EP2252392A1 - Fixing device for catalyst particles - Google Patents

Fixing device for catalyst particles

Info

Publication number
EP2252392A1
EP2252392A1 EP09712941A EP09712941A EP2252392A1 EP 2252392 A1 EP2252392 A1 EP 2252392A1 EP 09712941 A EP09712941 A EP 09712941A EP 09712941 A EP09712941 A EP 09712941A EP 2252392 A1 EP2252392 A1 EP 2252392A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal mesh
fixing device
catalyst particles
bed
metal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09712941A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Stefan Hamel
Thore Lohmann
Lothar Semrau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ThyssenKrupp Industrial Solutions AG
Original Assignee
Uhde GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Uhde GmbH filed Critical Uhde GmbH
Publication of EP2252392A1 publication Critical patent/EP2252392A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/025—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical shaped bed
    • B01J35/56—
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B01J8/0085—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction promoting uninterrupted fluid flow, e.g. by filtering out particles in front of the catalyst layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
    • B01J8/009—Membranes, e.g. feeding or removing reactants or products to or from the catalyst bed through a membrane
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0242—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical
    • B01J8/0257—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly vertical in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0292—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds with stationary packing material in the bed, e.g. bricks, wire rings, baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00823—Mixing elements
    • B01J2208/00831—Stationary elements
    • B01J2208/00849—Stationary elements outside the bed, e.g. baffles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
    • B01J2208/00884—Means for supporting the bed of particles, e.g. grids, bars, perforated plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/02—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties
    • B01J2219/0204—Apparatus characterised by their chemically-resistant properties comprising coatings on the surfaces in direct contact with the reactive components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/322—Basic shape of the elements
    • B01J2219/32286—Grids or lattices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32408—Metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/32—Details relating to packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit of module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer
    • B01J2219/324—Composition or microstructure of the elements
    • B01J2219/32466—Composition or microstructure of the elements comprising catalytically active material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fixing device for catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are present in a bed, which is formed by a gas flow in the direction of gravity flow-through.
  • Catalysts for example in reactors for gas-phase reactions, may be present in the form of particles in a fixed-bed flow, through which the gas flow in the gravitational direction flows.
  • it is necessary to fix the particles in order to avoid unwanted particle movements since such movements can cause signs of wear in the form of abrasion or loss due to fragmentation of the particles into smaller fragments. This can result in an increased pressure loss in the catalyst bed or the particle fractions discharged with the gas stream can have undesirable effects in downstream system parts.
  • the problem may be compounded in gas phase reactions, such as propane or butane dehydrogenation, where a process gas and a reaction gas must be mixed before entering the catalyst bed.
  • gas phase reactions such as propane or butane dehydrogenation
  • a process gas and a reaction gas must be mixed before entering the catalyst bed.
  • the volume smaller gas stream is injected into the other gas stream at high speed, often only a very short residence time ( ⁇ 100 ms) of the gas mixture in the free space before entering the catalyst bed may be tolerated.
  • This requires in addition to high flow rates, a small distance of the mixing nozzles from the catalyst surface.
  • a layer of very large particles, usually inert for the desired reaction is applied to the catalyst bed.
  • This can also be comparatively large ceramic balls, which, just like the large particles, fix the underlying bed of very small catalyst particles.
  • the problem here is, in particular in the above-described method, in which a short residence time of the gas mixture in the free space before the catalyst bed is necessary that the residence time of the gas mixture before entering the catalyst layer is increased increases to the flow through the ball bed. Since local channels and free spaces inhibit a further gas mixture within the ball bed, the optimum mixing must already be completed above the balls, so that the flow through the balls only increases the residence time, but does not serve as a mixing section.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a fixing device for catalyst particles, in particular in flow-through in the direction of gravity fixed bed, which avoids the disadvantages listed above and in particular has a low specific pressure loss, which remains low even with possible operational contamination, as little influence the residence time of the gas flowing through has made possible a secure holddown of the catalyst particles even at high flow velocities and has a certain flexibility in order to be able to adapt to changes in the bedrock.
  • the invention achieves this by means of a fixing device for catalyst particles having the features of patent claim 1.
  • the fixing device according to the invention is on the bed of the catalyst particles, for example in a reactor, as described in DE 103 59 744 Al the Applicant, a layer of metal mesh placed, which consists of individual firmly intertwined metal mesh elements. The weight of this metal mesh, the particles are held down. By tilting the uppermost particle layer within the metal Braided also prevents a transverse movement of the particles.
  • the thickness of the metal braid is relatively small, so that the time required for the gas to flow before flowing into the catalyst layer is extremely short. Due to a favorable ratio of its metal mesh cross section to the material thickness of the pressure loss is low. Furthermore, the metal braid is flexible, so that a sagging of the catalyst bed does not cause the bottom of the metal mesh loses contact with the surface of the catalyst particles, so that in this case, a secure fixation, as described above, is maintained.
  • the metal mesh is formed such that the maximum possible free cross section of a metal mesh element is smaller than the smallest cross section of the catalyst particles. This prevents that catalyst particles can be swirled up through the metal mesh and destroyed. Also, the described canting effect is achieved in a particularly advantageous manner, so that a secure fixation of the particles is ensured even at high flow velocities of the gas flowing through.
  • the individual metal mesh elements have a closed shape.
  • a metal mesh of self-contained metal mesh elements offers a particularly advantageous ratio of flexibility compared to its own weight, which has a positive effect on the function of the fixing device.
  • the metal mesh elements are oval and / or annular. The interweaving of annular elements can have manufacturing advantages. But it is also possible that the elements are formed oval or have a different shape, which may be preferable depending on the application under circumstances.
  • each of the metal mesh elements is formed firmly closed and / or welded.
  • a metal mesh of rings is conceivable, which are only compressed, but in this case the achievable strengths are often not sufficient, so that in conventional applications, a permanent closure of the rings or their welding is preferable.
  • the areal size of the metal mesh is greater than the surface area of the bed of catalyst particles. In this way, a tension in the metal mesh is avoided when resting the metal mesh on the catalyst bed. Due to the loosely resting on the metal mesh can yield to the sagging of the bed and so continue to have full contact with the surface of the bed. Possible local unevennesses of the bed surface are easily compensated by the loosening of the metal mesh.
  • the areal size of the metal mesh is 1.05 to 2 times the size of the surface of the bed of catalyst particles. These values for the size of the metal mesh compared to the surface of the catalyst bed have proven to be particularly advantageous.
  • At least one further layer of a metal mesh can also be advantageous for at least one further layer of a metal mesh to rest on the first layer of the metal mesh.
  • braid feels like.
  • a very fine-mesh metal mesh must be used, by applying a further layer of metal mesh, the pressure forces and thus the fixing effect of the lowest layer of the metal mesh can be significantly increased become.
  • the mesh size of the metal braids lying above does not have to correspond to the mesh width of the lowest metal braid. It can be advantageous that the maximum possible free cross-section of the further layers of the metal braid next to the same size is also larger and / or smaller than the maximum possible free cross section of the first layer of the metal braid.
  • the pressure effect can be increased by applying an additional weight by a second or further layers of a coarser metal braid, wherein the fixing is performed by the bottom metal mesh layer having a small free cross section for fixing the particles.
  • At least one laid-up layer of the metal mesh may consist of a plurality of interconnected segments.
  • the segments may be connected to each other at the seams substantially to shock or himself partially overlap at the seams. This depends on the design of the reactor and other parameters resulting from the specific requirements.
  • the metal mesh consists of a catalytically active material and / or is coated with a catalytically active material.
  • the effective residence time of the gas stream above the catalyst bed can be further reduced.
  • the metal mesh consists of a corrosion-resistant material and / or is provided with a corrosion protection. This also depends on the application, in particular the reaction gases and catalyst materials used, possibly useful to reduce the wear of the metal mesh during operation.
  • the fixing device is designed for use in an oxy-reactor for dehydrogenation of butane and / or propane.
  • the invention has proven to be particularly effective.
  • the invention also relates to a method for holding down catalyst particles with a fixing device, as described above, with the features of claim 15, and a reactor for gas phase reactions with the features of claim 16.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an inventive metal braid in a stretched state
  • Fig. 3 shows an example of a metal mesh according to the invention in the laid, unstressed state and in
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a single member of a metal mesh according to the invention.
  • gas phase reactor has a gas inlet tube 2, which passes through a horizontally disposed catalyst 3 centrally, wherein above the catalyst bed in the reactor, a gas 4 is formed.
  • the centric gas inlet tube 2 is surrounded by a ring manifold 5 for oxygen in pure form, as air or mixed with inert gas or water vapor, said annular tube 5 feeds a plurality of equipped with outlet openings 6 annular tubes 7, which are arranged above the catalyst 3.
  • the O 2 inlet into the annular distributor 5 is indicated only by arrows 8, and the gas outlet of the reactor is only indicated and bears the reference 9. Below the free space in which the two gases mix with each other, there is a position of a Metal braid 10 according to the invention.
  • the metal mesh 10 is larger in area than the size of the surface of the catalyst bed 3, so that it rests loosely on the bed 3 and compensates for local unevenness. Upon yielding of the bed 3, it is further terhin over the entire surface on the surface.
  • On the first layer of the metal braid 10 is another layer of a metal mesh 10a according to the invention, which has larger metal mesh elements 11, as the first layer of the metal mesh, in which the free cross-section is smaller than the smallest size of the particles in the catalyst particle bed.
  • FIG. 2 A plan view of a metal mesh 10 according to the invention is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, wherein in FIG. 2 the metal mesh is shown in a tensioned state. It is the metal mesh layer, which rests directly on the particle bed, in which the free cross sections of the openings in the metal mesh are chosen so that they are smaller in the tensioned state than the smallest occurring in the catalyst bed particle size.
  • an embodiment of the metal mesh 10 according to the invention consists of round, self-contained annular metal mesh elements 11, which are welded at their connection point, so that they do not bend even with tensile loads. Furthermore, it can be seen that the diameter of the metal mesh rings is not inevitably must be smaller than the smallest particle size, since depending on the ring thickness of the smallest free cross section is less than the radius opening of a single ring element.
  • the invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be modified in many ways, without departing from the spirit, in particular the materials of the metal mesh of the catalyst particles and the gases used for the flow, gas mixtures u. like. are adapted to be selected for the different applications and covered by the invention, the same applies to the design of the metal mesh itself, as long as it has the claimed properties.

Abstract

The invention relates to a fixing device for catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are present in a bulk mass that can have a gas flow flowing through the bulk mass in the direction of gravity, by means whereof a low specific pressure loss is to be achieved, also remaining low in case of potential operationally induced contamination, said device having as little influence as possible on the dwell time of the gas flowing through, allowing secure retention of the catalyst particles even under high flow speeds, and having a certain flexibility in order to be able to adapt to changes in the bulk good. The aim is achieved in that at least one layer of a metal mesh (10) is placed on the bulk good (3) of catalyst particles, and the metal mesh (10) is made of individual metal mesh elements (11) securely woven together.

Description

"Fixiervorrichtunα für Katalvsatorpartikel""Fixing device for catalvator particles"
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Fixiervorrichtung für Katalysatorpartikel, wobei die Katalysatorpartikel in einer Schüttung vorliegen, die von einer Gasströmung in Schwerkraftrichtung durchströmbar ausgebildet ist.The invention relates to a fixing device for catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are present in a bed, which is formed by a gas flow in the direction of gravity flow-through.
Katalysatoren, beispielsweise in Reaktoren für Gasphasenreaktionen, können in Form von Partikeln in einer Festbett- schüttung vorliegen, die von der Gasströmung in Schwer- kraftrichtung durchströmt wird. Hierbei ist es nötig, die Partikel zu fixieren, um ungewollte Partikelbewegungen zu vermeiden, da durch derartige Bewegungen Verschleißerscheinungen in Form von Abrieb oder Verlust durch Fragmentierung der Partikel in kleinere Bruchstücke vorkommen können. Hierdurch kann ein erhöhter Druckverlust im Katalysatorbett entstehen oder die mit dem Gasstrom ausgetragenen Partikel- bruchstücke können in nachgeordneten Anlagenteilen unerwünschte Wirkungen haben.Catalysts, for example in reactors for gas-phase reactions, may be present in the form of particles in a fixed-bed flow, through which the gas flow in the gravitational direction flows. In this case, it is necessary to fix the particles in order to avoid unwanted particle movements, since such movements can cause signs of wear in the form of abrasion or loss due to fragmentation of the particles into smaller fragments. This can result in an increased pressure loss in the catalyst bed or the particle fractions discharged with the gas stream can have undesirable effects in downstream system parts.
Verstärkt wird das Problem unter Umständen in Gasphasenreaktionen, wie beispielsweise der Propan- oder Butan-Dehydrierung, bei denen ein Prozessgas und ein Reaktionsgas vor Eintritt in die Katalysatorschüttung vermischt werden müssen. Hierzu wird beispielsweise der mengenmäßig kleinere Gasstrom in den anderen Gasstrom mit hoher Geschwindigkeit eingedüst, wobei häufig nur eine sehr kurze Aufenthaltszeit (< 100 ms) des Gasgemisches im Freiraum vor Eintritt in die Katalysatorschüttung toleriert werden darf . Dies bedingt neben hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, einen geringen Abstand der Mischdüsen von der Katalysatoroberfläche. Durch Anströmung der Schüttungsoberflache entstehende Turbulenzen, unter Umständen sogar sich lokal bildende Wirbel und Rückströmungen, können dazu führen, dass Katalysatorpartikel unerwünscht in Bewegung geraten, was langfristig zu dem beschriebenen Abrieb und/oder Partikelbruch führen kann.The problem may be compounded in gas phase reactions, such as propane or butane dehydrogenation, where a process gas and a reaction gas must be mixed before entering the catalyst bed. For this purpose, for example, the volume smaller gas stream is injected into the other gas stream at high speed, often only a very short residence time (<100 ms) of the gas mixture in the free space before entering the catalyst bed may be tolerated. This requires in addition to high flow rates, a small distance of the mixing nozzles from the catalyst surface. By turbulence caused by the flow of the bed surface, possibly even locally forming vortex and Backflows can cause catalyst particles to undesirably start moving, which in the long term can lead to the described attrition and / or particle breakage.
Zur Vermeidung dieser nachteiligen Folgen sind verschiedene Vorgehensweisen bekannt. Beispielsweise wird auf dem Kata- lysatatorbett eine Schicht sehr großer, meist für die angestrebte Reaktion inerte Partikel aufgebracht. Dies können auch vergleichsweise große Keramikkugeln sein, die genau wie die großen Partikel die darunter liegende Schüttung aus sehr kleinen Katalysatorpartikeln fixieren. Problematisch ist hierbei, insbesondere bei den oben beschriebenen Verfahren, bei denen eine kurze Aufenthaltszeit des Gasgemisches im Freiraum vor der Katalysatorschüttung notwendig ist, dass zur Durchströmung der Kugelschüttung die Verweil - zeit des Gasgemisches vor Eintritt in die Katalysatorschicht stärkt erhöht wird. Da innerhalb der Kugelschüttung lokale Kanäle und Freiräume eine weitere Gasmischung hemmen, muss die optimale Vermischung bereits oberhalb der Kugeln abgeschlossen sein, so dass die Durchströmung der Kugeln nur die Verweilzeit erhöht, nicht aber als Mischstrecke dient .To avoid these adverse consequences, various approaches are known. For example, a layer of very large particles, usually inert for the desired reaction, is applied to the catalyst bed. This can also be comparatively large ceramic balls, which, just like the large particles, fix the underlying bed of very small catalyst particles. The problem here is, in particular in the above-described method, in which a short residence time of the gas mixture in the free space before the catalyst bed is necessary that the residence time of the gas mixture before entering the catalyst layer is increased increases to the flow through the ball bed. Since local channels and free spaces inhibit a further gas mixture within the ball bed, the optimum mixing must already be completed above the balls, so that the flow through the balls only increases the residence time, but does not serve as a mixing section.
Bei der Verwendung der im Vergleich zu den Katalysatorpartikeln großen Kugeln besteht ein Problem darin, dass diese bei industriellen Reaktoren häufig zu einer regellosen Schüttung führen, wobei auch die Oberfläche der Kugelschüttung, die den Gasdüsen zugewandt ist, regellos ist. Die aufgrund der großen Kugeln deutlich gröber und stochastisch strukturierte Oberfläche erhöht die Tendenz zur Ausbildung von lokalen Wirbeln und Rezirkulationszonen, was sich zusätzlich negativ auf die Gasgemischverweilzeit auswirkt.One problem with the use of the large balls compared to the catalyst particles is that they often lead to a random bed in industrial reactors, with the surface of the ball bed facing the gas nozzles also being random. The significantly coarser and stochastically structured surface due to the large spheres increases the tendency to form local vortices and recirculation zones, which additionally has a negative effect on the gas mixture residence time.
Eine weitere bekannte Möglichkeit, Katalysatorpartikel in einer Festbettschüttung zu fixieren, besteht in der Abdek- kung der Schüttung mit einem fest intallierten Lochblech. Hierbei besteht das Problem, dass sich die Katalysator- schüttung im Laufe des Betriebes setzen und absacken kann. So können unterhalb des Bleches lokale Hohlräume entstehen, in denen wiederum Rezirkulationsszonen und ähnliche Turbulenzen entstehen können, was wiederum in Partikelbewegung resultieren kann mit den oben beschriebenen nachteiligen Folgen. Dieser Effekt wird durch die beschleunigte Gaseinströmung durch die Löcher im Lochblech noch verstärkt.Another known possibility of fixing catalyst particles in a fixed bed of bed is the deposition of kung of the bed with a firmly intalliert perforated plate. The problem here is that the catalyst bed can settle and sag during operation. Thus, local cavities can form underneath the sheet, in which in turn recirculation zones and similar turbulences can occur, which in turn can result in particle movement with the disadvantageous consequences described above. This effect is enhanced by the accelerated gas inflow through the holes in the perforated plate.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Fixiervorrichtung für Katalysatorpartikel, insbesondere bei in Schwerkraftrichtung durchströmter Festbettschüttung, zur Verfügung zu stellen, die die oben aufgeführten Nachteile vermeidet und insbesondere einen geringen spezifischen Druckverlust aufweist, der auch bei möglichen betriebsbedingten Verschmutzungen niedrig bleibt, möglichst wenig Einfluss auf die Verweilzeit des durchströmenden Gases hat, eine sichere Niederhaltung der Katalysatorpartikel auch bei hohen Anströmgeschwindigkeiten ermöglicht und eine gewisse Flexibilität aufweist, um sich Veränderungen der Schüttung anpassen zu können.The object of the invention is to provide a fixing device for catalyst particles, in particular in flow-through in the direction of gravity fixed bed, which avoids the disadvantages listed above and in particular has a low specific pressure loss, which remains low even with possible operational contamination, as little influence the residence time of the gas flowing through has made possible a secure holddown of the catalyst particles even at high flow velocities and has a certain flexibility in order to be able to adapt to changes in the bedrock.
Die Erfindung erreicht dies durch eine Fixiervorrichtung für Katalysatorpartikel mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 1.The invention achieves this by means of a fixing device for catalyst particles having the features of patent claim 1.
Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Fixiervorrichtung wird auf der Schüttung der Katalysatorpartikel, z.B. in einem Reaktor, wie er in der DE 103 59 744 Al der Anmelderin beschrieben ist, eine Lage eines Metallgeflechtes aufgelegt, das aus einzelnen miteinander fest verflochtenen Metallgeflechtelementen besteht. Durch das Eigengewicht dieses Metallgeflechtes werden die Partikel niedergehalten. Durch das Verkanten der obersten Partikellage innerhalb des Metall- geflechtes wird zudem eine Querbewegung der Partikel verhindert .With the fixing device according to the invention is on the bed of the catalyst particles, for example in a reactor, as described in DE 103 59 744 Al the Applicant, a layer of metal mesh placed, which consists of individual firmly intertwined metal mesh elements. The weight of this metal mesh, the particles are held down. By tilting the uppermost particle layer within the metal Braided also prevents a transverse movement of the particles.
Die Dicke des Metallgeflechtes ist verhältnismäßig gering, so dass die Zeit, die das Gas zum Durchströmen vor der Einströmung in die Katalysatorschicht benötigt, äußerst kurz ist. Durch ein günstiges Verhältnis von seinem Metallgeflechtquerschnitt zur Materialstärke ist der Druckverlust gering. Weiterhin ist das Metallgeflecht flexibel, so dass auch ein Absacken der Katalysatorschüttung nicht dazu führt, dass die Unterseite des Metallgeflechtes den Kontakt zur Oberfläche der Katalysatorpartikel verliert, so dass auch in diesem Falle eine sichere Fixierung, wie oben beschrieben, aufrechterhalten bleibt.The thickness of the metal braid is relatively small, so that the time required for the gas to flow before flowing into the catalyst layer is extremely short. Due to a favorable ratio of its metal mesh cross section to the material thickness of the pressure loss is low. Furthermore, the metal braid is flexible, so that a sagging of the catalyst bed does not cause the bottom of the metal mesh loses contact with the surface of the catalyst particles, so that in this case, a secure fixation, as described above, is maintained.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. So ist vorgesehen, dass das Metallgeflecht derart ausgebildet ist, dass der maximal mögliche freie Querschnitt eines Metallgeflechtelementes kleiner ist als der kleinste Querschnitt der Katalysatorpartikel. Hierdurch wird verhindert, dass Katalysatorpartikel nach oben durch das Metallgeflecht aufgewirbelt und zerstört werden können. Auch wird hier der beschriebene Verkantungseffekt in besonders vorteilhafter Art und Weise erreicht, so dass eine sichere Fixierung der Partikel auch bei hohen Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten des durchströmenden Gases gewährleistet ist.Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims. Thus, it is provided that the metal mesh is formed such that the maximum possible free cross section of a metal mesh element is smaller than the smallest cross section of the catalyst particles. This prevents that catalyst particles can be swirled up through the metal mesh and destroyed. Also, the described canting effect is achieved in a particularly advantageous manner, so that a secure fixation of the particles is ensured even at high flow velocities of the gas flowing through.
Es kann vorgesehen sein, dass die einzelnen Metallgeflechtelemente eine geschlossene Form aufweisen. Ein Metallgeflecht aus in sich geschlossenen Metallgeflechtelementen bietet ein besonders vorteilhaftes Verhältnis der Flexibilität im Vergleich zum Eigengewicht, was für die Funktion der Fixiervorrichtung positive Auswirkungen hat. Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Metallgeflechtelemente oval und/oder ringförmig ausgebildet sind. Die Verflechtung von ringförmigen Elementen kann fertigungstechnische Vorteile haben. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass die Elemente oval ausgebildet sind oder eine andere Form aufweisen, was je nach Anwendungsfall unter Umständen zu bevorzugen ist.It can be provided that the individual metal mesh elements have a closed shape. A metal mesh of self-contained metal mesh elements offers a particularly advantageous ratio of flexibility compared to its own weight, which has a positive effect on the function of the fixing device. It can be provided that the metal mesh elements are oval and / or annular. The interweaving of annular elements can have manufacturing advantages. But it is also possible that the elements are formed oval or have a different shape, which may be preferable depending on the application under circumstances.
Vorteilhaft ist es, dass jedes der Metallgeflechtelemente fest geschlossen und/oder verschweißt ausgebildet ist. Zwar ist grundsätzlich auch ein Metallgeflecht aus Ringen denkbar, die nur zusammengedrückt sind, hierbei sind aber die erzielbaren Festigkeiten häufig nicht ausreichend, so dass bei üblichen Anwendungsfällen eine dauerhafte Verschließung der Ringe bzw. deren Verschweißung vorzuziehen ist.It is advantageous that each of the metal mesh elements is formed firmly closed and / or welded. Although in principle a metal mesh of rings is conceivable, which are only compressed, but in this case the achievable strengths are often not sufficient, so that in conventional applications, a permanent closure of the rings or their welding is preferable.
In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist die flächenmäßige Größe des Metallgeflechtes größer als die Oberfläche der Schüttung der Katalysatorpartikel. Auf diese Weise wird beim Aufliegen des Metallgeflechtes auf die Katalysatorschüttung eine Spannung im Metallgeflecht vermieden. Durch das lockere Aufliegen kann das Metallgeflecht beim Absacken der Schüttung nachgeben und so weiterhin vollflächig Kontakt mit der Oberfläche der Schüttung haben. Mögliche lokale Unebenheiten der Schüttungsoberfläche werden durch das lok- kere Aufliegen des Metallgeflechtes einfach ausgeglichen.In an advantageous embodiment, the areal size of the metal mesh is greater than the surface area of the bed of catalyst particles. In this way, a tension in the metal mesh is avoided when resting the metal mesh on the catalyst bed. Due to the loosely resting on the metal mesh can yield to the sagging of the bed and so continue to have full contact with the surface of the bed. Possible local unevennesses of the bed surface are easily compensated by the loosening of the metal mesh.
Vorteilhaft ist, wenn die flächenmäßige Größe des Metallgeflechtes die 1,05- bis 2-fache Größe der Oberfläche der Schüttung der Katalysatorpartikel beträgt. Diese Werte für die Größe des Metallgeflechtes im Vergleich zur Oberfläche der Katalysatorschüttung haben sich als besonders vorteilhaft herausgestellt.It is advantageous if the areal size of the metal mesh is 1.05 to 2 times the size of the surface of the bed of catalyst particles. These values for the size of the metal mesh compared to the surface of the catalyst bed have proven to be particularly advantageous.
Es kann auch vorteilhaft sein, dass wenigstens eine weitere Lage eines Metallgeflechtes auf die erste Lage des Metall- geflechtes aufgelegt ist. Beispielsweise in Fällen, in denen die Anströmgeschwindigkeiten oberhalb der Schüttung hoch sind oder aufgrund der Verwendung sehr kleiner Katalysatorpartikel, ein sehr feinmaschiges Metallgeflecht Verwendung finden muss, können durch Aufbringen einer weiteren Lage eines Metallgeflechtes die Andruckkräfte und damit die Fixierwirkung der untersten Lage des Metallgeflechtes deutlich erhöht werden.It can also be advantageous for at least one further layer of a metal mesh to rest on the first layer of the metal mesh. braid feels like. For example, in cases where the flow velocities are high above the bed or due to the use of very small catalyst particles, a very fine-mesh metal mesh must be used, by applying a further layer of metal mesh, the pressure forces and thus the fixing effect of the lowest layer of the metal mesh can be significantly increased become.
Dabei muss die Maschenweite der oben liegenden Metallgeflechte nicht der Maschenweite des untersten Metallgeflechtes entsprechen. Vorteilhaft kann sein, dass der maximal mögliche freie Querschnitt der weiteren Lagen des Metall - geflechtes neben der gleichen Größe auch größer und/oder kleiner des maximal möglichen freien Querschnittes der ersten Lage des Metallgeflechtes ist.The mesh size of the metal braids lying above does not have to correspond to the mesh width of the lowest metal braid. It can be advantageous that the maximum possible free cross-section of the further layers of the metal braid next to the same size is also larger and / or smaller than the maximum possible free cross section of the first layer of the metal braid.
Insbesondere bei der Verwendung eines Metallgeflechtes mit größerem freien Querschnitt kann die Andruckwirkung durch Aufbringung einer zusätzlichen Gewichtskraft durch eine zweite oder weitere Schichten eines gröberen Metallgeflechtes erhöht werden, wobei die Fixierung durch die unterste Metallgeflechtschicht erfolgt, die einen kleinen freien Querschnitt zur Fixierung der Partikel aufweist. Durch Fixierung der Metallgeflechte an der Reaktorwand wird deren sichere Befestigung ermöglicht.In particular, when using a metal mesh with a larger free cross-section, the pressure effect can be increased by applying an additional weight by a second or further layers of a coarser metal braid, wherein the fixing is performed by the bottom metal mesh layer having a small free cross section for fixing the particles. By fixing the metal braids to the reactor wall their secure attachment is possible.
In Ausgestaltung kann wenigstens eine aufgelegte Lage des Metallgeflechtes aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Segmenten bestehen. Neben einer durchgängigen Ausgestaltung des Metallgeflechtes, kann es aus fertigungstechnischen oder Montagegründen vorteilhaft sein, kleinere Segmente des Metallgeflechtes zu verwenden, die miteinander verbunden werden. Dabei können die Segmente miteinander an den Nahtstellen im Wesentlichen auf Stoß verbunden sein oder sich an den Nahtstellen teilweise überlappen. Dies ist abhängig von der Konstruktion des Reaktors und weiteren Parametern, die sich aus den spezifischen Anforderungen ergeben.In an embodiment, at least one laid-up layer of the metal mesh may consist of a plurality of interconnected segments. In addition to a continuous design of the metal mesh, it may be advantageous for manufacturing or assembly reasons to use smaller segments of the metal mesh, which are interconnected. In this case, the segments may be connected to each other at the seams substantially to shock or himself partially overlap at the seams. This depends on the design of the reactor and other parameters resulting from the specific requirements.
Vorteilhaft kann es zudem sein, dass das Metallgeflecht aus einem katalytisch aktiven Material besteht und/oder mit einem katalytisch aktiven Material beschichtet ist. In einigen Anwendungsfällen lässt sich so die wirksame Verweilzeit des Gasstromes oberhalb der Katalysatorschüttung noch weiter reduzieren.It can also be advantageous that the metal mesh consists of a catalytically active material and / or is coated with a catalytically active material. In some applications, the effective residence time of the gas stream above the catalyst bed can be further reduced.
Vorteilhaft kann sein, dass das Metallgeflecht aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Material besteht und/oder mit einem Korrosionsschutz versehen ist. Auch dies ist abhängig vom Anwendungsfall, insbesondere den verwendeten Reaktionsgasen und Katalysatormaterialien, möglicherweise zweckmäßig, um den Verschleiß des Metallgeflechtes im laufenden Betrieb zu verringern.It can be advantageous that the metal mesh consists of a corrosion-resistant material and / or is provided with a corrosion protection. This also depends on the application, in particular the reaction gases and catalyst materials used, possibly useful to reduce the wear of the metal mesh during operation.
Vorteilhaft ist die Fixiervorrichtung zum Einsatz in einem Oxi -Reaktor zur Dehydrierung von Butan und/oder Propan ausgebildet. In einem derartigen Anwendungsfall hat sich die Erfindung als besonders wirkungsvoll erwiesen.Advantageously, the fixing device is designed for use in an oxy-reactor for dehydrogenation of butane and / or propane. In such an application, the invention has proven to be particularly effective.
Die Erfindung betrifft auch ein Verfahren zur Niederhaltung von Katalysatorpartikeln mit einer Fixiervorrichtung, wie sie im Vorangegangenen beschrieben ist, mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 15, sowie einen Reaktor für Gasphasenreaktionen mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruches 16.The invention also relates to a method for holding down catalyst particles with a fixing device, as described above, with the features of claim 15, and a reactor for gas phase reactions with the features of claim 16.
Die Erfindung ist nachstehend anhand der Zeichnung bei- pielsweise näher erläutert. Diese zeigt inThe invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing example. This shows in
Fig. 1 eine stark vereinfachte Darstellung eines Gasphasen- reaktors mit der erfindungsgemäßen Fixiervorrichtung,1 is a greatly simplified representation of a gas phase reactor with the fixing device according to the invention,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Metallgeflecht in gespanntem Zustand,2 is a schematic plan view of an inventive metal braid in a stretched state,
Fig. 3 ein Beispiel für ein erfindungsgemäßes Metallgeflecht im aufgelegten, ungespannten Zustand sowie inFig. 3 shows an example of a metal mesh according to the invention in the laid, unstressed state and in
Fig. 4 eine schematische Darstellung eines einzelnen Gliedes eines erfindungsgemäßen Metallgeflechtes.Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a single member of a metal mesh according to the invention.
Der in Fig. 1 im Schnitt schematisch dargestellte, allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Gasphasenreaktor weist ein Gaseintrittsrohr 2 auf, das einen horizontal angeordneten Katalysator 3 zentrisch durchsetzt, wobei oberhalb des Katalysatorbettes im Reaktor ein Gasdom 4 ausgebildet ist.The schematically illustrated in Fig. 1 in section, generally designated 1 gas phase reactor has a gas inlet tube 2, which passes through a horizontally disposed catalyst 3 centrally, wherein above the catalyst bed in the reactor, a gas 4 is formed.
Das zentrische Gaseintrittsrohr 2 wird von einem Ringverteiler 5 für Sauerstoff in Reinform, als Luft oder vermischt mit Inertgas oder Wasserdampf umgeben, wobei dieses Ringrohr 5 eine Mehrzahl von mit Austrittsöffnungen 6 ausgestatteten Ringrohren 7 speist, die oberhalb des Katalysators 3 angeordnet sind. Der O2-Eintritt in den Ringverteiler 5 ist lediglich durch Pfeile 8 angedeutet, auch der Gasaustritt des Reaktors ist nur angedeutet und trägt das Bezugs - zeichen 9. Unterhalb des Freiraumes, in denen sich die beiden Gase miteinander vermischen, befindet sich eine Lage eines erfindungsgemäßen Metallgeflechtes 10.The centric gas inlet tube 2 is surrounded by a ring manifold 5 for oxygen in pure form, as air or mixed with inert gas or water vapor, said annular tube 5 feeds a plurality of equipped with outlet openings 6 annular tubes 7, which are arranged above the catalyst 3. The O 2 inlet into the annular distributor 5 is indicated only by arrows 8, and the gas outlet of the reactor is only indicated and bears the reference 9. Below the free space in which the two gases mix with each other, there is a position of a Metal braid 10 according to the invention.
Das Metallgeflecht 10 ist flächenmäßig größer als die Größe der Oberfläche der Katalysatorschüttung 3, so dass es lose auf der Schüttung 3 aufliegt und lokale Unebenheiten ausgleicht. Bei einem Nachgeben der Schüttung 3 liegt es wei- terhin vollflächig auf der Oberfläche auf. Auf der ersten Lage des Metallgeflechtes 10 befindet sich eine weitere Lage eines erfindungsgemäßen Metallgeflechtes 10a, wobei dieses größere Metallgeflechtelemente 11 aufweist, als die erste Lage des Metallgeflechtes, bei der der freie Querschnitt kleiner ist, als die kleinste Größe der Partikel in der Katalysatorpartikelschüttung.The metal mesh 10 is larger in area than the size of the surface of the catalyst bed 3, so that it rests loosely on the bed 3 and compensates for local unevenness. Upon yielding of the bed 3, it is further terhin over the entire surface on the surface. On the first layer of the metal braid 10 is another layer of a metal mesh 10a according to the invention, which has larger metal mesh elements 11, as the first layer of the metal mesh, in which the free cross-section is smaller than the smallest size of the particles in the catalyst particle bed.
Eine Aufsicht auf ein erfindungsgemäßes Metallgeflecht 10 ist in Fig. 2 bzw. Fig. 3 näher dargestellt, wobei in Fig. 2 das Metallgeflecht in einem gespannten Zustand dargestellt ist. Es handelt sich um die Metallgeflechtlage, die unmittelbar auf der Partikelschüttung aufliegt, bei dem die freien Querschnitte der Öffnungen im Metallgeflecht so gewählt sind, dass diese auch im gespannten Zustand kleiner sind als die kleinste in der Katalysatorschüttung vorkommenden Partikelgröße.A plan view of a metal mesh 10 according to the invention is shown in greater detail in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, wherein in FIG. 2 the metal mesh is shown in a tensioned state. It is the metal mesh layer, which rests directly on the particle bed, in which the free cross sections of the openings in the metal mesh are chosen so that they are smaller in the tensioned state than the smallest occurring in the catalyst bed particle size.
Bei der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Anwendung des Metallgeflechtes liegt dieses locker, d.h. ungespannt, auf der Oberfläche der Schüttung auf.In the application of the metal mesh shown in Fig. 3, this is loosely, i. unstretched, on the surface of the bedding up.
In beiden Fällen verkanten hierdurch die Partikel innerhalb der Öffnung des Metallgeflechtes 10, so dass nicht nur ein Aufwirbeln nach oben wirksam verhindert werden kann, sondern auch Querbewegungen der Partikel senkrecht zur Gasströmungsrichtung, so dass deren Beschädigung und damit nachteilige Folgen vermieden werden.In both cases, thereby tilting the particles within the opening of the metal mesh 10, so that not only an upward swirling can be effectively prevented, but also transverse movements of the particles perpendicular to the gas flow direction, so that their damage and thus adverse consequences are avoided.
Wie in Fig. 4 dargestellt, besteht eine Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Metallgeflechtes 10 aus runden, in sich geschlossenen ringförmigen Metallgeflechtelementen 11, die an ihrer Verbindungsstelle verschweißt sind, so dass diese auch bei Zugbelastungen nicht aufbiegen. Weiterhin ist erkennbar, dass der Durchmesser der Metallgeflechtringe nicht zwangsläufig kleiner sein muss, als die geringste Partikelgröße, da abhängig von der Ringstärke der kleinste freie Querschnitt geringer ist, als die Radiusöffnung eines einzelnen Ringelementes.As shown in Fig. 4, an embodiment of the metal mesh 10 according to the invention consists of round, self-contained annular metal mesh elements 11, which are welded at their connection point, so that they do not bend even with tensile loads. Furthermore, it can be seen that the diameter of the metal mesh rings is not inevitably must be smaller than the smallest particle size, since depending on the ring thickness of the smallest free cross section is less than the radius opening of a single ring element.
Natürlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das vorstehende Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt, sondern kann in vielfacher Hinsicht abgewandelt werden, ohne den Grundgedanken zu verlassen, insbesondere die Materialien des Metallgeflechtes der Katalysatorpartikel sowie die zur Durchströmung verwendeten Gase, Gasgemische u. dgl . sind für die unterschiedlichen Anwendungsbereiche angepasst zu wählen und von der Erfindung erfasst, dasselbe gilt für die Ausgestaltung des Metallgeflechtes selber, so lange es die beanspruchten Eigenschaften aufweist. Of course, the invention is not limited to the above embodiment, but can be modified in many ways, without departing from the spirit, in particular the materials of the metal mesh of the catalyst particles and the gases used for the flow, gas mixtures u. like. are adapted to be selected for the different applications and covered by the invention, the same applies to the design of the metal mesh itself, as long as it has the claimed properties.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Fixiervorrichtung für Katalysatorpartikel, wobei die Katalysatorpartikel in einer Schüttung vorliegen, die von einer Gasströmung in Schwerkraftrichtung durchströmbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf der Schüttung (3) der Katalysatorpartikel wenigstens eine aufgelegte Lage eines Metallgeflechtes (10) vorgesehen ist und das Metallgeflecht (10) aus einzelnen miteinander fest verflochtenen Metallgeflechtelementen (11) besteht .1. Fixing device for catalyst particles, wherein the catalyst particles are present in a bed, which can be traversed by a gas flow in the direction of gravity, characterized in that on the bed (3) of the catalyst particles at least one laid-up layer of a metal braid (10) is provided and the metal mesh ( 10) consists of individual braided metal mesh elements (11).
2. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallgeflecht derart ausgebildet ist, dass der maximal mögliche freie Querschnitt des Metallgeflechtelementes (11) kleiner ist, als der kleinste Querschnitt der Katalysatorpartikel .2. Fixing device according to claim 1, characterized in that the metal mesh is formed such that the maximum possible free cross section of the metal mesh element (11) is smaller than the smallest cross section of the catalyst particles.
3. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Metallgeflechtelemente (11) eine geschlossene Form aufweisen.3. Fixing device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the individual metal mesh elements (11) have a closed shape.
4. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metallgeflechtelemente (11) oval und/oder ringförmig ausgebildet sind.4. Fixing device according to claim 3, characterized in that the metal mesh elements (11) are oval and / or annular.
5. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 3 oder 4 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes der Metallgeflechtelemente (11) fest geschlossen und/oder verschweißt ausgebildet ist. 5. Fixing device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that each of the metal mesh elements (11) firmly closed and / or welded is formed.
6. Fixiervorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die flächenmäßige Größe des Metallgeflechtes (10) größer als die Oberfläche der Schüttung (3) der Katalysatorpartikel ausgebildet ist.6. Fixing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the areal size of the metal mesh (10) is greater than the surface of the bed (3) of the catalyst particles is formed.
7. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die größenmäßige Fläche des Metallgeflechtes (10) die 1,05- bis 2-fache Größe der Oberfläche der Schüttung (3) der Katalysatorpartikel beträgt.7. Fixing device according to claim 6, characterized in that the size surface of the metal mesh (10) is 1.05 to 2 times the size of the surface of the bed (3) of the catalyst particles.
8. Fixiervorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine weitere Lage eines Metallgeflechtes (10a) auf die erste Lage des Metallgeflechtes (10) aufgelegt ist.8. Fixing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one further layer of a metal braid (10a) is placed on the first layer of the metal braid (10).
9. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 8 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der maximal mögliche freie Querschnitt der Metallgeflechtelemente (11) der weiteren Lage des Metallgeflechtes (10a) gleich und/oder größer und/oder kleiner des maximal möglichen freien Querschnittes der Metallgeflechtelemente (11) der ersten Lage des Metallgeflechtes (10) ist.9. Fixing device according to claim 8, characterized in that the maximum possible free cross section of the metal mesh elements (11) of the further layer of the metal braid (10a) equal and / or smaller and the maximum possible free cross section of the metal mesh elements (11) of the first Location of the metal mesh (10) is.
10. Fixiervorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die wenigstens eine aufgelegte Lage des Metallgeflechtes (10) aus mehreren miteinander verbundenen Segmenten besteht.10. Fixing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one laid-up layer of the metal mesh (10) consists of a plurality of interconnected segments.
11. Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Segmente miteinander an den Nahtstellen im Wesent- liehen auf Stoß miteinander verbunden sind und/oder sich an den Nahtstellen teilweise überlappen.11. Fixing device according to claim 10, characterized in that the segments with each other at the joints in essence lent to each other on impact and / or partially overlap at the joints.
12. Fixiervorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallgeflecht (10) aus einem katalytisch aktiven Material besteht und/oder mit einem katalytisch aktiven Material beschichtet ist.12. Fixing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal mesh (10) consists of a catalytically active material and / or is coated with a catalytically active material.
13. Fixiervorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Metallgeflecht (10) aus einem korrosionsbeständigen Material besteht und/oder mit einem Korrosionsschutz versehen ist.13. Fixing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal mesh (10) consists of a corrosion-resistant material and / or is provided with a corrosion protection.
14. Fixiervorrichtung nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fixiervorrichtung zum Einsatz in einem Oxi-Reaktor (1) zur Dehydrierung von Butan und/oder Propan ausgebildet ist.14. Fixing device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing device is designed for use in an oxy-reactor (1) for the dehydrogenation of butane and / or propane.
15. Verfahren zur Niederhaltung von Katalysatorpartikeln mit einer Fixiervorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass wenigstens eine Lage des Metallgeflechtes auf die Schüttung der Katalysatorpartikel aufgelegt wird, so dass die Katalysatorpartikel in der Schüttung fixiert werden.15. A method for holding down catalyst particles with a fixing device according to claim 1 or one of the following, characterized in that at least one layer of the metal mesh is placed on the bed of catalyst particles, so that the catalyst particles are fixed in the bed.
16. Reaktor für Gasphasenreaktionen mit einem Katalysator, bestehend aus Katalysatorpartikeln in einer Festbettschüttung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Katalysatorpartikel mit einer Fixervorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder einem der folgenden fixiert sind. 16 reactor for gas phase reactions with a catalyst consisting of catalyst particles in a fixed bed, characterized in that the catalyst particles are fixed with a fixer device according to claim 1 or one of the following.
EP09712941A 2008-02-21 2009-01-23 Fixing device for catalyst particles Withdrawn EP2252392A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008010422A DE102008010422A1 (en) 2008-02-21 2008-02-21 Fixing device for catalyst particles
PCT/EP2009/000405 WO2009103395A1 (en) 2008-02-21 2009-01-23 Fixing device for catalyst particles

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EP2252392A1 true EP2252392A1 (en) 2010-11-24

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US (1) US8303904B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2252392A1 (en)
JP (1) JP5727230B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101590200B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101909739B (en)
AR (1) AR070448A1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0907582A2 (en)
CA (1) CA2715801C (en)
DE (1) DE102008010422A1 (en)
EA (1) EA019310B1 (en)
HK (1) HK1146252A1 (en)
MX (1) MX339868B (en)
MY (1) MY150513A (en)
WO (1) WO2009103395A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA201006716B (en)

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US20100316540A1 (en) 2010-12-16
CA2715801A1 (en) 2009-08-27
JP5727230B2 (en) 2015-06-03
CN101909739B (en) 2014-07-30
BRPI0907582A2 (en) 2015-07-21
DE102008010422A1 (en) 2009-09-03
ZA201006716B (en) 2011-05-25
CN101909739A (en) 2010-12-08
EA201001314A1 (en) 2011-04-29
EA019310B1 (en) 2014-02-28
KR101590200B1 (en) 2016-01-29
MX2010009249A (en) 2010-09-10
CA2715801C (en) 2016-11-08
US8303904B2 (en) 2012-11-06
MY150513A (en) 2014-01-30
MX339868B (en) 2016-06-14
HK1146252A1 (en) 2011-05-20
JP2011515204A (en) 2011-05-19
WO2009103395A1 (en) 2009-08-27
AR070448A1 (en) 2010-04-07
KR20100122897A (en) 2010-11-23

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