EP2236940A1 - Poêle à combustible solide - Google Patents

Poêle à combustible solide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2236940A1
EP2236940A1 EP10157946A EP10157946A EP2236940A1 EP 2236940 A1 EP2236940 A1 EP 2236940A1 EP 10157946 A EP10157946 A EP 10157946A EP 10157946 A EP10157946 A EP 10157946A EP 2236940 A1 EP2236940 A1 EP 2236940A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
partition
fire box
solid fuel
partitions
fuel stove
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP10157946A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Stephen Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2236940A1 publication Critical patent/EP2236940A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/025—Supply of secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/188—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas  
    • F24B1/1881—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by use of heat exchange means , e.g. using a particular heat exchange medium, e.g. oil, gas   the heat exchange medium being either water or air

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a solid fuel stove.
  • Solid fuel stoves having a fire box where wood and other solid fuels can be burned have been available for many years.
  • the fire box is located within a substantially closed chamber, permitting the stove to be located within a room or other area to be heated, the fire box being connected to a flue through which combustion and exhaust products can pass into a chimney or the like.
  • Control can be effected by a choke flap within the flue, the position of the choke flap, and in particular the proportion of the flue which is blocked thereby, determining the rate at which smoke can pass out of the fire box and into the chimney. If less smoke can pass out of the fire box more is retained within the fire box so that the proportion of oxygen within the fire box is reduced and the rate of burning decreases.
  • Control is also effected by varying the rate at which fresh air can enter the fire box. Specifically, the user can move an adjustable valve to vary the amount of fresh air entering the fire box. This adjustable valve is usually called the primary air control, and the air which has passed through the primary air control will be referred to herein as the primary air. If the user closes the primary air control the rate of burning decreases to match the reduced amount of oxygen within the fire box.
  • the primary air usually passes underneath the fire box and enters the fire box from below, typically though a grate upon which the fuel rests, the grate also typically allowing ash to fall from the fire box into a tray beneath the grate.
  • the primary air is usually drawn from the room or area within which the stove is located, and so will be at the ambient temperature of the room or area. It has been recognised that the primary air does not have much opportunity to heat up further before it engages the fuel, and in order to increase the efficiency of a solid fuel stove manufacturers have sought to provide more heated air to the fire box.
  • Many stoves include one or more transparent viewing windows at the front of the stove so that the burning fuel within the fire box can be seen. It is known for soot and other waste products to become deposited onto the window over time, so reducing the aesthetic appeal of the stove. To reduce the likelihood of such deposits manufacturers have developed systems in which secondary air enters the stove above the window and passes down across the inside of the window. Such systems are often referred to as providing an "air curtain" for the window, and the secondary air flow across the window reduces the likelihood that soot or other solid materials will engage the window and become deposited thereupon.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a solid fuel stove with improved efficiency.
  • the improved stove also provides an air curtain for the window of the stove.
  • a solid fuel stove having a fire box located within a substantially closed chamber, the stove having a primary opening permitting air to enter the fire box, a secondary opening permitting additional air to enter the fire box, and a flue through which smoke may pass out of the fire box, the stove having a bottom wall, a rear wall, a top wall and a front wall, the secondary opening being located in the bottom wall, the stove having a first partition between the fire box and the bottom wall, a second partition between the fire box and the rear wall and a third partition between the fire box and the top wall, the partitions separating the secondary air from the fire box, the secondary air entering the fire box above the fire box.
  • the third partition terminates adjacent to the front wall, so that the secondary air enters the fire box adjacent to the front wall, and ideally immediately above a window in the front wall. It has also been found that the hotter the air within the air curtain the more effectively will the air curtain keep the window free of deposited soot and other solid particles, so that the particularly hot secondary air provided by the present invention is especially useful in this respect.
  • the secondary opening may be provided through the rear wall, but in such cases it is preferable that the secondary opening be located near to the bottom wall so that the secondary air must pass most of the rear wall and most of the top wall (in such embodiments there is no requirement for a first partition). Even in such less advantageous embodiments the secondary air must pass across part or all of at least two of the walls of the stove, rather than a part of a single wall as in GB 2 274 162 .
  • the first and third partitions are preferably similarly substantially parallel to each other, and substantially perpendicular to the second partition.
  • the first, second and third partitions provide a substantially parallel-sided channel for the secondary air with their respective wall.
  • first, second and third partitions are contiguous, perhaps being formed from a single sheet of metal bent into the desired shape.
  • the flue is preferably located at the rear of the stove, and ideally passes through one of the partitions and one or both of the top wall and the rear wall.
  • the stove includes a baffle or deflector plate between the fire box and the flue.
  • at least part of the deflector plate is parallel to at least part of the third partition.
  • the deflector plate terminates close to the front wall, and ideally close to the terminal edge of the third partition.
  • the stove 10 has a fire box 12 located within a substantially closed chamber provided by the front wall 14, rear wall 16, top wall 20, bottom wall 22, and side walls 24.
  • the stove 10 has one or more doors (not shown) in the front wall 14, though which solid fuel may be introduced to the fire box, the door(s) having a window 18 in known fashion.
  • the stove also has a grate at the bottom of the fire box, and an ash tray beneath the grate.
  • the stove 10 has a primary opening (not seen) in the front wall (below the door(s)) permitting primary air to enter the fire box through the grate.
  • Smoke passes from the fire box through a flue 26 and into a chimney which can be connected to the flue outlet in known fashion.
  • the stove also has a secondary opening 30 permitting secondary air to enter the fire box 12, the path of the secondary air being shown by the arrows 32.
  • the secondary air is guided along a channel defined by respective partitions, each of which is substantially planar in this embodiment.
  • a first partition 34 is substantially parallel with the bottom wall 22
  • a second partition 36 is substantially parallel with the rear wall 16
  • a third partition 40 is substantially parallel with the top wall 20.
  • first, second and third partitions could be joined to their neighbours at respective right-angled junctions
  • a fifth partition 44 is connected to the third partition, angled downwardly at approximately 45°. The fifth partition in particular acts to reduce the turbulence in the secondary air flow as it enters the fire box 12 adjacent to the front wall 14 and above the window 18. The reduction in turbulence is intended to increase the effect of the air curtain, and to increase the likelihood that the secondary air will flow across the full length of the window 18 as represented.
  • the gap between the terminal edge 46 of the fifth partition and the back of the window 18 is around 18-20 mm, which is a dimension which has been found to promote a beneficial air curtain across much or all of the window 18.
  • the first partition 34 lies below the ash tray, whereas the primary air passes above the ash tray and through the grate. Accordingly, the primary and secondary air do not mix.
  • the secondary opening 30 is not controllable, i.e. the user can control the rate of air entry into the fire box, and thereby control the rate of burning of the solid fuel, only by controlling the rate of entry of primary air. If desired, however, in other embodiments the secondary opening 30 may also be manually controllable, at least to some extent.
  • the relative number and sizes of the primary and secondary openings can be determined by the manufacturer so as to provide the desired air flow into the fire box 12.
  • the back of the fire box is lined with fire bricks 50 or the like.
  • several holes 52 are provided through the fire bricks, whereby some of the secondary air 54 can enter the fire box without passing fully up the rear wall 16, or along the top wall 20.
  • the size and number of the holes 52 can be determined by the manufacturer in relation to the other design features so as to provide the desired air flow into the fire box.
  • the flue 26 is located in an aperture in the fourth partition 42, the flue being welded or the like to the fourth partition so as to provide an air tight seal therebetween. Whilst it would be possible to provide an enlarged volume for the secondary air between the rear wall 16, top wall 20 and the angled fourth partition 42, in this embodiment the channel for the secondary air is maintained at a substantially constant cross-section by an additional wall 56 which lies substantially parallel to the fourth partition 42. It will be understood that the flue 26 also passes (in an air tight manner) through an aperture in the additional wall 56.
  • the smoke and other combustion products represented by the arrows 60 do not pass directly from the fire box 12 into the flue 26, but are obstructed by a baffle or deflector plate 62.
  • the deflector plate 62 is shaped to match the fifth, third, fourth and part of the second partitions, and terminates adjacent to the top of the fire bricks 50.
  • the deflector plate 62, together with the partitions, therefore provides a defined channel for the smoke and combustion products, increasing the heat exchange from the smoke and combustion products to the secondary air primarily by way of the intervening partitions.
  • terminal end 64 of the deflector 62 lies adjacent to (and in this embodiment at substantially the same height as) the terminal edge 46 of the fifth partition, so that only a relatively small opening is available for the smoke and combustion products to leave the fire box 12. This increases the time for which the smoke and combustion products remain within the fire box and increases the likelihood that combustible particles within the smoke become burned.
  • the actual size of the gap between the terminal ends 64 and 46 can be chosen by the manufacturer to provide the air flow required, but will typically be less than 50 mm, and ideally less than 30 mm.
  • the size of the gap between the terminal ends 64 and 46 is preferably substantially consistent along the full length of the terminal ends.
  • the path which the secondary air must take to enter the fire box 12 is long and circuitous, so that the secondary air has a significant period of time in which to absorb heat from the partitions and walls before it enters the fire box 12.
  • the secondary opening could be in the rear wall 16, and provided the secondary opening was close to the bottom wall the path of the secondary air would be almost as long and circuitous as the embodiment shown.
  • the channel for the secondary air is maintained at a substantially constant width, i.e. the gap between the (substantially planar) partition 34 and the (planar) bottom wall 22 is substantially identical to the gap between the partition 36 and the rear wall 16, and similarly for the partition 42 and wall 56, and partition 40 and top wall 20. That need not be the case, however, and in an alternative embodiment one or more expansion chambers are provided in the channel for the secondary air.
  • One suitable expansion chamber could be provided at the bottom of the rear wall, usefully by angling at least the lowermost of the fire bricks 50 and part of the partition 36 so that the bottom of the firebricks is spaced further from the rear wall 16. This would provide a triangular-shaped chamber between the rear wall 16 and part of the partition 36.
  • the secondary air can circulate within the expansion chamber.
  • the length of time before the secondary air enters the fire box 12 would therefore be increased by the presence of an expansion chamber, resulting in the secondary air being hotter when it enters the fire box 12.
  • the presence of an expansion chamber will affect the pressure of the secondary air and can increase the rate of secondary air flow into the fire box 12. This in turn can make the stove easier to ignite, and can also help in ensuring more complete combustion, particularly of poor fuel such as damp wood.
  • the shape, volume and position of the expansion chamber, and also whether there is one or more expansion chambers, can be determined by the stove manufacturer to achieve the desired secondary air flow.
  • Some solid fuel stoves act as water heaters or boilers.
  • the embodiment shown could readily be modified for such use by replacing some or all of the fire bricks 50 by a heat exchanger or water tank.
  • a water tank for a solid fuel stove will be made from 6 mm folded boiler plate, and a similar tank could be used in the modified embodiment, with the tank being welded or otherwise secured into the back of the fire box.
  • An advantage of such an arrangement would be that the boiler tank would be heated by air flow across the bottom, back, top and front of the tank and not merely across the front as in conventional solid fuel boiler stoves.
  • Another advantage is that none of the heat from the tank would be lost directly to the room as can occur with conventional solid fuel boiler stoves.
  • the channel for secondary air around the fire box provides a suitable location for a heat exchanger or water tank.
  • the purchaser or supplier of a stove according to the present invention might for example take advantage of the channel and occupy part of the channel with a heat exchanger or water tank. It is expected to be easier to fit a water tank into the channel for secondary air than to make and fit a water tank in place of one or more of the fire bricks for example.
  • the water tank could block off some (or if it was intended to avoid the advantages of the present invention, all) of the air channel.
  • the advantages of the present invention can be maintained if the water tank or jacket does not block the channel, and embodiments having an expansion chamber would be particularly suitable in this respect, the heat exchanger or water tank ideally being sized to fit within the expansion chamber so as to minimise the restriction of the flow of secondary air.
  • the partitions are manufactured from steel plate, ideally 5mm thick. Such a material will heat up relatively quickly, but will also maintain its heat for a significant time after the fire in the fire box has been shut down.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP10157946A 2009-04-01 2010-03-26 Poêle à combustible solide Withdrawn EP2236940A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0905599A GB0905599D0 (en) 2009-04-01 2009-04-01 Solid fuel stove

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2236940A1 true EP2236940A1 (fr) 2010-10-06

Family

ID=40672084

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10157946A Withdrawn EP2236940A1 (fr) 2009-04-01 2010-03-26 Poêle à combustible solide

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2236940A1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0905599D0 (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2503462A (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-01 Hunter Stoves Ltd A solid fuel stove having secondary air outlet areas at the front and rear of the firebox
WO2014057172A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Jouko Kettunen Procédé et dispositif d'intensification du brûlage de combustibles solides dans un foyer
EP2775209A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-10 Karl Stefan Riener Four
DE102018120196B3 (de) 2018-08-20 2019-08-14 Frank Ostermann Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brenneinrichtung sowie Brenneinrichtung
WO2020047648A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 Walter Wardrop Échangeur de chaleur à barrière de sécurité

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4304215A (en) * 1978-11-22 1981-12-08 Jarman Charles P Fireplace heating unit
EP0176232A2 (fr) * 1984-08-23 1986-04-02 The Stack Manufacturing Company Limited Poêle
GB2274162A (en) 1993-01-09 1994-07-13 Jonathan Greenall Air-feeding stove baffle
GB2275999A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-14 Jonathan Leslie Greenall A solid fuel heating device
WO1999064789A1 (fr) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-16 Morsø Jernstøberi A/S Fourneau a combustible solide
DE19911998A1 (de) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-28 Cera Design By Britta Von Tasc Ofen, insbesondere Kamin
GB2389414A (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-10 A J Wells & Sons Single control mechanism for synchronously controlling the movement of dampers over a plurality of air inlets in a stove
EP2096356A2 (fr) * 2008-02-27 2009-09-02 Haas + Sohn Ofentechnik GmbH Four
EP2116773A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-11-11 Dovre N.V. Poêle

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4304215A (en) * 1978-11-22 1981-12-08 Jarman Charles P Fireplace heating unit
EP0176232A2 (fr) * 1984-08-23 1986-04-02 The Stack Manufacturing Company Limited Poêle
GB2274162A (en) 1993-01-09 1994-07-13 Jonathan Greenall Air-feeding stove baffle
GB2275999A (en) * 1993-03-05 1994-09-14 Jonathan Leslie Greenall A solid fuel heating device
WO1999064789A1 (fr) * 1998-05-29 1999-12-16 Morsø Jernstøberi A/S Fourneau a combustible solide
DE19911998A1 (de) * 1999-03-17 2000-09-28 Cera Design By Britta Von Tasc Ofen, insbesondere Kamin
GB2389414A (en) * 2002-06-06 2003-12-10 A J Wells & Sons Single control mechanism for synchronously controlling the movement of dampers over a plurality of air inlets in a stove
EP2096356A2 (fr) * 2008-02-27 2009-09-02 Haas + Sohn Ofentechnik GmbH Four
EP2116773A1 (fr) * 2008-04-25 2009-11-11 Dovre N.V. Poêle

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2503462A (en) * 2012-06-27 2014-01-01 Hunter Stoves Ltd A solid fuel stove having secondary air outlet areas at the front and rear of the firebox
EP2679908A3 (fr) * 2012-06-27 2014-08-20 Hunter Stoves Limited Fourneau avec une circulation d'air supplémentaire
GB2503462B (en) * 2012-06-27 2016-10-12 Hunter Stoves Ltd Stove with additional air flow
WO2014057172A1 (fr) * 2012-10-09 2014-04-17 Jouko Kettunen Procédé et dispositif d'intensification du brûlage de combustibles solides dans un foyer
EP2775209A1 (fr) * 2013-03-08 2014-09-10 Karl Stefan Riener Four
DE102018120196B3 (de) 2018-08-20 2019-08-14 Frank Ostermann Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Brenneinrichtung sowie Brenneinrichtung
WO2020038926A1 (fr) 2018-08-20 2020-02-27 Ostermann, Frank Procédé servant à faire fonctionner un dispositif de combustion, et dispositif de combustion
CN112585405A (zh) * 2018-08-20 2021-03-30 弗兰克.奥斯特曼 一种用于运行燃烧装置的方法以及一种燃烧装置
WO2020047648A1 (fr) * 2018-09-06 2020-03-12 Walter Wardrop Échangeur de chaleur à barrière de sécurité
US11713883B2 (en) 2018-09-06 2023-08-01 Nicholas Barber Safely barrier heat exchanger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
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