device for switching, To provide control, regulation and monitoring of each heating outlet by reducing the simultaneously effective installed electrical heating capacity by time-delayed and staggered power supply of the heating outlets, with a reduction of the energy supply costs with equal priority and same operating temperature range of the switches and simultaneous heating of all connected points to the State of the art is achieved.

The object is achieved by a method having the following features.

The rails are insulated with heat insulation segments over the entire heated rail length, resulting in the same heat output an energy surplus, which has approximately twice the "maximum rail overtemperature insulated continuous heating" compared to the "maximum rail overtemperature uninterrupted continuous heating" result and within the entire operating temperature range of the point heating heating breaks caused by sufficiently large cooling times, in which compliance with the deviation of the rail temperature heated rail no heating is required. Several heating regimes with different numbers of equal priority groups are formed, for example heating regimes with 2, 3 and 4 groups, and the groups consist of one or more heating outlets, the groups of a heating regime have approximately equal power and are successively delayed and circulating Activated via group release and it is formed in each group successively equal time windows maximum duration and within the time window, the control and regulating a group on Heizberechtigungssignal activated and generate a heat pulse variable duty cycle as a function of the difference between rail nominal temperature and rail temperature heated rail, the corresponds to the control deviation. At the end of the maximum time or prematurely at the end of the heating pulse over Heizendesignal all control and regulating devices of the group, the current time window is closed and immediately activates the subsequent group, thereby the heating is in group mode.

The number of groups before the occurrence of a heat release signal, that is, when the heater is not active, depending on the maximum

Rail excess temperature insulated Continuous heating taking into account the ambient temperature by forming a reference temperature corresponding to the current lowest air or rail temperature unheated rail, and from the rail target temperature in the control is formed as follows

max.qad.dauθr _ -i <_ <max.gsd.last n e = N

^ should be ^ ^ Bez ^ SOlI ^"" ^ Bez where n is a natural element of natural numbers N

T _{max gβd} = max. Overtemperature insulated continuous heating

⁹ _soD ⁼ rail _setpoint temperature y _Bβz ⁼ reference temperature and a heating _regime with number of groups n is set and while a heating release signal, ie with the heating switched on, the number of groups depending on heat demand or heat surplus with group switching and set heating regime reduces the number of groups or increased by setting a different heating regime.

Specifically, this is done so that the number of groups during a Heizfreigabesignal, that is, during the heating of the heating until reaching the rail target temperature, via detection of the rail temperature heated rail of each group or switch and time constant formed therefrom and compared with the desired time constant and attenuated State of heating after reaching the rail target temperature, by detecting and evaluating the system deviation of the rail temperature heated rail at each group or turnout when exceeding a tolerance, the number of groups is also reduced or increased by one and thereby compensates for the disturbances wind, snow driving and additional heat of fusion for snowfall become. This is done in the time to reach the rail target temperature such that in a heat discriminator of the control and regulating device, the time constant is determined by detecting the rail temperature heated rail and insulated with the desired time constant is compared and negative number at a group of set heating regime the number of the groups is reduced by one heat demand signal by one and a heating regime with fewer groups is activated and with positive difference plus an adjustable tolerance in all groups of the set heating regime, the number of groups is increased by one heat excess signal by one and a heating regime with a higher number of groups is activated. In addition, in the time during the heating after reaching the rail target temperature such that the control deviation in the heat discriminator of the control and regulating device is detected and monitored and falls below a tolerance of about 0.5 ⁰ K in a group, the number of groups on heat demand signal one is increased, and increased by one heat excess signal when the rail target temperature plus a tolerance of about 0.5 ⁰ K over a certain time for all groups and the maximum time duration of the time windows of all groups by monitoring the limit of 100 / (number Groups +1) is respected.

The loss of time when switching on the heating in group operation with several groups is compensated by an additional type of heating preheating, so that the rail is heated to a preheating temperature even when the snow is covered. The formation of the signal is such that via inputs weather service or air temperature in conjunction with air pressure an additional signal snow covered in the control is formed, which generates in the control and regulating devices in the heating release additional Heizfreigesignal in snow cover and thus before the detection of snow and via setpoint switch a setpoint according to the determined

Preheat temperature is activated on the controller and thus the heating in group mode is up to this preheat temperature. When snow is detected via the air temperature and precipitation inputs, the setpoint value for the controller is switched to the rail setpoint temperature via the setpoint switch.

This ensures that in each heating regime in group connection when snow occurs, the rail target temperature is reached just as fast as in the uninsulated rail in continuous operation. The preheat temperature is lower than the rail target temperature and is determined over the preheat time taking into account the current lowest ambient temperature above the reference temperature. The reference temperature corresponds to the current lowest air temperature or the rail temperature unheated rail. The pre-heating time is the difference between the heating time in group mode and the set time constant of the insulated rail for group heating until reaching the rail difference temperature, ie the rail nominal temperature plus reference temperature, and the heating time uninsulated for continuous heating, which exceeds the set time constant of the non-insulated rail for continuous heating is determined until reaching the same rail difference temperature. The preheating temperature results from the heating with maximum rail overtemperature insulated in group operation and setpoint time constant insulated and determined preheating time plus the reference temperature.

To achieve the object, there is also a suitable for performing the above method means for energy management for electric point heating with multiple points and Heizabgängen with control and control and regulating device for switching, controlling, regulating and monitoring for each Heizabgang by reducing the simultaneously effective installed electrical heating power over time-staggered and staggered Leistungszuschaltung the Heizabgänge to reduce the energy supply costs at the same priority of the points and ensure the analog operating temperature range over conventional point heating by the fact that over the prior art in the control additional inputs weather service, air pressure and rail temperature unheated rail are present and several heating regimes with different numbers of groups of the same priority are formed, for example heating regimes with 2, 3 and 4 groups, and inn each heating regime, the control and regulating devices according to the performance of Heizabganges a group are assigned in a table over group number, so that the groups of a heating regime have approximately equal performance and before a Heizfreigabesignals, that is, before heating, in the control a heating regime with a number Groups selected from different heating regimes and during the Heizfreigabesignals, that is, during heating, in the control on other heating regimes with fewer or more groups is switched by formed heat demand signal and heat excess signal by monitoring the Time constants and the deviation of the rail temperature plus tolerance in a heat discriminator in the control and regulating devices by the number of groups is reduced by one if a group deviates or increased by one in all groups and the groups successively, staggered and circumferentially by forming variable time windows with be activated by group enable the same size maximum duration and within each time window by Heizberechtigungssignal in the controller of the control and regulating devices a heat pulse variable duration over variable duty cycles between 0 and 100% in response to the deviation of the rail temperature is generated and formed at the end of the heating pulse heating end is activated and via AND connection of all Heizendesignale a group or after expiration of the maximum time period of the time window, the next group via group release.

Another feature is that the control and regulating device forms over the additional signal Schneissdacht a Heizfreigesignal over the state of the art and setpoint switch the controller is activated with variable setpoint from determined preheat and in a heat discriminator during heating release in snow and snow covered

- A heat demand signal is generated when in the time to reach the rail target temperature, the determined time constant on the detection of the rail temperature heated rail is less than the desired time constant of the insulated rail or in the time after reaching the rail nominal temperature a negative deviation from the rail nominal temperature minus rail temperature heated rail plus a tolerance, for example, about -0.5 ° Kelvin, falls below

- A heat excess signal is generated when in the time to reach the rail target temperature, the determined time constant plus a parameterizable tolerance is greater than the desired time constant of the insulated rail or in the time after reaching the rail nominal temperature, the deviation of rail nominal temperature and rail temperature heated rail tolerance, for Example about 0.5 ° Kelvin, over a certain time complies and the heat pulse of the control and regulating device with the largest duty cycle is less than the duty cycle of 100 / (number of groups + 1) plus a parameterizable tolerance, for example, about 10%, remains in the control and the heat demand signal, the number of groups by one and reduced by the excess heat signal, the number Groups is increased by one and that in the control devices a determination preheat time with signal input reference temperature associated with determination preheat and the preheat temperature is guided to a setpoint switch, so that at signal snow covered and reference temperature, which is less than the threshold value of the air temperature for detection is of snow is about setpoint switch the controller of the control and regulation preheating temperature as the setpoint and that an emergency manager in the manner of a flasher relay with two outputs between power switching device of the control and regulating devices and several parallel inputs for practice jumper, watchdog and release loss, so that two groups of heater outlets with approximately the same power are alternately switched via the outputs.

Compared to the prior art with central rail temperature sensor rail temperature sensor unheated rail and in addition a rail temperature sensor heated rail is arranged for each group or turnout, which is connected to the controller of the control and regulating device via the power line of a Heizabganges not available Heizfreigabesignal and the rail temperature transmitted heated rail.

The process according to the invention is described by way of example below:

To achieve the object, a method referred to in the preamble of claim 1 is characterized in that by thermal insulation of the rail over the entire equipped with electrical heating elements baking rail length enlargement of the rail overtemperature even at minimum ambient temperatures auseichend large cooling times are achieved in which no heating is required and that in a distribution of point heating for each heating outlet for one or more switches a control and regulating device for switching, control and regulation is arranged, and all the control and regulating device with different heating regimes with different numbers of groups are assigned, so that the most even distribution of the power of the heating outlets on the individual groups within each heating regime takes place.

In the control of the point heater before heat release from different heating regimes with different number of groups a heating regime with the largest number of groups insulated, continuous heating, rail nominal temperature and lowest ambient temperature is determined and set by reference temperature for power limitation and during the heat release the number of groups over change of the heating regime in

Depending on the actual heating of the rail by comparison with default values.

The determination of the heating regime before heat release with certain number of groups to ensure functionality compared to conventional technique is done in the control by using the quotient of maximum rail overtemperature insulated continuous heating and the sum of reference temperature, which is the lowest current value of rail temperature unheated rail or air temperature corresponds, plus the rail target temperature, a number of groups is determined, with the appropriate reference temperature in group operation the

Rail target temperature is reached. Additional disturbance influences such as wind and heat of fusion for defrosting different amounts of snow are taken into account by comparing the time constant during heating up and the control deviation in the steady state by constantly checking the number of groups in heating operation during the heating release signal and adjusting it by changing the heating regime. he loss of time when switching on the heating from the reference temperature to the rail setpoint in group mode over the prior art is compensated by preheating the rail is preheated when snow covered or at very low air temperature by additional heating preheating. For this purpose, a variable and ambient temperature-dependent preheat temperature is determined and introduced which is lower than the rail target temperature and is so large that the insulated rail at the onset of precipitation and in group operation, the rail target temperature at least in the same time as the uninsulated rail reaches in continuous heating. The preheating temperature is determined from the preheating time taking into account the ambient temperature by the reference temperature.

The rail difference temperature at the current ambient temperature results from the rail nominal temperature less the reference temperature

ΔT rail = 9 should - 9 ref

The pre-heating time results from the difference between heating time uninsulated according to the heating curve of the uninsulated rail with continuous heating and heating time insulated from the heating curve of the insulated rail in group operation. before H. gedung H.unged

With daužr j

and inserting into the formula gives the preheat time required at the current reference temperature to heat the insulated rail in group operation to rail nominal temperature in the same time as unheated rail in continuous heating.

duration _J

The preheat temperature results from the preheat difference temperature plus the reference temperature. before before 'Bez The preheat difference temperature is determined by the heating curve of the insulated rail in group operation and the determined preheating time.

When inserted into the formula, this results in the preheating temperature at the current reference temperature

α

ΔT, rail = rail difference temperature

^ SOlI = rail nominal temperature ^ Bez = reference temperature ι H.unged = heating time uninsulated t H.ged = heating time insulated

'Max.unged.dauer = max. Rail heats r Temperature uninsulated Continuous heating 'max.ged.group = max. Rail tracks are insulated in temperature group operation

'max. duration = max. Rail track temperature insulated Continuous heating ^ ^" unged = set time constant insulation

Tged = setpoint time constant dampens

* ^■ before = preheating time

ΔT _before = preheat difference temperature

^ before = preheat temperature

In the control and regulating devices outside the heating release on detection of snow from air temperatures below + 3 ° C and precipitation over an additional signal snow covered heated release generated and from snow covered and reference temperature, which is smaller than the air temperature for detecting snow, the target value for switched the controller of the control and regulating devices to the determined preheat temperature, thereby preheating the rail to the preheating temperature. The Snow Covered signal can either be sent to the controller via a weather service or can be formed from the air temperature in conjunction with air pressure or by separate central or decentralized switching command. With appropriate detection of snow, the desired rail temperature is setpoint via setpoint switch in the control and regulating devices switched on so that the switches are heated to a rail setpoint temperature in the same time as in permanent circuit. After switching on the heater when snow covered or very low air temperature or heating request group operation takes place according to the determined heating regime with a certain number of groups and associated control and regulating devices such that each group regularly, one after the other, staggered and revolving over a group enable signal a variable time window with maximum Assigned time duration and thereby all control devices of the group receive a Heizberechtigungssignal and in each control and

A heating pulse is generated with a duty cycle between 0 and 100% in response to the deviation from rail nominal and rail temperature heated rail, and in each control and regulating device at the end of the heating pulse, a heating end signal is generated and if all the control and regulating devices of the group Heating signal have generated, is closed by new group enable signal, the time window of the group before the expiration of the maximum period of time and the time window of the next group is activated. During heating, the number of groups is continuously checked and, if necessary, the number of groups is reduced or increased by one by activating another heating regime.

The procedure is as follows: during heating until the rail nominal temperature is reached, the

Time constant of the rail temperature by continuously detecting the rail temperature heated rail and constantly comparing with the time constant of the rail target temperature and negative difference and a duty cycle of 100% of a group reduces the number of groups by one by activating a heating regime with fewer groups and during the Heating after reaching the rail target temperature, the control deviation is detected and in case of negative control deviation and falling below a tolerance of about 0.5 ⁰ K, the number of groups is reduced by one by a heating regime with fewer groups is activated and during heating after reaching the rail target temperature the deviation is detected and the rail nominal temperature plus a Tolerance of about 0.5 ⁰ K is maintained for a certain time and a heat pulse of the group with the largest duty cycle is less than the value of 100 / number of groups +1 the number of groups is increased by one by a heating regime with higher Number of groups is activated.

A suitable means for carrying out the method is by implementing the control with reference temperature generation, Heizregimebereich with Heizregimespeicher, Heizregimevwahl and Heizregimeanpassung and inputs for heat demand and excess heat signal and a group controller for generating Heizberechtigungssignale and input for Heizendesignale and additional signal inputs compared to the prior art rail temperature unheated Rail, air pressure and weather service and additional signal outputs Reference temperature, snow covered, heating, heating and by performing the control and regulation devices with determination preheat time, determination preheat temperature, heating release when snow covered, setpoint switch, controller, heat discriminator with outputs for heat demand and excess heat signal and execution of the Emergency Manager as a flasher relay with two outputs formed, with all signals between the controller and de n control and regulating devices via data bus takes place.

In the reference temperature generation, comparison of the negative air temperature and the negative rail temperature unheated rail, the formation of the reference temperature, which corresponds to the lowest current temperature.

In Heizregimebildung a Heizregimespeicher is present by the number, power and number of the control and regulation of each Heizabganges and multiple heating regimes with different numbers of groups form a table and each combination heating regime and control unit associated with a group is also a Heizregimevorwahl available in which, prior to a heating release, the determination of the maximum possible number of groups n is continuously carried out by comparison * rox.gad.dausr _ * <_ _< rnax.qsd.dauor ne N

^ should ^ Bez ^ soll ^ BeZ from maximum rail overtemperature of the insulated rail with continuous heating (Tmax.ged.dauer), rail nominal temperature and reference temperature is carried out and thus a heating regime with n number of groups is selected.

In addition, there is a heating regime adaptation, in which, if there is a heat release via the heat demand signal, the number of groups is reduced by one and the excess heat signal is increased by one. The signals heat demand and excess heat are formed in the heat discriminator of the control and regulating direction by monitoring the time constant during heating and the deviation of the rail temperature in the steady state and evaluating with set time constant or tolerances and transferred to the control. In the group control unit, the groups are connected so that a selected number of groups are activated circumferentially and subsequently via group release and the generation of heating authorization signals for the control and regulation device of a group and the reception of the heating end signals from the control and regulation devices at the end the heating signals takes place. In the determination preheating temperature is determined by determining preheating at reference temperature, a variable preheat temperature and setpoint switch the setpoint for the controller of the controller in snow covered and reference temperature, which is less than the threshold air temperature for detecting snow, from the preheat temperature or snow formed from the rail target temperature by switching. The same happens at very low air temperature. In a heat discriminator in the control and regulating device deviations of the actual heating of the rail are detected by determining the time constant and deviation of the rail temperature heated rail and comparison with target time constant and tolerance of the deviation and act on heat demand or excess heat signals on the Heizregimeanpassung the control by the number of groups each decreased or increased by one. In addition to the state of the art, heat release takes place when the snow is covered and thus additional heating mode preheating.

That a flasher relay with two outputs between the power switching device of the control and regulating devices and three parallel inputs for

Bridging switch, WatchDoc and release loss are switched so that the control and regulating devices are divided into two groups with approximately equal power, and are switched at an active input, the power switching devices of the control and alternately directly in a group circuit.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the following exemplary embodiments and in which:

Figure 2: Representation of the group circuit in heating regime with three groups Figure 3: Timing of the time window in heating regime with three groups Figure 4: Representation of the signal link for Group release of a group Figure 5: Determination of preheating temperature in group circuit Figure 6: Overview of a device for energy management

According to Figure 1, for example, a point heating with 7 control and regulating devices for seven heating outlets with Heizabgangsnummer 1 to 7 is present. Heating regimes with 2 and 3 groups can be formed according to the listed outputs of the heating outlets. The allocation of the heating outlets in the first heating regime with 2 groups results in a maximum power of 15kW and in the second heating regime with 3 groups a maximum power of 10 KW.

FIG. 2 shows the heating regime with 3 groups and the assignment of the control and regulating devices to the three groups with indication of the heating output number. The three groups are connected in turn via group sharing. Each control and regulating device is connected via Heizberechtigungssignal and Heizendesignal with his group. In FIG. 3, the time sequence of the time windows for each group in a heating regime with three groups is shown by way of example for a set maximum time duration of 30 seconds. First, the group 1 receives a time window and receive the Heizabgänge 1 and 2 according to Figure 2 a Heizberechtigungssignal and generate a heating pulse, not shown. Assuming that the rails of this group are already heated and therefore there is a small deviation of the rail temperature, the heating is done with a low duty cycle less than 100% and at the end of the heating pulses according to Figure 4 via the heating end signal and subsequent AND operation thereof via monoflop the generation of a single pulse, which resets the timer for the generation of the time window and thus closes the time duration of the time window of group 1 of Figure 3 before the end of the time window and thus before the expiration of the maximum period of, for example, 30 seconds and at the same time by closing Tor 2 the Group release generated according to Figure 2 for the group 2, so that no breaks between the time windows arise. FIG. 4 shows the signal combination for group release of a group. After group release of upstream group via gate 1, the timer is activated via the time window release and a time window is generated, which uses the OR operation with heating regime to activate the timer

Activated control devices on Heizberechtigungssignal and at the end of the heat pulse via Heizendesignal and AND operation and monoflop reset the timer, thus completing the time window, door 1 opens and thus the group is disabled and closes gate 2 and thereby forms group release for the downstream group.

The determination of the preheating temperature over the preheating time will be explained below according to FIG. According to the heating curve of the uninsulated rail for continuous heating, the set time constant of the uninsulated rail for continuous heating (set time constant uninsulated) is determined and stored when 63% of the maximum rail overtemperature is reached. In the further illustration of FIG. 5, the setpoint time constant of the insulated rail in group operation (setpoint time constant is insulated) when 63% of the maximum is reached Rail overtemperature insulated Group heaters determined and stored. In group mode, the activation of the groups takes place sequentially within time windows corresponding to the number of groups, each with a heat pulse, that is, each group is operated during heating and in the steady state via heating pulses.

At the current ambient temperature, which is represented by the reference temperature and is formed from the lowest current value of air temperature or rail temperature unheated rail, the rail difference temperature is formed from the rail target temperature minus the reference temperature. According to the heating curve of the non-insulated rail with continuous heating, the heating time is calculated uninsulated via the set time constant uninsulated at rail difference temperature. Corresponding to the heating curve of the insulated rail for group heating, the heating time is likewise calculated in an insulated way over the set time constant at the same rail difference temperature. The difference between heating time uninsulated and heating time insulated corresponds to the required preheating time, which is required with group switching with number of groups at reference temperature in order to heat the insulated rail to the rail target temperature at the same time over conventional technology. In the further illustration Determining the preheating temperature, the two heating curves are visible with displacement of the heating curve of the insulated rail according to the preheating time. The preheating time for a heating regime with a certain number of groups results from the difference of the heating time uninsulated less heating time insulated and the preheating difference temperature from the intersection of the left shifted heating curve insulated with the ordinate. The preheat temperature at the reference temperature for each heating regime is therefore the sum of the preheat differential temperature plus the reference temperature. Corresponding to FIG. 6, an overview of a device for energy management of a point heating system is shown. In the control, the inputs are according to state of the art and additional inputs rail temperature unheated rail, air pressure and weather service available. In the reference temperature generation, the generation of the reference temperature takes place. In the controller, a group control unit via Heizberechtigungs- and heating end signal with controller of the control and regulating device is connected, so that when a selected in the Heizregimebildung heating regime a number of groups circumferentially and subsequently activated. The Heizregimespeicher and Heizregimevorwahl affect the Heizregimebildung and snow covered or very low air temperature is activated by Heizfreigabesignal and Heizberechtigungssignal from the group control of the controller of the control and regulating device and generates a heat pulse and thus the heating of the

Power switching device switched on. At the end of the heating pulse, the indexing of the group control unit of the control takes place via Heizendesignal according to the description of Figure 4. In a heat discriminator of the control and regulating device are by comparison of time constant and control deviation heat demand signals in case of lack of heating

Rail and excess heat signals formed at excess heat reserves of the rail and thereby reducing or increasing the number of groups realized by setting a different heating regime in the Heizregimebildung the controller. The regulator of the control and regulating device is provided with a rail temperature-heated rail input of a group or diverter and an input setpoint. The setpoint can be switched by a setpoint switch depending on the detection of snow, very low air temperature and snow cover. In addition, the power switch on the controller may be connected in parallel directly via emergency managers with the hardware formation of two groups via the two emergency manager outputs. LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 group release

2 group

3 control and regulating device 4 heating permission signal

5 heating signal

6 heating impulse

7 heating regime formation

8 time window 9 time duration

10 setpoint

11 AND link

12 OR link

13 heating outlet number 14 rail nominal temperature

15 rail temperature heated rail

16 rail difference temperature

17 heating time uninsulated

18 heating time insulated 19 maximum rail overtemperature uninsulated

continuous heating

20 Maximum rail overtemperature insulated for group operation

21 Set time constant uninsulated 22 Set time constant insulated

23 preheating time

24 preheating temperature

25 reference temperature

26 air temperature 27 rail temperature unheated rail

28 Snow covered

29 precipitation

30 heat demand signal

31 heat excess signal 32 Heating enable signal

33 Heating release

34 heating regime memory

35 Heating regime preselection 36 Reference temperature generation

37 heat discriminator

38 goal 1

39 goal 2

40 Time window release 41 Monoflop

42 timers

43 preheat differential temperature

44 Maximum rail overtemperature insulated Continuous heating

45 Control 46 Heating regime adjustment

47 group control unit

48 setpoint switch

49 emergency manager

50 Determination of preheating time 51 Determination of preheating temperature

52 discriminator heating up

53 Discriminator steady state

54 number of groups

55 Group number 56 Heating mode Preheating

57 controllers

58 air pressure

59 weather service Formula names:

ΔTs _ch i _enβ = rail _{difference temperature}

'soll = rail nominal temperature = reference temperature H.unged = Heizzeitungdämmt ι H.gβd = heating time insulated

^■ max.uπged.dauθr = rnax. Rail overtemperature reduces permanent heating

'max.gad.group = max. rail overtemperature insulatedGroup operation max.ged.dauβr = max. rail overtemperature insulated Continuous heating ^τ uunnggeed = Set time constants insulated ged = Set time constants insulated

'before = preheating time

ΔT _before = preheat difference temperature = preheat temperature

Claims

claims:

Claim 1:

Method for energy management for electric points heating with several points, consisting of fixed jaws and movable

Tongue rail, and distribution with control and detection of snow by evaluation of the air temperature and precipitation and control of the rail temperature with multiple control and regulating devices for switching, controlling, regulating and monitoring for each Heizabgang by reducing the simultaneous effective installed electric heating power by staggered and staggered power connection the Heizabgänge, characterized in that the jaw and tongue rail of the switch are each provided externally and down with individual clampable and overlapping heat insulation segments throughout the length corresponding to the equipped with heating elements baking rail length and thereby at least the same long heating and cooling during heating Rail nominal temperature (14) and minimum operating temperatures are generated and that for power limitation, the control and regulating devices (3) one or more heating regimes, each with different A n groups (54) are assigned according to the power of the heating outlets, so that all groups (2) of a heating regime have approximately equal performance and each group (2) of a heating regime regularly, successively and circulating group release (1) a time window (8) variable and is associated with the same maximum time duration (9), in which the control and regulating devices (3) of the group (2) generate heat pulses (6) with duty cycle between 0 and 100% and the groups (2) of a heating regime over group release (1) in turn and that the rail temperature unheated rail (27), rail temperature heated rail (15) for each group (2) or switch, the air pressure (58) as additional data and weather service (59) are detected as an additional signal and that the set time constant the uninsulated rail for continuous heating, short unmodified set time constant (21), and the set time constant of the insulated rail for group operation with corresp ender number of groups (54), short nominal time constant insulated (22), on rail pattern determined and stored in the controller (45) and that a reference temperature (25) from comparison and selection of the lowest value of current air temperature (26) and current rail temperature of an unheated rail, "rail temperature unheated rail" (27), and when the heating is switched off, the requirement for uniform heating of all points with the lowest power at reference temperature is determined by determining a heating regime with number of groups (54) by the next smaller natural number from the quotient of maximum rail overtemperature of the thermally insulated rail with continuous heating, "maximum rail overtemperature insulated continuous heating "(44), and the difference between the rail target temperature (14) minus the reference temperature (25) is determined as the maximum possible number of groups and that when the heating is switched on with set heating regime with number of groups (54), the time constant and the control deviation over di Heated rail rail (15) is determined and that with the heating switched on during heating, the uniform heating of all turnouts with the lowest power at reference temperature by changing the heating regime between a minimum and maximum number of groups (54) by the number of groups (54) Changing the heating regime is reduced by one, if the time constant of a group (2) of the current

Heating regime is smaller than the setpoint time constant insulated (18) and increased by one, if the time constant of all groups (2) of the current heating regime is greater than the setpoint time constant insulated (22) and that when switched on heating in the steady state, the uniform heating of all points with lowest power at reference temperature by changing the heating regime between a minimum and maximum number of groups (54) by reducing the number of groups (54) by changing the heating regime by one when the negative control deviation of a group of the current heating regime is undershot, and one is increased if the control deviation of all groups (2) is maintained over a certain time and the maximum duration (9) of the time window (8) of all groups (2) of the current heating regime is exceeded and that a rail difference temperature (16) from the difference the rail target temperature (14) and the reference temperature (25) we formed d, which is a measure of the temperature range from the reference temperature (25) to the rail target temperature (14) and must be overcome during heating of the rail in continuous heating and group operation, and that a heating time uninsulated (17) from the set time constant uninsulated (21) at rail difference temperature (16) and a heating time insulated (18) from the set time constant insulated (22) at rail difference temperature (16) is determined and the difference between heating time insulated (18) and heating time uninsulated (17) corresponds to a preheating time (23), which is a measure of the additional time in group operation with respect to continuous heating up to the rail target temperature (14), and that a preheating difference temperature (43) from the heating of the insulated rail in group operation with number of groups (54), briefly maximum rail overtemperature insulated group operation (20), and set time constant insulated ( 22) and preheating time (23) is determined, which is a measure of the temperature range of the Reference temperature (25) up to the rail temperature heated rail (15) at the pre-heating time (23) during heating in group operation corresponds, and that from the sum of a preheat difference temperature (43) and reference temperature (25) a preheat temperature (24) is determined and that via a Input weather service (59) or from the air temperature (26) with or without connection to air pressure (58) an additional signal snow cover (28) is formed and thus an additional heating mode preheating (56) by switching on the controller (57) of the control and Control device (3) via heating release (33) and heating release signal (32) as well as by signal snow cover (28) and a reference temperature (25) which is smaller than the threshold value of the air temperature (26) for detecting snow, the desired value (10) of Controller (57) corresponds to the control and regulating device (3) of the preheating temperature (24) and in the case of snow detection the nominal value (10) corresponds to the rail nominal temperature (14),

Claim 2: A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is to be used in the same way for two-point control. Claim 3:

A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the method is used in the same way at low air temperature.

Claim 4:

Device for energy management of electric point heating with multiple points, consisting of fixed jaw and movable tongue rail, and distribution with control and detection of snow by evaluating the air temperature and precipitation and control of the rail temperature with multiple control and regulating devices for switching, control, regulation and Monitoring for each Heizabgang by reducing the simultaneous effective installed electric heating power by staggered and staggered Leistungszuschaltung the Heizabgänge, with which a reduction in the energy supply costs is achieved, characterized in that the controller (45) has a heating regime memory (34), in which each control and Control device (3) with a group number (55) is assigned to each heating regime and that in a Heizregimevorwahl (35) before a Heizfreigabesignal (32) a number according to the formula rrax.gad.dauer _ ■■ <- <max.qed.dauer n PN

from the maximum rail overtemperature insulated duration heating (Tmax.ged.dauer), the rail target temperature (14) and the reference temperature (25) is determined, where n is natural element of the natural numbers N, and this number n of the number of groups (54) of the set In a heating regime adaptation (46) during a heat release signal (32) with a heat demand signal (30) of a group (2) of the current heating regime, the number of groups (54) is reduced by one or if there is excess heat signal (31) of all groups of the current heating regime ( 2) the number of groups (54) is increased by one by setting a different heating regime with number of groups (54) and in a group control unit (47) all groups (2) of a heating regime are circulating via group release (1) and in each group (2) successively variable time windows (8) of the same maximum time duration (9) are formed, in which for the control and regulating devices (3) of the group (2) generates heating authorization signals (4) and after the maximum time period (9) of the time window (8 ) or heating signals (5) of the control and regulating devices (3), the current time window (8) is closed and group release (1), the subsequent group (2) is activated and that in a controller (57) of the control and regulating device (3) by Heizfreigabesignal (32) over duty cycle 0 to 100% depending on the deviation of the rail temperature heated rail (15) generates a heat pulse (6) of variable length and at the end of the heating pulses (6) heating end signal (5) is generated and this on the group control unit (47) of the controller (45) acts and that the controller (57) of the control and regulating device (3) via additional signal Schneedachtacht (28) a Heizfreigesignal (32) and an over So (48) switchable setpoint, which is covered by snow cover (28) and

Reference temperature, which is smaller than a parameterized threshold value of the air temperature (26), the preheat temperature (24) and when the detection snow, the target value is switched to the rail target temperature (14), and in that in the control and regulating device (3) a heat discriminator ( 37) with inputs reference temperature (25),

Rail nominal temperature (14), control deviation, rail temperature heated rail (15), set time constant insulated (22), control deviation and setpoint (10) is present and that the heat discriminator (37) contains a discriminator Hochheizen (52), the time constant by detecting the rail temperature heated rail (15) and determined with the

Diminished setpoint time constant (22) and compares with negative difference a heat demand signal (30) and positive difference a heat excess signal (31) and that the heat discriminator (37) contains a discriminator steady state (53), which falls below the rail temperature heated rail (15 ) a heat demand signal (30) and in compliance with the control deviation over a certain time and heating end signal (5) before the expiration of the maximum time period (9) of the time window (8) generates a heat excess signal (31), and that in the control and regulating device (3 ) the preheating time (23) for each heating regime with number Groups (54) according to the formula below

is determined and that in the control and regulating device (3) the current preheating temperature (24) for each heating regime with number of groups (54) according to the Form

v Q before = \ T ^■ max.ged.group 1 is determined and that an emergency manager (49) in the manner of a flasher relay with parallel inputs for bypass switch, watchdoc and release loss and one of two outputs continuously connected to a power switching device of the control and regulating devices (3), so that they switched in an emergency directly alternately become.

Claim 5:

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the control (45) and the control and regulating device (3) are designed with microprocessor control and software and are interconnected via a data bus.

Claim 6:

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the preheat temperature (24) is a difference to the rail target temperature (14) or a fixed real number.

Claim 7:

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the preheating time

(23) over the time course of the air temperature (26) is determined.

Claim 8:

Device according to Claim 4, characterized in that the groups (2) are controlled via time windows (8) with a fixed period of time (9) and the generation of the time window (8) in the controller (45) or the control and regulating device (3) can take place.

Claim 9: Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the device is to be used for two-point control.

Claim 10:

Device according to claim 4, characterized in that the device is to be used for low air temperature.