EP2250651B1 - Electromagnetic actuating mechanism - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuating mechanism Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2250651B1
EP2250651B1 EP09718492A EP09718492A EP2250651B1 EP 2250651 B1 EP2250651 B1 EP 2250651B1 EP 09718492 A EP09718492 A EP 09718492A EP 09718492 A EP09718492 A EP 09718492A EP 2250651 B1 EP2250651 B1 EP 2250651B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
permanent magnet
coils
actuating
actuating apparatus
pole
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EP09718492A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2250651A1 (en
Inventor
Reiner Keller
Thomas Puth
Michael Pantke
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1607—Armatures entering the winding
    • H01F7/1615—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1661—Electromagnets or actuators with anti-stick disc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/16—Magnetic circuit arrangements
    • H01H50/163—Details concerning air-gaps, e.g. anti-remanence, damping, anti-corrosion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H51/00—Electromagnetic relays
    • H01H51/22—Polarised relays
    • H01H51/2209—Polarised relays with rectilinearly movable armature

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Electromagnetic actuators also called actuators or actuators, servo motors or solenoids, are known in control engineering. For example, they are used to drive or adjust valves or valves for flow control of gaseous or liquid media. Most electromagnetic actuators are bistable, i. H. they have only two stable positions, z. B. open or close.
  • a bistable actuator which has two coils and an armature formed as a permanent magnet, arranged on an anchor rod.
  • the permanent magnet has a polarity oriented in the displacement direction of the armature and is held by the coils either in one or in the other end position.
  • the coil assembly forms a two-terminal, whereby the permanent magnet is attracted by a coil and repelled simultaneously from the other coil and vice versa. This shortens the switching time.
  • the Elektrohubmagnet has a total of four coils, two stationary permanent magnets, two outer housing opposite poles, two inner housing opposite poles and two on one Push rod longitudinally movably arranged anchor. An end position is achieved in each case by energizing an outer coil by the armature is attracted by the energized coil. The middle position of the push rod is, however, achieved by the permanently magnetically held anchor by these rest on both sides of the inner housing opposite poles (partition).
  • a disadvantage of the known Elektrohubmagnet are the large number of parts, eg. B. four coils, two permanent magnets and two anchors and the associated additional weight.
  • the two coils are each at the ends of a pole tube, d. H. a tube of magnetic material and each have a yoke, preferably made of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the magnetic flux is passed through the yoke and pole tube, so that depending on the energization of the coil, a different polarity can be formed.
  • control rod is arranged coaxially to the pole tube and slidably mounted within openings of the yokes.
  • the permanent magnet is assigned a preferably ring-shaped holding pole, which preferably within the pole tube and approximately in the Middle is arranged between the two coils.
  • the holding pole is made of a magnetic material and is - flooded by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet - in the third detent position, ie the center position of the armature.
  • the magnetic connection between the holding pole and the permanent magnet results in a magnetic locking of the actuator with currentless coils.
  • preferably conical plunger anchors are provided on the end faces of the permanent magnet, which dip into corresponding openings in the coil yoke. This increases the magnetic attraction of the coils on the actuator.
  • the polarity of the permanent magnet is aligned in the direction of displacement of the actuator and the control rod.
  • a north pole is formed on one end face and a south pole is formed on the opposite end face of the permanent magnet.
  • a further coil in the region of the holding pole, a further coil, a so-called center coil, can be arranged which, with appropriate energization, cancels the arresting effect of the permanent magnet in its middle position and thus permits a faster adjustment of the actuator into one or the other end position. This improves the dynamics of the actuator.
  • Fig. 1 shows an electromagnetic actuator 1, also called electrodynamic actuator or actuator.
  • the actuator 1 has a cylindrical, magnetic pole tube 2, in which two coils 3, 4, each with a yoke 5, 6 are arranged at its ends.
  • the coils 3, 4 are connected to a power supply, not shown, and can be energized in different current directions, so that opposite polarities can be formed.
  • a disc-shaped permanent magnet 8 is arranged and fixedly connected to the control rod.
  • flux guide plates 9, 10 are arranged, which reinforce the permanent magnet flux.
  • each anti-sling discs 11, 12 or a liability to the yokes 5, 6 preventing coating On the outside of the flux guide plates 9, 10 are each anti-sling discs 11, 12 or a liability to the yokes 5, 6 preventing coating arranged. Further, each end face on the permanent magnet 8 and on the anchor rod 7 conically shaped plunger 13, 14 are arranged and fixed.
  • the adjusting or anchor rod 7, the permanent magnet 8 in conjunction with the Flussleitblechen 9, 10, the anti-adhesive discs 11, 12 and the plunger anchors 13, 14 form the actuator 15 of the actuator or the actuator 1.
  • the actuator 15 in its middle position, ie in the middle between the two coils 3, 4 shown.
  • an annular holding pole 16 is arranged within the pole tube 2, which surrounds the circumference of the permanent magnet 8.
  • the annular holding pole 16 has a smaller inner diameter than the pole tube 2, ie, the holding pole 16 forms a radial narrowing of the pole tube 2.
  • the permanent magnet 8 forms over the flux guide plates 9, 10 with the holding pole made of a magnetic material 16 a magnetic circuit, that is, the permanent magnet 8 and with it the adjusting rod 7 are held in the position shown by the magnetic forces of the permanent magnet 8.
  • the permanent magnet 8 has a polarity formed in the direction of the armature rod 7, ie at its one end face there is a north pole and at the other end side a south pole.
  • a further coil Radially outside the holding pole 16, a further coil, a so-called center coil 17, is arranged, the function of which is to generate a magnetic field during energization which compensates for the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 8.
  • the locking effect is canceled by magnetic closure or at least reduced, so that the actuator 15 can be adjusted from the center position easier and faster in one or the other end position.
  • the adjustment of the permanent magnet 8 and the actuator 15 from the illustrated center position is performed by energizing one or both coils 3, 4, so either an attraction force on the permanent magnet or an attraction of a coil and a repulsive force of the other coil on the permanent magnets act.
  • the respective plunger armature 13 or 14 dips into a corresponding, likewise conical opening 5a or 6a of the yoke 5 or 6. This increases the magnetic attraction or repulsion force.
  • the anti-sling discs 11, 12 prevent sticking of the permanent magnet 8 in one of the two end positions. In the middle position shown, the two coils 3, 4 are de-energized.
  • the illustrated actuator 1 thus has three locking positions, namely two end positions and a central position, and is so tristable. In the two end positions of the permanent magnet 8 holds the actuator 15 magnetically fixed to the yoke 5 or 6 and thus produces two stable end positions, the coils 3, 4 are de-energized.
  • Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the magnetic flux of the two coils 3, 4 from Fig. 1 and the arranged on the anchor rod 7 permanent magnet 8.
  • the magnetic flux and its direction is in the coils 3, 4 marked by arrows oval lines 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b.
  • the current direction in the two coils 3, 4 is represented by the symbols point ( ⁇ ) and cross (X).
  • the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8, which has a north pole N and a south pole S, is indicated by the line trace 8a.
  • the representation of the current flow and the magnetic flux corresponds to the switching process in which the permanent magnet 8 in its center position (see. Fig. 1 ) is moved.
  • both coils 3, 4 are traversed by the current in the same direction, ie they form identical magnetic fields 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b.
  • the coil 3 forms on the side facing the permanent magnet 8 a south pole and the coil 4 on the permanent magnet 8 side facing a north pole with the result that on the north pole N and the south pole S of the permanent magnet 8 each repulsive forces F act.
  • the permanent magnet 8 is thus moved in its central position between the two coils 3, 4. There he is through the holding pole 16 (see. Fig. 1 ) - magnetically locked as described above. After the permanent magnet 8 has reached its stable center position, the coils 3, 4 are de-energized.
  • Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the coils 3, 4 in a switching operation, by which the permanent magnet 8 and the actuator 15 (see. Fig. 1 ) is moved to an end position.
  • the coils 3, 4 are traversed in opposite directions from the current, the lower coil 3 as the coil 3 in Fig. 2 is switched. Therefore, the magnetic flux is also denoted by 3a, 3b.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Rear-View Mirror Devices That Are Mounted On The Exterior Of The Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

An electromagnetic control mechanism (1) with an actuating element (15) which can move longitudinally and can be retained in three stable positions. By way of two coils (3, 4), the actuating element (15) can be switched to a first or to a second stable position, namely, the two opposed end positions. The actuating element (15) comprises an actuator rod (7) with a permanent magnet (8) arranged on the actuator rod (7), such that the actuating element (15) can be retained magnetically in the third stable position by the permanent magnet (8).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.

Elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtungen, auch Aktoren oder Aktuatoren, Stellmotore oder Hubmagnete genannt, sind in der Regelungstechnik bekannt. Beispielsweise dienen sie dem Antrieb oder der Verstellung von Ventilen oder Klappen zur Durchflussregelung von gasförmigen oder flüssigen Medien. Die meisten elektromagnetischen Aktuatoren sind bistabil, d. h. sie weisen nur zwei stabile Stellungen auf, z. B. auf oder zu.Electromagnetic actuators, also called actuators or actuators, servo motors or solenoids, are known in control engineering. For example, they are used to drive or adjust valves or valves for flow control of gaseous or liquid media. Most electromagnetic actuators are bistable, i. H. they have only two stable positions, z. B. open or close.

Durch die DE 103 10 448 A1 wurde ein bistabiler Aktuator bekannt, welcher zwei Spulen und einen als Permanentmagneten ausgebildeten, auf einer Ankerstange angeordneten Anker aufweist. Der Permanentmagnet weist eine in Verschieberichtung des Ankers ausgerichtete Polarität auf und wird von den Spulen entweder in der einen oder in der anderen Endlage gehalten. Die Spulenanordnung bildet dabei einen Zweipol, wodurch der Permanentmagnet von einer Spule angezogen und gleichzeitig von der anderen Spule abgestoßen wird und umgekehrt. Dadurch wird die Schaltzeit verkürzt.By the DE 103 10 448 A1 a bistable actuator has been known, which has two coils and an armature formed as a permanent magnet, arranged on an anchor rod. The permanent magnet has a polarity oriented in the displacement direction of the armature and is held by the coils either in one or in the other end position. The coil assembly forms a two-terminal, whereby the permanent magnet is attracted by a coil and repelled simultaneously from the other coil and vice versa. This shortens the switching time.

Durch die DE 102 07 828 A1 wurde ein bistabiler elektromagnetischer Hubmagnet mit einem Permanentmagneten bekannt, dessen Polarität radial, d. h. quer zur Bewegungsrichtung des Ankers ausgerichtet ist.By the DE 102 07 828 A1 has been known a bistable electromagnetic solenoid with a permanent magnet whose polarity is oriented radially, ie transversely to the direction of movement of the armature.

Neben den bistabilen sind auch tristabile Aktuatoren bekannt: Durch die DE 1 892 313 U wurde ein Elektrohubmagnet mit drei Raststellungen, zwei äußeren Endlagen und einer Mittelstellung, bekannt gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Der Elektrohubmagnet weist insgesamt vier Spulen, zwei stationäre Permanentmagnete, zwei äußere Gehäuse-Gegenpole, zwei innere Gehäuse-Gegenpole sowie zwei auf einer Stößelstange längs beweglich angeordnete Anker auf. Eine Endlage wird jeweils durch Bestromung einer äußeren Spule erreicht, indem der Anker von der bestromten Spule angezogen wird. Die Mittelstellung der Stößelstange wird dagegen durch die permanentmagnetisch gehaltenen Anker erreicht, indem diese beiderseits an den inneren Gehäuse-Gegenpolen (Trennwand) anliegen. Nachteilig bei dem bekannten Elektrohubmagnet sind die Vielzahl der Teile, z. B. vier Spulen, zwei Permanentmagnete und zwei Anker sowie das damit verbundene Mehrgewicht.In addition to the bistable and tristable actuators are known: Through the DE 1 892 313 U was a Elektrohubmagnet with three detent positions, two outer end positions and a center position, known according to the preamble of claim 1. The Elektrohubmagnet has a total of four coils, two stationary permanent magnets, two outer housing opposite poles, two inner housing opposite poles and two on one Push rod longitudinally movably arranged anchor. An end position is achieved in each case by energizing an outer coil by the armature is attracted by the energized coil. The middle position of the push rod is, however, achieved by the permanently magnetically held anchor by these rest on both sides of the inner housing opposite poles (partition). A disadvantage of the known Elektrohubmagnet are the large number of parts, eg. B. four coils, two permanent magnets and two anchors and the associated additional weight.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art mit geringem konstruktiven Aufwand und einer verminderten Zahl von Einzelteilen kostengünstig herzustellen.It is an object of the present invention to produce an electromagnetic actuator of the type mentioned with low design cost and a reduced number of items cost.

Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.The object of the invention is solved by the features of claim 1.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung sind die beiden Spulen jeweils an den Enden eines Polrohres, d. h. eines Rohres aus magnetischem Werkstoff angeordnet und weisen jeweils ein Joch, vorzugsweise aus einem ferromagnetischen Werkstoff auf. Damit wird der Magnetfluss über Joch und Polrohr geleitet, sodass je nach Bestromung der Spule eine unterschiedliche Polarität ausgebildet werden kann.In an advantageous embodiment, the two coils are each at the ends of a pole tube, d. H. a tube of magnetic material and each have a yoke, preferably made of a ferromagnetic material. Thus, the magnetic flux is passed through the yoke and pole tube, so that depending on the energization of the coil, a different polarity can be formed.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist die Stellstange koaxial zum Polrohr angeordnet und innerhalb von Öffnungen der Joche gleitend gelagert. Dem Permanentmagneten ist ein vorzugsweise ringförmig ausgebildeter Haltepol zugeordnet, welcher bevorzugt innerhalb des Polrohres und etwa in der Mitte zwischen den beiden Spulen angeordnet ist. Der Haltepol ist aus einem magnetischen Werkstoff hergestellt und wird - bei der dritten Raststellung, d. h. der Mittelstellung des Ankers - vom Magnetfluss des Permanentmagneten durchflutet. Durch den Magnetschluss zwischen Haltepol und Permanentmagnet ergibt sich eine magnetische Arretierung des Stellgliedes bei stromlosen Spulen.In a further advantageous embodiment, the control rod is arranged coaxially to the pole tube and slidably mounted within openings of the yokes. The permanent magnet is assigned a preferably ring-shaped holding pole, which preferably within the pole tube and approximately in the Middle is arranged between the two coils. The holding pole is made of a magnetic material and is - flooded by the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet - in the third detent position, ie the center position of the armature. The magnetic connection between the holding pole and the permanent magnet results in a magnetic locking of the actuator with currentless coils.

Zur Verstärkung des Magnetflusses des Permanentmagneten können auf dessen Stirnseiten Flussbleche angeordnet sein. Vorteilhaft ist es auch, wenn auf den Flussblechen zusätzlich Antiklebscheiben angeordnet sind, welche ein Anhaften des Permanentmagneten am Spulenjoch verhindern.To reinforce the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet flow plates can be arranged on the end faces. It is also advantageous if additionally anti-adhesive discs are arranged on the flow plates, which prevent the permanent magnet from adhering to the coil yoke.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung sind auf den Stirnseiten des Permanentmagneten vorzugsweise konisch ausgebildete Tauchanker vorgesehen, welche in entsprechende Öffnungen im Spulenjoch eintauchen. Damit wird die magnetische Anziehungskraft der Spulen auf das Stellglied erhöht.In a further advantageous embodiment, preferably conical plunger anchors are provided on the end faces of the permanent magnet, which dip into corresponding openings in the coil yoke. This increases the magnetic attraction of the coils on the actuator.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist die Polarität des Permanentmagneten in Verschieberichtung des Stellgliedes und der Stellstange ausgerichtet. Dadurch wird auf einer Stirnseite ein Nordpol und auf der entgegengesetzten Stirnseite des Permanentmagneten ein Südpol gebildet. Je nach Bestromung der Spulen können somit eine Anziehungskraft und/oder eine abstoßende Kraft auf den Permanentmagneten ausgeübt werden, sodass dieser in die eine oder andere Endlage verschoben wird.In a further advantageous embodiment, the polarity of the permanent magnet is aligned in the direction of displacement of the actuator and the control rod. As a result, a north pole is formed on one end face and a south pole is formed on the opposite end face of the permanent magnet. Depending on the energization of the coils thus an attractive force and / or a repulsive force can be exerted on the permanent magnet, so that it is moved to one or the other end position.

In weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung kann im Bereich des Haltepols eine weitere Spule, eine so genannte Mittelspule, angeordnet sein, welche bei entsprechender Bestromung die arretierende Wirkung des Permanentmagneten in seiner Mittelstellung aufhebt und damit eine schnellere Verstellung des Stellgliedes in die eine oder andere Endlage erlaubt. Damit wird die Dynamik des Aktuators verbessert.In a further advantageous embodiment, in the region of the holding pole, a further coil, a so-called center coil, can be arranged which, with appropriate energization, cancels the arresting effect of the permanent magnet in its middle position and thus permits a faster adjustment of the actuator into one or the other end position. This improves the dynamics of the actuator.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird im Folgenden näher beschrieben. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine erfindungsgemäße elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung im Schnitt,
  • Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung des Magnetflusses beim Schalten in die Mittelstellung und
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung des Magnetflusses beim Schalten in die Endlagen.
An embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be described in more detail below. Show it
  • Fig. 1 an inventive electromagnetic actuator in section,
  • Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the magnetic flux when switching to the center position and
  • Fig. 3 a schematic representation of the magnetic flux when switching to the end positions.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine elektromagnetische Stellvorrichtung 1, auch elektrodynamischer Aktuator oder Aktor genannt. Der Aktuator 1 weist ein zylindrisches, magnetisches Polrohr 2 auf, in welchem an dessen Enden zwei Spulen 3, 4 mit jeweils einem Joch 5, 6 angeordnet sind. Die Spulen 3, 4 sind an eine nicht dargestellte Stromversorgung angeschlossen und können in unterschiedlichen Stromrichtungen bestromt werden, sodass entgegengesetzte Polaritäten ausgebildet werden können. Koaxial zum Polrohr ist eine Stellstange 7, auch Ankerstange genannt, angeordnet und in den beiden Jochs 5, 6 gleitend und längsverschiebbar gelagert. Etwa in der Mitte der Stellstange 7 ist ein scheibenförmig ausgebildeter Permanentmagnet 8 angeordnet und fest mit der Stellstange verbunden. Auf den Stirnseiten des Permanentmagneten 8 sind Flussleitbleche 9, 10 angeordnet, welche den Permanentmagnetfluss verstärken. Auf der Außenseite der Flussleitbleche 9, 10 sind jeweils Antiklebscheiben 11, 12 oder eine die Haftung an den Jochen 5, 6 verhindernde Beschichtung angeordnet. Ferner sind jeweils stirnseitig am Permanentmagneten 8 und auf der Ankerstange 7 konisch ausgebildete Tauchanker 13, 14 angeordnet und befestigt. Die Stell- oder Ankerstange 7, der Permanentmagnet 8 in Verbindung mit den Flussleitblechen 9, 10, den Antiklebscheiben 11, 12 und den Tauchankern 13, 14 bilden das Stellglied 15 der Stellvorrichtung bzw. des Aktuators 1. In der Zeichnung ist das Stellglied 15 in seiner Mittelstellung, d. h. in der Mitte zwischen den beiden Spulen 3, 4 dargestellt. Koaxial zum Permanentmagneten 8 ist innerhalb des Polrohres 2 ein ringförmiger Haltepol 16 angeordnet, welcher den Umfang des Permanentmagneten 8 umschließt. Wie aus der Zeichnung ersichtlich, weist der ringförmige Haltepol 16 einen geringeren Innendurchmesser als das Polrohr 2 auf, d. h. der Haltepol 16 bildet eine radiale Verengung des Polrohres 2. Der Permanentmagnet 8 bildet über die Flussleitbleche 9, 10 mit dem aus einem magnetischen Werkstoff bestehenden Haltepol 16 einen Magnetschluss, d. h. der Permanentmagnet 8 und mit ihm die Stellstange 7 werden in der dargestellten Position durch die magnetischen Kräfte des Permanentmagneten 8 gehalten. Der Permanentmagnet 8 weist eine in Richtung der Ankerstange 7 ausgebildete Polarität auf, d. h. an seiner einen Stirnseite befindet sich ein Nordpol und an der anderen Stirnseite ein Südpol. Radial außerhalb des Haltepols 16 ist eine weitere Spule, eine so genannte Mittelspule 17, angeordnet, deren Funktion darin besteht, bei Bestromung ein Magnetfeld zu erzeugen, welches das magnetische Feld des Permanentmagneten 8 kompensiert. Dadurch wird die Arretierwirkung durch magnetischen Schluss aufgehoben oder zumindest vermindert, sodass das Stellglied 15 aus der Mittelstellung leichter und schneller in die eine oder andere Endlage verstellt werden kann. Dies erhöht die Dynamik der Stellvorrichtung 1. Die Verstellung des Permanentmagneten 8 bzw. des Stellgliedes 15 aus der dargestellten Mittelstellung erfolgt durch Bestromung einer oder beider Spulen 3, 4, sodass entweder eine Anziehungskraft auf den Permanentmagneten oder eine Anziehungskraft der einen Spule und eine Abstoßungskraft der anderen Spule auf den Permanentmagneten wirken. Beim Anschlag des Permanentmagneten 8 auf das Joch 5 oder 6 taucht der jeweilige Tauchanker 13 oder 14 in eine entsprechende, ebenfalls konisch ausgebildete Öffnung 5a oder 6a des Jochs 5 oder 6 ein. Dadurch wird die magnetische Anziehungs- oder Abstoßungskraft erhöht. Die Antiklebscheiben 11, 12 verhindern ein Festkleben des Permanentmagneten 8 in einer der beiden Endlagen. In der dargestellten Mittelstellung sind die beiden Spulen 3, 4 stromlos. Der dargestellte Aktuator 1 weist somit drei Raststellungen auf, nämlich zwei Endlagen und eine Mittellage, und ist damit tristabil. In den beiden Endlagen hält der Permanentmagnet 8 das Stellglied 15 magnetisch am Joch 5 oder 6 fest und stellt damit zwei stabile Endlagen her, wobei die Spulen 3, 4 stromlos sind. Fig. 1 shows an electromagnetic actuator 1, also called electrodynamic actuator or actuator. The actuator 1 has a cylindrical, magnetic pole tube 2, in which two coils 3, 4, each with a yoke 5, 6 are arranged at its ends. The coils 3, 4 are connected to a power supply, not shown, and can be energized in different current directions, so that opposite polarities can be formed. Coaxially to the pole tube, an actuating rod 7, also called anchor rod, arranged and mounted in the two yokes 5, 6 sliding and longitudinally displaceable. Approximately in the middle of the control rod 7, a disc-shaped permanent magnet 8 is arranged and fixedly connected to the control rod. On the end faces of the permanent magnet 8 flux guide plates 9, 10 are arranged, which reinforce the permanent magnet flux. On the outside of the flux guide plates 9, 10 are each anti-sling discs 11, 12 or a liability to the yokes 5, 6 preventing coating arranged. Further, each end face on the permanent magnet 8 and on the anchor rod 7 conically shaped plunger 13, 14 are arranged and fixed. The adjusting or anchor rod 7, the permanent magnet 8 in conjunction with the Flussleitblechen 9, 10, the anti-adhesive discs 11, 12 and the plunger anchors 13, 14 form the actuator 15 of the actuator or the actuator 1. In the drawing, the actuator 15 in its middle position, ie in the middle between the two coils 3, 4 shown. Coaxially to the permanent magnet 8, an annular holding pole 16 is arranged within the pole tube 2, which surrounds the circumference of the permanent magnet 8. As can be seen from the drawing, the annular holding pole 16 has a smaller inner diameter than the pole tube 2, ie, the holding pole 16 forms a radial narrowing of the pole tube 2. The permanent magnet 8 forms over the flux guide plates 9, 10 with the holding pole made of a magnetic material 16 a magnetic circuit, that is, the permanent magnet 8 and with it the adjusting rod 7 are held in the position shown by the magnetic forces of the permanent magnet 8. The permanent magnet 8 has a polarity formed in the direction of the armature rod 7, ie at its one end face there is a north pole and at the other end side a south pole. Radially outside the holding pole 16, a further coil, a so-called center coil 17, is arranged, the function of which is to generate a magnetic field during energization which compensates for the magnetic field of the permanent magnet 8. As a result, the locking effect is canceled by magnetic closure or at least reduced, so that the actuator 15 can be adjusted from the center position easier and faster in one or the other end position. This increases the dynamics of the adjusting device 1. The adjustment of the permanent magnet 8 and the actuator 15 from the illustrated center position is performed by energizing one or both coils 3, 4, so either an attraction force on the permanent magnet or an attraction of a coil and a repulsive force of the other coil on the permanent magnets act. When the permanent magnet 8 abuts the yoke 5 or 6, the respective plunger armature 13 or 14 dips into a corresponding, likewise conical opening 5a or 6a of the yoke 5 or 6. This increases the magnetic attraction or repulsion force. The anti-sling discs 11, 12 prevent sticking of the permanent magnet 8 in one of the two end positions. In the middle position shown, the two coils 3, 4 are de-energized. The illustrated actuator 1 thus has three locking positions, namely two end positions and a central position, and is so tristable. In the two end positions of the permanent magnet 8 holds the actuator 15 magnetically fixed to the yoke 5 or 6 and thus produces two stable end positions, the coils 3, 4 are de-energized.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung des Magnetflusses der beiden Spulen 3, 4 aus Fig. 1 und des auf der Ankerstange 7 angeordneten Permanentmagneten 8. Der Magnetfluss und seine Richtung ist bei den Spulen 3, 4 durch mit Pfeilen gekennzeichnete ovale Linienzüge 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b gekennzeichnet. Die Stromrichtung in den beiden Spulen 3, 4 ist durch die Symbole Punkt (·) und Kreuz (X) dargestellt. Der Magnetfluss des Permanentmagneten 8, der einen Nordpol N und einen Südpol S aufweist, ist durch den Linienzug 8a gekennzeichnet. Die Darstellung der Bestromung und des Magnetflusses entspricht dem Schaltvorgang, bei welchem der Permanentmagnet 8 in seine Mittelstellung (vgl. Fig. 1) bewegt wird. Wie die Stromsymbole zeigen, sind beide Spulen 3, 4 in derselben Richtung vom Strom durchflossen, d. h. sie bilden gleiche Magnetfelder 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b aus. Dadurch bildet die Spule 3 auf der dem Permanentmagneten 8 zugewandten Seite einen Südpol und die Spule 4 auf der dem Permanentmagneten 8 zugewandten Seite einen Nordpol aus mit der Folge, dass auf den Nordpol N und den Südpol S des Permanentmagneten 8 jeweils abstoßende Kräfte F einwirken. Der Permanentmagnet 8 wird somit in seine Mittelstellung zwischen den beiden Spulen 3, 4 verschoben. Dort wird er durch den Haltepol 16 (vgl. Fig. 1) - wie oben beschrieben - magnetisch arretiert. Nachdem der Permanentmagnet 8 seine stabile Mittelstellung erreicht hat, werden die Spulen 3, 4 stromlos geschaltet. Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the magnetic flux of the two coils 3, 4 from Fig. 1 and the arranged on the anchor rod 7 permanent magnet 8. The magnetic flux and its direction is in the coils 3, 4 marked by arrows oval lines 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b. The current direction in the two coils 3, 4 is represented by the symbols point (·) and cross (X). The magnetic flux of the permanent magnet 8, which has a north pole N and a south pole S, is indicated by the line trace 8a. The representation of the current flow and the magnetic flux corresponds to the switching process in which the permanent magnet 8 in its center position (see. Fig. 1 ) is moved. As the current symbols show, both coils 3, 4 are traversed by the current in the same direction, ie they form identical magnetic fields 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b. As a result, the coil 3 forms on the side facing the permanent magnet 8 a south pole and the coil 4 on the permanent magnet 8 side facing a north pole with the result that on the north pole N and the south pole S of the permanent magnet 8 each repulsive forces F act. The permanent magnet 8 is thus moved in its central position between the two coils 3, 4. There he is through the holding pole 16 (see. Fig. 1 ) - magnetically locked as described above. After the permanent magnet 8 has reached its stable center position, the coils 3, 4 are de-energized.

Fig. 3 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der Spulen 3, 4 bei einem Schaltvorgang, durch welchen der Permanentmagnet 8 bzw. das Stellglied 15 (vgl. Fig. 1) in eine Endlage bewegt wird. Bei diesem Schaltvorgang sind die Spulen 3, 4 in entgegengesetzten Richtungen vom Strom durchflossen, wobei die untere Spule 3 wie die Spule 3 in Fig. 2 geschaltet ist. Daher ist der Magnetfluss ebenfalls mit 3a, 3b bezeichnet. Die obere Spule 4 dagegen weist einen gegenüber der Darstellung in Fig. 2 entgegengesetzten Magnetfluss, dargestellt durch die ovalen Linienzüge 4c, 4d, auf. Demzufolge werden auf den dem Permanentmagneten 8 zugewandten Seiten der Spulen 3, 4 jeweils Südpole ausgebildet mit der Folge, dass auf den Südpol S des Permanentmagneten 8 eine Schubkraft F1 und auf den Nordpol N eine Zugkraft F2 wirkt. Damit wirken beide Spulen 3, 4 bei der Verschiebung des Stellgliedes 15 (Fig. 1) zusammen in die gleiche Richtung, sodass sich kürzere Schaltzeiten und eine verbesserte Dynamik ergeben. Wie oben zu Fig. 1 erwähnt, hält sich der Permanentmagnet 8 am Spulenjoch 5 oder 6 durch seine Permanentmagnetkräfte, sodass die Spulen 3, 4 nach Erreichen der stabilen Endlagen stromlos geschaltet werden können. Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the coils 3, 4 in a switching operation, by which the permanent magnet 8 and the actuator 15 (see. Fig. 1 ) is moved to an end position. In this switching process, the coils 3, 4 are traversed in opposite directions from the current, the lower coil 3 as the coil 3 in Fig. 2 is switched. Therefore, the magnetic flux is also denoted by 3a, 3b. The upper coil 4, however, points one opposite the representation in Fig. 2 opposite magnetic flux, represented by the oval polylines 4c, 4d, on. Accordingly, south poles are respectively formed on the sides of the coils 3, 4 facing the permanent magnet 8, with the result that a thrust force F1 acts on the south pole S of the permanent magnet 8 and a tensile force F2 acts on the north pole N. Thus, both coils 3, 4 during the displacement of the actuator 15 (FIG. Fig. 1 ) together in the same direction, resulting in shorter shift times and improved dynamics. As above Fig. 1 mentioned, the permanent magnet 8 holds on Spulenjoch 5 or 6 by its permanent magnet forces, so that the coils 3, 4 can be switched de-energized after reaching the stable end positions.

Bezugszeichenreference numeral

11
elektrodynamischer Aktuatorelectrodynamic actuator
22
Polrohrpole tube
33
SpuleKitchen sink
3a3a
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
3b3b
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
44
SpuleKitchen sink
4a4a
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
4b4b
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
4c4c
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
4d4d
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
55
Jochyoke
5a5a
Öffnungopening
66
Jochyoke
6a6a
Öffnungopening
77
Stellstangecontrol rod
88th
Permanentmagnetpermanent magnet
8a8a
Magnetflussmagnetic flux
99
Flussleitblechflux deflector
1010
Flussleitblechflux deflector
1111
Antiklebscheibeanti-adhesion disc
1212
Antiklebscheibeanti-adhesion disc
1313
Tauchankerplunger
1414
Tauchankerplunger
1515
Stellgliedactuator
1616
HaltepolHaltepol
1717
Mittelspulemeans coil
NN
NordpolNorth Pole
SS
SüdpolSouth Pole
FF
Magnetkraftmagnetic force
F1F1
Schubkraftthrust
F2F2
Zugkrafttraction

Claims (12)

  1. Electromagnetic actuating apparatus (1) having a longitudinally moving actuating element (15) which can be locked in three latching positions and comprises an actuating rod (7) and a permanent magnet (8), and also having two coils (3, 4) by means of which the actuating element (15) can be switched into a first or a second latching position, the end positions, it being possible for the actuating apparatus to be magnetically locked by the permanent magnet in the third latching position, characterized in that current can flow through the two coils (3, 4) in the same direction and in the opposite direction, and in that the actuating element (15) comprises the permanent magnet (8) which is arranged on the actuating rod (7).
  2. Actuating apparatus according to Claim 1, characterized in that the coils (3, 4) are arranged at the ends in a pole tube (2).
  3. Actuating apparatus according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the actuating rod (7) is arranged coaxially to the pole tube (2).
  4. Actuating apparatus according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the permanent magnet (8) - as seen in the axial direction - is arranged between the coils (3, 4).
  5. Actuating apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a retaining pole (16) is arranged between the coils (3, 4).
  6. Actuating apparatus according to Claim 5, characterized in that the retaining pole (16) is of annular design and forms a closed magnetic circuit with the permanent magnet (8) in the third latching position.
  7. Actuating apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the permanent magnet (8) has an axially oriented polarity (N, S).
  8. Actuating apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that flux guide plates (9, 10) are arranged on the end faces of the permanent magnet (8).
  9. Actuating apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that anti-adhesive means, in particular anti-adhesive discs (11, 12), are arranged on the flux guide plates (9, 10).
  10. Actuating apparatus according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coils (3, 4) each have a yoke (5, 6) with a coaxial opening (5a, 6a).
  11. Actuating apparatus according to Claim 10, characterized in that plunger-type armatures (13, 14) are arranged on the actuating rod (7) on either side of the permanent magnet (8), it being possible for said plunger-type armatures to enter the openings (5a, 6a).
  12. Actuating apparatus according to one of Claims 5 to 11, characterized in that a further coil, a central coil (17), is arranged in the region of the retaining pole (16).
EP09718492A 2008-03-06 2009-02-11 Electromagnetic actuating mechanism Active EP2250651B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008000534A DE102008000534A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2008-03-06 Electromagnetic actuator
PCT/EP2009/051535 WO2009109444A1 (en) 2008-03-06 2009-02-11 Electromagnetic actuating mechanism

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EP2250651A1 EP2250651A1 (en) 2010-11-17
EP2250651B1 true EP2250651B1 (en) 2011-08-03

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US (1) US8228149B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2250651B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2011513979A (en)
KR (1) KR20100125287A (en)
CN (1) CN101946292A (en)
AT (1) ATE519207T1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2009109444A1 (en)

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CN101946292A (en) 2011-01-12
WO2009109444A1 (en) 2009-09-11
JP2011513979A (en) 2011-04-28
US8228149B2 (en) 2012-07-24
ATE519207T1 (en) 2011-08-15
EP2250651A1 (en) 2010-11-17
US20110001591A1 (en) 2011-01-06
KR20100125287A (en) 2010-11-30
DE102008000534A1 (en) 2009-09-10

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