EP2246457B1 - Method for roughening a metal surface, in particular a cylinder wall of a crankcase - Google Patents

Method for roughening a metal surface, in particular a cylinder wall of a crankcase Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2246457B1
EP2246457B1 EP10003319.0A EP10003319A EP2246457B1 EP 2246457 B1 EP2246457 B1 EP 2246457B1 EP 10003319 A EP10003319 A EP 10003319A EP 2246457 B1 EP2246457 B1 EP 2246457B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal surface
roughening
water
sodium hydroxide
hydroxide solution
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Active
Application number
EP10003319.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2246457A1 (en
Inventor
Wolfram Dr. Wagener
Georg Bartholomie
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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Publication of EP2246457A1 publication Critical patent/EP2246457A1/en
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F1/00—Etching metallic material by chemical means
    • C23F1/10—Etching compositions
    • C23F1/14—Aqueous compositions
    • C23F1/32—Alkaline compositions
    • C23F1/36—Alkaline compositions for etching aluminium or alloys thereof

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from WO 02/02845 A2 known.
  • the relevant prior art also includes the EP 568315 B1 . US 5626674 as well as the US 5380564 , At the described there
  • the process involves roughening cylinder surfaces of crankcases by irradiation with a high-pressure jet of pure water.
  • the cylinder surfaces are eroded by the high-pressure water jet, whereby soft structural phases are washed out of the surface.
  • the result of this erosion process is a rough surface with undercuts and channels compared to the initial state, which is then optimally suitable for a subsequent coating with a coating material, wherein the "undercuts" a very good adhesion of the coating is achieved on the underlying material.
  • the crankcase heats up to a temperature in the range between 50 ° C and 90 ° C, wherein the water at least partially evaporated.
  • a very high pump pressure and a large volume flow in relation to the pressure level required is a very high pump pressure and a large volume flow in relation to the pressure level required.
  • pump manufacturers offer pumps that can produce the required pressures of 250 - 350 MPa (2500 - 3500 bar) at a flow rate of 10 - 25 liters / min. Accordingly expensive is not only the pump technology itself, but also the reprocessing of the volume of water used.
  • the object of the invention is to modify the known per se method for roughening metal surfaces so that it is cost-effective and feasible with less technical effort.
  • the pressure level of the high-pressure water jet can be lowered to 100 to 250 MPa (1000 to 2500 bar), without thereby worsening the "roughening performance” or “roughening quality” compared with conventional processes.
  • the metal surface is carefully freed from alkali residues after the roughening process.
  • the removal of lye residues can be done, for example, by rinsing at low pressure with pure water.
  • a "flux" may also be added to the water. So-called fluxes are known from soldering. They are applied to the workpiece to achieve a good bond between the solder material and the material of the workpiece during soldering.
  • This principle can also be used when roughening metal surfaces by means of a high-pressure water jet. After blasting the roughened metal surface and the drying and cooling of the surface remain residues of the water used for blasting added flux on the metal surface back.
  • the metal surface is coated after roughening by means of a thermal coating method.
  • a suitable, known coating method is, for example, the arc wire spraying method in which energy-rich metal particles are "shot" onto the surface to be coated by means of an arc.
  • flux e.g. the flux produced by Solvay Fluor GmbH under the trade name "Nocoloc”.
  • the flux may be added to the water used for roughening in a concentration between e.g. 0.01% and 10% are added.
  • a dye is further added to the water used for roughening.
  • color pigments of the order of magnitude of between 0.01 ⁇ m and 1 ⁇ m in a concentration of up to 15% may be added to the water.
  • the addition of dye then makes it possible in a simple manner to control whether the lye added to the water or the flux additionally added to the water has distributed uniformly on the metal surface to be roughened or roughened.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruches 1. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus der WO 02/02845 A2 bekannt.
Zum relevanten Stand der Technik zählen ferner die EP 568315 B1 , US 5626674 sowie die US 5380564 . Bei den dort beschriebenenThe present invention relates to a method according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from WO 02/02845 A2 known.
The relevant prior art also includes the EP 568315 B1 . US 5626674 as well as the US 5380564 , At the described there

Verfahren geht es darum, Zylinderlaufflächen von Kurbelgehäusen durch Bestrahlen mit einem Hochdruckstrahl aus reinem Wasser aufzurauhen. Die Zylinderlaufflächen werden durch den Hochdruckwasserstrahl erodiert, wobei weiche Gefügephasen aus der Oberfläche herausgewaschen werden. Ergebnis dieses Erosionsprozesses ist eine im Vergleich zum Ausgangszustand rauhe Oberfläche mit Hinterschneidungen und Kanälen, die dann optimal für eine anschließende Beschichtung mit einem Beschichtungsmaterial geeignet ist, wobei durch die "Hinterschneidungen" eine sehr gute Haftung der Beschichtung auf dem darunter befindlichen Material erreicht wird.
Die in den oben genannten Dokumenten beschriebenen Verfahren arbeiten, wie bereits erwähnt, mit reinem Wasser. Aufgrund der hohen kinetischen Energie mit der der Hochdruckwasserstrahl auf die Zylinderlaufflächen auftrifft, erwärmt sich das Kurbelgehäuse auf eine Temperatur im Bereich zwischen 50°C und 90°C, wobei das Wasser zumindest teilweise verdampft. Um den Wasserstrahl hinreichend stark zu beschleunigen, so dass die Zylinderlaufflächen bis in eine Tiefe von 50 - 100 µm "zerfurcht" werden, ist ein sehr hoher Pumpendruck und ein in Relation zu dem Druckniveau großer Volumenstrom erforderlich.
Derzeit bieten nur einige wenige Pumpenhersteller Pumpen an, welche die erforderlichen Drücke von 250 - 350 MPa (2500 - 3500 bar) bei einem Volumenstrom von 10 - 25 Liter/min erzeugen können. Dementsprechend teuer ist nicht nur die Pumpentechnik an sich, sondern auch die Wiederaufbereitung des Volumens des verwendeten Wassers. Zur Herausfilterung der erosiv abgetragenen Metallpartikel aus dem Wasser werden nämlich Filter benötigt, die Partikel in der Größenordnung von einem Durchmesser von 1 µm herausfiltern können.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, das an sich bekannte Verfahren zum Aufrauhen von Metalloberflächen so zu modifizieren, dass es kostengünstiger und mit einem geringeren technischen Aufwand durchführbar ist.The process involves roughening cylinder surfaces of crankcases by irradiation with a high-pressure jet of pure water. The cylinder surfaces are eroded by the high-pressure water jet, whereby soft structural phases are washed out of the surface. The result of this erosion process is a rough surface with undercuts and channels compared to the initial state, which is then optimally suitable for a subsequent coating with a coating material, wherein the "undercuts" a very good adhesion of the coating is achieved on the underlying material.
The methods described in the above documents work, as already mentioned, with pure water. Due to the high kinetic energy with which the high-pressure water jet impinges on the cylinder surfaces, the crankcase heats up to a temperature in the range between 50 ° C and 90 ° C, wherein the water at least partially evaporated. To accelerate the water jet sufficiently strong so that the cylinder running surfaces are "ruffled" to a depth of 50 - 100 microns, is a very high pump pressure and a large volume flow in relation to the pressure level required.
Currently, only a few pump manufacturers offer pumps that can produce the required pressures of 250 - 350 MPa (2500 - 3500 bar) at a flow rate of 10 - 25 liters / min. Accordingly expensive is not only the pump technology itself, but also the reprocessing of the volume of water used. To filter out the erosively removed metal particles from the water namely filters are needed that can filter out particles on the order of a diameter of 1 micron.
The object of the invention is to modify the known per se method for roughening metal surfaces so that it is cost-effective and feasible with less technical effort.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen des Verfahrens sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 bis 8 definiert. Das Grundprinzip der Erfindung besteht darin, anstatt mit reinem oder im Wesentlichen reinem Wasser mit einem Gemisch aus Wasser und einer Substanz in Form einer Natronlauge zu arbeiten, die mit der aufzurauhenden Metalloberfläche chemisch reagiert bzw. diese "angreift". Zusätzlich zu einer rein mechanischen, d.h. erosiven bzw. abrasiven Aufrauhung mittels eines Hochdruckwasserstrahls erfolgt eine zusätzliche, auf chemischen Vorgängen beruhende Aufrauhung der Metalloberfläche. Ein ganz wesentlicher, sich hieraus ergebender Vorteil ist darin zu sehen, dass im Vergleich zu den herkömmlichen Verfahren mit geringeren Drücken gearbeitet werden kann, wodurch sich die Investitionskosten für die Pumpentechnik verringern. Je nach Art und Konzentration der dem Wasser zugegebenen Substanz kann das Druckniveau des Hochdruckwasserstrahls auf 100 bis 250 MPa (1000 bis 2500 bar) abgesenkt werden, ohne dass sich dadurch die "Aufrauhleistung" bzw. "Aufrauhqualität" gegenüber herkömmlichen Verfahren verschlechtert.This object is achieved by the method according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the method are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 8. The basic principle of the invention is instead of working with pure or substantially pure water with a mixture of water and a substance in the form of a caustic soda, which chemically reacts or "attacks" with the surface of the metal to be roughened. In addition to a purely mechanical, i. erosive or abrasive roughening by means of a high-pressure water jet takes place an additional, based on chemical processes roughening of the metal surface. A very significant, resulting advantage is the fact that can be compared to the conventional method with lower pressures, thereby reducing the investment costs for the pump technology. Depending on the nature and concentration of the substance added to the water, the pressure level of the high-pressure water jet can be lowered to 100 to 250 MPa (1000 to 2500 bar), without thereby worsening the "roughening performance" or "roughening quality" compared with conventional processes.

Sehr gute Ergebnisse lassen sich dadurch erzielen, dass dem verwendeten Wasser Natronlauge (NaOH) z.B. in einer Konzentra-tion zugesetzt wird, mit der sich ein Laugenanteil im Bereich zwischen 0,001 % bis 7 % des Gesamtgemischs ergibt.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Metalloberfläche nach dem Aufrauhvorgang sorgfältig von Laugenrückständen befreit. Die Entfernung von Laugenrückständen kann beispielsweise durch Abspülen mit niedrigem Druck mit reinem Wasser erfolgen.
Alternativ oder ergänzend zur Zugabe einer Lauge kann dem Wasser auch ein "Flussmittel" zugesetzt werden. Sogenannte Flussmittel sind aus der Löttechnik bekannt. Sie werden auf das Werkstück aufgetragen, um beim Löten eine gute Verbindung zwischen dem Lotmaterial und dem Material des Werkstücks zu erreichen. Dieses Prinzip kann auch beim Aufrauhen von Metalloberflächen mittels eines Hochdruckwasserstrahls eingesetzt werden. Nach dem Abstrahlen der aufzurauhenden Metalloberfläche und der Trocknung und Abkühlung der Oberfläche verbleiben Reste des dem zum Abstrahlen verwendeten Wassers zugesetzten Flussmittels auf der Metalloberfläche zurück.
Nach einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird die Metalloberfläche nach dem Aufrauhen mittels eines thermischen Beschichtungsverfahrens beschichtet. Ein geeignetes, bekanntes Beschichtungsverfahren ist z.B. das Lichtbogendrahtspritzverfahren, bei dem mittels eines Lichtbogens energiereiche Metallpartikel auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche "geschossen" werden. Aufgrund der beim Auftreffen der Metallpartikel abzubauenden kinetische Energie bzw. aufgrund der hierbei lokal entstehenden hohen Drücke kommt es zum einem starken Temperaturanstieg, was dazu führt, dass die Flussmittelrückstände mit dem Material der Metalloberfläche (z.B. Aluminium bzw. Aluminium-Legierung) chemisch reagieren, was zu einer Entoxidierung der Metalloberfläche und im Ergebnis zu einer oxidarmen Verbindung zwischen dem Beschichtungsmaterial (z.B. Fe-Legierungen oder AI-Legierungen) und dem Material des Werkstücks (z.B. Aluminium) führt.Very good results can be achieved in that the water used sodium hydroxide (NaOH), for example, in a concentration is added, which results in a caustic content in the range between 0.001% to 7% of the total mixture.
According to a development of the invention, the metal surface is carefully freed from alkali residues after the roughening process. The removal of lye residues can be done, for example, by rinsing at low pressure with pure water.
Alternatively or in addition to the addition of an alkali, a "flux" may also be added to the water. So-called fluxes are known from soldering. They are applied to the workpiece to achieve a good bond between the solder material and the material of the workpiece during soldering. This principle can also be used when roughening metal surfaces by means of a high-pressure water jet. After blasting the roughened metal surface and the drying and cooling of the surface remain residues of the water used for blasting added flux on the metal surface back.
According to a development of the invention, the metal surface is coated after roughening by means of a thermal coating method. A suitable, known coating method is, for example, the arc wire spraying method in which energy-rich metal particles are "shot" onto the surface to be coated by means of an arc. Due to the kinetic energy to be degraded upon impact of the metal particles or due to the local high pressures resulting there is a strong increase in temperature, which causes the flux residues with the material of the metal surface (eg aluminum or aluminum alloy) chemically react, which leads to a deoxidization of the metal surface and as a result to a low-oxide connection between the coating material (eg Fe alloys or Al alloys) and the material of the workpiece (eg aluminum).

Als "Flussmittel" kann z.B. das von der Solvay Fluor GmbH unter dem Markennamen "Nocoloc" hergestellte Flussmittel verwendet werden. Das Flussmittel kann dem zum Aufrauhen verwendeten Wasser in einer Konzentration zwischen z.B. 0,01 % und 10 % zugegeben werden.As a "flux", e.g. the flux produced by Solvay Fluor GmbH under the trade name "Nocoloc". The flux may be added to the water used for roughening in a concentration between e.g. 0.01% and 10% are added.

Dem zum Aufrauhen verwendeten Wasser wird ferner ein Farbstoff zugegeben Beispielsweise können Farbpigmente in einer Größenordnung zwischen 0,01 µm und 1 µm in einer Konzentration von bis zu 15 % dem Wasser zugegeben werden. Die Zugabe von Farbstoff ermöglicht dann in einfacher Weise eine Kontrolle, ob sich die dem Wasser zugesetzte Lauge bzw. das dem Wasser zusätzlich zugesetzte Flussmittel gleichmäßig auf der aufzurauhenden bzw. aufgerauhten Metalloberfläche verteilt hat.A dye is further added to the water used for roughening. For example, color pigments of the order of magnitude of between 0.01 μm and 1 μm in a concentration of up to 15% may be added to the water. The addition of dye then makes it possible in a simple manner to control whether the lye added to the water or the flux additionally added to the water has distributed uniformly on the metal surface to be roughened or roughened.

Claims (8)

  1. A method for roughening a metal surface, especially a cylinder wall of a crankcase, wherein
    • the metal surface is mechanically roughened by spraying with a high-pressure liquid jet, and
    • as liquid a mixture of water and a substance which chemically reacts with the metal surface is used,
    characterised in that
    • the roughening is mechanical and chemical roughening, with the substance being a sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH), and
    • a dye is added to the water, by means of which it is checked whether the sodium hydroxide solution added to the water has been distributed uniformly on the metal surface to be roughened.
  2. A method according to Claim 1,
    characterised in that the sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) is a concentrated sodium hydroxide solution.
  3. A method according to one of Claims 1 or 2,
    characterised in that after the roughening of the metal surface remnants of the sodium hydroxide solution added to the water are removed from the metal surface with pure water.
  4. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in that the high-pressure liquid jet is at a pressure of up to 350 MPa (3500 bar), especially a pressure in the range between 100 and 250 MPa (1000 bar and 2500 bar).
  5. A method according to one of Claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in that the mixture additionally contains a flux.
  6. A method according to Claim 5,
    characterised in that after the mechanical roughening flux remains behind on the roughened metal surface.
  7. A method according to one of Claims 5 or 6,
    characterised in that the metal surface after the roughening is provided with a surface coating by means of a thermal coating process, with a chemical reaction of the flux remaining on the metal surface with the material of the metal surface occurring at the temperature which occurs at the metal surface in this case, especially with deoxidation of the metal surface and a low-oxide join between the coating material and the metal surface occurring.
  8. A method according to Claim 7,
    characterised in that laser spraying is used as the coating process, especially a thermal coating process such as plasma or arc wire spraying.
EP10003319.0A 2009-04-30 2010-03-27 Method for roughening a metal surface, in particular a cylinder wall of a crankcase Active EP2246457B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009019674.9A DE102009019674B4 (en) 2009-04-30 2009-04-30 Process for coating a cylinder wall of a crankcase

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2246457A1 EP2246457A1 (en) 2010-11-03
EP2246457B1 true EP2246457B1 (en) 2017-12-06

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EP10003319.0A Active EP2246457B1 (en) 2009-04-30 2010-03-27 Method for roughening a metal surface, in particular a cylinder wall of a crankcase

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DE (1) DE102009019674B4 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013014844A1 (en) * 2013-09-05 2015-03-05 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Method for processing a cylinder wall of an internal combustion engine
EP3132893A1 (en) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-22 Sturm Maschinen- & Anlagenbau GmbH Method and apparatus for machining and roughening a surface
DE102019117851A1 (en) * 2019-07-02 2021-01-07 Nemak, S.A.B. De C.V. Method for connecting a component to another component

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JP2586986B2 (en) * 1992-04-28 1997-03-05 プログレツシイヴ ブラ−ステイング システムズ インコ−ポレイテツド Apparatus and method for blasting metal surfaces
US5380564A (en) 1992-04-28 1995-01-10 Progressive Blasting Systems, Inc. High pressure water jet method of blasting low density metallic surfaces
JPH0941179A (en) * 1995-07-28 1997-02-10 Tatsuo Okazaki Chemicals adding cylinder having passage switching mechanism
US5723187A (en) * 1996-06-21 1998-03-03 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method of bonding thermally sprayed coating to non-roughened aluminum surfaces
US5691004A (en) * 1996-07-11 1997-11-25 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method of treating light metal cylinder bore walls to receive thermal sprayed metal coatings
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DE102005055708B4 (en) * 2005-11-23 2014-02-13 Daimler Ag Thermally sprayed sliding layers with improved layer adhesion and their production process
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Publication number Publication date
EP2246457A1 (en) 2010-11-03
DE102009019674B4 (en) 2016-09-01
DE102009019674A1 (en) 2010-12-23

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