EP2250028B1 - Value and/or security document comprising a fine line pattern, and method for the production thereof - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a value and / or security document, comprising a monolithic document body, which is assembled from a plurality of substrate layers, wherein on at least one of the substrate layers printing technology a security print pattern is applied as a security feature comprising a fine line pattern. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a value and / or security document.

Prior art and background of the invention

Security and / or security documents include passports, identity cards, identification cards, access authorization cards, credit cards, debit cards, telephone cards, banknotes, driver's licenses, etc. One group of these security and value documents comprises a monolithic document body made of a plurality of plastic layers. These are preferably joined together by a lamination process to form a monolithic body.

Security and / or security documents contain individualizing and / or personalizing and / or other identifying information that enables the value and / or security document to be assigned to a value, object and / or person and / or group of persons. For example, a credit card contains information about a credit card account and an account holder, as well as the account-holding bank. The credit card makes it possible for the assigned user to initiate payments to third parties from the corresponding account by the bank. An identification document, such as a passport or identity card, includes personal information about an associated user and information indicating an issuer, such as a state, of the identification document. The identification document may use the assigned person to identify himself.

In order to prevent or at least complicate copying, copying and / or falsifying value and / or security documents, the value and / or Security documents incorporated security features. In this case, a large number of security features are known in the prior art.

One group of security features includes printing by applying a security print pattern. Security print patterns are considered to be patterns which are designed in such a way that imitation and / or falsification by an unauthorized body is only difficult or preferably impossible. A group of security print patterns includes a fine line pattern. Such fine line patterns are used classically, in particular in the case of printing equipment for identification documents, securities and banknotes. The fine lines are often used in such a high line density per area that they are initially perceived by a viewer who views the value and / or security document not as individual lines, but as an area with a texture or a color value. For example, a brightness and / or intensity with which a hue is perceived depends on a number of lines per area.

From the WO 84/02309 A1 a plastic card is known for security, identification or banking purposes. The plastic card has a substrate with an ink pad in which a picture is engraved. A transparent protective film is laminated over the entire upper surface of the card. The film has an ink pattern that contrasts the ink pad, allowing the image to be seen through the contrasting ink pattern. Offset printing on an upper surface of the substrate includes a security guilloche pattern of fine lines aligned with the ink pattern when the film is disposed in register with the card.

From the JP 2006 123207 A For example, there are known printed matters in which a pattern using lines is applied to a base material and some letters or characters are included in the pattern and formed by the lines.

From the JP 2000 118121 A For example, a method of forming a machine readable printed element is known. Alternately, printed and non-printed elements are alternately arranged in a line. The printed elements have different lengths along a scan direction and across a scan direction to encode hidden information thereon.

From the DE 10 2006 019 616 A1 a value and / or security document with a graphic element is known, wherein the graphic element is formed from a plurality of lines extending at least in a subarea substantially parallel lines, wherein each arranged in the subarea lines with respect to their width and / or their Spaced from each other with the proviso are formed so that a sequence of the line in the sub-area encodes a character or a string. For example, the lines may be guilloche lines of a guilloche pattern. For the method is described that the graphical element is printed, for example, on a substrate of the security and / or security document. Examples of printing methods include wet offset printing, waterless offset printing, screen printing, ink jet printing, gravure printing, (steel or copper) intaglio printing, flexographic printing, indirect high-pressure (Letterset) and direct high-pressure (letterpress printing). As substrates materials on paper and / or plastic basis are called.

The described security and / or security document as well as the method for its production are indeed suitable for forming an additional, generally hidden, security feature. Nevertheless, coding is possible only in certain subareas or only in certain line patterns, the specific Meet requirements for parallelism of different lines in a partial area of the graphical element or a line pattern.

Technical problem of the invention

Basically, there is the need to integrate as many and different security elements, which are as difficult as possible to imitate for a counterfeiter, in a value and / or security document.

The invention is therefore based on the technical problem of creating a novel security feature for a value and / or security document of the type mentioned above and to provide a method for its production.

Description of the invention

To solve the technical problem is provided according to the invention to divide a fine line pattern security print pattern into at least two separations, which complement each other, so that when printing each of the printing extracts in each case a proportion of at least one fine line of the fine line pattern is printed, and at least two print separations to print with at least two different printing methods, wherein at least one print separation by means of (forcibly) pressure points using printing method is printed and at least one printout is printed by a printing process that prints the shares or the at least one line as a smooth contour or smooth contours , This results in a value and / or security document comprising a fine line pattern, in which one, preferably several fine lines are produced by means of two different print separations, which complement each other and are produced with different printing methods. One or more portions of the at least one line, or preferably several lines, are made with a printing method using printing dots. Pressure points can have different shapes. Another portion or other portions are made by a printing process which prints them as smooth contours. As a printing method, smooth contours are considered a printing method capable of printing a line of constant line width with edges of the line substantially parallel to each other and following the course of the line. Such a printing process is capable To produce print images that do not necessarily show a splitting into pixels (smallest pixels), ie, an existence of pressure points, on an enlarged scale. Depending on the resolution used when printing the fine line pattern or depending on the design of the fine line pattern, it is possible without or only with technical aids to recognize and distinguish the different proportions of at least one line due to their different print image. With a suitable choice of the printing resolution and / or a line thickness, it is thus not readily possible for a human observer to recognize without technical aids that one or more lines are produced by means of different printing processes. By means of technical aids, however, a clear identification of the different proportions in the printed image is possible. In addition, a manipulation of a portion of at least one fine line is usually easy to recognize for a viewer.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that one of the at least two different printing methods is a printing dot-printing ink-jet printing method. This makes it possible to print a significantly different printed image, which can be easily customized and / or personalized.

As a printing method which prints the at least one line or portions thereof as continuous, smooth portions or contours, a wet offset printing method, a waterless offset printing method or a direct and indirect high-pressure method are particularly suitable.

A decomposition of the at least two pressure separations is preferably carried out such that the at least two pressure separations each comprise a plurality of line sections of the at least one fine line. The complete at least one fine line results only from a register-accurate pressure of the line sections of the at least two pressure separations. An individual one of the at least two pressure extracts thus does not include the complete contour information of the at least one fine line.

The line segments of a print separation are separate sections of the at least one fine line. This means that there is always a gap between two sections in the line.

An anti-counterfeiting security is increased by the fact that the at least one fine line with alternating color gradients between at least two shades is applied by printing technology. As shades or colors are understood here by a human observer perceived color impressions. Ideally, such a line pattern can be printed by means of two inks, each having one of the hues. In a preferred embodiment, the printing extracts each print a color component of the at least one line.

To make a smooth color transition, i. In one embodiment of the invention, a type of iris printing is provided in that the line segments of the various of the at least two printing extracts are printed partially overlapping each other. In the overlap area, a color impression is formed which results from color addition and / or color subtraction for a human observer. This color impression is a mixed color between the two shades that are used to print the at least two print separations.

In order to ensure the smoothest possible transition, it is provided in a preferred embodiment of the invention that the at least two pressure separations, each comprising a plurality of line sections of the at least one fine line, are formed so that the line sections each have a line thickness to the ends of Remove each line section. This means that the individual line sections, which preferably overlap at their ends with a line section of another pressure separation, are tapered. This ensures that an area color component of a line section to its ends decreases in each case. If the various line sections of the various of the at least two printing separations are printed in a partially overlapping manner, this can take place such that a surface portion of the one line section decreases to the same extent as a line thickness of the other overlapping printed line section increases.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the line sections of the at least one pressure separation produced by means of the ink-jet printing are or are produced from printing points overlapping only in the line-length direction. This means that the at least one fine line is produced by a juxtaposition of pressure points which overlap along a tangent at a contour of the at least one fine line. The at least one fine line thus represents a single-row, possibly along a direction overlapping sequence of pressure points is.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a line thickness of the at least one pressure separation, which is or is produced by means of ink-jet printing, is or will be varied over a pressure point size. A taper to the ends of line sections is thus brought about by reducing a pressure spot size. Alternatively and additionally, it can be provided that a number of pressure points along a course of the at least one fine line or a line section is varied, for example reduced, in order to reduce a color component per area. This may additionally or alternatively be reduced by a dot size, i. a taper of a line thickness, used to produce as smooth a color transition as possible between two different hues in which overlapping line sections are printed. Since printing methods which print the at least one fine line or line sections as smooth contours or smooth contour sections generally allow finer line thicknesses to be realized than printing methods using printing dots, such as ink-jet printing, an embodiment of the invention can provide the line portions taper to their ends in the printing separation in which the line portions are printed as a smooth contour, and the line portions made with the printing method using the printing dots decrease a density of the printing dots to the ends of the portions to obtain a good uniform color transition to obtain. Of course, in addition, a pressure point size can be varied.

Use of a fine line pattern has historically been common on substrates made on a paper basis. However, in order to provide in particular security documents, which are or are made exclusively of substrate layers, which consist of a plastic material, with a fine line pattern, it is provided in one embodiment of the invention to print the fine line pattern at least partially on the at least one substrate layer, which is a plastic layer. Preferably, the entire fine line pattern or the at least one fine line is printed exclusively on substrate layers of plastic materials. In this way, other security features that are incorporated or incorporated in or on the substrate layers of plastic materials can be further secured by the printed fine line pattern.

An increase in the security against forgery is achieved by printing the at least two print separations on different substrate surfaces of the substrate layers, so that they complement each other in register for a consideration of the security printing pattern.

In one embodiment, it is provided that the at least two pressure separations are printed on opposite surfaces of a substrate layer. In this case, it is understood that a print separation printed on the underside must be designed mirror-inverted, so that when viewed from one side of the substrate layer, which must be transparent or translucent, the two pressure excerpts to the security print pattern complement each other register.

A further increase in the security against counterfeiting is achieved by printing the different print separations on substrate layer surfaces of different substrate layers. In this case, in addition to a very accurate printing-technical adjustment of the imprint relative to the substrate layer, a very precise collation and exact joining of the substrate layers to the monolithic composite body is necessary.

As a fine line pattern is preferably a geometrical laws following entangled protective lines applied by printing technology. Such a protective line is called a guilloche pattern. The individual lines of such a guilloche pattern are called guilloches.

In principle, materials which are customary in the field of security and / or value documents can be used as materials for the substrate layers. Preferably, polymer layers are used. The polymer layers can, identically or differently, be based on a polymer material from the group comprising PC (polycarbonate, in particular bisphenol A polycarbonate), PET (polyethylene glycol terephthalate), PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate), TPU (thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers), PE (polyethylene), PP ( Polypropylene), PI (polyimide or poly-trans-isoprene). PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and copolymers of such polymers. Preference is given to the use of PC materials, wherein, for example, but by no means necessarily, so-called low-T _g materials are used, in particular for the Polymer layers on which the print separations are printed, and / or for the polymer layers, which are connected to the one or more polymer layers that are printed, on the side with the ink jet printing. Low-T _g materials are polymers whose glass transition temperature is below 140 ° C.

The polymer layers can be filled or unfilled. The filled polymer layers contain in particular color pigments or other fillers. The polymer layers can also be dyed or colorless by means of dyes and in the latter case transparent or translucent.

It is preferred if the base polymer of at least one of the polymer layers to be joined contains identical or different mutually reactive groups, wherein react at a laminating temperature of less than 200 ° C reactive groups of a first polymer layer with each other and / or with reactive groups of a second polymer layer. As a result, the lamination temperature can be lowered without jeopardizing the intimate bond of the laminated layers. In the case of various polymer layers having reactive groups, this is due to the fact that the various polymer layers can no longer be readily delaminated due to the reaction of the respective reactive groups. Because there is a reactive coupling between the polymer layers, as it were a reactive lamination. Furthermore, because of the lower laminating temperature, it is possible to prevent a change in the colored printing ink, in particular a color change. It is preferred in this case if the glass transition temperature T _{g of} the at least one polymer layer before thermal lamination is less than 120 ° C. (or less than 110 ° C. or less than 100 ° C.), the glass transition temperature of this polymer layer after thermal lamination Reaction of reactive groups of the base polymer of the polymer layer with each other by at least 5 ° C, preferably at least 20 ° C, higher than the glass transition temperature before the thermal lamination. In this case, not only is a reactive coupling of the layers to be laminated together carried out, but rather an increase in the molecular weight and thus in the glass transition temperature takes place by crosslinking of the polymer within the layer and between the layers. This further complicates delamination, especially since in a manipulation attempt, the high delamination temperatures necessary, for example, irreversibly damage the colors and thus destroy the document. Preferably, the lamination temperature when using such polymer materials is less than 180 ° C, better still less than 150 ° C. The choice of suitable reactive groups is readily possible for a person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry. Exemplary reactive groups are selected from the group consisting of -CN, -OCN, - NCO, -NC, -SH, -S _x, -Tos, -SCN, -NCS, -H, epoxy (-CHOCH _2), -NH ₂ , -NN ⁺ , -NN-R, -OH, -COOH, -CHO, -COOR, -HaI (-F, -Cl, -Br, -I), -Me-HaI (Me = at least divalent metal, for example Mg), -Si (OR) ₃ , -SiHaI ₃ , -CH = CH ₂ , and -COR, where R can be any reactive or non-reactive group, for example -H, -HaI, C ₁ -C ₂₀ - Alkyl, C ₃ -C ₂₀ aryl, C ₄ -C ₂₀ -ArAlkyl, each branched or linear, saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, or corresponding heterocycles having one or more identical or different heteroatoms N, O, or S. Other reactive Of course, groups are possible. These include the reaction partners of the Diels-Alder reaction or a metathesis. The reactive groups may be attached directly to the base polymer or linked to the base polymer via a spacer group. Suitable spacer groups are all spacer groups known to the person skilled in the art of polymer chemistry. The spacer groups may also be oligomers or polymers which impart elasticity, whereby a risk of breakage of the security and / or value document is reduced. Such elasticity-promoting spacer groups are known to the person skilled in the art and therefore need not be further described here. By way of example only, spacer groups may be mentioned which are selected from the group comprising - (CH ₂ ) _n -, - (CH ₂ -CH ₂ -O) _n -, - (SiR ₂ -O) _n -, - (C ₆ H ₄ ) _n -, - (C ₆ H ₁₀ ) _n -, C ₁ -C _n -alkyl, C ₃ -C _{(n + 3)} -aryl, C ₄ -C _{(n + 4)} -ArAlkyl, each branched or linear , saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted, or corresponding heterocycles having one or more, identical or different heteroatoms ON, or S, where n = 1 to 20, preferably 1 to 10. With regard to further reactive groups or possibilities of modification, reference is made to the reference " Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry ", Wiley Verlag, electronic edition 2006 , referenced. The term "base polymer" in the context of the above statements designates a polymer structure which does not bear any groups reactive under the lamination conditions used. These may be homopolymers or copolymers. There are also compared to the polymers mentioned modified polymers.

worin R¹ und R² unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff, Halogen, bevorzugt Chlor oder Brom, C₁-C₈-Alkyl, C₅-C₆-Cycloalkyl, C₆-C₁₀-Aryl, bevorzugt Phenyl, und C₇-C₁₂-Aralkyl, bevorzugt Phenyl-C₁-C₄-Alkyl, insbesondere Benzyl sind;
m eine ganze Zahl von 4 bis 7, bevorzugt 4 oder 5 ist; R³ und R⁴ für jedes X individuell wählbar, unabhängig voneinander Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₆-Alkyl ist; X Kohlenstoff und n eine ganze Zahl größer 20 bedeuten, mit der Maßgabe, dass an mindestens einem Atom X, R³ und R⁴ gleichzeitig Alkyl bedeuten. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn an 1 bis 2 Atomen X, insbesondere nur an einem Atom X, R³ und R⁴ gleichzeitig Alkyl sind. R³ und R⁴ können insbesondere Methyl sein. Die X-Atome in alpha-Stellung zu dem Diphenyl-substituierten C-Atom (C1) können nicht dialkylsubstituiert sein. Die X-Atome in beta-Stellung zu C1 können mit Alkyl disubstituiert sein. Bevorzugt ist m = 4 oder 5. Das Polycarbonatderivat kann beispielsweise auf Basis von Monomeren, wie 4,4'-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1,1-diyl)diphenol, 4,4'-(3,3-dimethylcyclohexan-1,1-diyl)diphenol, oder 4,4'-(2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentan-1,1-diyl)diphenol gebildet sein. Ein solches Polycarbonatderivat kann beispielsweise gemäß der Literaturstelle DE 38 32 396 A1 aus Diphenolen der Formel (la) hergestellt werden, deren Offenbarungsgehalt hiermit vollumfänglich in den Offenbarungsgehalt dieser Beschreibung aufgenommen wird. Es können sowohl ein Diphenol der Formel (la) unter Bildung von Homopolycarbonaten als auch mehrere Diphenole der Formel (Ia) unter Bildung von Copolycarbonaten verwendet werden (Bedeutung von Resten, Gruppen und Parametern, wie in Formel I).

For ink-jet printing, in particular on polycarbonate substrate layers, in principle all customary inks can be used. Preference is given to the use of a preparation comprising: A) 0.1 to 20% by weight of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative, B) 30 to 99.9% by weight of a preferably organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0 to 10% by weight. -% of a colorant or D) 0 to 10 wt .-% of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0 to 30 wt .-% additives and / or auxiliaries, or a mixture of such substances , wherein the sum of the components A) to E) always gives 100 wt .-%, as ink jet ink. Such polycarbonate derivatives are highly compatible with polycarbonate materials, in particular with polycarbonates based on bisphenol A, such as, for example, Makrofol® films. In addition, the polycarbonate derivative used is stable to high temperatures and shows no discoloration at lamination typical temperatures up to 200 ° C and more, whereby the use of the above-described low-T _g materials is not necessary. In particular, the polycarbonate derivative may contain functional carbonate structural units of the formula (I)

wherein R ¹ and R ² independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine, C ₁ -C ₈ -alkyl, C ₅ -C ₆ -cycloalkyl, C ₆ -C ₁₀ -aryl, preferably phenyl, and C ₇ -C ₁₂ -Aralkyl, preferably phenyl-C ₁ -C ₄ alkyl, in particular benzyl;
m is an integer from 4 to 7, preferably 4 or 5; R ³ and R ^{4 are} individually selectable for each X, independently of one another is hydrogen or C ₁ -C ₆ alkyl; X is carbon and n is an integer greater than 20, with the proviso that on at least one atom X, R ³ and R ^{4 are} simultaneously alkyl. It is preferred for X, R ³ and R ^{4 to be} simultaneously alkyl at 1 to 2 atoms, in particular only at one atom. R ³ and R ⁴ may be in particular methyl. The X atoms alpha to the diphenyl-substituted C atom (C1) may not be dialkyl-substituted. The X atoms beta to C1 may be disubstituted with alkyl. Preferably m = 4 or 5. The polycarbonate derivative can be prepared, for example, on the basis of monomers, such as 4,4 '- (3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, 4,4 '- (3,3-dimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, or 4,4' - (2,4,4-trimethylcyclopentane-1,1-diyl) diphenol. Such a polycarbonate derivative can be used, for example, according to the literature DE 38 32 396 A1 from diphenols of the formula (Ia) are prepared, the disclosure content of which is hereby incorporated in full in the disclosure of this description. It is possible to use both a diphenol of the formula (Ia) to form homopolycarbonates and also several diphenols of the formula (Ia) to give copolycarbonates (meaning of radicals, groups and parameters, as in formula I).

In addition, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) may also be mixed with other diphenols, for example with those of the formula (Ib)

HO - Z - OH (Ib)

.
be used for the preparation of high molecular weight, thermoplastic, aromatic polycarbonate derivatives.

worin R einen verzweigten C₈- und/oder C₉-Alkylrest darstellt. Bevorzugt ist im Alkylrest R der Anteil an CH₃-Protonen zwischen 47 % und 89 % und der Anteil der CH- und CH₂-Protonen zwischen 53 % und 11 %; ebenfalls bevorzugt ist R in o- und/oder p-Stellung zur OH-Gruppe, und besonders bevorzugt die obere Grenze des ortho-Anteils 20 %. Die Kettenabbrecher werden im allgemeinen in Mengen von 0,5 bis 10, bevorzugt 1,5 bis 8 Mol-%, bezogen auf eingesetzte Diphenole, eingesetzt. Die Polycarbonatderivate können vorzugsweise nach dem Phasengrenzflächenverhalten (vgl. H. Schnell "Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates", Polymer Reviews, Vol. IX, Seite 33ff., Interscience Publ. 1964 ) in an sich bekannter Weise hergestellt werden. Hierbei werden die Diphenole der Formel (Ia) in wässrig alkalischer Phase gelöst. Zur Herstellung von Copolycarbonaten mit anderen Diphenolen werden Gemische von Diphenolen der Formel (Ia) und den anderen Diphenolen, beispielsweise denen der Formel (Ib), eingesetzt. Zur Regulierung des Molekulargewichts können Kettenabbrecher z.B. der Formel (Ic) zugegeben werden. Dann wird in Gegenwart einer inerten, vorzugsweise Polycarbonat lösenden, organischen Phase mit Phosgen nach der Methode der Phasengrenzflächenkondensation umgesetzt. Die Reaktionstemperatur liegt zwischen 0°C und 40°C. Die gegebenenfalls mitverwendeten Verzweiger (bevorzugt 0,05 bis 2,0 Mol-%) können entweder mit den Diphenolen in der wässrig alkalischen Phase vorgelegt werden oder in dem organischen Lösungsmittel gelöst vor Phosgenierung zugegeben werden. Neben den Diphenolen der Formel (Ia) und gegebenenfalls anderen Diphenolen (Ib) können auch deren Mono- und/oder Bis-chlorkohlensäureester mitverwendet werden, wobei diese in organischen Lösungsmitteln gelöst zugegeben werden. Die Menge an Kettenabbrechern sowie an Verzweigern richtet sich dann nach der molaren Menge von Diphenolat-Resten entsprechend Formel (Ia) und gegebenenfalls Formel (Ib); bei Mitverwendung von Chlorkohlensäureestern kann die Phosgenmenge in bekannter Weise entsprechend reduziert werden. Geeignete organische Lösungsmittel für die Kettenabbrecher sowie gegebenenfalls für die Verzweiger und die Chlorkohlensäureester sind beispielsweise Methylenchlorid, Chlorbenzol sowie insbesondere Mischungen aus Methylenchlorid und Chlorbenzol. Gegebenenfalls können die verwendeten Kettenabbrecher und Verzweiger im gleichen Solvens gelöst werden. Als organische Phase für die Phasengrenzflächenpolykondensation dienen beispielsweise Methylenchlorid, Chlorbenzol sowie Mischungen aus Methylenchlorid und Chlorbenzol. Als wässrige alkalische Phase dient beispielsweise NaOH-Lösung. Die Herstellung der Polycarbonatderivate nach dem Phasengrenzflächenverfahren kann in üblicher Weise durch Katalysatoren wie tertiäre Amine, insbesondere tertiäre aliphatische Amine wie Tributylamin oder Triethylamin katalysiert werden; die Katalysatoren können in Mengen von 0,05 bis 10 Mol-%, bezogen auf Mole an eingesetzten Diphenolen, eingesetzt werden. Die Katalysatoren können vor Beginn der Phosgenierung oder während oder auch nach der Phosgenierung zugesetzt werden. Die Polycarbonatderivate können nach dem bekannten Verfahren in homogener Phase, dem sogenannten "Pyridinverfahren" sowie nach dem bekannten Schmelzeumesterungsverfahren unter Verwendung von beispielsweise Diphenylcarbonat anstelle von Phosgen hergestellt werden. Die Polycarbonatderivate können linear oder verzweigt sein, sie sind Homopolycarbonate oder Copolycarbonate auf Basis der Diphenole der Formel (Ia). Durch die beliebige Komposition mit anderen Diphenolen, insbesondere mit denen der Formel (Ib) lassen sich die Polycarbonateigenschaften in günstiger Weise variierten. In solchen Copolycarbonaten sind die Diphenole der Formel (Ia) in Mengen von 100 Mol-% bis 2 Mol-%, vorzugsweise in Mengen von 100 Mol-% bis 10 Mol-% und insbesondere in Mengen von 100 Mol-% bis 30 Mol-%, bezogen auf die Gesamtmenge von 100 Mol-% an Diphenoleinheiten, in Polycarbonatderivaten enthalten. Das Polycarbonatderivat kann ein Copolymer sein enthaltend, insbesondere hieraus bestehend, Monomereinheiten M1 auf Basis der Formel (Ib),vorzugsweise Bisphenol A, sowie Monomereinheiten M2 auf Basis des geminal disubstituierten Dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkans, vorzugsweise des 4,4'-(3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexan-1,1-diyl)diphenols, wobei das Molverhältnis M2/M1 vorzugsweise größer als 0,3, insbesondere größer als 0,4, beispielsweise größer als 0,5 ist. Bevorzugt ist es, wenn das Polycarbonatderivat ein mittleres Molekulargewicht (Gewichtsmittel) von mindestens 10.000, vorzugsweise von 20.000 bis 300.000, aufweist.Suitable other diphenols of the formula (Ib) are those in which Z is an aromatic radical having 6 to 30 C atoms, which may contain one or more aromatic nuclei, may be substituted, and aliphatic radicals or cycloaliphatic radicals other than those of the formula (II) Ia) or heteroatoms may contain as bridge members. Examples of the diphenols of the formula (Ib) are: hydroquinone, resorcinol, dihydroxydiphenyls, bis (hydroxyphenyl) alkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) cycloalkanes, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfides, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, bis (hydroxyphenyl) ether, (hydroxyphenyl) ketones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfones, bis (hydroxyphenyl) sulfoxides, alpha, alpha'-bis (hydroxyphenyl) diisopropylbenzenes, and their nuclear alkylated and nuclear halogenated compounds. These and other suitable diphenols are, for example, in the literature US-A 3,028,365 . 2,999,835 . 3,148,172 . 3,275,601 . 2,991,273 . 3,271,367 . 3,062,781 . 2,970,131 and 2,999,846 , in the literature DE-A 1 570 703 . 2 063 050 . 2 063 052 . 2 211 956 , of the FR-A 1 561 518 and in the monograph " H. Schnell, Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates, Interscience Publishers, New York 1964 Preferred other diphenols are, for example: 4,4'-dihydroxydiphenyl, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,4-bis ( 4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, alpha, alpha -bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis (3-methyl) 4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -methane, 2,2-bis- (3, 5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone, 2,4-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-methylbutane, 1 , 1-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane, alpha, alpha-bis (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -p-diisopropylbenzene, 2,2-bis (3, 5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane and 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane Particularly preferred diphenols of the formula (Ib) are, for example: 2,2-bis (4 -hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis- (3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane and 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl ) cyclohexane. In particular, 2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) propane is preferred. The other diphenols can be used both individually and in a mixture. The molar ratio of diphenols of the formula (Ia) to the optionally used other diphenols of the formula (Ib) should be between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 2 mol% (Ia) to 98 mol -% (Ib), preferably between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 10 mol% (Ia) to 90 mol% (Ib) and especially between 100 mol% (Ia) to 0 mol% (Ib) and 30 mol% (Ia) to 70 mol% (Ib). The high molecular weight polycarbonate derivatives from the diphenols of the formula (Ia), optionally in combination with other diphenols, can be prepared by the known polycarbonate production processes. The various diphenols can be linked together both statistically and in blocks. The polycarbonate derivatives used can be branched in a manner known per se. If the branching is desired, this can in known manner by condensing small amounts, preferably amounts of 0.05 to 2.0 mol% (based on diphenols), of trifunctional or more than trifunctional compounds, in particular those with three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups can be achieved. Some branching with three or more than three phenolic hydroxyl groups are: phloroglucinol, 4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptene-2,4,6-dimethyl-2,4,6-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -heptane, 1,3,5-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -benzene, 1,1,1-tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethane, tri- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -phenylmethane, 2,2-bis - [4,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexyl] -propane, 2,4-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenol, 2,6-is (2-hydroxy-5-methyl) benzyl) -4-methylphenol, 2- (4-hydroxyphenyl) -2- (2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) -propane, hexa- [4- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenyl] -orthoterephthalate, tetra (4- hydroxyphenyl) methane, tetra- [4- (4-hydroxyphenyl-isopropyl) -phenoxy] -methane and 1,4-bis- [4 ', 4 "-dihydroxytriphenyl) -methyl] -benzene Some of the other trifunctional compounds are 2 , 4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, trimesic acid, cyanuric chloride and 3,3-bis (3-methyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) -2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole Monofunctional compounds are used as chain terminators for the known regulation of the molecular weight of the polycarbonate derivatives usual Ko nzentraten. Suitable compounds are, for example, phenol, tert-butylphenols or other alkyl-substituted phenols. For controlling the molecular weight, in particular small amounts of phenols of the formula (Ic) are suitable

wherein R represents a branched C ₈ and / or C ₉ alkyl radical. Preferably, in the alkyl radical R, the proportion of CH ₃ protons between 47% and 89% and the proportion of CH and CH ₂ protons between 53% and 11%; also preferably R is in the o- and / or p-position to the OH group, and more preferably the upper limit of the ortho-portion is 20%. The chain terminators are generally used in amounts of 0.5 to 10, preferably 1.5 to 8 mol%, based on diphenols used. The polycarbonate derivatives may preferably be prepared according to the interfacial behavior (cf. H. Schnell "Chemistry and Physics of Polycarbonates", Polymer Reviews, Vol. IX, p. 33ff., Interscience Publ. 1964 ) are prepared in a conventional manner. In this case, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) are dissolved in an aqueous alkaline phase. For the preparation of copolycarbonates with other diphenols, mixtures of diphenols of the formula (Ia) and the other diphenols, for example those of the formula (Ib), are used. To regulate the molecular weight, chain terminators of, for example, the formula (Ic) can be added. Then, in the presence of an inert, preferably polycarbonate-dissolving, organic Phase reacted with phosgene by the method of interfacial condensation. The reaction temperature is between 0 ° C and 40 ° C. The optionally used branching agents (preferably 0.05 to 2.0 mol%) can either be initially charged with the diphenols in the aqueous alkaline phase or added in the organic solvent before phosgenation. In addition to the diphenols of the formula (Ia) and, if appropriate, other diphenols (Ib), their mono- and / or bis-chlorocarbonic acid esters may also be used, these being added dissolved in organic solvents. The amount of chain terminators and of branching agents then depends on the molar amount of diphenolate radicals corresponding to formula (Ia) and optionally formula (Ib); When using chloroformates the amount of phosgene can be reduced accordingly in a known manner. Suitable organic solvents for the chain terminators and optionally for the branching agents and the chloroformates are, for example, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and in particular mixtures of methylene chloride and chlorobenzene. Optionally, the chain terminators and branching agents used can be dissolved in the same solvent. For example, methylene chloride, chlorobenzene and mixtures of methylene chloride and chlorobenzene serve as the organic phase for the interfacial polycondensation. The aqueous alkaline phase used is, for example, NaOH solution. The preparation of the polycarbonate derivatives by the interfacial process can be catalyzed in a conventional manner by catalysts such as tertiary amines, in particular tertiary aliphatic amines such as tributylamine or triethylamine; the catalysts can be used in amounts of 0.05 to 10 mol%, based on moles of diphenols used. The catalysts can be added before the beginning of the phosgenation or during or after the phosgenation. The polycarbonate derivatives can be prepared by the known method in the homogeneous phase, the so-called "pyridine process" and by the known melt transesterification process using, for example, diphenyl carbonate instead of phosgene. The polycarbonate derivatives may be linear or branched, they are homopolycarbonates or copolycarbonates based on the diphenols of the formula (Ia). By arbitrary composition with other diphenols, especially those of the formula (Ib), the polycarbonate properties can be varied in a favorable manner. In such copolycarbonates, the diphenols of the formula (Ia) are present in amounts of from 100 mol% to 2 mol%, preferably in amounts of from 100 mol% to 10 mol% and in particular in amounts of from 100 mol% to 30 mol% %, based on the total amount of 100 mol% of diphenol units, in Containing polycarbonate derivatives. The polycarbonate derivative may be a copolymer comprising, in particular consisting of, monomer units M1 based on the formula (Ib), preferably bisphenol A, and monomer units M2 based on the geminally disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, preferably the 4,4 '- (3,3,5- trimethylcyclohexane-1,1-diyl) diphenol, wherein the molar ratio M2 / M1 is preferably greater than 0.3, in particular greater than 0.4, for example greater than 0.5. It is preferred that the polycarbonate derivative has a weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, preferably from 20,000 to 300,000.

In principle, component B may be substantially organic or aqueous. Substantially aqueous means that up to 20% by weight of component B) can be organic solvents. Substantially organic means that up to 5% by weight of water may be present in component B). Component B preferably contains one or consists of a liquid aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, and / or aromatic hydrocarbon, a liquid organic ester and / or a mixture of such substances. The organic solvents used are preferably halogen-free organic solvents. Particularly suitable are aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic hydrocarbons, such as mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene; (organic) esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. Preference is given to mesitylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene and solvent naphtha, toluene, xylene. Acetic acid methyl ester, ethyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate. Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. Most particularly preferred are mesitylene (1,3,5-trimethylbenzene), 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, cumene (2-phenylpropane), solvent naptha and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. A suitable solvent mixture comprises, for example, L1) 0 to 10% by weight, preferably 1 to 5% by weight, in particular 2 to 3% by weight, mesitylene, L2) 10 to 50% by weight, preferably 25 to 50% by weight %, in particular 30 to 40% by weight, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, L3) 0 to 20% by weight, preferably 1 to 20% by weight, in particular 7 to 15% by weight, 1 , 2,4-trimethylbenzene, L4) 10 to 50 wt.%, Preferably 25 to 50 wt.%, In particular 30 to 40 wt.%, Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, L5) 0 to 10 wt. , preferably 0.01 to 2 wt .-%, in particular 0.05 to 0.5 wt .-%, cumene, and L6) 0 to 80 wt .-%, preferably 1 to 40 wt .-%, in particular 15 to 25 wt .-%, solvent naphtha, wherein the sum of components L1 to L6 always gives 100 wt .-%. The polycarbonate derivative is typically one weight average molecular weight of at least 10,000, preferably from 20,000 to 300,000.

The preparation may contain in detail: A) 0.1 to 10 wt .-%, in particular 0.5 to 5 wt .-%, of a binder with a polycarbonate derivative based on a geminal disubstituted dihydroxydiphenylcycloalkane, B) 40 to 99.9 wt %, in particular 45 to 99.5% by weight, of an organic solvent or solvent mixture, C) 0.1 to 6% by weight, in particular 0.5 to 4% by weight, of a colorant or colorant mixture, D ) 0.001 to 6 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 to 4 wt .-%, of a functional material or a mixture of functional materials, E) 0.1 to 30 wt .-%, in particular 1 to 20 wt .-%, Additives and / or auxiliaries, or a mixture of such substances.

As component C, if a colorant is to be provided, basically any colorant or colorant mixture comes into question. Colorants are all colorants. That means it can be both colorant (a review of dyes there Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Publishing, Chapter "Dyes, General Survey ") as well as pigments (gives an overview of organic and inorganic pigments Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Verlag, chapter "Pigments, Organic" and "Pigments, Inorganic Dyes should be soluble or (stably) dispersible or suspendible in the solvents of component B. It is furthermore advantageous if the colorant is stable at temperatures of 160 ° C. and more for a period of more than 5 minutes It is also possible for the colorant to undergo a predetermined and reproducible color change under the processing conditions and to be selected accordingly .Pigments must be present in addition to the temperature stability, especially in the finest particle size distribution In the practice of inkjet printing, this means that the particle size should not exceed 1.0 micron, otherwise blockages in the print head will result.Thus, nanoscale solid-state pigments and dissolved dyes have proven to be useful.The colorants may be cationic, anionic, or even neutral.Only as examples of colorants usable in ink-jet printing a called:..... Brilliant Black CI No. 28440, chromogen black CI No. 14645, direct deep black E CI No. 30235, Real Black salt B CI No. 37245, Real Black salt K CI No. 37190, Sudan black HB CI 26150, Naphtolschwarz CI No. 20470, Bayscript ^® Black. Liquid, CI Basic Black 11, CI Basic Blue 154, Cartasol ^® Turquoise K-ZL liquid, Cartasol ^® Turquoise K-RL liquid (CI Basic Blue 140), Cartasol Blue K5R liquid. Suitable are further z. B. the commercially available dyes Hostafine ^® black TS liquid (sold by Clariant GmbH Germany), Bayscript ^® black liquid (CI mixture, sold by Bayer AG Germany), Cartasol ^® black MG liquid (CI Basic Black 11, Trademark of the Clariant GmbH Germany), Flexonylschwarz ^® PR 100 (e CI no. 30235, sold by Hoechst AG), rhodamine B, Cartasol ^® Orange K3 GL, Cartasol ^® Yellow K4 GL, Cartasol ^® K GL, or Cartasol ^® Red K-3B. Furthermore, anthraquinone, azo, quinophthalone, coumarin, methine, perinone, and / or pyrazole dyes, eg available under the trade name Macrolex®, can be used as soluble colorants. Other suitable colorants are in the Reference Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Verlag, chapter "Colorants Used in Ink Jet Inks Well-soluble colorants lead to an optimal integration into the matrix or the binder of the print layer The colorants can be added either directly as a dye or pigment or as a paste, a mixture of dye and pigment together with another binder additional binder should be chemically compatible with the other components of the formulation, if such a paste is used as a colorant, the quantity of component B refers to the colorant without the other components of the paste, these other components of the paste are then included in component E. When using so-called colored pigments in the scale colors cyan-magenta-yellow and preferably also (soot) black solid color images are possible.

Component D comprises substances that can be seen directly by the human eye or by the use of suitable detectors using technical aids. Here are the materials known to those skilled in the art (see also van Renesse, Optical document security, 3rd Ed., Artech House, 2005), which are used to secure value and security documents. These include luminescent substances (dyes or pigments, organic or inorganic) such as photoluminophores, electroluminophores, Antistokes luminophores, fluorophores but also magnetizable, photoacoustically addressable or piezoelectric materials. Furthermore, Raman-active or Raman-enhancing materials can be used, as well as so-called barcode materials. Again, the preferred criteria are either the solubility in the component B or pigmented systems particle sizes <1 micron and a temperature stability for temperatures> 160 ° C in the sense of the comments on the component C. Functional materials can be added directly or via a paste, ie a mixture with a further binder, which then forms part of component E, or the binder of component A.

Component E in inks for ink-jet printing includes conventionally prepared materials such as anti-foaming agents, modifiers, wetting agents, surfactants, flow agents, dryers, catalysts, (light) stabilizers, preservatives, biocides, surfactants, organic polymers for viscosity adjustment, buffer systems, etc. As setting agents customary setting salts come into question. An example of this is sodium lactate. As biocides, all commercially available preservatives which are used for inks come into question. Examples include Proxel ^® GXL and Parmetol® ^® A26. Suitable surfactants are all commercially available surfactants which are used for inks. Preferred are amphoteric or nonionic surfactants. Of course, it is also possible to use special anionic or cationic surfactants which do not alter the properties of the dye. Examples of suitable surfactants are betaines, ethoxylated diols etc .. Examples are the product series Surfynol ^® and Tergitol ^®. The amount of surfactants is particularly selected in an application for ink-jet printing, for example, with the proviso that the surface tension of the ink is in the range of 10 to 60 mN / m, preferably 20 to 45 mN / m, measured at 25 ° C. A buffer system can be set up which stabilizes the pH in the range from 2.5 to 8.5, in particular in the range from 5 to 8. Suitable buffer systems are lithium acetate, borate buffer, triethanolamine or acetic acid / sodium acetate. A buffer system will be considered in particular in the case of a substantially aqueous component B. To adjust the viscosity of the ink (possibly water-soluble) polymers can be provided. Here all suitable for conventional ink formulations polymers come into question. Examples are water-soluble starch, in particular having an average molecular weight of 3,000 to 7,000, polyvinylpyrrolidone, especially having an average molecular weight of 25,000 to 250,000, polyvinyl alcohol, especially having an average molecular weight of 10,000 to 20,000, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethylene oxide / propylene oxide block copolymer , in particular having an average molecular weight of from 1,000 to 8,000. An example of the latter block copolymer is the product series Pluronic ^®. The proportion of biocide, based on the total amount of ink, may be in the range of 0 to 0.5% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by weight. The proportion of surfactant, based on the total amount of ink, can range from 0 to 0.2 wt .-%. The proportion of adjusting agents, based on the total amount of ink, 0 to 1 wt .-%, preferably 0.1 to 0.5 wt .-%, amount. The auxiliaries also include other components, such as, for example, acetic acid, formic acid or n-methyl-pyrrolidone or other polymers from the dye solution or paste used. With respect to substances which are suitable as component E, is supplemented, for example, on Ullmann's Encyclopaedia of Chemical Industry, Electronic Release 2007, Wiley Publishing, Chapter "Paints and Coatings", Section "Paint Additives" , referenced.

The preparation described can be used identically or in a similar manner also as printing ink for a printing method which prints portions, in particular line segments of the at least one line, of the fine line pattern of the security printing pattern as smooth contours or contour sections.

The use of the preparation in connection with sub-layers which are produced on the basis of polycarbonate offers the advantage that the lamination results in a monolithic document body in which the ink or printing ink is completely homogeneously integrated in a cohesive manner. Even large printed areas thus pose no risk with regard to possible undesired delamination, as is the case with many other printing inks.

In addition, there is a need to store personalizing and / or individualizing information. For this purpose, it is proposed to achieve this via lengths and / or positions and / or shape configurations of the line sections of the at least one fine line. According to one embodiment, for example, the at least one fine line is printed in sections in sections separated from each other by the line sections of the one print separation, which is produced by means of a printing process which prints smooth line contours or line sections. The gaps remaining in the at least one fine line are then supplemented by line sections of the second pressure separation by means of the printing method using the printing dots. In this case, overlapping lengths between the line sections printed as a continuous smooth contour and in printed line sections of the other printed circuit can be varied and Coding can be used. Another coding possibility is that ratios of the overlap lengths at the opposite ends of the line segments, ie ratios of the overlap lengths, are used for coding. Yet another embodiment provides that the lines are executed as curved lines. If the at least one fine line is formed, for example, sinusoidally or cosinusoidally and printed in each case a half-wave by means of printing methods using the pressure points, then amplitudes of these half-waves in proportion to the amplitudes, which are produced by another printing method for encoding the individualizing and / or personalizing Information to be used.

Another possibility for encoding is to vary a dot density of the printing dots in the alternating successive line segments, in particular in the overlapping regions in which, for example, a color transition is brought about.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that there are many other ways to encode individualizing and / or personalizing information through the use of at least two print separations that are printed by different printing methods and together form a fine line pattern. For example, more than two print separations may be used, each printing line sections of the at least one fine line on different substrate layer surfaces. Coding may also be performed on which of the substrate layer sides the remaining gaps in the line are closed, the sections of which are printed by a printing process that prints line segments as smooth contours.

Further, even with a sinusoidal fine line, a number of half or full waves of the successive line sections printed by the various printing methods can be varied.

Coding can also take place via combinations of the listed coding options, for example via an arrangement of the line sections on different substrate layer surfaces, a variation of the shape and a variation of the overlap lengths.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein Sicherheitsdokument mit einem Sicherheitsdruckmuster;

Fig. 2a

eine schematische Ansicht einer Kontur einer feinen Linie;

Fig. 2b, 2c

schematische Darstellungen von Druckauszügen zur Herstellung der feinen Linie nach Fig. 2a;

Fig. 2d

schematische Ansicht der gedruckten feinen Linie;

Fig. 3a, 3b

schematische Druckauszüge einer weiteren feinen Linie;

Fig. 3c

schematische Ansicht eines Druckbilds der feinen Linie nach Fig. 3a und 3b;

Fig. 4a, 4b

weitere schematische Druckauszüge einer weiteren feinen Linie mit einem Farbübergang;

Fig. 4c

schematische Ansicht der gedruckten weiteren feinen Linie, die mittels der Druckauszüge nach Fig. 4a und 4b hergestellt ist;

Fig. 5

eine schematische Ansicht eines Übergangsbereichs, in dem ein Farbübergang realisiert ist;

Fig. 6a

eine Schnittansicht durch ein Sicherheitsdokument, bei dem zwei Druckauszüge auf dieselbe Substratschichtoberfläche gedruckt sind;

Fig. 6b

eine schematische Schnittansicht durch ein Sicherheitsdokument, bei dem die gedruckte feine Linie einen Farbübergang umfasst und zwei Druckauszüge auf dieselbe Substratschichtoberfläche gedruckt sind;

Fig. 6c

eine schematische Schnittansicht eines Sicherheitsdokuments, bei dem die Druckauszüge auf gegenüberliegende Oberflächen derselben Substratschicht gedruckt sind;

Fig. 7a-7c

Schnittansichten eines Sicherheitsdokuments, bei denen über unterschiedliche Anordnungen von Linienabschnitten der feinen Linie in unterschiedlichen Ebenen eine individualisierende und/oder personalisierende Information codiert ist;

Fig. 8

eine schematische Schnittansicht, bei der eine individualisierende und/oder personalisierende Information über eine Variation von Überlappungslängen unterschiedlicher Linienabschnitte einer feinen Linie codiert ist;

Fig. 9a, 9b

Druckansichten einer ersten und einer zweiten Substratschicht, auf die unterschiedliche einander ergänzende Druckauszüge einer feinen Linie gedruckt sind;

Fig. 9c

eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein Sicherheitsdokument, das aus den Substratschichten nach Fig. 9a und 9b hergestellt ist und in dem eine individualisierende und/oder personalisierende Information über eine Form der feinen Linie codiert ist; und

Fig. 9d

eine Schnittansicht des Sicherheitsdokuments nach Fig. 9c.

The invention will be explained with reference to preferred embodiments. Hereby show:

Fig. 1

a schematic plan view of a security document with a security printing pattern;

Fig. 2a

a schematic view of a contour of a fine line;

Fig. 2b, 2c

schematic representations of pressure excerpts for the production of the fine line after Fig. 2a ;

Fig. 2d

schematic view of the printed fine line;

Fig. 3a, 3b

schematic pressure extracts of another fine line;

Fig. 3c

schematic view of a printed image of the fine line after Fig. 3a and 3b ;

Fig. 4a, 4b

further schematic pressure extracts of another fine line with a color transition;

Fig. 4c

schematic view of the printed further fine line, which by means of the printing extracts after Fig. 4a and 4b is made;

Fig. 5

a schematic view of a transition region in which a color transition is realized;

Fig. 6a

a sectional view through a security document in which two printing extracts are printed on the same substrate layer surface;

Fig. 6b

a schematic sectional view through a security document in which the printed fine line comprises a color transition and two printing extracts are printed on the same substrate layer surface;

Fig. 6c

a schematic sectional view of a security document, wherein the printing extracts are printed on opposite surfaces of the same substrate layer;

Fig. 7a-7c

Sectional views of a security document in which an individualizing and / or personalizing information is encoded via different arrangements of line segments of the fine line in different levels;

Fig. 8

a schematic sectional view in which an individualizing and / or personalizing information about a variation of overlap lengths of different line segments of a fine line is encoded;

Fig. 9a, 9b

Print views of a first and a second substrate layer on which different complementary print separations of a fine line are printed;

Fig. 9c

a schematic plan view of a security document from the substrate layers according to Fig. 9a and 9b and in which an individualizing and / or personalizing information about a shape of the fine line is coded; and

Fig. 9d

a sectional view of the security document after Fig. 9c ,

In Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of a security document 1 shown. The security document 1 has an impressively applied security print pattern 2. This includes a fine line pattern 3. The illustrated fine line pattern 3 comprises two intertwined fine lines 4, 5. Such a protective line work made of fine lines is also called a guilloche pattern. The lines of a guilloche pattern are called guilloche lines or short guilloches. The fine lines 4 and 5 thus represent guilloches. In a guilloche pattern, the guilloches are formed according to certain geometric laws. Nevertheless, these geometric laws from a guilloche pattern are usually not directly derivable. Therefore, imitation and replication of the guilloche pattern is difficult. To further secure this designed as a fine line pattern As a security feature, the individual guilloches or fine lines 4, 5 are frequently printed in such a way that they are alternately printed along their course between two different shades, wherein a transition from one hue to the other hue and vice versa is formed by means of a continuous color transition. In the following, only the term fine line is used, which should, however, include the term guilloche. Of course, in addition to the fine line pattern 3, the security document 1 may include a variety of other security features which are not shown here for the sake of simplicity. For example, the security document may comprise a serial number and / or additional individualizing and / or personalizing information in a non-coded and / or coded manner. Further, for reasons of standardization, only one fine line is shown below each of the fine line pattern 3. In all figures, identical reference numerals are used for similar technical features.

In Fig. 2a a contour of a fine line 4 is shown schematically. The fine line 4 after Fig. 2a has a cosinusoidal contour. The fine line 4 is then decomposed into line sections 6-8, each comprising a cosine wave. The individual line sections 6-8 are assigned alternately two pressure extracts, which are schematically shown in FIG Fig. 2b and 2c are shown. For the technical printing of the fine line 4 after Fig. 2a It is envisaged that the two inductions after Fig. 2b and 2c printed by means of different printing processes on one or more substrate layers, which are then joined together to form a monolithic document body of the security and / or security document, preferably via a lamination. The printout after Fig. 2b For example, by means of a printing process, for example a wet offset printing process, a waterless offset printing process or a direct and indirect high-pressure process, printed on a substrate layer. The printing method is chosen so that it prints the line sections 6, 8 as continuous smooth contours or contour sections on the substrate. The second printout after Fig. 2c however, is printed by another printing method which uses printing dots to form a printed image. Such a printing method is, for example, an inkjet printing method in which the individual nozzles of a print head are "pulsed". An assignment of the print separations 2b and 2c to the printing process is indicated by a representation of the line sections 6-8 respectively. If the line segments are shown as solid lines, the corresponding printout printed by a printing process that can print continuous smooth contours as line sections. If the line segment is shown in dotted lines, this indicates that the corresponding print separation is being printed by means of a printing process which forcibly uses printing dots during printing. This convention is observed in all figures of this application. Printing of the two printing extracts is carried out in such a way that they register in the finished security document in register with the contour of the fine line 4 Fig. 2a complete. In Fig. 2d is schematically shown the printed image 11 of the fine line 4, which results from the line sections 6-8, which complement each other to the fine line 4. With a suitable choice of resolution, in particular for the pressure using the pressure points, a human observer is unable to determine with which printing method or printing type the individual line sections are made. In addition, with a sufficiently accurate registration of the security document, the viewer is not even able to recognize that and in which line segments the fine line is subdivided. Only with the aid of technical aids, in particular optical magnification devices, the viewer is able to recognize the line sections and assign them the appropriate printing processes or types of processes. Thus, it is possible to distinguish a forged document in which the fine line is formed by a unitary printing method from an original document in which the fine line is made by different types of printing methods.

In Fig. 3a and 3b two different pressure extracts 9, 10 of a further fine line are shown, which is assumed for reasons of simplification as a straight line or stretch. The line consists of sections of equal length, alternately shown in two shades. The fine line has different colored line sections 6, 6 ', ... and 7, 7', ..., which are arranged alternately. The one print separation 9 comprises the line sections 6, 6 ',... Of one color or one color and the second print section 10 comprises the line sections 7, 7',... Of the other color or the other color. In Fig. 3c a print image 11 of the fine line 4 is shown, which results from the register-accurate arranging the print separations as a straight line with line sections 6, 7 alternating hues. The line sections 6, 6 ',... Have, for example, the color magenta. By contrast, the line sections 7, 7 ',... Have, for example, the color cyan.

While in the embodiment according to Fig. 3a to 3c If the line has sharp color transitions between the colors magenta and cyan and vice versa, it is preferred to print a continuous color transition or a color gradient between these two colors or shades in each case. In Fig. 4a and 4b are printing extracts 9, 10 similar to those after Fig. 3a and 3b illustrated, in which, however, the individual line sections 6, 6 ', ... and 7, 7', ... changed so formed that they overlap each other in the printed image at their ends. A corresponding print image 11 is in Fig. 4c shown. The color in the middle of the line sections 6, 6 ', ... that a viewer perceives is magenta. In the middle of the line sections 7, 7 ',... Printed by means of the second printing separation 10, which is printed by means of a printing method using printing dots, a cyan impression results for the observer. In an overlapping area, a transition from magenta to blue to cyan results, for example, from the line section 6 'to the line section 7'.

In one embodiment, it may be provided that the two printing extracts 9, 10 are printed on a substrate layer surface of a substrate in a short temporal sequence by means of the different printing methods, so that a mixture of the printing inks occurs. In another embodiment, it may be provided that the individual line sections 6, 6 ',... And the line sections 7, 7',... Taper with respect to a line thickness 13 to ends 14, 15, respectively. This is exemplary in Fig. 5 shown. While the printed line portion 6 printed by a printing process which generates continuous smooth contour portions has a tapered contour to an end 14 of the line portion 6, a line weight 13 of the line portion 7 is caused by a variation of a printing dot size. At one end 15 of the line section 7 made with the printing method using the printing dots, a printing dot size decreases. This ensures that an area proportion of that hue with which the corresponding line section or the associated print separation is printed decreases. Preferably, the ends 14, 15 of the line sections 6, 7 are matched to one another such that a decrease in a color area portion of a line section corresponds to an increase of a color area section of the other line section. This makes it possible to achieve a particularly uniform color transition between the different shades. Other embodiments may alternatively and / or additionally provide that a distance 16 of the pressure points along a contour of the line section 7 to the Decreases towards the end of 15 in order to contribute to a reduction of a color area proportion of the line section 7.

The embodiments described so far have been described so that the two printing extracts 9, 10 are each printed on one and the same substrate layer surface.

In Fig. 6a and 6b Fig. 12 shows exemplary schematic cross-sectional views of security documents 1 made in this way. The security documents 1 are each made of substrate layers 21-25, which preferably consist of a thermoplastic plastic material, for example polycarbonate. Of the provided layers 21-25 of a plastic material, for example, the layer 22 with the various pressure extensions 9, 10 after Fig. 3a and 3b (corresponding to Fig. 6a ) or after Fig. 4a and 4b (corresponding to Fig. 6b ) printed. As described above, the two printing extracts 9, 10 are printed by means of different printing methods. Subsequently, the substrate layers are assembled into a substrate layer stack so that the substrate layer 22 is an inner substrate layer. This avoids that the printed security print pattern is accessible for manipulation from the outside. Alternatively, it is of course possible to print a lower side of an uppermost printing layer 21 or an upper side of the lowermost printing layer 25 with the printing separations 9, 10 or any other inner substrate layer surface. Subsequently, the substrate layer stack is joined in a lamination process in a hot-cold press to a monolithic security document body 26. According to the embodiments Fig. 6a and 6b the security feature applied by printing is arranged in a plane of the document.

Fig. 6c however, shows a further embodiment of a security document in which the different print separations 9, 10 are printed on different surfaces 27, 28 of the substrate layer 22. The pressure extracts otherwise resemble the pressure extracts Fig. 4a and 4b , By means of an analysis, in which plane of the security document the individual line sections or individual print separations 9, 10 are printed, a further verification with regard to a possible forgery is possible. This means that an arrangement of the different pressure separations in different levels of the security document is another security feature.

In the Fig. 7a to 7c are sectional views of other security documents 1 shown in which an arrangement of pressure separations 9, 10 or line sections 6, 6 ', ..., 7, 7', 7 ... in different planes, ie a print on different substrate layer surfaces, a Coding of an individual and / or personalizing information is possible. In the examples Fig. 7a and 7b is a printing separation 9, the line segments shown as continuous smooth contours 6, 6 ', ..., each printed on an upper surface of the substrate layer 22. In the embodiment according to Fig. 7a In addition, there are three further print separations 10, 10 ', 10 ", each of which comprises line sections 7, 7', 7" which "fill in" the gaps between the line sections 6, 6 ',... While the printing separation 10 is also printed on the upper surface 27 of the substrate layer 22, the printing separation 10 'is printed on the lower surface 28 of the substrate layer 22. The printing separation 10 "is printed, for example, on an upper surface 29 of the substrate layer 24. For example, a value or code can be assigned to the individual layers, by means of which it is possible to encode any characters or character sequences into the security document Surface top 30 of the top layer 21 is not readily apparent to a human observer when viewed in a vertical plan view, the depth information of the individual line sections, it being understood that the substrate layers between a printed innermost printout, here the print separation 10 ", and the surface 30 of the security document 1, through which the security print pattern is viewed, are transparent or at least translucent.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 7b A gap 31 between the line sections 6 ', 8 "is filled by two line sections 7" and 7 "" which are assigned to different pressure separations 10 and 10'. and 6 "printed on the upper surface 27 of the substrate layer 22, the printing separation 10 'is printed on the lower surface 29 of the substrate layer 22.

Fig. 7c shows an embodiment, for the production of a total of 5 pressure extracts were used. The printing extracts 9, 9 ', which are respectively printed on the upper surface 27 and the lower surface 28 of the substrate layer 22, are each printed by means of a printing process, which the line sections 6, 6' as continuous smooth contours prints. The print separations 10, 10 ', 10 "are correspondingly printed on different surfaces of the substrate layer 22 and 24. As the person skilled in the art will recognize, a diverse arrangement of line sections in different levels of the security document thus results in a versatile possibility of coding information.

Another way to code information in a fine line is in one embodiment Fig. 8 shown. Two printing extracts 9 and 10 produced by different printing methods are printed on an upper side 27 of the substrate layer 22 and a lower surface 28 of the substrate layer 22. The individual line sections 7, 7 ', 7 ", 7'" of the printing excerpt 10 printed with the printing method using printing dots have different overlap lengths 32-35 with the corresponding adjacent line sections 6, 6 ', 6 ", 6'" of FIG Pressure extension 9 on. For example, while the line portion 7 'has overlapping portions or overlapping portions 32, 33 each being identically long, the line portion 7 "with its adjacent line portions 6', 6" has no overlap lengths of zero length. By contrast, the line segment 7 '"has overlapping regions 34 and 35 of different lengths with the adjacent line segments 6" and 6 ". Thus, information about the individualization and / or personalization of the security document can likewise be coded and stored over the length and any asymmetry present.

Based on Fig. 9a to 9d is to be explained how also individualizing and / or personalizing information can be encoded via variation of the line shape of individual line sections. In Fig. 9a and 9b are plan views of different substrate layers 22, 23 shown, on each of which a printing separation 9 and 10 are printed a fine line. The printing separation 9 is produced by means of a printing process which prints continuous smooth line sections 6, 6 ',.... The printing separation 10 is printed by a printing method, such as an ink-jet printing method, which uses printing dots to display the printed image 11. The two printing extracts 9, 10 are printed and designed so that the fine line 4 results in a register-accurate overlay. In Fig. 9c is a plan view of the finished security document 1, in which the substrate layers 22 and 23 after Fig. 9a and 9b are inserted as inner substrate layers. When Dash-dot line is an "axis of symmetry" 41 drawn as a wave-like basic contour of the fine line 4 located. In each case a half-wave of this basic contour is associated with the printing separation 9, which is printed by means of the printing process, which represents continuous smooth contour sections. The other half wave is printed each time with the other printing method using printing dots. In this case, for example, the amplitude is varied in four steps, as indicated by the dashed auxiliary line 42-46. The symmetry axis 41 and the auxiliary lines 42-46 are only for illustration in the Fig. 9a to 9c contained and not available on real substrate layers or in a real security or value document. In Fig. 9d Finally, a sectional view of the security document 1 is shown. It can be seen that the individual pressure separations 9, 10 in this embodiment are printed in different planes, ie on different surfaces of the substrate layer 22. Of course, an embodiment is possible in which the two printing extracts 9, 10 are printed on the same substrate layer surface.

The described exemplary embodiments represent only exemplary, greatly simplified embodiments of the invention. It results for the person skilled in the art that the individual features, in particular the individual coding types for coding an individualizing and / or personalizing information in a value and / or security document, with each other as desired can be combined. This creates the possibility of realizing a high information density with a relatively small number of line sections. Alternatively and / or additionally, two different types of encoding may be used to achieve redundancy of the encoded information encoded in individual line segments or individual sequences of line segments. This can also be a verification of a correct examination of the coding are made. For example, it is possible for a line section having certain overlapping lengths with its adjacent line sections to be printed in a particular plane of the document. Line sections having a different overlap length with their adjacent line segments may, for example, be in another plane of the document, i. on a different substrate layer surface to be printed in the manufacture.

The various embodiments can be realized with different printing inks and inks. To a particularly stable monolithic document body for However, to obtain the security and / or value document, it is advantageous to use only substrate layers of thermoplastic polycarbonate. In such a case, it is convenient to perform printing using the printing dots as ink-jet printing and to use a polycarbonate-based ink. The continuous smooth contours printing further used printing process can use a similar preparation as an ink.

The following are examples of a preparation of a polycarbonate derivative useful for this purpose, a preparation of a liquid preparation suitable for the production of an ink-jet printing ink, and the preparation of a first suitably usable ink-jet printing ink.

Example 1: Preparation of a suitably usable polycarbonate derivative

149.0 g (0.65 mol) of bisphenol A (2,2-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -propane, 107.9 g (0.35 mol) of 1,1-bis (4-hydroxyphenyl) -3 , 3,5-trimethylcyclohexane, 336.6 g (6 mol) of KOH and 2700 g of water are dissolved in an inert gas atmosphere with stirring, then a solution of 1.88 g of phenol in 2500 ml of methylene chloride is added 198 g (2 mol) of phosgene were introduced at pH 13 to 14 and 21 to 25 ° C. Thereafter, 1 ml of ethyl piperidine was added and the mixture was stirred for another 45 min washed neutral with water and freed from the solvent.

The polycarbonate derivative showed a relative solution viscosity of 1.263. The glass transition temperature was determined to be 183 ° C. (DSC).

Example 2: Preparation of a liquid preparation suitable for the production of an ink jet ink

A liquid preparation was prepared from 17.5 parts by weight of the polycarbonate derivative of Example 1 and 82.5 parts by weight of a Lsgm.-blend according to Table I. Table I mesitylene 2.4 1-methoxy-2-propanol 34.95 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene 10.75 Ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate 33.35 cumene 0.105 Solvent naphtha 18.45

There was obtained a colorless, highly viscous solution having a solution viscosity at room temperature of 800mPas.

Example 3: Preparation of a First Appropriately Usable Inkjet Ink

In a 50 ml wide-mouth threaded glass 10 g of polycarbonate solution from Example 2 and 32.5 g of the solvent mixture from Example 2 were homogenized using a magnetic stirrer (4% PC solution). A colorless, low-viscosity solution having a solution viscosity at 20 ° C. of 5.02 mPa.s was obtained.

The polycarbonate solution obtained was additionally admixed with about 2% of Pigment Black 28. The result is an ink by means of which black and white images can be printed on polycarbonate films. By an equivalent addition of other pigments or dyes can be prepared according to monochrome and / or colored inks.

A change in the resolution of a dot-printed pattern printed with the ink almost does not occur in the joining operation in which the pattern-printed substrate layer is bonded to a substrate layer disposed thereabove. This means that the pattern will remain in almost the same resolution even after lamination.

An optical examination of the composite revealed otherwise no detectable phase boundary. The composite proved to be a monolithic block, which also resists delamination.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

The security document

2

Security printing pattern

3

fine line pattern

4, 5

fine lines

6-8

line segments

9, 10

Printed records

11

print image

12

overlap area

13

line thickness

14, 15

end up

21-25

substrate layers

26

document body

27

upper surface of the substrate layer 22

28

lower surface of the substrate layer 22

29

upper surface of the substrate layer 24

31

gap

32-35

overlapping areas

41

axis of symmetry

42-46

guides

Claims (15)

1. Method for production of a value and/or security document (1) comprising:

   provision of substrate layers (21 - 25),

   printed application of a printed security pattern (2) comprising a fine line pattern (3) onto at least one of the substrate layers (21-25) as a security feature,

   joining of the substrate layers (21-25) into a monolithic document body (26),
   characterized in that

   the printed security pattern (2) is subdivided into at least two partial prints (9, 10) which complement each other such that one section of at least one fine line (4) of the fine line pattern is printed when each partial print (9, 10) is printed, and the at least two partial prints (9, 10) are printed using at least two different printing processes, wherein at least one of the at least two partial prints (9, 10) is printed by means of a printing process using printed dots, and

   at least one other of the at least two partial prints (9, 10) is printed by means of a printing process that prints the section or sections of the at least one fine line (4) in the form of a smooth contour or smooth contours, wherein one of the printing processes is an inkjet printing process printing printed dots, in which one of the at least two partial prints (9, 10) is printed in the form of printed dots.
2. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that one partial print is printed with a non-digital printing process, in particular a wet offset printing process, a waterless offset printing process or a direct and indirect letterpress process.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that as a line pattern (3), at least one fine line (4, 5) with changing colour developments between at least two shades is applied by printing.
4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the printed security pattern is broken down such that the at least two partial prints (9, 10) each comprise several line segments (6, 6',... 7, 7', ...) of the at least one fine line (4).
5. Method according to claim 4, characterised in that the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) of the different at least two partial prints (9, 10) are printed partly overlapping each other.
6. Method according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the at least two partial prints (9, 10) each comprise several line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) of the at least one fine line (4), and the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) each have a line thickness (13) and are printed so that the line thickness (13) in each case diminishes towards the ends (14, 15) of the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...).
7. Method according to claim 6, characterised in that a line thickness (13) is varied via a printed dot size,
8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the partial prints (9, 10) are printed onto different substrate surfaces (27, 28, 29) of the substrate layers (21-25) so that these complement each other with a precise fit for viewing the printed security pattern (2).
9. Method according to any one of claims 4 to 8, characterised in that the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) of the at least one partial print (9, 10) produced by means of the inkjet printing are produced from printed dots overlapping only in the direction of the line course.
10. Method according to any one of claims 4 to 9, characterised in that personalising and/or individualising information is stored via lengths and/or positions of the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) of the at least one fine line (4).
11. Method according to claim 10, characterised in that the personalising and/or individualising information is stored via lengths of the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) succeeding each other along the at least one fine line (4) in one of the at least two partial prints (9, 10).
12. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the personalising and/or individualising information is stored via lengths of overlapping regions (12, 32-35) of the line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) of the at least one fine line (4) of the at least two partial prints (9, 10).
13. Value and/or security document (1) comprising:

    a monolithic document body (26) that is composed of several substrate layers (21-25), wherein a printed security pattern (3) is printed onto at least one of the substrate layers (21-25) as a security feature encompassing a fine line pattern (3),
    characterised in that

    the printed security pattern (2) is subdivided into at least two partial prints (9, 10) which complement each other such that one section of at least one fine line (4) of the fine line pattern (3) is printed when each partial print (9, 10) is printed, and the at least two partial prints (9, 10) are printed using different printing processes, wherein at least one of the at least two partial prints (9, 10) is printed by means of a printing process using printed dots, and at least one other of the at least two separate partial prints (9, 10) is printed by means of a printing process that prints the section or sections of the at least one fine line (4) in the form of a smooth contour or smooth contours, wherein one of the at least two partial prints (9, 10) is produced by means of an inkjet print composed of printed dots.
14. Value and/or security document (1) according to claim 13, characterised in that one partial print is printed with a non-digital printing process, in particular a wet offset printing process, a waterless offset printing process or a direct and indirect letterpress process.
15. Value and/or security document (1) according to claim 13 or 14, characterised in that the at least two partial prints (9, 10) each comprise several line segments (6, 6', ..., 7, 7', ...) of the at least one fine line (4).

Images