EP2255398A1 - Device for spraying, method therefor and organic electronic construction element - Google Patents
Device for spraying, method therefor and organic electronic construction elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP2255398A1 EP2255398A1 EP09721503A EP09721503A EP2255398A1 EP 2255398 A1 EP2255398 A1 EP 2255398A1 EP 09721503 A EP09721503 A EP 09721503A EP 09721503 A EP09721503 A EP 09721503A EP 2255398 A1 EP2255398 A1 EP 2255398A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- spraying
- layer
- organic
- substrate
- spray
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000006199 nebulizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012044 organic layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 abstract description 13
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N [60]pcbm Chemical compound C123C(C4=C5C6=C7C8=C9C%10=C%11C%12=C%13C%14=C%15C%16=C%17C%18=C(C=%19C=%20C%18=C%18C%16=C%13C%13=C%11C9=C9C7=C(C=%20C9=C%13%18)C(C7=%19)=C96)C6=C%11C%17=C%15C%13=C%15C%14=C%12C%12=C%10C%10=C85)=C9C7=C6C2=C%11C%13=C2C%15=C%12C%10=C4C23C1(CCCC(=O)OC)C1=CC=CC=C1 MCEWYIDBDVPMES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920001467 poly(styrenesulfonates) Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 238000010345 tape casting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920001002 functional polymer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000005525 hole transport Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920001609 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 3
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005669 field effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000879 optical micrograph Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013086 organic photovoltaic Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl) 4-pyren-1-ylbutanoate Chemical compound C=1C=C(C2=C34)C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C2C=1CCCC(=O)ON1C(=O)CCC1=O YBNMDCCMCLUHBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004613 CdTe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000109 alkoxy-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium(2+);selenium(2-) Chemical compound [Se-2].[Cd+2] UHYPYGJEEGLRJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZINJLDJMHCUBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethametsulfuron-methyl Chemical compound CCOC1=NC(NC)=NC(NC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C=2C(=CC=CC=2)C(=O)OC)=N1 ZINJLDJMHCUBIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007646 gravure printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011344 liquid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002159 nanocrystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005535 overpotential deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000264 poly(3',7'-dimethyloctyloxy phenylene vinylene) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000123 polythiophene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002096 quantum dot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009718 spray deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007704 wet chemistry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
- B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
- B82Y10/00—Nanotechnology for information processing, storage or transmission, e.g. quantum computing or single electron logic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/30—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation comprising bulk heterojunctions, e.g. interpenetrating networks of donor and acceptor material domains
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
- H10K71/13—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating using printing techniques, e.g. ink-jet printing or screen printing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/20—Carbon compounds, e.g. carbon nanotubes or fullerenes
- H10K85/211—Fullerenes, e.g. C60
- H10K85/215—Fullerenes, e.g. C60 comprising substituents, e.g. PCBM
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/34—Applying different liquids or other fluent materials simultaneously
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K30/00—Organic devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation
- H10K30/50—Photovoltaic [PV] devices
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/10—Organic polymers or oligomers
- H10K85/111—Organic polymers or oligomers comprising aromatic, heteroaromatic, or aryl chains, e.g. polyaniline, polyphenylene or polyphenylene vinylene
- H10K85/113—Heteroaromatic compounds comprising sulfur or selene, e.g. polythiophene
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- Spraying apparatus method and organic electronic component.
- the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for spraying layers of organic components.
- the invention relates to a spraying of layers of several components, which are not solvable, for example, in the same solvent.
- Spray coating serves as a low-cost polymer coating method for producing electronic components, such as solar cells or organic-based photodiodes, such as, for example, WO 2003/107453 and the publication by Doojin Vak, Seok-Soon Kim, Jang Jo, Seung-Hwan Oh , Seok-In Na, Juhwan Kim, and Dong-Yu Kima "Fabrication of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells by a spray deposition method for low-cost power generation", APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS 91, 081102 (2007). Particularly in the field of solar cells and photodetectors, the efficiencies were drastically enhanced by the combination of a donor material (absorber and hole transport component) and an acceptor material (electron acceptor and transport component) in the photoactive layer of the device. This active
- the bulk heterojunction solution can be applied to the substrate using cost-effective methods such as spin coating, blade coating, slit coating, dip coating, inkjet printing, doctor blading and gravure printing muster.
- Another common problem is the production of multi-layered multilayers which are soluble in the same solvent.
- the aforementioned coating methods can unfortunately not be used since the application of a layer dissolves the underlying layer, since the material forming the following layer is in the layer same solvent is applied.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device and a method with which a plurality of components in different or the same solvents can be sprayed onto a substrate, thicker layers and / or multiple layers simultaneously.
- the object of the invention and solution of the problem is therefore an apparatus for spraying a flat substrate, a nebulizer, a reservoir and a holder comprising, wherein the device has at least two reservoir and / or the atomizer at least two spray heads and / or the device for multiple spraying the same chen surface is designed.
- the invention likewise provides a method for spraying a planar substrate, in which at least two spray heads spray different or identical spraying means on one or the same surface or a spray head sprays the same surface several times.
- the subject matter of the invention is an organic electronic component comprising a substrate, a lower electrode, an organic active layer with an upper electrode above it, wherein the photoconductive organic layer in the form of a bulk heterojunction by means of a device according to the invention or a method according to Invention is available.
- a device for multiple spraying the same area is designed when the reservoir is disproportionately large compared to the surface to be sprayed, it is advantageous if the reservoir is fixed and the spray heads are supplied by a supply line, which can also be flexible .
- a device for multiple spraying of the same area is designed when the holder is connected to a mechanism by which the spray head is always automatically reciprocated or when the rollers are so laid out in a roll-to-roll spraying process in that a surface can be pulled back and forth several times under the device for spraying.
- the rollers of the system are then designed so that they can rotate the continuous strip being sprayed in both directions. So the substrate is carried out several times under the spray nozzle. This makes it possible for any layer thicknesses to be applied by the functional polymers of the component in a coating process step.
- a nebulizer is a part of a device for spraying, in which the spraying agent is atomized by supplying gas, in particular ambient air, with or without a compressor.
- a conventional atomizer has only one firmly fixed spray head, whereby according to the invention will suggest that multiple spray heads fed from different or the same reservoir (s) form the atomizer.
- the geometric arrangement of the spray heads in the atomizer can be arbitrary, for example, the spray heads can be arranged in the atomizer circular or semicircular. Particularly preferred is the embodiment in which the spray heads are arbitrarily switched on and off and / or the spray heads are fixable in different positions.
- the spray heads are arranged to be movable in the atomizer, so that the orientation and / or the position of the spray heads relative to the surface to be sprayed is variable.
- the same spraying agents are applied with different spray heads, so that thick layers are formed.
- the application of the functional polymers by means of this "multiple" spraying process allows the production of layers of any desired thickness and can be integrated in high-throughput applications, such as roll-to-roll processes.
- organic electronic devices as they are the subject of the invention, for example, fully spray-coated solar cells, organic field effect transistors, organic capacitors, electrochromic organic components, organic light-emitting diodes or organic photodiodes can be produced.
- the layer thickness of the hole conductor and the semiconducting absorber material can be varied variably with spray coating. Thicker layers mean higher absorption of the incident radiation, resulting in higher efficiencies and, in the case of organic photodiodes, lower dark currents.
- different spraying agents are fed into the individual spray heads of the device, so that it is possible to form a layer comprising a plurality of components, for example in different solvents.
- the spray heads are arranged semicircular.
- the ideal spray line is the perpendicular to the substrate to be sprayed, so that the spray heads are arranged as close as possible to this line.
- the spray heads are fixed and the substrate to be sprayed is moved under the spray heads.
- the semiconductor solutions can be applied by methods such as spin coating, blade coating, south coating, dip coating, spray coating.
- components can also be realized on flexible substrates (eg PET, PES, PEN) for large-scale applications such as organic solar cells.
- flexible substrates eg PET, PES, PEN
- a hole conductor such as poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonate) (abbreviated to PEDOT: PSS) is used as the intermediate layer (between the anode and the bulk heterojunction) PEDOT: PSS usually applied to the bottom electrode (anode) in order to smooth the surface and to optimize carrier injection or extraction (depending on whether it is a light-emitting diode or a solar cell or a photodiode), and this hole transport layer is also used or Electron blocking layer as a "buffer” layer to avoid short circuits by possible “spikes" in the bottom electrode.
- PEDOT poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) -poly (styrenesulfonate)
- PEDOT: PSS usually applied to the bottom electrode (anode) in order to smooth the surface and to optimize carrier injection or extraction (depending on whether it is a light-emitting diode or a solar cell or a photodi
- the PEDOT: PSS layer has usually been applied by spin coating or doctorblading methods and with layer thicknesses in the range of 80-120 nm.
- the reason for this is the maintenance of a low surface roughness of the electrode in order to avoid possible short circuits.
- spin coating and doctor blading have the disadvantage that only thin layers of the intermediate layer can be applied.
- the photoactive BHJ layer has been applied so far only with the above-mentioned methods.
- the production of a thicker layer is even more important because it ensures a higher absorption of the incident radiation.
- a thicker BHJ layer is particularly valuable and also reduces the dark current.
- Thicker layers (> 100 ⁇ m) are also advantageous for X-ray detection, as already known from the still unpublished DE 10 2008 029 782.8.
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment of a device for
- FIG. 2 a shows a further embodiment of the device for spraying, wherein, for example, a hole conductor layer made of PEDOT: PSS or a thick layer can be achieved by multiple spraying with the same spraying agent,
- Figure 2b shows the principle of multiple spray coating with a spray gun
- FIG. 3 shows an exemplary structure of an organic photodiode.
- FIG. 4 shows a current / voltage curve of a component whose organic active layer has been produced using an atomizer which simultaneously sprays the same area with several spray heads.
- FIG. 5 shows the measurement of an external quantum efficiency of this component.
- the high quantum efficiency is a proof that a BuIk heterojunction has emerged.
- FIG. 6 shows in comparison the current-voltage curves for two organic photodiodes, wherein one photodiode (represented by the triangles) has a sprayed PE-DOT: PSS layer and the other has been produced by spin-coating according to the prior art,
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show layer thickness measurements with the aid of a profilometer.
- FIG. 9 shows a current-voltage characteristic (dark current and luminous flux) for an organic photodiode.
- FIG. 1 shows by way of example a device according to the invention. It can be seen above a flat substrate 4, in the vertical of the spray head 2 is arranged.
- the spray heads 2 and 3, wherein also further Sprühkopfe are conceivable, are arranged as close to the vertical to the substrate.
- the arrangement of the Sprühkopfe 1 to 3 is fixed, but both Sprühkopfe relative to each other and relative to the substrate to be movable, both during the Spruhreaes and before or after.
- the respective tanks 5 to 7 are located behind the spray heads. The tanks can be arranged as desired and can also be connected to the spray heads via corresponding supply lines.
- FIG. 2a shows an embodiment in which two spray heads or spray guns are arranged one behind the other, so that two separate layers are sprayed directly one behind the other.
- a roll-to-roll spray coating can be realized.
- the spray heads 12 and 13 are arranged one behind the other, so that they simultaneously spray different areas on the continuous belt substrate 14, ie different areas of an endless substrate 14 pulled continuously over two rollers.
- three or more spray heads can of course be arranged one behind the other. The same spray can be sprayed on the one hand or different spraying.
- Sprayable are all the semiconducting materials for organic electronic components according to the invention.
- Examples of materials which can be sprayed in the context of the invention are:
- PEDOT PSS
- a hole conductor material This material is used in various organic electronic components such as organic photodetectors, solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and / or in organic light-emitting diodes.
- the undiluted liquid material can be sprayed or an aqueous solution thereof, wherein in a ratio of 1: 0 (neat) to 1: 1000 (1 part PEDOT: PSS for 1000 parts of water) can be varied.
- PCBM is BuIk Hetero Junction
- organic electronic components such as organic photodetectors, solar cells, organic photovoltaics, and / or in organic light-emitting diodes.
- the weight ratio between the two materials can be used in a bandwidth of the ratio 1: 0.5 to 1: 5.
- the solids content in the solution depends on the solubility in the solvent and may vary in the range of 5% to 0.001% (weight ratio).
- PCBM [6O] PCBM
- PCBM is a fullerene derivative. It may be present in the following derivatives and sprayed according to the invention:
- nanocrystals Quantum dots
- CdSe, CdTe, PbSe, PbS. Quantum dots
- Figure 2b shows the principle of the multiple spray coating system with a single spray gun.
- a roll-to-roll manufacturing process is illustrated.
- the substrate a tape substrate
- the spraying spray head is passed several times under the spraying spray head.
- the continuous roll-to-roll coating uses a flexible tape substrate that can be rolled up.
- the present invention is equally applicable to rigid substrates as the spraying apparatus may also be equipped with a mobile spray head which removes a rigid and fixed substrate.
- a rigid substrate can also be performed several times under a spray head. In any case, all variants in the context of the invention, which lead to a repeated spraying.
- the PEDOT: PSS layer has been applied by spin-coating or doctor blading method.
- the reason for this is the effort to maintain the low surface roughness of the electrode to avoid possible short circuits.
- spin coating and doctor blading have the disadvantage that a roll-to-roll process is not possible.
- Spray coating or preparation by spraying the hole conductor layer e.g. from PEDOT: PSS with spray head 12 prior to the application of the active layer to the spray head 13 offers the advantage that organic electronic components can be manufactured completely with a single process technology.
- the layer thickness can be set optionally with Spray Coating. This is not possible due to the technique or the limited solubility of organic semiconductors in spin coating or doctor blading.
- a hole-guiding layer can be obtained with the device according to the invention in layer thicknesses of 50 nm to 100 nm.
- Possible layer thicknesses of the bulk heterojunction P3HT: PCBM layer range from 50 nm to 1 mm.
- Spray coating test structures with sprayed hole conductor, spray head 12 (PEDOT: PSS) and semiconductor composite, spray head 13 (P3HT-PCBM-blend) between ITO bottom electrode and Ca / Ag top electrode with functional photodiodes were produced.
- Current-voltage characteristics of two different photodiodes, one with a sprayed hole-conducting layer and one with a spin-coated hole-conducting layer are shown in FIG. As you can see, the characteristics are almost identical. This result is surprising in that the high roughness of the spray-coated PEDOT: PSS can lead to short circuits.
- Optical micrographs of PE-DOT: PSS layers were applied, which were applied with different coating methods.
- PEDOT PSS layers with spin-off and Doctor Blading have lower roughness ( ⁇ 10 nm on average) than by spray coating (> 50 nm).
- the morphology of the blend layer is dependent on several parameters, such as the drop size of the sprayed solution.
- the droplet size can influence the phase separation between the materials in the blend and thus also the extraction properties of the charge carriers.
- the morphology of the blend layer also influences the mobility of the charge carriers and the resistivity of the layer.
- a device With a device according to the invention it is additionally possible to produce multilayer systems in a simple manner. For this purpose, only one or more spray heads are turned off while the others continue to spray.
- the multi-layer system is produced by moving the different spray heads repeatedly over the same location on the substrate. With the help of this method it is possible to produce multilayer systems of pure substances or multilayer systems of different blends or mixtures.
- Figure 3 shows an organic photodiode made for this test. It comprises on a substrate 4 a lower, preferably transparent electrode 8, thereon a hole-conducting layer 9, preferably a PEDOT / PSS layer and above an organic photoconductive layer 10 in the form of a bulk heterojunction with above an upper electrode 11
- Layers of a vertical Layer system ITO (bottom electrode) / PEDOT: PSS / P3HT-PCBM (Spray Coated Blend) / Ca / Ag (top electrode).
- Selective electrodes are necessary to ensure a diode behavior of the device.
- the blend of the two components P3HT polythiophene: absorber and hole transport component
- PCBM Phase Change of the two components
- the PEDOT / PSS layer is the optional hole transport layer 9.
- the protection of the component by means of encapsulation is necessary.
- Figure 4 shows the measured I-V curves of the organic photodetector whose photoactive blend layer of P3HT / PCBM was prepared by the method of the invention.
- the measured external quantum efficiency (EQE) in Figure 5 shows that the prepared bulk heterojunction has the desired functionality.
- FIG. 6 shows the current-voltage characteristics (dark current and luminous flux) for two organic photodiodes with a structure according to FIG. 3: substrate: glass, bottom electrode: ITO, intermediate layer: PEDOT: PSS, photoactive layer: "bulk heterojunction" from a blend of FIG P3HT and PCBM, top electrode: Ca / Ag.
- substrate glass
- bottom electrode ITO
- intermediate layer PEDOT: PSS
- photoactive layer "bulk heterojunction” from a blend of FIG P3HT and PCBM
- top electrode Ca / Ag.
- the characteristics hardly differ, although PE-DOT: PSS was applied in one case by spin-coating (•) and spray coating (T). (Exposure intensity -780 ⁇ W / cm 2 ).
- FIG. 7 shows a layer thickness measurement with the aid of a profilometer for the various coating techniques.
- PEDOT PSS layers of any thickness.
- FIG. 8 shows a layer thickness measurement with the aid of a profilometer which represents three layers of PEDOT: PSS sprayed with a single spray gun by means of a multiple spray coating system, as shown in FIG. 2b.
- the mean value of the layer thickness increases linearly with increasing number of sprays. It can be seen that 800 nm thick layers can be produced effortlessly in the continuous roll-to-roll process.
- the graph with the triangles, the lowest line, shows the layer thickness of a once sprayed layer.
- the overlying line with the squares shows the layer thickness of a layer sprayed twice, and the top line with the circles finally shows the layer sprayed three times, which is over 1000 nm thick. Accordingly, a layer sprayed according to the invention can easily be produced with a layer thickness of 350 nm or more.
- Fig. 9 shows, for example, a current-voltage characteristic (dark current and luminous flux) for an organic photodiode having a structure as shown in Fig. 3, for example (Substrate: glass, under, bottom transparent electrode: ITO, hole-conducting interlayer: PEDOT: PSS, photoactive layer : "Bulk heterojunction" (BHJ) from a blend of P3HT and PCBM, top electrode: Ca / Ag.)
- the two functional polymer layers were applied by the spray coating method of the invention
- the PEDOT: PSS layer is ⁇ 200nm thick while the photoactive BHJ layer by a triple, so multiple spray coating method according to the invention with individual spray gun, as shown in Figure 2b, was produced and -2.25 microns thick.
- This invention simplifies the manufacturing technology of organic components for large-area applications and enables the production of arbitrarily adjustable functional polymer layer thicknesses. In this way, devices with variable layer thicknesses of hole conductors and semiconductors can be produced by spray processes.
- Spray coating allows several layers to be sprayed on each other without loosening the previous lower layers. Thicker layers can then be produced by means of several sprays on a point and / or surface.
- the invention relates to an apparatus and a method for spraying layers of organic components.
- the invention relates to a spraying of layers of several components, for example, are not soluble in the same solvent and / or spraying of several
- Layers one behind the other in particular a hole-conducting layer, for example of PEDOT / PSS, or several layers of a component for producing thick layers.
- a hole-conducting layer for example of PEDOT / PSS
- several layers of a component for producing thick layers are used, for example, one behind the other and / or next to each other.
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP12008289.6A EP2573832A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic device |
EP13004979.4A EP2688118A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic component |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008015290 | 2008-03-20 | ||
DE102008039337A DE102008039337A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2008-08-22 | Spraying apparatus, method and organic electronic component |
PCT/EP2009/053147 WO2009115524A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Device for spraying, method therefor and organic electronic construction element |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13004979.4A Division EP2688118A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic component |
EP12008289.6A Division EP2573832A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic device |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2255398A1 true EP2255398A1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
Family
ID=40984132
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09721503A Withdrawn EP2255398A1 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Device for spraying, method therefor and organic electronic construction element |
EP13004979.4A Withdrawn EP2688118A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic component |
EP12008289.6A Withdrawn EP2573832A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic device |
Family Applications After (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP13004979.4A Withdrawn EP2688118A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic component |
EP12008289.6A Withdrawn EP2573832A3 (en) | 2008-03-20 | 2009-03-17 | Organic electronic device |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (2) | US20110024734A1 (en) |
EP (3) | EP2255398A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102008039337A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009115524A1 (en) |
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DE102008039337A1 (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Spraying apparatus, method and organic electronic component |
DE102008029782A1 (en) | 2008-06-25 | 2012-03-01 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Photodetector and method of manufacture |
US8980677B2 (en) * | 2009-12-02 | 2015-03-17 | University Of South Florida | Transparent contacts organic solar panel by spray |
JP5681932B2 (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2015-03-11 | ユニヴァーシティ オブ サウス フロリダ | All-spray see-through organic solar array with seal |
JP5558446B2 (en) * | 2011-09-26 | 2014-07-23 | 株式会社東芝 | Photoelectric conversion device and manufacturing method thereof |
US9594033B2 (en) | 2014-07-22 | 2017-03-14 | The Boeing Company | Visible X-ray indication and detection system for X-ray backscatter applications |
EP3454373A1 (en) | 2017-09-11 | 2019-03-13 | Siemens Healthcare GmbH | Optoelectronic device with spray coated organic semiconductor based photoactive layer with reduced defective pixels and improved morphology |
CN110224002A (en) * | 2019-06-18 | 2019-09-10 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of microLED panel preparation method and Preparation equipment |
EP4184601A1 (en) | 2021-11-18 | 2023-05-24 | Imec VZW | A method and an apparatus for applying thin film material onto a substrate |
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- 2009-03-17 EP EP09721503A patent/EP2255398A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-17 EP EP13004979.4A patent/EP2688118A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-17 EP EP12008289.6A patent/EP2573832A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-03-17 WO PCT/EP2009/053147 patent/WO2009115524A1/en active Application Filing
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2573832A3 (en) | 2014-03-26 |
EP2688118A3 (en) | 2017-12-20 |
US20140021454A1 (en) | 2014-01-23 |
US20110024734A1 (en) | 2011-02-03 |
DE102008039337A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
US8975112B2 (en) | 2015-03-10 |
WO2009115524A1 (en) | 2009-09-24 |
EP2688118A2 (en) | 2014-01-22 |
EP2573832A2 (en) | 2013-03-27 |
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