EP2258146B1 - Systeme und verfahren zur led-steuerung - Google Patents

Systeme und verfahren zur led-steuerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2258146B1
EP2258146B1 EP09726563A EP09726563A EP2258146B1 EP 2258146 B1 EP2258146 B1 EP 2258146B1 EP 09726563 A EP09726563 A EP 09726563A EP 09726563 A EP09726563 A EP 09726563A EP 2258146 B1 EP2258146 B1 EP 2258146B1
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Prior art keywords
led
leds
pseudo
value
color
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Not-in-force
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EP09726563A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2258146A1 (de
Inventor
Eduardo Pereira
Michael Zimmermann
Yves Schenker
Adrian Betschart
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Tridonic AG
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Tridonic AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/20—Controlling the colour of the light

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to the generation of a light color by mixing a plurality of light emitting diodes (LEDs). More particularly, the invention is directed to the generation of a desired color and to the control of LEDs in order to obtain the desired color by mixing the light produced by the respective LEDs.
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • Prior art US 6552495 B1 discloses a control system for generating a desired light color on the basis of three red, green and blue LEDs.
  • the system comprises a sensor for measuring the color coordinates of the light color generated by the three LEDs.
  • a transformation module is adapted to convert said color coordinates to another color space. Reference color coordinates corresponding to the desired light and expressed in the second color space are provided by a further transformation module. Error color coordinates between the desired light color coordinates and the generated light color coordinates are then generated and fed to a driver module configured to generate drive signals I R , I G , I B for driving the LEDs.
  • Prior art WO 2006/109237 A1 proposes to solve this problem and to increase the CRI of the generated color by using an LED module comprising more that three different LEDs.
  • a fourth LED for example a white LED, the CRI index can be improved.
  • the reference value of the desired color has only three coordinates X, Y, Z, while four output signals have to be produced to drive the three LEDs and the additional one.
  • said prior art evaluates the position of the color coordinates of the desired color in the color space. More specifically, it is evaluated in which sub-triangle that can be produced in the color space by the four light sources the reference color is placed.
  • the color diagram of Fig. 6 shows an example with five possible sub-triangles delimited by the points P0 to P5. Then the respectively fourth light source outside of the sub-triangle containing the reference color point Px is switched off, which results in three light sources being easily controlled in view of a tri-stimulus input signal.
  • Prior art US 7315139 B1 discloses a light source including three LEDs controlled by a color controller with a color sensor including photodiodes for measuring the light generated by all three LEDs. Coefficients can be determined for a particular controller and set of LEDs by powering each LED separately and observing the signal from each of the photodiodes.
  • the addition of a fourth LED requires the addition of a fourth photodiode and bandpass filter to allow the intensities of all four LEDs to be monitored so that the servo loop will maintain the LED intensities at the desired values as the LEDs age.
  • the computational workload of such a system is significantly greater, which increases the cost.
  • Prior art WO 02080625 A1 discloses a system for controlling a RBG based LED luminary which tracks the tristimulus values of both feedback and reference whereby the forward currents driving the LED luminary are adjusted in accordance with the errors between the feed tristimulus values and the reference tristimulus values until the errors are zero.
  • a first aspect relates to a method for driving a plurality of at least four LEDs with differing spectra such that the superposition of the light emitted by the at least four LEDs results in light of a pre-set nominal color coordinate value
  • the method comprises the step of determining the drive value for each LED by multiplying the nominal color coordinate value with the pseudo-inverse of a gain matrix representing, in color coordinates, the light output of each LED for a given drive value.
  • Another aspect proposes a method for driving a plurality of at least four LEDs with differing spectra such that the superposition of the light emitted by the at least four LEDs results in light of a pre-set nominal color coordinate value, the method comprising the steps of:
  • the method may furthermore comprise the step of
  • the generated drive signals may be pulse-width modulated signals.
  • the method may furthermore comprise the step of calculating and storing for the superimposed light of the at least four LEDs critical areas of the color space, wherein the pseudo-matrix multiplication would result in a drive value of less than zero for at least one LED.
  • the pseudo-matrix multiplication step may be carried out only if said coordinate values are comprised in none of the calculated critical areas.
  • the method may comprise the step of measuring the gain matrix.
  • the measurement may be carried out in a start-up sequence while any feed-back loop is deactivated.
  • the invention also relates to a computer software program product, performing a method according to any of the preceding steps when run on a computing device such as e.g. a microprocessor.
  • the invention furthermore relates to an integrated circuit, such as e.g. an ASIC, which is designed to carry out a method a set forth above.
  • an integrated circuit such as e.g. an ASIC, which is designed to carry out a method a set forth above.
  • Another aspect relates to a system for driving a plurality of at least four LEDs with differing spectra such that the superposition of the light emitted by the at least four LEDs results in light of a pre-set nominal color coordinate value.
  • the system comprises means for determining the drive value for each LED by multiplying the nominal color coordinate value with a pseudo- inverse of a gain matrix, the gain matrix representing, in color coordinates, the light output of each LED for a given drive value.
  • the invention also proposes a system for driving a plurality of at least four LEDs with differing spectra such that the superposition of the light emitted by the at least four LEDs results in light of a pre-set nominal color coordinate value, the system comprising:
  • the invention proposes a decoupling method by using the pseudo-inverse of the gain matrix.
  • each of the four differing spectra preferably R, G, B, and any additional color
  • each of the four differing spectra can be considered independently from each other as the respective contributions from one color to the other color are taking into account by a compensation factor which is given by the pseudo-inverse matrix.
  • the four colors are switched on, without feedback loop and control, and via the color sensors the influence of the respectively four colors on the X, Y, Z coordinates are measured.
  • the pseudo-inverse matrix is set up in the startup sequence.
  • a PWM control is carried out.
  • the invention also comprises an additional aspect in which beforehand critical areas in the CIE coordinate system are calculated.
  • Critical areas are those areas where the pseudo-inverse matrix based control asks for contribution of a color of zero or even a negative value, which is physically impossible. If a reference color coordinate now is in one of these critical areas, the controller reduces the corresponding one of the at least for different colors to zero and then carries out the control using the remaining three using a 3x3 matrix mapping.
  • This aspect reflects the problem that using the complete pseudo-matrix approach for the decoupling, in these critical areas either an instability of the control can occur or it takes longer iteration steps for the controller to reach the target color coordinate, as the controller has to overcome the physical constraint that a color can only be reduced to zero but no negative value - theoretically computed using the method - can be achieved.
  • the CIE diagram will show a big portion in which, using the decoupling method, all four light sources or colors are active. At the border areas there will be the critical areas where one of the light sources or colors has to be switched off. Instead of the decoupling pseudo-inverse matrix, the simple three to three mapping will be carried out in order to calculate the control values for the remaining three other LEDs or colors. Actually, as in each of the critical areas one of the four light sources has to be completely switched off, a total of four 'alternative matrices' has to be computed. Actually, these alternative matrices are simply the complete decoupling matrix, in which one row corresponding to the color to be set to zero is entirely set to zero.
  • Fig. 1 shows a control system 1 according to the invention and adapted to control a plurality of LEDs so as to generate a given light or light color.
  • a control system 1 adapted to control a plurality of LEDs so as to generate a given light or light color.
  • four LEDs having different spectra can be controlled.
  • the four LEDs may consist in a red, a green and a blue LED together with an additional LED that may e.g. be a white LED.
  • the plurality of LEDs is advantageously assembled together in an illumination device.
  • the control system 1 is designed to map a nominal color coordinate to drive signals for the different LEDs.
  • the control system 1 is designed to control (drive) the at least four different light sources such that the superposition of the at least four spectra results in light having a preset nominal color coordinate with values Xref, Yref, Zref describing a desired color in the so-called CIE 1931 XYZ color space or CIE 1931 color space that has been created by the Commission Internationale d'Eclairage (CIE) in 1931.
  • CIE Commission Internationale d'Eclairage
  • the tristimulus values can also be defined and given in an alternative three-component additive color model like in the CIE xyY, the CIE L*u*v* or the CIE L*a*b* color space.
  • the reference coordinate values Xref, Yref, Zref of the desired color to be generated by the control system 1 can be stored in a memory or buffer 2 designed to store the color coordinates in the used color space which is here the CIE 1931 color space.
  • the memory 2 is connected to a controller 3 that comprise e.g. a PI-controller 4 and a pseudo-inverse multiplier 5.
  • the PI-controller or proportional-integral controller 4 is advantageously a diagonal PI-controller that is configured to output coordinate values cX, cY, cZ on the basis of the reference coordinate values Xref, Yref, Zref and actually measured color coordinates of the superimposed light emitted by the different LEDs, which measured color coordinates are fed back to the control system.
  • Alternatively other known controllers can replace said PI-controller 4.
  • the controller 3 is able to provide adapted control signals for driving the LEDs in order to achieve a desired color by mixing the LEDs outputs.
  • the control signals can be control voltages or control currents for the LEDs.
  • controller 3 defines the duty-cycles of pulse-width modulation (PWM) signals used to drive the LEDs.
  • PWM pulse-width modulation
  • the PWM control is preferably carried out in order to avoid problems caused by the intensity-dependence of the spectrum of an LED.
  • the output of the PI-controller 4 is fed to the pseudo-inverse multiplier 5 that multiplies the coordinate values cX, cY, cZ with a matrix M -1 being the pseudo-inverse or generalized inverse of a matrix M representing the influence of the respective four colors generated by the four LEDs on the X, Y, Z coordinates.
  • R G B A M - 1 ⁇ cX cY cZ with the matrix M -1 having the dimension 4*3.
  • the calculated values R, G, B, A can be used for generating the PWM signals used to drive the LEDs.
  • Said values R, G, B, A correspond to respective driving signals PWM R , PWM G , PWM B , PWM A for controlling the individual LEDs.
  • an additional LED driver module (not shown) can be integrated in the system 1 to generate appropriate driving signals PWM R , PWM G , PWM B , PWM A for the RGBA LEDs on the basis of the calculated values R, G, B, A.
  • the plant 6 comprises a multiplier 7 that multiplies the obtained R, G, B, A matrix with said M matrix, also called the gain matrix, in order to obtain the coordinate values X, Y, Z of the light generated by the four LEDs.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a startup sequence that is necessary in order to calculate the values of the pseudo-inverse matrix M -1 used in the controller 3.
  • the first step S1 of the startup sequence is therefore to measure the influence of the spectrum generated by the red LED on the colors generated by the other green, blue and white LEDs. Likewise the respective influence of the spectrum generated by the green, blue and white LEDs on the other LEDs is measured.
  • the four colors are switched on, without feedback loop and control.
  • the influence of the respectively four colors on the X, Y, Z (e.g. RGB) coordinates are measured via color sensors (not shown).
  • the measurement step S1 can be carried out at different moments.
  • the measurement will take place during or after production of the LEDs and/or during production of said illumination device comprising the LEDs.
  • the gain matrix M can be measured in a testing routine at startup or during the lifetime of the LEDs to take account of the possible modification of the spectrum generated by each LED. Most advantageously this measurement is carried out periodically during the lifetime of the LEDs.
  • control actions can preferably be the PWM duty-cycles for each LED, i.e. for each channel, wherein the minimum possible value for such a control action is zero.
  • the second embodiment now comprises an additional step of calculating S4 said critical areas in the CIE 1931 color space in order to avoid such time-consuming tracking.
  • Fig. 3 shows a control system 1' according to the second embodiment of the invention and adapted to control the output of four LEDs to generate a desired mixed light/color.
  • a memory 2' is adapted to store the color coordinates rx, ry, rY of the desired color according to the CIE xyY color space.
  • the memory 2' is coupled to a first xyY to XYZ transformation module 10 for converting color coordinate values from the xyY to the XYZ color space so as to obtain new values Xref, Yref, Zref describing the desired or reference color.
  • the output of said first transformation module 10 is connected to a feedback adder 11 that generates an error signal by subtracting coordinate values X, Y, Z generated by the control system 1', from the reference coordinate values Xref, Yref, Zref.
  • a PI-controller 4 similar to that of the first embodiment then outputs the values ⁇ X, ⁇ Y, ⁇ Z.
  • the color coordinates rx, ry, rY defining the desired color are also fed to a sectoring module 12 that has to verify whether or not the reference point defined by the coordinates rx, ry, rY is located within a critical area of the color space.
  • This module 12 also performs the calculation S4 of said critical areas and preferably stores the result.
  • a control unit 13 is connected to the output of the PI-controller 4 and to the output of the sectoring module 12.
  • the control unit 13 receives from the sectoring module 12 information about the location of the desired color within the color space and whether the desired color is located in a critical area of the color space. More specifically the information received by the control unit 13 can define that all four LEDs or that only three LEDs shall be activated.
  • the desired color is outside a critical area of the color space and the control unit 13 causes the pseudo-inverse multiplier 5 to multiply the coordinate values ⁇ X, ⁇ Y, ⁇ Z with the pseudo-inverse matrix M -1 of the first embodiment.
  • the control unit 13 causes a multiplier 14 to multiply the coordinates ⁇ X, ⁇ Y, ⁇ Z with a modified pseudo-inverse matrix that has no contribution for the LED to be switched off.
  • the system 1' also comprise the multiplier 7 of the first embodiment that multiplies the obtained R, G, B, A coordinates with the gain matrix M to obtain the values X, Y, Z that are sent to the feedback adder 11.
  • the values X, Y, Z correspond to the actual colors produced by the LED module and are detected by a photosensor (not shown).
  • the system 1' further comprise a second XYZ to xyY transformation module 15 for converting the values X, Y, Z into the xyY color space.
  • Figs. 5 and 6 depict a given color gamut in a xyz color space diagram.
  • the hatched area 50 corresponds to the critical area of the color space wherein the green LED is turned off according to the present invention.
  • the corresponding area of the color space wherein the green LED is switched off according to the above mentioned prior art WO 2006/109237 A1 is the hatched area 60 of Fig. 6 .
  • the transitions between the different areas of the color space are also smoother.
  • Another advantage is that, upon applying the method of the invention, the LEDs are turned off only when necessary.
  • the inventive controller 3, 5 can further store information about temperature and correct the driving of the LEDs accordingly.
  • the computing the pseudo-inverse may be performed externally to the LED driving system.
  • a calibration sequence can be done during or after production.
  • a computer which is not part of the system itself and which may be connected only for the calibration procedure, can control the system and define the light output levels for the LEDs.
  • the system can then set up a gain matrix representing, in color coordinates, the light output of each LED for the given drive values.
  • the (external) personal computer can compute the pseudo-inverse of the gain matrix, and could also compute the drive values for each LED by multiplying the nominal color coordinate value with the pseudo-matrix.
  • the computed results can then be stored in the system, for example in the controller 3 or the memory 2.
  • the computing can be done partly in the personal computer, but it can be also done partly or completely within the system itself. While performing parts of the computing outside of the system, the demand on the controller 3 capabilities may be reduced.

Claims (20)

  1. Verfahren zur Ansteuerung einer Vielzahl aus wenigstens vier LEDs mit unterschiedlichen Spektren derart, dass die Überlagerung des durch die wenigstens vier LEDs emittierten Lichtes Licht eines vorbestimmten Soll-Farbkoordinatenwertes ergibt, wobei das Verfahren den Schritt des Ermittelns des Ansteuerwertes für jede LED umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schritt des Ermittelns des Ansteuerwerts für jede LED ausgeführt wird durch Multiplizieren des Soll-Farbkoordinatenwerts mit der Pseudoinversen (M-1) einer Pegelmatrix (M), die in Farbkoordinaten die Lichtabgabe jeder LED für einen gegebenen Ansteuerwert angibt.
  2. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei das Verfahren die folgenden Schritte aufweist:
    - Aufstellen einer Pegelmatrix, die in Farbkoordinaten die Lichtabgabe jeder LED für einen gegebenen Ansteuerwert angibt,
    - Berechnen (S2) der Pseudoinversen der Pegelmatrix, und
    - Berechnen des Ansteuerwertes für jede LED durch Multiplizieren des Soll-Farbkoordinatenwertes mit der pseudoinversen Matrix.
  3. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2,
    umfassend den Schritt des
    - Messens der Farbkoordinate des durch die wenigstens vier LEDs erzeugten Lichtes, und
    - Berechnens des Ansteuerwertes für jede LED durch Multiplizieren eines Wertes, welcher eine Funktion des Soll-Farbkoordinatenwerts ist, und des tatsächlich gemessenen Wertes mit der Pseudomatrix.
  4. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die erzeugten Ansteuersignale (PWMR, PWMG, PWMB, PWMA) Impulsbreiten-Modulationssignale sind.
  5. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3 oder 4,
    welches das Berechnen (S4) der kritischen Bereiche des Farbraums, wobei die Pseudomatrix-Multiplikation in einem Ansteuerwert von weniger als Null für wenigstens eine LED resultieren würde, für das überlagerte Licht der wenigstens vier LEDs umfasst.
  6. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5,
    wobei der Pseudomatrix-Multiplikationsschritt nur durchgeführt wird, falls die Koordinatenwerte in keinem der kritischen Bereiche enthalten sind.
  7. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 5 oder 6,
    wobei irgendeine LED, für welche die Pseudoinverse-Multiplikation in einem negativen Steuerwert resultieren würde, ausgeschaltet wird.
  8. Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche,
    das den Schritt des Messens (S1) der Pegelmatrix (M) umfasst.
  9. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 8,
    wobei die Messung in einer Startsequenz, während eine Rückkopplungsschleife deaktiviert ist, durchgeführt wird.
  10. Computersoftware-Programmprodukt, welches ein Verfahren gemäß einem der vorhergehenden Schritte durchführt, wenn es auf einer Rechenvorrichtung, wie beispielsweise einem Mikroprozessor, ausgeführt wird.
  11. Integrierte Schaltung, wie beispielsweise eine ASIC, welche ausgelegt ist, das Verfahren gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 durchzuführen.
  12. Anordnung (1) zur Ansteuerung einer Vielzahl aus wenigstens vier LEDs mit unterschiedlichen Spektren derart, dass die Überlagerung des durch die wenigstens vier LEDs emittierten Lichtes in Licht eines vorbestimmten Soll-Farbkoordinatenwertes resultiert, wobei die Anordnung Mittel zur Ermittlung des Ansteuerwertes für jede LED umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel ausgelegt sind, den Ansteuerwert für jede LED durch Multiplizieren des Soll-Farbkoordinatenwerts mit einer Pseudoinversen (M-1) einer Pegelmatrix (M), die in Farbkoordinaten die Lichtabgabe jeder LED für einen gegebenen Ansteuerwert angibt, zu bestimmen.
  13. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 12,
    umfassend:
    - Farbsensoren zum Messen der Farbkoordinate des durch die wenigstens vier LEDs erzeugten Lichtes, und
    - Mittel zum Berechnen des Ansteuerwertes für jede LED durch Multiplizieren eines Wertes, welcher eine Funktion des Soll-Farbkoordinatenwerts ist, und des tatsächlich gemessenen Wertes mit der Pseudomatrix.
  14. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 12 oder 13,
    umfassend eine PWM-Ansteuereinheit, der die Ansteuerwerte zugeführt werden und die eine PWM-Ansteuerung der LEDs durchführt, wobei das Tastverhältnis der PWM-Ansteuerung von den zugeführten Ansteuerwerten abhängt.
  15. Anordnung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14,
    umfassend Mittel zur Speicherung der kritischen Bereiche des Farbraums, wobei die Pseudomatrix-Multiplikation in einem Ansteuerwert von weniger als Null für wenigstens eine LED resultieren würde, für das überlagerte Licht der wenigstens vier LEDs.
  16. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 15,
    welche dazu ausgelegt ist, den Pseudomatrix-Multiplikationsschritt nur durchzuführen, falls die Koordinatenwerte von keinem der berechneten kritischen Bereiche enthalten sind.
  17. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 15 oder 16,
    wobei irgendeine LED, für welche die Pseudoinverse-Multiplikation in einem negativen Steuerwert resultieren würde, ausgeschaltet wird.
  18. Anordnung gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 12 bis 17,
    umfassend Mittel zum Messen (S 1) der Pegelmatrix (M).
  19. Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 18,
    die ausgelegt ist, um die Messung der Pegelmatrix in einer Startsequenz, während irgendeine Rückkopplungsschleife deaktiviert ist, durchzuführen.
  20. Anordnung gemäß irgendeinem der Ansprüche 12 bis 19,
    bei der wenigstens ein Teil der Berechnung außerhalb der Anordnung selbst durchgeführt wird.
EP09726563A 2008-03-31 2009-03-30 Systeme und verfahren zur led-steuerung Not-in-force EP2258146B1 (de)

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DE102008016756A DE102008016756A1 (de) 2008-03-31 2008-03-31 Anordnung und Verfahren zur Steuerung von LEDs
PCT/EP2009/002296 WO2009121539A1 (en) 2008-03-31 2009-03-30 System and method for controlling leds

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EP2258146A1 EP2258146A1 (de) 2010-12-08
EP2258146B1 true EP2258146B1 (de) 2012-05-23

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WO2009121539A1 (en) 2009-10-08
DE102008016756A1 (de) 2009-10-01

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