Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
  • B01D29/11—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements
  • B01D29/117—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor with bag, cage, hose, tube, sleeve or like filtering elements arranged for outward flow filtration
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D29/00—Filters with filtering elements stationary during filtration, e.g. pressure or suction filters, not covered by groups B01D24/00 - B01D27/00; Filtering elements therefor
  • B01D29/62—Regenerating the filter material in the filter
  • B01D29/64—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element
  • B01D29/6438—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element nozzles
  • B01D29/6453—Regenerating the filter material in the filter by scrapers, brushes, nozzles, or the like, acting on the cake side of the filtering element nozzles with a translational movement with respect to the filtering element
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D2201/00—Details relating to filtering apparatus
  • B01D2201/08—Regeneration of the filter
  • B01D2201/086—Regeneration of the filter using fluid streams co-current to the filtration direction

Definitions

• the invention refers to an apparatus and a method for the separation of suspended solids and colloids contained in liquids. It aims to improve the overall efficiency of separation systems by simplifying the cleaning and recovery of filter screen, and it is mainly conceived for water recovery and recycling systems and as a pre-filtration system for micro, ultra and nanofiltration as well as reverse osmosis systems.
• the increasing cost of industrial waste water disposal, induced by more and more restrictive national and European laws in terms of maximum concentration of pollutant in waste waters (both for surface water and sewage) is slowly but constantly directing industries to install water treatment and recycling plants of industrial water.
• the new filter system is conceived for the filtration of liquids containing suspended solids and colloidal suspensions. It can be used as a self standing filtration system with porosity down to 1 micron, or as a prefiltration system for micro, ultra and nanofiltration and reverse osmosis.
• the main objectives of the invention are:
• version "A” provided with centrifugal separator, described in fig. 1.
• version "B” simplified version without centrifugal separator, described in fig 2.
• version "A” provided with centrifugal separator, described in fig. 1.
• version "B” simplified version without centrifugal separator, described in fig 2.
• the device consists of three main sections, each of which is designed for specific functions and is made of several parts Washing system l .A: this section has the function of periodically remove the deposits that accumulate on the filter mesh during the filtration process.
• Filtration section 2.A this section has the function of separating the impurities from the liquid to be filtered.
• the size of the filter mesh can be adapted to the different applications.
• Centrifugal separation section 3.A whenever the typology of liquid requires, this section has the function to allow the lager particles contained in the liquid to settle before the liquid passes through the filtering mesh to increase the overall efficiency.
• the washing system l .A consists of:
• Washing liquid feed valve 1.3 it is a manual or automatic 2 way valve that feeds the washing liquid to the cylinder upper chamber 1.1. A, feeding the spray nozzles 1.14. A through the hollow piston shaft 1.9. A, and pushing the piston downwards at the same time 1.6. A.
• A it consists of the internal volume of the cylinder, 1.5. A delimited by the upper head of the cylinder 1.4. A, the cylinder wall and the upper surface of the piston 1.6.
• A it consists of the internal volume of the cylinder, 1.5. A, delimited by the lower surface of the piston 1.6. A, the cylinder wall and the connection flange with the filtering section 1.12. A.
• Cylinder head 1.4 it consists of a flange connected to the cylinder, a gasket and a closing counterflange provided with the connection for the high pressure washing liquid feed valve 1.3. A. It ensures the hydraulic seal of the cylinder upper chamber 1.1. A. - Cylinder 1.5. A: it consists of a cylinder with rectified and polished inner surface, within which the piston 1.6. A moves thanks to the pressure difference between the liquid contained in the cylinder upper and in the lower chamber. It contains the washing liquid and acts as a guide for the piston. It is closed by the cylinder head 1.4. A at the upper part and by the connection flange 1.12. A at the lower part. The connection flange is also used as a guide for the piston.
• a radial port 1.1 LA is placed to allow the flow of the liquid to and from the lower chamber.
• Piston 1.6. A it consists of a rigid cylinder placed inside the cylinder, solid with the piston shaft; on its outer surface the seat for the seal 1.7. A is placed. The seal prevents the flow of liquid from the upper to the lower chamber of the cylinder and vice versa.
• the pressure difference between the piston upper and lower surface makes the piston move: downwards if the pressure is higher in the upper chamber of the cylinder, upwards if the pressure is higher in the lower chamber.
• Piston shaft 1.8 it is a hollow shaft with rectified and polished outer surface. One end of the shaft is connected to the piston by a liquid tight connection 1.6. A, the other end is connected to the spray nozzles supporting head 1.13. A; the shaft moves through a hole in the connection flange 1.12. A provided with an water tight seal.
• connection flange 1.12. A it is a rigid ring that connects the piston cylinder to the filtration section cylinder 2.A. It has a coaxial hole for the piston shaft, provided with the seat for the water tight seal 1.10. A.
• Spray nozzles supporting unit 1.13 A: it consists of a hollow cylinder connected by a water tight connection to the piston hollow shaft 1.8. A; its hollow chamber acts as spray nozzles feeding chamber. Spray nozzles are installed in the lower face of the device.
• - Oriented spray nozzles 1.14 A: for this application flat pattern spray nozzles are used. The jet of water is directed radially to the outside and downward. A variable number of nozzles is arranged in such a way to create a flat and uniform jet of water all around the piston shaft axis (360°). The inclination of the water jet with respect to the axis of the piston is chosen according to the different applications.
• - Hollow shaft one way closing valve 1.15.A it consists of a disc provided with a suitable washer, that allows the flow of washing liquid from the cylinder upper chamber 1.1. A to the spray nozzles supporting unit 1.13. A, while preventing the flow of dirty water in the opposite sense. It is guided by a shaft and closed by a spring. Its opening occurs because of the difference in pressure between the cylinder upper chamber and the filtration section. Its application is not indispensable to the functioning of the filter washing system.
• - Piston return valve 1.16. A it is a commercial valve that connects the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. A with the piston return device; it allows a unidirectional flow to the cylinder lower chamber without limitation in flow to maximize the piston upwards speed. The piston return can be achieved by pneumatic devices or other methods.
• Piston speed control valve 1.17 it is a commercial valve that connects the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. A with the piston return device 4.A; it has the function of controlling the flow of liquid which is exiting from the lower chamber of the cylinder and consequently the speed of the downwards motion of the piston.
• the filtering section 2.A consists of:
• A it is a rigid tubular cylinder that contains the filter 2.5. A; on the upper end it features the connection flange to the cylinder, 1.12. A; on its edge an annular flange 3.1.A is placed, perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder, that connects the filtration section cylinder to the centrifugal separator cylinder 3.2. A; in the upper part of the cylinder, the radial filtered liquid outlet is placed 2.3. A.
• - Filter 2.5. A It is a cylinder 2.5. A made of a porous media. The flow of filtered liquid is form the inside to the outside. Each cylinder end is connected (welded or glued) to a ring 2.6. A coaxial with the filtration section cylinder; between each ring and the cylinder a radial seal is installed; the seat of the seals are placed on the external surface of the rings.
• A it is the volume between the filter mesh 2.5.
• the centrifugal separation section 3.A consists of:
• - Centrifugal separation cylinder 3.2 it is a cylinder coaxial with the filtration section cylinder to which it is connected by annular flanges 3. I .A. It is placed in the lower part of the filtration section. In the upper part of the centrifugal separation cylinder the feeding inlet is connected tangentially 3.4. A. The lower edge of the cylinder is connected to the widest side of the discharge cone 3.5. A. - Discharge cone 3.5. A: it is a cone that connects the cylinder to the discharge valve.
• - Discharge valve 3.10.A it is a commercial valve, manual or automatic, 3.10.A, connecting the discharge cone 3.8. A to the discharge manifold.
• the liquid to be filtered is pumped in the centrifugal separation cylinder 3.3.
• A thanks to the centrifugal force generated by the angular velocity of the liquid inside the chamber, solids with higher mass and higher relative density separate from the liquid and are pushed towards the external side of the cylinder
• the filter mesh stops the impurities having a size greater than the filter pore size that are contained in the liquid, which flows in the filtration section outer chamber 2.2. A and from here reaches the filtered liquid outlet 2.3. A.
• the constant deposit of impurities on the filter increases exponentially the resistance to the flow of liquid, until the filter clogs.
• the filter must be cyclically cleaned. That is the function of the washing system l .A, that is the most innovative feature of this self cleaning filter. It is common practice that in water treatment applications some kind of deposits (clay, vegetal substances, etc.) are very difficult to remove from filters using counter current flows of liquids or mechanical devices such as scapers or brushes, that might be even counterproductive.
• the washing piston When a mechanical, electrical or electronic device or simply the willing of the user determine the necessity of cleaning the filter mesh, the feed valve 1.3. A is opened (manually or automatically), the washing liquid, provided with suitable pressure and flow, enter the washing cylinder upper chamber 1.1. A and from here it flows through the piston hollow shaft 1.9. A to the spray nozzles supporting unit.
• the resistance to the flow of liquid generated by the nozzles transmits to the upper face of the piston, generating a force parallel to its axis that pushes it downwards.
• the contemporary vertical movement of the piston 1.8. A and the jets of washing liquid through the oriented spray nozzles 1.14. A are then achieved.
• the spray nozzles moving downwards, clean the whole filter surface 2.5. A removing the deposits.
• the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. A is connected to a pneumatic device 4.A: while the piston moves downwards, the internal pressure of the pneumatic device increases, slowing down the piston. When the piston has made all its own travel, the spray nozzles have washed the whole filter surface. Closing the washing liquid feed valve 1.3. A the pressure inside the cylinder upper chamber 1.1.
• A drops, because the washing liquid keeps flowing trough the spray nozzles 1.14.
• A, accumulated in the pneumatic device is now higher than in the upper chamber, and then the piston 1.6.
• A moves upwards to the starting position.
• the upwards motion speed of the piston is controlled by the resistance with which the washing liquid contained in the cylinder upper chamber flows trough the spray nozzles 1.14.
• a non return valve provided with a calibrated closing spring 1.15.
• A is placed at the end of the piston hollow shaft.
• the upward movement of the piston can be achieved by feeding water of compressed air in the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. A through a dedicated valve.
• the efficacy of the washing essentially depends on the pressure of the water jets and on the speed of the downward motion of the piston.
• the water jet pressure control is achieved by controlling the pressure of the cleaning liquid, or changing the spray nozzles resistance, changing the nozzles size; the piston speed control is determined instead by the difference in pressure between the cylinder upper 1.1. A and lower chamber 1.2. A, that can be modified by changing the pre-charge pressure of the pneumatic device 4.A or controlling the speed of the liquid that exits the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. A, through the dedicate port, if the upward movement of the cylinder is made by an independent pressure supply.
• the device consists of three main sections, each of which is designed for specific functions and is made of several parts
• the filter feeding chamber 2.B this section has the of conveying the liquid to be filtered towards the filtering section.
• this section has the function of separating the impurities from the liquid to be filtered.
• the size of the filter mesh can be adapted to the different applications.
• the washing system consists of: - Washing liquid feed valve 1.3.
• B it is a manual or automatic 2 way valve that feeds the washing liquid to the cylinder upper chamber 1.1. B, feeding the spray nozzles 1.14. B through the hollow piston shaft 1.9. B, and pushing the piston downwards at the same time
• B. - Cylinder upper chamber 1.1. B it consists of the internal volume of the cylinder, 1.5. B delimited by the upper head of the cylinder 1.4. B, the cylinder wall and the upper surface of the piston 1.6.
• B it consists of a cylinder with rectified and polished inner surface, within which the piston 1.6. B moves thanks to the pressure difference between the liquid contained in the cylinder upper and in the lower chamber. It contains the washing liquid and acts as a guide for the piston. It is closed by the cylinder head 1.4. B at the upper part and by the connection flange 1.12. B at the lower part. The connection flange is also used as a guide for the piston. In the lower part of the cylinder, close to the connection flange, a radial port 1.1 1. B is placed to allow the flow of the liquid to and from the lower chamber.
• Piston 1.6. B it consists of a rigid cylinder placed inside the cylinder, solid with the piston shaft; on its outer surface the seat for the seal 1.7. B is placed.
• the seal prevents the flow of liquid from the upper to the lower chamber of the cylinder and vice versa.
• the pressure difference between the piston upper and lower surface makes the piston move: downwards if the pressure is higher in the upper chamber of the cylinder, upwards if the pressure is higher in the lower chamber.
• Piston shaft 1.8. B it is a hollow shaft with rectified and polished outer surface. One end of the shaft is connected to the piston by a liquid tight connection 1.6. B, the other end is connected to the spray nozzles supporting head 1.13. B; the shaft moves through a hole in the connection flange 1.12. B provided with an water tight seal.
• B it is a rigid ring that connects the piston cylinder to the filtration section cylinder 2.B. It has a coaxial hole for the piston shaft, provided with the seat for the water tight seal 1.10. B.
• Spray nozzles supporting unit 1.13. B it consists of a hollow cylinder connected by a water tight connection to the piston hollow shaft 1.8. B; its hollow chamber acts as spray nozzles feeding chamber. Spray nozzles are installed in the lower face of the device.
• - Oriented spray nozzles 1.14. B for this application flat pattern spray nozzles are used. The jet of water is directed radially to the outside and downward. A variable number of nozzles is arranged in such a way to create a flat and uniform jet of water all around the piston shaft axis (360°). The inclination of the water jet with respect to the axis of the piston is chosen according to the different applications.
• Piston return valve 1.16. B it is a commercial valve that connects the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. B with the piston return device; it allows a unidirectional flow to the cylinder lower chamber without limitation in flow to maximize the piston upwards speed.
• the piston return can be achieved by pneumatic devices or other methods.
• Piston speed control valve 1.17. B it is a commercial valve that connects the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. B with the piston return device 4.B; it has the function of controlling the flow of liquid which is exiting from the lower chamber of the cylinder and consequently the speed of the downwards motion of the piston.
• the filter feeding chamber 2.B consists of:
• Feeding chamber cylinder 2.1B it has the function of conveying the liquid entering the filter to the filtering section. On the upper side it is delimited by the connection flange to the washing system cylinder, 1.12. B, on the lower part it is connected by the connection flange to the filtering section 2.2. B.
• Connection flange 2.2B it is a flange of other king of water tight connection (clamp, DIN) that connects the feeding chamber cylinder 2.B with the filtering section cylinder 3.B.
• Feeding chamber inlet 2.3B it is the connection through which the liquid to be filtered enters the feeding chamber.
• the size and type of connection can change according to the different applications.
• the filtering section 2.B consists of:
• - Filtering section cylinder 3.1.B it is a rigid tubular cylinder that contains the filter 3.3. B; on the upper end it features the connection flange 2.2. B to the filter feeding chamber 2.B. In the upper part of the filtering section cylinder the radial feeding inlet is placed 2.2. B. On its lower edge the filtering section cylinder is connected to the discharge cone 3.5. B.
• - Filter 2.5. B It is a cylinder 2.5. B made of a porous media. The flow of filtered liquid is form the inside to the outside. Each cylinder end is connected (welded or glued) to a ring 2.6. B coaxial with the filtration section cylinder; between each ring and the cylinder a radial seal is installed; the seat of the seals are placed on the external surface of the rings.
• - Discharge cone 3.5 it is a cone that connects the cylinder to the discharge valve.
• - Discharge valve 3.10.B it is a commercial valve, manual or automatic, 3.10.B, connecting the discharge cone 3.8. B to the discharge manifold.
• B it is the pipe through which the soil settled on the filter mesh during filtration is discharged during the filter mesh cleaning cycle.
• the liquid to be filtered is pumped in the feeding section cylinder, and then flows to the filtering section inner chamber 3.1.B from which it flows through the filter 3.6. B, thanks to the pressure difference generated by the external pump.
• the filter mesh stops the impurities having a size greater than the filter pore size that are contained in the liquid, which flows in the filtration section outer chamber 3.2. B and from here reaches the filtered liquid outlet 3.7. B.
• the constant deposit of impurities on the filter increases exponentially the resistance to the flow of liquid, until the filter clogs.
• the filter must be cyclically cleaned. That is the function of the washing system l .B, that is the most innovative feature of this self cleaning filter. It is common practice that in water treatment applications some kind of deposits (clay, vegetal substances, etc.) are very difficult to remove from filters using counter current flows of liquids or mechanical devices such as scrapers or brushes, that might be even counterproductive.
• the washing piston When a mechanical, electrical or electronic device or simply the willing of the user determine the necessity of cleaning the filter mesh, the feed valve 1.3. B is opened (manually or automatically), the washing liquid, provided with suitable pressure and flow, enter the washing cylinder upper chamber 1.1. B and from here it flows through the piston hollow shaft 1.9. B to the spray nozzles supporting unit.
• the resistance to the flow of liquid generated by the nozzles transmits to the upper face of the piston, generating a force parallel to its axis that pushes it downwards.
• the contemporary vertical movement of the piston 1.8. B and the jets of washing liquid through the oriented spray nozzles 1.13. B are then achieved.
• the spray nozzles moving downwards, clean the whole filter surface 2.5. B removing the deposits.
• the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. B is connected to a pneumatic device 4.B: while the piston moves downwards, the internal pressure of the pneumatic device increases, slowing down the piston. When the piston has made all its own travel, the spray nozzles have washed the whole filter surface. Closing the washing liquid feed valve 1.3. B the pressure inside the cylinder upper chamber 1.1.
• a non return valve provided with a calibrated closing spring 1.15. B is placed at the end of the piston hollow shaft.
• the upward movement of the piston can be achieved by feeding water of compressed air in the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. B through a dedicated valve.
• the water jet pressure control is achieved by controlling the pressure of the cleaning liquid, or changing the spray nozzles resistance, changing the nozzles size; the piston speed control is determined instead by the difference in pressure between the cylinder upper 1.1. B and lower chamber 1.2. B, that can be modified by changing the pre-charge pressure of the pneumatic device 4.B or controlling the speed of the liquid that exits the cylinder lower chamber 1.2. B, through the dedicate port, if the upward movement of the cylinder is made by an independent pressure supply.
• Fig. l shows the filtering system equipped with a centrifugal separation system called "version A”.
• the Fig.2 shows, instead, the filter without a centrifugal separation system called "version B".
• the single parts of both pictures are identified with appropriate codes (numbers. letter): the functions and the characteristics of each single component are shown in the description of the invention.
• the filtering part of the equipment in versions "A” with centrifugal separation system and version “B” without centrifugal separation system consists essentially of a lodging cylinder in which the filter cartridge is installed.
• the mesh of the thread establish its filtering mesh determing the separation cut off of the suspended solid of the filtering liquid.
• the qualifying part of this equipment is represented by the cleaning system of the filter mesh, composed by a single hollow cone nozzle, or in alternative by a group of nozzles with oriented water jet, placed at the edge of the piston hollow shaft, which is connected on its opposite edge to the piston that can move inside the cylinder, determining the alternated movement.
• the piston shaft is preferably made of steel, with polished finishing inside, with an indicative diameter of 70 mm, indicative length of about 1000 mm; the diameter of 70 mm is suitable for equipment for which is foreseen a liquid washing pressure of about 5 bar; for higher pressure (20- 100 bar and over) cylinders and pistons of smaller diameter can be used.
• One edge of the tube (cylinder) 1.5. A, 1.5. B is soldered, in axial position and perfectly perpendicular to it, on the connection flange 1.12. A, 1.12. B; on the opposite edge of the tube 1.5. A, 1.5. B is instead soldered a junction (type DIN, CLAMP or others) whose net internal diameter results slightly wider than the internal diameter of the cylinder (shiny tube) to allow the insertion of the piston.
• An a attachment (of the type DIN, CLAMP, GAS or otherwise) is soldered on the head of the piston closure 1.4. A, 1.4. B, linked to the cylinder, through which the washing liquid is fed.
• the plunger 1.7. A, 1.7. B connected to the edge of the piston shaft, 1.8. A, 1.8.
• the piston shaft 1.8. A, 1.8. B is obtained from commercial hollow pipe (indicative external diameter 30mm, internal diam. of 20mm) externally rectified, which slides inside the holding ring 1.10. A, 1.10. B positioned in the centre of the connection flanges 1.1 1.A, 1.1 1.B.
• the piston shaft is linked to one side of the piston plunger with an air-tight connection; on the opposite side a group of spray nozzles is screwed with an adapter on the external edge; a single hollow cone nozzle can be also used.
• the type of nozzles installed could be adequate to the conditions required and to the pressure of the washing liquid.
• All the other spare parts of the equipment, for example, the interception valves, pumps or similar, are of a commercial type and are adaptable to the various configurations and the various conditions of use.
• Industrial applicability The described equipment, in its various dimensions, represents a modular element that can be associated in series or in parallel to give origin to self-cleaning filtration systems of great capacity. It can also be included in complex and integrated treatment processes and can be managed automatically by evolved computerised controls.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Filtration Of Liquid (AREA)
• Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-03-07 IT IT000040A patent/ITTV20080040A1/it unknown
• 2009
  • 2009-03-06 WO PCT/IB2009/000451 patent/WO2009109852A2/en active Application Filing
  • 2009-03-06 EP EP09717860A patent/EP2262578A2/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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