EP2239384A2 - Grid structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The girder has lattice bars (20, 30, 40, 50) connected with each other in an articulated manner. Repeating successive structures are spreaded into a pyramid-like or pyramid-frustum-like structure (10), where a point of the repeating successive structure stays in connection with a base area (11) of the adjacent structure or forms a part of the base area of the adjacent structure. The lattice bars are arranged at vertices of the base area of the spreaded structure, where the lattice bars interconnect the structures with each other.

Description

The invention relates to a lattice structure with articulated interconnected bars.

Lattice structures are used, for example, in structures that must be built only for a temporary period and dismantled for transport again. It is also conceivable to provide lattice structures which remain permanently in place and serve, for example, as support structures for buildings, etc. In both cases, it is disadvantageous that the individual elements of the lattice structures need a lot of space, since they have large cross-sections. This disadvantage arises not only during transport, but of course also during storage or other storage of such lattice structures. The object of the invention is to provide a lattice structure for lattice structures, which is movable in different positions and requires only comparatively little space in at least one position.

This object is achieved by a lattice support structure with the features of claim 1. Thereafter, it is envisaged that the lattice structure will have repetitive, successive structures which are expandable into a pyramidal or truncated pyramidal structure, with the tip of one of the structures communicating with or forming part of the base of the adjacent structure. Such a truss structure has a comparatively small volume when the structures are in the unexpanded position and is expandable to a comparatively large volume when the structures are spread. The lattice structure can be permanently or temporarily used and serve as a support structure or form part of such a construction.

It is conceivable that at the vertices of the base surfaces of the spread structures grid bars set that connect the structures together. These can be straight rods that attach to corner points of the base surfaces and connect several structures with each other.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the bases of the spread structures are limited by bars consisting of two or more than two articulated interconnected segments. These bars can be arranged in the spread state of the structures straight and in the non-spread state of the structures angled.

Furthermore, it can be provided that struts extend from the tips of the structures to the corner points of the base surfaces of the spread-apart structures, which are articulated to the tips and / or which consist of two or more than two articulated segments. The structures may further comprise grid bars extending from the base of the spread structures, preferably from the vertices of the bases of the spread structures to the top of the structures, thereby forming the edges of the structures connecting the base to the top of the structure.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the base surfaces of the spread-open structures are designed as three or quadrangular, preferably square, or polygonal.

The invention further relates to a lattice support structure with expandable structures, in particular a lattice support structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the lattice structure has pivotally arranged bars, wherein the pivotable connection is designed such that one of the pivotally connected parts has a projection and that the other of the pivotally connected parts has a limited on three sides by walls groove in which the projection of the other part is pivotally received. The groove bottom thus serves as a boundary, so that a pivoting of the grid bar is only possible as far as possible, until one of said parts rests against the groove bottom. In this position, the grid is thus blocked or further pivoting is not possible. Such a pivotable connection may be provided where two segments of a grid bar pivotally communicate with each other and / or where a grid bar is hinged to another part of the lattice support structure.

The grating bar may have the projection at its one end region and the said groove at its other end region. In this way it is possible to connect a plurality of bars together or to provide bars of different lengths. In principle, it is also conceivable to carry out both ends of the lattice bar with grooves or with the said projections.

It is particularly advantageous if a brake or a fixing device is provided which fixes the grid bars in a specific pivot position. there it may be, for example, a drum, disc or jaw brake. The brake can be actuated hydraulically or mechanically, for example. The brake may comprise brake shoes which have two projections which, upon actuation of the brake, simultaneously come into contact with the respectively adjacent part, for example with the said projection, and thus develop an optimal braking effect.

The invention further relates to a tower consisting of a lattice structure with expandable structures, in particular with a lattice structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tower serves as evacuation tower and has, for example, stairs and / or an elevator. It is conceivable that the tower consists of lattice support segments that are connected to each other or are assembled in situ when building the tower.

The invention further relates to a bridge consisting of a lattice support structure with expandable structure, in particular with a lattice support structure according to one of claims 1 to 6.

The invention further relates to a building with a tower consisting of a lattice structure with expandable structures, in particular with a lattice structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tower is arranged with non-spread structures in or on the building and, if necessary, is thereby enlarged, that the structures are spread. The tower may have stairs and / or an elevator for evacuation purposes.

The invention further relates to a transport system consisting of a lattice structure with expandable structures, in particular with a lattice structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the lattice structure one or more elevators are arranged and wherein the lattice support structure consists of several interconnected lattice support structure segments which run in different directions, so that the elevator is also movable in correspondingly different directions.

The invention further relates to a support structure for a tunnel consisting of a lattice support structure with expandable structures, in particular with a lattice support structure according to one of claims 1 to 6.

The invention further relates to a tunnel with a support structure according to claim 15.

The invention finally relates to a fastening system for islands or protective devices, such as dykes, dams, walls and the like, which is characterized in that the fastening system consists of rings or straight or curved elements or segments consisting of a lattice structure, preferably of a lattice structure with expandable Structures and in particular of a lattice structure according to one of claims 1 to 6.

The lattice structure may be located adjacent or adjacent to the island or the protection device and / or to the island or protection device.

It may be located on the side of the protection device facing the land or on the water side or on top of the protection device.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the protective device has fixing elements to which the lattice support structure can be mounted.

The lattice structure may extend in the longitudinal direction of the protection device. It may consist of elongated elements or segments, which are arranged one above the other or offset from one another.

The invention further relates to a ship with one or more lattice structures with expandable structures, in particular with one or more lattice structures according to one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized in that the at least one lattice structure is movable away from the hull of the ship and can be moved, in particular swiveled, towards the hull of the ship.

The at least one lattice structure may have gas-filled, in particular air-filled chambers or be in communication with them.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the at least one lattice support structure is designed in such a way that it has structures which are not spread apart in the state lying against the hull of the ship and structures which are spread apart in the fuselage-spaced state.

The at least one lattice structure can be accessible and / or have a suitable for loading and unloading of the vessel cavity.

Figur 1:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Gittertrag- werks,

Figur 2:

eine Schnittdarstellung gemäß Linie A-A in Figur 1,

Figur 3:

eine weitere perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Gittertragwerkes in einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Figur 4:

eine Schnittdarstellung durch das Gittertragwerk gemäß Figur 3,

Figur 5:

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Gittertrag- werks in einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Figur 6:

eine Schnittdarstellung durch das Gittertragwerk gemäß Figur 5,

Figur 7:

eine schematische Darstellung eines zentral verlaufenden Betäti- gungsrohres mit daran angeordneten Gitterstäben,

Figur 8 - 11:

unterschiedliche Darstellungen von Gitterstäben und Gitterstab- Verbindungen,

Figur 12:

unterschiedliche Ansichten von Teilen einer schwenkbaren Verbin- dung der Gitterstäbe,

Figur 13:

schematische Ansichten eines Gittertragwerkes in einer weiteren Ausführungsform,

Figur 14:

eine schematische Ansicht eines Evakuierungsturms bestehend aus einem Gittertragwerk,

Figur 15:

eine schematische Darstellung einer Brücke bestehend aus einem Gittertragwerk,

Figur 16a,b

eine schematische Darstellung eines Gebäudes mit einem Gitter- tragwerk

Figur 17:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Transportsystems bestehend aus einem Gittertragwerk,

Figur 18:

eine schematische Darstellung eines Tunnels mit einem Gittertrag- werk,

Figur 19:

unterschiedliche Darstellungen des Gittertragwerks gemäß Figur 18,

Figur 20a, b:

schematische Darstellungen einer mit Gittertragwerken befestigten Insel/Schutzvorrichtung,

Fig. 21 - 23:

schematische Darstellungen von Gittertragwerken als Schutz- bzw. Befestigungsvorrichtungen vor bzw. nach Dammbrüchen und

Fig. 24- - 26:

schematische Darstellungen eines Bootes mit darin angeordneten Gittertragwerken.

Further details and advantages of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing. Show it:

FIG. 1:

a perspective view of a lattice girder according to the invention,

FIG. 2:

a sectional view along the line AA in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3:

a further perspective view of a lattice support structure according to the invention in a further embodiment,

FIG. 4:

a sectional view through the lattice structure according to FIG. 3 .

FIG. 5:

a perspective view of a lattice girder according to the invention in a further embodiment,

FIG. 6:

a sectional view through the lattice structure according to FIG. 5 .

FIG. 7:

a schematic representation of a centrally extending actuating tube with bars arranged thereon,

FIGS. 8-11:

different representations of grid bars and grid bar connections,

FIG. 12:

different views of parts of a pivotable connection of the bars,

FIG. 13:

schematic views of a lattice structure in a further embodiment,

FIG. 14:

a schematic view of an evacuation tower consisting of a lattice structure,

FIG. 15:

a schematic representation of a bridge consisting of a lattice structure,

FIG. 16a, b

a schematic representation of a building with a grid structure

FIG. 17:

a schematic representation of a transport system consisting of a lattice structure,

FIG. 18:

a schematic representation of a tunnel with a Gittertrag- work,

FIG. 19:

different representations of the lattice structure according to FIG. 18 .

FIG. 20a, b:

schematic representations of an island / protective structure fastened with lattice structures,

FIGS. 21-23:

schematic representations of lattice structures as protection or fastening devices before or after dam breaks and

Fig. 24- - 26:

schematic representations of a boat with lattice structures arranged therein.

FIG. 1 shows in a schematic representation of the lattice support structure, which consists of interconnected pyramidal stump-like structures 10. Each of the structures has a base 11 and a tip 12, the surface 12 of a structure forming part of the base 11 of the following structure. The bases of the structures are delimited by bars 20, each of which has a joint in the center, as in FIG FIG. 1 is indicated.

The bases of the structures 10 forming base surfaces are connected by an unillustrated actuator, such as a rod or a cable. Depending on the direction of actuation of the rod or cable, the structure is spread or contracted. If the actuating element is actuated in accordance with the upwardly pointing arrow, the lattice support structure is pulled together, spread apart in the actuation according to the downward arrow.

Starting from tips of the structures, bars 30 extend to the corners of the bases, which are articulated.

The outer edges of the structure are formed by vertical, straight bars 40, which attach to the vertices of the base surfaces 11.

The bars 30 are pivotally connected to the surfaces 12 and with the bars 40 in connection. The bars 20 are pivotally connected to the bars 40 in connection.

The structures 10 also have grid bars 50 which extend from the respective base surfaces 11 to the tips or the tips forming units or surfaces 12 and are articulated there respectively. They form the edges of the structures 10.

FIG. 2 shows a sectional view of the structure according to FIG. 1 in the section line AA in differently spread states. Reference numeral 60 denotes a central operating rod which communicates with the tips of the structures 10. The letters A, B and C indicate the pivotal connection between the bars 30 and the actuating bar 60 and the top of the structure 10 (point C) and the bars 40 (point B). At point B, further, the grid bar 50 is pivotally connected to the grid bar 40 and at point A to the top of the structure 10.

FIG. 3 shows the structure according to the invention in a further embodiment, in which the bases are not square, but polygon executed. Reference numerals 60 designate winches, by means of which a cable extending through the tips of the pyramids can be moved in different directions.

FIG. 4 shows a corresponding sectional view through the arrangement according to FIG. 3 in different widely spread states.

FIG. 5 shows a further perspective view of the lattice support structure according to the invention in which the pyramids are not tapered, as in FIG. 3 the case is, but form a truncated pyramid, as in FIG. 5 is shown.

FIG. 6 shows a sectional view through the structure according to FIG. 5 ,

Out FIG. 7 is a view of a centrally extending actuating tube 60 and a forming at the corner of the structure grid bar 40, which communicate with each other by pivotally arranged bars 30, 50 in connection. In the FIG. 7 The arrangement shown corresponds to the in FIG. 2 illustrated arrangement in the spread state, with the letters C replaced by A, A by E and B by C, D.

The details of the articulation of the bars 30, 50 will be apparent from the FIGS. 8 and 9 ,

FIG. 8 , upper illustration shows the structure AC according to FIG. 7 and illustrates that the grid bar 30 is pivotally arranged in its two end regions, wherein a projection 110 is arranged in one end region and a groove 120 in the other end region. The arranged at the vertex bar 40 has a projection 210 which engages in the corresponding three-sided limited by walls groove 120 and is bolted therein, so that there is a pivotal connection.

A corresponding connection results at the other end of the grid bar 30, wherein the groove-like structure 320 is arranged in this case on the centrally extending tube 60. In this groove 320, the projection 110 of the grid bar 30 is inserted and also bolted therein, so that there is a pivotal connection.

From FIG. 8 The arrangement shown in the middle illustration shows the grating bar 30 in a pivoted position, as it is traversed during the spreading and collapsing of the structures 10. The horizontal position of the grating bar 30 results from the FIG. 8 , lower illustration.

The reference numeral 400, a braking device is shown, which fixes the grid bar or its projection 110 and possibly also the projection 210 of the grid bar 40 in the respective pivoted position. It may be a drum brake or jaw brake or any other braking device. It is preferably provided that a jaw brake has two jaws which have projections or bulges directed toward the projection, acting simultaneously upon actuation of the brake on the recorded in the associated groove projection.

FIG. 9 shows the structure EC according to FIG. 7 and shows that the grid bar 50 has at its two ends projections 510 which are received in corresponding grooves of the units 600, which are arranged on the one hand on the central tube 60 and on the other hand on the running at the corner of the base pipe 40. The grooves are different than according to FIG. 8 aligned in opposite directions, that is, the groove on the centrally extending tube 60 is open at the top and the groove on the running in the vertex bar 50 down. In both cases, it is ensured that the end position of the pivoting movement is formed by the groove bottom. Such a design of a pivotal connection thus offers the possibility to ensure in a comparatively simple manner an end point of the pivoting movement and thus a locking in the desired position.

FIG. 10 shows an arrangement of a lattice structure, as shown in the DE 20 2004 015 072 is known, the disclosure of which is fully incorporated by reference. Also, this lattice structure has pivotally arranged or executed bars on, as shown in FIG. 10 is indicated. FIG. 11 shows in detail bars of the lattice structure according to FIG. 10 , The execution of the pivotable connection corresponds to the above-explained. The same applies to the arrangement of a brake or fixing device which fixes the grid bars in the desired pivoted position.

FIG. 12 shows different embodiments of the groove and the projection having parts that form the pivotal connection of the bars of a lattice structure. Out FIG. 12 also shows that the groove in cross section may not necessarily be square, but also conical.

FIG. 13 shows a schematic representation of a lattice structure according to FIG. 10 in detail with pivotable bars in different positions.

FIG. 14 shows a system in which an evacuation tower is built on a building G. The evacuation tower consists of segments S of lattice structures, which are placed on top of each other. In this case, the vehicle shown on the left serves for transport and spreading of the lattice support structure segments S and the vehicle shown on the right serves to push the structure consisting of segments S upwards, provided that a new lattice support segment S has been attached again below. The lattice support structure segments are transported by the vehicle shown on the left in the unexpanded state, and then spread during installation. Like this Fig. 14 can be seen, the lattice support work integrated stairs or a staircase and / or means for receiving a lift or have such an elevator.

FIG. 15 shows that the lattice support structure according to the invention or a lattice structure with expandable structures can be used without further for a bridge, the bridge can be formed by individual lattice structure segments S, which placed before or after the spreading by a crane to the desired position can be.

FIG. 16a shows in cross section a building G, in which or on which a lattice structure 700 is arranged with expandable structures. This structure can also serve as evacuation tower. It can be provided that the lattice support 700 is disposed in the unexpanded state in or on the building G, as is apparent from Fig. 16a , Becomes above, and in case of need, for example in case of fire, spreads and then serves as an evacuation tower. The lattice structure is pivoted out of the building, as in Fig. 16a , shown below. In the lattice structure 700, for example, stairs and / or elevators can be arranged.

Fig. 16b shows an embodiment in which the lattice structure 700 adjacent to the outer surface of the building G. Here, too, it may be provided that the lattice support structure 700 does not have any structures that are spread apart when it is not needed is and is only spread in case of need. Fig. 16b , right-hand illustration shows that the lattice support 700 consists of individual segments which can be inserted into one another, wherein projections may be provided on the upper side of a segment and may be arranged in corresponding recesses or bores on the underside of the adjacent segment.

FIG. 17 shows a transport system consisting of lattice structures 810, 820 with expandable structures. Elevators F1, F2 run in the expandable structures. According to the invention, it can be provided that the lattice structures 810 and 820 are composed of individual lattice structure segments. The lattice structures run in different directions, so that the elevators F1, F2 are also movable accordingly in different directions. It is conceivable, for example, that the elevator F1 in one of the lattice structures 810 is movable up and down when reaching a crossing point in another lattice structure 820 to the side.

It is also conceivable that the lifts are accommodated in each other, as in Fig. 17 is indicated. The elevator F2 is horizontally movable in the lattice tower 820 and the elevator F1 is vertically movable in the lattice tower 810. Like this in Fig. 17 is indicated, it can be provided that the elevator F2 in accordance with the door open the elevator F1 can be accommodated in this, which is indicated by dashed lines. In this case, the elevator F2 must of course be decoupled from the drive system from the lattice structure 820 and then coupled in the process again in the lattice structure 820.

By the in Fig. 17 illustrated embodiment, it is possible that people are first transported in the horizontal direction and then without having to change in the vertical direction.

Fig. 17 below is a cross-sectional view of the arrangement according to FIG Fig. 17 , above.

FIG. 18 shows a lattice structure in an expanded structure, which can be used for example as a support structure in tunneling. The lattice structure can be introduced into the tunnel and take over a supporting function there until the tunnel lining is completed or the tunnel is sufficiently supported elsewhere. It is conceivable then to remove the lattice structure from the tunnel. In principle, it can also be thought to leave the lattice structure in the tunnel. FIG. 19 shows the lattice structure in a cross-sectional view (top) and in longitudinal section in the spread (middle view) and collapsed (bottom) state.

FIG. 20a Finally, in a cross-sectional view shows an island I, which may be natural or heaped up. On this island, for example, buildings or facilities such. As an airport. One problem is that the island sags over the years, which is accompanied by a flattening of the profile. To prevent this, it may be provided that the lattice structures 900 are placed around the island in a ring shape in order to prevent the island from changing its shape or sinking. The annular lattice structures may be formed of individual segments that may be provided by ships and connected together on site. In this case, in the lower area annular lattice structure structures with a larger diameter than in the areas arranged above, as is known FIG. 20a evident. A corresponding arrangement can be used for dykes, depending on the dyke shape, the lattice structure can have a straight or curved structure. The lattice structures 900 are preferably spreadable and can be transported in the unexpanded state, then spread apart, connected to each other and then lowered simultaneously.

Like this Fig. 20a As can be seen, the lattice structures 900 are stacked one above the other to follow the outer profile of the island I. It is also conceivable that the lattice structures 900 are not superimposed, but are arranged offset from one another obliquely and preferably also communicate with each other.

Fig. 20a further shows that in the interior of the island appropriate lattice structures 900 'can be arranged, whereby the strength can be further improved.

Fig. 20b shows that a corresponding attachment structure can also be used for protective devices such as dams or dikes or other ramparts. Fig. 20b shows an embodiment with a steep, ie vertical sloping left edge of the protection device, which is adjacent to the sea side. This facing away from land side is fixed with superimposed lattice structures 900, which are offset from each other and occupy a total of the height of the protective device. It is also provided here that an approximately parallel arrangement of lattice structures 900 'is arranged inside the protective device.

Fig. 21 shows in a plan view, the protection device 800, which may be designed, for example, as a wall, dike, dam or other fortification. Like this Fig. 21 It can be seen is located next to an example caused by a natural disaster breakthrough of the protective device 800, a lattice structure 820, which is longer than the breakthrough and thus is supported on the areas of the protection device 800, which adjoin the breakthrough. The lattice structure is a sturdy construction that can serve, for example, as a foundation for sand accumulation or sandbag accumulation so that the breakthrough can be relatively quickly sealed without the risk of flushing away the sand or sandbags.

Fig. 22 shows the arrangement of a lattice support work 820 on the land side of a protective device 800, which is arranged by means of fixing devices 830, which are fixedly arranged at certain intervals on the protective device 800, as shown Fig. 22 , bottom illustration.

In principle, the arrangement can of course also be arranged on the sea side, as is the case Fig. 23 evident. In this case, the lattice support structure 820 additionally serves as a breakwater and thus as protection of the device 800.

Such a system makes it possible, if necessary, for example, before a hurricane hits the coast, to mount the lattice structures 820 at the endangered areas by means of the fixing points 830 in order to protect the coast accordingly. In this case, the lattice structures 820 can be transported in the unexpanded state quickly to the desired location, there spread and then mounted. In principle, it is of course also possible to mount the lattice structures 820 first and then spread open. Due to the detachable connection between the lattice structures 820 and the fixing points 830, the lattice structures 820 can then be removed and stowed again.

Fig. 24 shows a ship 850, which is designed with two expandable lattice structures 860. The lattice structures are pivoted away from the hull of the ship 850 by means of pivotable rods 870, as illustrated for the lattice support 860 shown above. When pivoting or after pivoting the lattice structure 860 is spread.

By contrast, the lattice support structure 860 shown below is located tightly against the hull of the ship 860 in a corresponding recess, so that no increased flow resistance arises.

Of course, instead of pivoting, a linear movability is also conceivable.

The lattice structure 860 can for example serve as a shield for warships against projectiles or as a lifeboat or as a stabilizer, if in the hull of the ship 850 water has penetrated or if high waves require stabilization of the ship 850. In this case, the lattice structures can have air-filled chambers which can be designed in such a way that that the lattice support 860 itself is buoyant or ensures a sufficiently high buoyancy that a sinking of the ship 850 or its capsizing can be prevented at high seas.

Out Fig. 25 It can be seen that the lattice structures 860 may have a distance from each other that corresponds to the wavelength, so that the ship 850 does not fluctuate or only slightly.

Depending on the angle of attack of the rods 870 or the extended state, the distance of the lattice structures 860 from the hull of the ship 850 or from the other lattice structure 860 can be arbitrarily set.

Fig. 26 makes clear that the lattice structure can also be used as a rescue bridge to another ship or for loading or unloading or as approach or exit of a ship.

Claims (15)

Lattice structure with articulated bars, wherein the lattice structure has in the longitudinal direction of the lattice structure extending bars, which are connected by bars with each other,
characterized in that
the bars are designed such that the distance between at least two of the longitudinally extending bars is mutually variable. The lattice structure of claim 1, wherein the lattice structure has repetitive, successive structures that are expandable into a pyramidal or truncated pyramidal structure, the apex of a structure having the base of the adjacent structure communicates or forms part of the base of the adjacent structure. A lattice support structure according to claim 2, wherein at vertices of the bases of the spread structures grid bars attach that connect the structures together and / or wherein the bases of the spread structures are limited by bars consisting of two or more than two articulated grid bars segments and / or wherein grids are provided, which run from the base of the spread structures, preferably from the vertices of the bases of the spread structures to the top of the structures and / or extending from the tips of the structures struts to the vertices of the bases of the spread structures which articulate with the tips and / or which consist of two or more than two articulated interconnected segments and / or wherein the bases of the spread structures or the area which is spanned by the bars which in Lä Lgsrichtung extending grating bars connect three or four square, preferably square, or are polygonal. A lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the grid bars connecting the longitudinally extending bars consist of two or more than two grid bar segments connected in an articulated manner. A lattice structure according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the lattice structure comprises pivotally arranged grid bars, the pivotable connection being such that one of the pivotally connected parts has a projection and the other of the pivotally connected parts has a groove bounded on three sides by walls in which the projection of the other part is pivotally received. The lattice structure according to claim 5, wherein the grid bars have the projection at one end portion and the groove at the other end, or wherein the grid bars have grooves or protrusions at both end portions thereof, and / or a braking device is provided which grids the bars in a predetermined manner Fix the pivoting position, wherein the brake device is preferably designed as a drum or shoe brake, wherein the beacon brake is preferably arranged on one of the pivotally interconnected parts and preferably has two projections which at the same time with the other of the pivotally when the brake is actuated in Connecting parts in contact occurs. Tower comprising a lattice structure according to one of the preceding claims. Tower according to claim 7, wherein the tower serves as an evacuation tower and has stairs and / or an elevator. Bridge or building with a tower according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the tower is arranged with unexpanded structures in or on the building and, if necessary, is increased by the fact that the structures of the lattice structure are spread. Transport system consisting of a lattice structure according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein in the lattice structure, one or more elevators are arranged, and wherein the lattice support structure consists of a plurality of interconnected lattice structure segments which extend in different directions, so that the elevator also in corresponding different directions is movable, wherein in the lattice structure preferably a plurality of elevators are arranged, of which preferably at least one elevator can be received in at least one further elevator. Support structure for a tunnel consisting of a lattice structure according to one of claims 1 to 6. Tunnel with a supporting structure according to claim 11. An attachment system for islands or protective structures, in particular dikes, dams or walls with a lattice structure according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the attachment system consists of rings or straight or curved elements or segments of the lattice structure, it being preferably provided that the lattice structure within the Is located on the island or the protection device and / or to the island or the protection device adjacent or adjacent and / or the lattice structure on the land or on the water-facing side of the protection device or on top of the protection device, the protection device preferably has fixing elements to which the lattice structure is mountable. The fastening system according to claim 13, wherein the lattice support extends in the longitudinal direction of the protection device. Ship with one or more lattice structures according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the at least one lattice structure is movable away from the hull of the ship and towards the hull of the ship, in particular pivotable, wherein it is preferably provided that the at least one lattice structure gas-filled, in particular has air-filled chambers or is in communication with these and / or that the at least one lattice support structure is designed such that it has in the applied state of the hull of the ship not spread structures and structures spread apart in the fuselage structures and / or that the at least one lattice support structure is accessible and / or has a suitable for loading and unloading of the ship cavity.

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