EP2236654A1 - Elektrisch leitfähiges, elastisches Verbundstoffgarn, entsprechende Vorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren - Google Patents

Elektrisch leitfähiges, elastisches Verbundstoffgarn, entsprechende Vorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2236654A1
EP2236654A1 EP09380068A EP09380068A EP2236654A1 EP 2236654 A1 EP2236654 A1 EP 2236654A1 EP 09380068 A EP09380068 A EP 09380068A EP 09380068 A EP09380068 A EP 09380068A EP 2236654 A1 EP2236654 A1 EP 2236654A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
yarn
cores
wrapping
drafting
electrically conductive
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Granted
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EP09380068A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2236654B1 (de
Inventor
Francisco Javier Santamaria Cos
Rafael Santamaria Cos
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Electronica Santamaria SL
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Electronica Santamaria SL
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Priority to AT09380068T priority Critical patent/ATE544891T1/de
Priority to EP09380068A priority patent/EP2236654B1/de
Publication of EP2236654A1 publication Critical patent/EP2236654A1/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/44—Yarns or threads characterised by the purpose for which they are designed
    • D02G3/441—Yarns or threads with antistatic, conductive or radiation-shielding properties
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/34—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater flexible, e.g. heating nets or webs
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H05B2203/003—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements using serpentine layout
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/033—Heater including particular mechanical reinforcing means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/036—Heaters specially adapted for garment heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn comprising a first non-conductive elastic core, and at least one conductive yarn. Also the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn according to the invention, and a device for implementing the method.
  • the concept of an electrically conductive elastic compound refers to a yarn or industrial wire made up of more than one component, one of which is electrically conductive.
  • This composite yarn allows electricity to be conducted between two points located at a variable distance.
  • the composite yarn according to the invention can be applied in the industrial sector and preferably in the textile sector, so that fabrics can be manufactured from this composite yarn.
  • Document EP 1537264 A1 discloses an electrically conductive composite yarn comprising at least one elastic core, at least one wrapping yarn wrapped around the core and at least one electrically conductive yarn wrapped around the core on top of the wrapping yarn, whereby drafting of the composite yarn is limited by the wrapping yarn.
  • this yarn has a double layer of wrapping yarn on the core, particularly one layer wrapped in an S direction (also called right hand wrapping ) and one layer wrapped in a Z direction (also called left hand wrapping).
  • the resulting covered core is known in the art as DCY (Double covered yarn), and it is intended to prevent the yarn from twisting on itself. Nevertheless, in practise, the composite yarn, with the electrically conductive yarn wrapped on the DCY, tends to twist because it is unbalanced.
  • localised elastic drafting is understood to be an elastic deformation applied to a relatively short, intermediate section of the yarn; in other words, that the traction force is not applied from both ends of the yarn.
  • the shift produced in the loops has a very negative effect on the yarn, because it causes non-desirable localised twists in it and consequently, the useful life of the composite yarn is extremely reduced due to fatigue; in other words, repeated loads that end up reducing the yarn's breaking strength.
  • this yarn after drafting it over 100%, its recovery is not really elastic, because when the yarn recovers it is permanently deformed more than 5%; in other words, its length after drafting is 5% greater than the original length of the new yarn at rest.
  • Document WO2006/128633 A1 on which the preamble of claim 1 is based, discloses an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn comprising a central elastic core, on which at least two electrically conductive yarns twisted together are wrapped in spirals. In practice, neither does this arrangement eliminate the localised shifts in the electrically conductive yarn with respect to the core, and neither does it improve the fatigue resistance of the composite yarn. Moreover, in a preferable embodiment, document WO2006/128633 A1 also discloses another electrically conductive elastic composite yarn with an elastic multi-threaded core in which the elastic yarns are twisted together. A double layer of electrically conductive yarns are wrapped spirally on said twisted multi-threaded core.
  • the core has a first layer of two electrically conductive yarns twisted together wrapped in the S direction, and a second layer of two electrically conductive yarns twisted together wrapped in the Z direction; in other words, in the opposite direction to the layer that is directly in contact with the central core.
  • the twist caused by the elastic multi-threaded core unbalances the yarn, and causes it to twine.
  • localised shifts of the electrically conductive yarn are produced. Neither does the yarn easily withstand localised elastic drafting. Both types of stress end up limiting the yarn's real recovery and reduce its fatigue resistance.
  • the double layer of electrically conductive yarns wrapped in the S and Z direction which is necessary to balance the yarn, makes the composite yarn very rigid. In order to correct the non-desired shifts in the conductive yarn, the document considers the possibility of covering the composite yarn with a double covering of wrapping yarn in the S and Z direction, which is complicated and not very desirable.
  • Document PCT/CH 2008/000041 describes an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn with a maximum elastic limit of 40% for manufacturing RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) antennae.
  • the yarn is made up of two cores with a different function; the first is a stress relaxation yarn, whereas the second one is a loose yarn for tying.
  • An electrically conductive yarn is wrapped loosely and alternatively on these two cores.
  • the production process is carried out using a swivel shuttle loom with the electrically conductive yarn inside the shuttle. This manufacturing system impedes the use of elastic cores and lacks the accuracy required to produce composite yarns with such small dimensions.
  • the yarn has very low elasticity and its fatigue resistance is very low.
  • the aim of the invention is to overcome these drawbacks.
  • This purpose is achieved by means of an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn of the type indicated at the beginning, characterized in that it also comprises at least one second non-conductive elastic core, and in that said conductive yarn is wrapped in spirals alternatively around said first and second cores.
  • non-conductive yarn is understood to mean that the yarn is electrically passive.
  • each spiral is formed individually, manufacturing an alternative rotation which makes two consecutive spirals between both cores adopt a shape like an eight.
  • This arrangement exactly determines the diameters of the spirals corresponding to each of the two cores.
  • this shape can be elastically deformed, but after this deformation it is difficult for the geometry of the spirals to be modified, because the deformation of a spiral is compensated by the previous and subsequent spirals located on the contiguous core, and which are wrapped in the opposite direction.
  • the shape of the spirals of the electrically conductive yarn with the composite yarn at rest is determined and balanced both in the diameter and in the pitch, that is, the distance between the spirals.
  • both the first and the second cores are drafted inside the composite yarn. Therefore, the yarn can be subjected to repeated drafting from its ends and, nevertheless, the shape of the double helix of the electrically conductive yarn remains constant, which further facilitates the yarn's real elastic recovery.
  • the composite yarn can be subjected to a repeated localised drafting without causing the conductive yarn to shift with respect to the elastic cores.
  • the accumulation of conductive yarn in local areas of the elastic core has a very negative effect on the geometry and useful life of an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn due to tension accumulation in these points.
  • the electrically conductive elastic composite yarn balances itself.
  • the double helix of the conductor yarns is forced to shift locally, owing to the localised drag of a reduced number of conductive yarn spirals, this shift is corrected by the composite yarn itself after a few draftes.
  • the actual geometrical distribution of the electrically conductive yarn causes the yarn to rebalance the local tensions caused in the area, where the spirals have moved, and automatically reorganises the original distance between the conductive yarn spirals.
  • the yarn is balanced by means of a single electrically conductive yarn, so that in order to produce a simple, perfectly balanced composite yarn, it is not necessary to wrap additional layers of conductive or wrapping yarn.
  • additional layers of wrapping or conductive yarn are wrapped in opposite directions to counteract the twist caused by the first wrapping of conductive yarn.
  • the yarn according to the invention is flat, so that it can be processed subsequently in a comfortable manner for manufacturing textiles. Therefore, the yarn according to the invention has multiple applications.
  • the yarn is used for making fabrics with elastic properties such as low voltage heatable bandages, wherein high elasticity is required, at least 100%, high electrical conductivity, as well as an easy connection for the various elastic yarns.
  • the electrically conductive yarn will be covered with one layer of insulating material.
  • the composite yarn can be used as an antenna in RFID applications.
  • the composite yarn according to the invention makes it possible to incorporate biometric sensors in highly elastic sport textiles or applications such as pulse monitor.
  • the composite yarn according to the invention is also applicable to industrial environments that require power supply connections between two points at a variable distance, such as for example the case of truck trailers, power cables of mobile mechanisms such as robot, machine tools or the like.
  • the electrically conductive yarns have a diameter smaller than 100 microns because small section metallic yarns are more flexible.
  • various parallel yarns are used to obtain the appropriate electrical resistance according to the application.
  • the composite yarn according to the invention has very high electrically conductivity, which is very beneficial both in the textile and industrial sectors.
  • the elastic cores can be any elastic material, such as for example, an elastic polymer, natural or synthetic rubber.
  • the conductive yarn can be made of any conductive material, such as for example copper or its alloys. Nevertheless, other solutions of conductive materials are applicable such as aluminium, iron, silver, nickel, gold, or the like, as well as the alloys thereof. Alternatively, natural or synthetic fibres can be used, coated with a conductive material.
  • each of said first and second cores comprises a first non-conductive wrapping yarn.
  • an individual layer of wrapping yarn is wrapped on to each core before wrapping the conductive yarn.
  • This layer of wrapping yarn has several advantages. First of all, and particularly in the case of small section composite yarns, it affords the core certain rigidity, which provides better working conditions when the conductive yarn is wrapped. Another important function of this wrapping layer is to accurately determine the elastic limit that is to be given to the composite yarn. Therefore, the elastic core is drafted to the desired drafting percentage and the wrapping yarn which will determine the elastic limit of the ensemble allowing large dimensional and production tolerances, is wrapped in a drafted state. The thus produced composite yarn is highly elastic, allowing drafting over 200%, highly flexible, fatigue resistant and has very high elastic recovery.
  • the wrapping direction of said first wrapping yarn on said first core is opposite the wrapping direction of said first wrapping yarn on said second core.
  • each of said first and second cores comprises a second, non-conductive wrapping yarn, superimposed on said first wrapping yarn and the wrapping direction of said second wrapping yarn is opposite the wrapping direction of said first wrapping yarn.
  • the wrapping yarns can be natural or synthetic fibres, as well as mixtures thereof. For example, any type of natural fibres such as cotton, wool, silk, or synthetic fibres such as, carbon, polyester, rayon, polyamide fibres or others are considered suitable as wrapping yarns for implementing the invention.
  • said first and second cores are multi-threaded. This characteristic affords the composite yarn greater flexibility, which is particularly convenient in textile applications.
  • the electrically conductive yarn of the composite yarn according to the invention is multi-threaded. This improves the flexibility of the whole composite yarn even more. Moreover, and depending on the arrangement of the conductive yarn, further additional advantages are obtained.
  • the surface of said conductive yarn is covered with an insulating sheathing. If the conductive yarn is multi-threaded, but with a single insulating sheathing, high yarn conductivity is obtained and it is guaranteed that even though some of its threads may break, the conductivity of the composite yarn is not affected. Also the insulated conductive yarn can be applied to heatable bandages.
  • the conductive yarn is multi-threaded with each filament being individually insulated, it is possible to transmit a large number of signals through one single composite yarn, which is particularly interesting in the case of biomedical applications.
  • the surface of the conductive yarn is not covered with an insulating sheathing.
  • the more yarns there are making up the wrapping yarns the easier it is for the conductive yarn to remain hidden among them so that the feel of the composite yarn is noticeable improved. Therefore, in the composite yarn preferably said first and second wrapping yarns are multi-threaded.
  • the invention envisages a fabric comprising the electrically conductive elastic composite yarn.
  • the fabric of the composite yarn can also have other electronic applications such as the electronic identification of people or goods.
  • the conductive yarn can be an RFID antenna. This way, by joining the ends of the conductive yarn to the corresponding chip, identification clothing can be developed, such as bracelets, shirts or the like.
  • the invention also relates to a device for manufacturing an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn, characterized in that it comprises at least static support means for conductive yarn, first rotatable drafting means for said first and second cores, upstream of said support means and second drafting means for said first and second cores downstream of said support means, said second drafting means being rotatable at a drafting speed greater than the drafting speed of said first drafting means to advance and draft said first and second cores in a feeding direction, and first and second guiding means arranged between said first and second drafting means capable of guiding respectively said first and second cores around said support means, with said first and second guiding means eccentrically rotatable with respect to said support means in a simultaneous and synchronised fashion and in opposite directions of rotation, so that said conductive yarn is wrapped in spirals alternatively around said first and second cores, downstream of said support means, dragged by said first and second cores in said feeding direction.
  • the conductive yarn support means for example a coil
  • the elastic cores that rotate around the core of the conductive yarn.
  • the elastic core guiding means rotate eccentrically with respect to the conductive yarn coil but perform a simple circular movement.
  • the device comprises a first guiding ring between said first drafting means and said first and second guiding means for guiding said first and second cores.
  • the machine also comprises a second guiding ring between said first and second guiding means and said second drafting means intended for guiding said first and second cores.
  • the invention also proposes a method for manufacturing an electrically conductive elastic comprising the steps of main simultaneous draft of said first and second cores between first rotatable drafting means arranged upstream of support means of conductive yarn and second rotatable drafting means provided downstream of said support means, with said second drafting means rotating at a speed greater than the speed of said first drafting means, to drag and draft said first and second cores in a feeding direction, guiding said first core through first guiding means and said second core through second guiding means, with said first and second guiding means being arranged between said first and second drafting means and arranged eccentrically with respect to said support means, rotatable in a simultaneous and synchronised fashion and in opposite directions of rotation, and wrapping said conductive yarn in spirals alternatively around said first and second cores downstream of said support means being dragged by said first and second cores in said feeding direction.
  • the manufacturing method also comprises a previous drafting step of said first and second cores between third and fourth drafting means, and a covering step wherein each of said first and second cores are led through a first and second consecutive, rotatable hollow spindles, arranged between said third and fourth drafting means and which comprises respectively a coil of first and second, non-conductive wrapping yarns, and in that said first and second hollow spindles rotate in opposite directions, so that upon exiting said second hollow spindle, each of said first and second cores are covered with two layers of wrapping yarn wrapped in opposite directions.
  • said covering step of said first and second cores is carried out simultaneously and in that the first hollow spindle associated with said first core and the first hollow spindle associated with said second core rotate in opposite directions and the second hollow spindle associated with said first core and the second hollow spindle associated with said second core rotate in opposite directions and opposite to the rotation direction of their respective first hollow spindles.
  • the drafting can be defined in two ways. For example if a non-drafted yarn measures 1 meter and when drafted it measures 1,3 meters, the drafting will be 30% or a relative draft that is 1,3 times the original length.
  • the non-elastic yarns of the composite yarn are drafted, the average distance between their spirals increases proportionally with respect to the relative draft, and the elastic yarns reduce their diameter in the inverse ratio of the square root of the relative draft, whereby drafting 1,3 times the diameter would increase from 1 to 0,877. This phenomenon conditions the design of composite yarns.
  • fatigue resistance is measured by the number of respective drafting cycles the yarn is able to withstand before breaking.
  • FIGs 1A to 1C first schematic embodiments of the electrically conductive elastic composite yarn according to the invention are observed, wherein the composite yarn is made up of a first and second elastic cores 1a, 1b.
  • a conductive yarn 3 is wrapped in alternatively in spirals on said first and second core 1a, 1b, so that the wrapping on the first core 1a is in the S direction, whereas on the second core 1b, it is in the Z direction.
  • a single conductive yarn 3 is wrapped on the first and second cores 1a, 1b.
  • two conductive yarns 3 are wrapped. Thanks to this, for example, if conductive yarns 3 are insulated two signals can be transmitted by a single composite yarn.
  • conductive yarn 3 is multi-threaded. If each conductive yarn 3 is coated with an individual insulating sheathing, a plurality of different signals can be transmitted. In the event they do not have an insulating sheathing, good conductivity is guaranteed because if some of the yarns break, the passage of the current is not interrupted.
  • FIGs 2, 3A and 3B the structure of a composite yarn according to the invention is shown in detail, which comprises a double covering of single-threaded wrapping yarn.
  • a generic, elastic core 1a is covered with a first wrapping yarn 2a wrapped in the Z direction.
  • a second wrapping yarn 2b is wrapped in the S direction, to consequently balance the composite yarn.
  • first wrapping yarn 2a is shown in white, whereas the second wrapping yarn 2b is shown in black. Nevertheless, this does not necessarily imply that the first and the second wrapping yarns 2a, 2b are different fibres.
  • wrapping yarn 2a, 2b is wrapped with core 1a drafted to the elastic limit that it is to be conferred to the finished composite yarn.
  • a second core 1b is formed, wherein the layers of wrapping yarn 2a, 2b are arranged in reverse order; in other words, on the second core 1b, the first wrapping yarn 2a is wrapped in the S direction, whereas the second wrapping yarn 2b is wrapped in the Z direction on first wrapping yarn 2a.
  • first core 1a with wrapping yarns 2a, 2b wrapped in the Z and S directions respectively
  • second core 1b with wrapping yarns 2a, 2b, wrapped in the S and Z directions respectively, according to the arrangement shown in Figures 3A and 3B .
  • This assembly is drafted to a value near the elastic limit predetermined by wrapping yarns 2a, 2b.
  • a conductive yarn 3 is wrapped alternatively with a pitch greater than that of wrapping yarns 2a, 2b. Since it is a composite yarn, its elastic drafting limit is understood to be the traction force applied to the yarn after which proportional elongation does not occur. If the yarn continues to be drafted after this point, any deformation caused is irreversible.
  • the elastic limit is determined by the wrapping of wrapping yarns 2a, 2b on elastic cores 1a, 1b, which withstand the largest part of the force, thereby unloading the tension of conductive yarns 3.
  • the finished and relaxed composite yarn, produced in this way therefore has the structure shown in Figures 3A and 3B .
  • conductive yarn 3 is wrapped in the S direction
  • second core 1b the conductive yarn is wrapped in the Z direction and by virtue of this, the composite yarn is perfectly balanced.
  • the first operation consists in covering the first and second elastic cores 1a, 1b with first and second wrapping yarns 2a, 2b.
  • the device in Figure 4 shows the case of covering first core 1a to obtain a DCY yarn.
  • Core 1a is dragged and drafted longitudinally by third and fourth drafting means 11, 12 which, in this case, are two roller systems driven for example by a motor.
  • the third drafting means 11 move core 1a at a tangential speed v1
  • the fourth drafting means 12 move core 1a in a drafted and recovered state at a speed v2.
  • the drafting percentage will depend on the drafting limit that is desirable for the final composite yarn, which can vary from 30% to 400%, and preferably from 100% to 300%.
  • Drafted core 1a passes through the inside of a first and a second hollow spindle 13, 14, with said spindles being supported by a coil that contains first and second non-conductive wrapping yarns 2a, 2b.
  • the coils via the spindles, rotate in opposite directions to form S and Z direction wrappings, or vice versa, as explained before.
  • a first wrapping yarn 2a is wrapped in the S direction and subsequently a second wrapping yarn 2b is wrapped in the Z direction.
  • it is simply a question of inverting the rotation of hollow spindles 13, 14.
  • first and second wrapping yarns 2a, 2b are multi-threaded and by adapting the helix on elastic core 1a they adopt a flat shape so that they virtually cover the whole of core 1a.
  • core 1a Upon exiting fourth drafting means 12, core 1a is not drafted any more and after relaxing it is coiled, and the coils obtained are used in the following operation shown in Figure 5 .
  • the wrapping direction of the first wrapping yarn 1b on the first and second cores 1a, 1b will be in opposite directions. This way, in order to cover second core 1b, the same method described herein will be applied, but hollow spindles 13, 14 are driven in reverse directions to the preceding description regarding Figure 4 , so that on first core 1a the final wrapping of second wrapping yarn 2b will be in the S direction, and on second core 1b it will be in the Z direction.
  • the device described for manufacturing the cores could have been assembled in a machine so that both cores 1a and 1b covered with wrapping yarns 2a, 2b were produced in parallel, and these DCY yarns were fed to the following processing step, upon exiting the respective fourth drafting means 12.
  • first and second cores 1a, 1b are drafted to the maximum with wrapping to obtain maximum rigidity, without reaching the elastic limit of the DCY yarns fed into the device.
  • This operation is carried out by drafting first and second cores 1a, 1b in parallel with wrapping yarns 2a, 2b between first and second drafting means 5, 6, in the form of dragging rollers.
  • DCY yarns are shown in the figure, the device in Figure 5 is also applicable to uncovered elastic cores.
  • first and second guiding means 7, 8 are rotatable axes which by means of a cam movement rotate in a circular direction around central support means 4 of conductive yarn 3, in the form of a static coil 4, in other words one that does not rotate. This is achieved by two pins that support coil 4 alternatively moving away so as to allow the passage of axes 7, 8 and cores 1a and 1b.
  • the device comprises a first guiding ring 9 between first rollers 5 and axes 7, 8 and a second guiding ring 10 between said axes 7, 8 and said second rollers 6 to guide said first and second cores 1a, 1b.
  • conductive yarn 3 is wrapped on central coil 4, with conductive yarn 3 being dragged by first and second cores 1a, 1b during the feeding movement.
  • coil 4 can be a multiple coil.
  • conductive yarn 3 from central coil 4 is passed through a breaking mechanism, not shown in the figure, which allows the developing tension of conductive yarn 3 to be adjusted.
  • first and second cores 1a, 1b drags conductive yarn 3 downwards and due to the tension of the braking mechanism, it is deformed to adapt helical and alternatively on each core 1a, 1b.
  • the finished composite yarn relaxes. This guarantees that conductive yarn 3 remains positioned on the composite yarn without any relative play between cores 1a, 1b and conductive yarn 3, which is important for preventing subsequent movement of spirals with respect to the cores.
  • the size of the wrapping device of conductive yarn 3 is conditioned by the balance between the size of central coil 4 and the production speed. It is desirable to have the maximum quantity of conductive yarn 3 in central coil 4, but by increasing the diameter of coil 4, axes 7, 8 increase the rotation ratio and the centrifugal forces produced limit the rotation speed.
  • the wrapping direction of second wrapping yarn 2b is the same as the wrapping direction of conductive yarn 3 on each core 1a, 1b. So, if second wrapping yarn 2b of core 1a is wrapped in the Z direction, it is advisable that conductive yarn 3 also be wrapped in the Z direction on this core, whereas if second wrapping yarn 2b of core 1b is in the S direction, the conductive yarn is also wrapped in the S direction on this core, as shown in Figures 3A and 3B . Also, preferably the distance between the spirals of first and second wrapping yarns 2a, 2b, will be smaller than the distance between the spirals of conductive yarn 3. The wrapping direction applied will not affect or introduce tension on core 1a and the wrapping directions of wrapping yarns 2a, 2b compensate one another. This way neutral, fully balanced cores 1a, 1b are obtained, which hugely facilitate the following handling operations of this yarn.
  • an embodiment of an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn is shown, intended for a textile application.
  • the composite yarn is made up of two single-threaded, elastic Spandex cores 1a, 1b measuring 0,4 mm in diameter, covered with first and second wrapping yarns 2a, 2b made up of 30 nylon filaments measuring 12 microns, and finally two conductive yarns 3 made of insulation covered copper and with a 65 micron diameter.
  • the composite yarn has an elasticity higher than 200%.
  • the filaments are shown schematically as if they were parallel, although in reality these filaments are twisted together so that when viewed under a microscope they make up a mass of interlaced yarns.
  • a first step the wrapping is placed on elastic Spandex core 1a, 1b according to the method explained in Figure 4 .
  • the coils of wrapping yarn 2a, 2b are loaded and the drafting between drafting rollers 11, 12 is adjusted to obtain a 300% draft.
  • Core 1a, 1b is passed through hollow spindles 13, 14.
  • the device is adjusted so that when drafting rollers 11, 12 advance one meter, first and second hollow spindles 13, 14 rotate 1900 turns in opposite directions.
  • the result will be a first core 1a covered by a first wrapping yarn 2a wrapped in the Z direction at 1900 turns/m and a second wrapping yarn 2b wrapped in the S direction at 1900 turns/m.
  • first and second hollow spindles 13, 14 are inverted, so that the result will be a second core 1b covered by first wrapping yarn 2a twisted in the S direction at 1900 turns/m and a second wrapping layer twisted in the Z direction at 1900 turns/m.
  • two electrically conductive yarns 3 are placed between first and second elastic cores 1a, 1b covered by wrapping yarns 2a, 2b.
  • Initially central coil 4 is prepared by loading it with the two conductive yarns 3.
  • First core 1a passes between rollers 5, first ring 9, axis 7, second ring 10 and finally between rollers 6.
  • the same operation is carried out for second core 1b, but it is passed through axis 8, instead of axis 7.
  • the drafting is adjusted to 300%.
  • the device is adjusted so that drafting rollers 5 advance one meter, guide axes 7, 8 rotate 1900 turns/m in opposite directions.
  • the result is an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn drafted to the limit, which relaxes upon exiting rollers 6.
  • Figure 6A shows the composite yarn in a relaxed state
  • Figure 6B shows the composite yarn drafted 200%.
  • first and second cores 1a, 1b reduce their diameter
  • first and second wrapping yarns 2a, 2b and conductive yarns 3 increase the distance between their spirals.
  • the electrical resistance of the connection will be 10.5 ohms (each conductive yarn has a resistance of 21 ohms)
  • the Strength/strain diagram in Figure 7 shows the characteristics of the composite yarn, as well as of the cores, with and without a wrapping covering.
  • the first curve to the left in the diagram corresponds to the finished composite yarn; in other words 2DCY+Conductive Cu.
  • the composite yarn behaves elastically up to 200% and has a breaking limit at 290% deformation under a force of 10.5 N.
  • the central curve represents the behaviour of the two cores 1a and 1b covered with two layers of wrapping yarn 2a, 2b, 2xDCY as described in the first step of the manufacturing method. While the curve to the right of the diagram represents the traction test of two single-threaded Spandex yarns without wrapping.
  • this same composite yarn has been subjected to repetitive drafting from 0% to 100%, withstanding 450 cycles until definitive breakage owing to fatigue. It is considered that such a high number of cycles allows this type of yarn to be applied in the textile sector without any problems, since drafting on this scale and with so many cycles is not very frequent if it occurs at all, including the case of medical bandages.
  • Figures 8A and 8B show another embodiment of an electrically conductive elastic composite yarn intended for an industrial application.
  • the composite yarn is made up of elastic cores 1a, 1b made from natural rubber and measuring 4 mm in diameter, and two conductive yarns 3 of 0.5 mm 2 , provided with 500 V insulation and a nominal current of 10 A.
  • Each conductive yarn 3 is made up of 129 copper filaments measuring 70 microns in diameter, with the whole assembly of filaments being covered with a single PVC insulation. In this case, the yarn has an elastic limit of 130%.
  • cores 1a, 1b there is not a step for covering cores 1a, 1b, whereby the method proceeds directly to wrapping conductive yarns 3 using the device in Figure 5 .
  • cores 1a, 1b are drafted to 180%.
  • the rotation speed of guide axes 7, 8 will be 85 turns per meter advanced by the pulling feeding rollers.
  • the elastic limit of the composite yarn is determined by the braiding of the covering.
  • Figure 9 schematically shows a fabric produced from a composite yarn with two elastic cores 1a, 1b, covered with a double layer of wrapping yarn and with a conductive yarn 3 wrapped alternatively according to the invention.
  • a fabric produced from a composite yarn with two elastic cores 1a, 1b, covered with a double layer of wrapping yarn and with a conductive yarn 3 wrapped alternatively according to the invention.
  • parallel series of three elastic yarns covered with natural fibres 17, such as for example cotton, and a composite yarn 16 according to the invention are arranged.
  • weft tying yarns 18 are arranged.
  • the fabric is cut to the necessary size and the composite yarns are joined to conductive bridges 19 leaving the free ends 20, 21 prepared for their connection to a battery responsible for supplying electricity to the fabric.
  • the conductive yarn 3 is not insulated, the fabric can be used as a biometric sensor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
EP09380068A 2009-04-02 2009-04-02 Elektrisch leitfähiges, elastisches Verbundstoffgarn, entsprechende Vorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren Not-in-force EP2236654B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT09380068T ATE544891T1 (de) 2009-04-02 2009-04-02 Elektrisch leitfähiges, elastisches verbundstoffgarn, entsprechende vorrichtung und herstellungsverfahren
EP09380068A EP2236654B1 (de) 2009-04-02 2009-04-02 Elektrisch leitfähiges, elastisches Verbundstoffgarn, entsprechende Vorrichtung und Herstellungsverfahren

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Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100105992A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 The Ritsumeikan Trust Pressure-sensitive conductive yarn and biological information-measuring garment
EP2441867A1 (de) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-18 Sefar Ag Dehnungssensor und Verfahren zum Messen einer Dehnung eines Textils
ITPI20100123A1 (it) * 2010-10-30 2012-05-01 Paolo Benelli Filato elasticizzato, tessuto elasticizzato prodotto con detto filato elasticizzato e metodo per la produzione di detto filato
CN105200623A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-30 宜兴乐威牛仔布有限公司 超高弹双芯牛仔面料
WO2021048211A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2021-03-18 Chronolife Electrically conductive yarn and wearable article including such yarn
JP2022506035A (ja) * 2018-10-25 2022-01-17 カンディアーニ エス．ピー．エー． 伸縮性の糸を作製するための方法および同糸から製造された布地
JP2022506136A (ja) * 2018-10-25 2022-01-17 カンディアーニ エス．ピー．エー． 環境に優しい伸縮性生地を作製するための綿ベースの伸縮性糸
CN114729475A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2022-07-08 株式会社岛精机制作所 复合纱及其制造方法
CN114959980A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-30 杭州壮大纱业有限公司 一种氨纶包覆纱的生产工艺
GB2578833B (en) * 2018-10-23 2023-02-15 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine blade
US11632827B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2023-04-18 Philip Morris Products S.A. Method of manufacture for a heater assembly for use with a liquid filled cartridge
LV15840A (lv) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-20 Elektronikas Un Datorzinātņu Institūts Pīts pašspriegojošs elastīgs kabelis valkājamām sistēmām

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019132028B3 (de) 2019-11-26 2021-04-15 Deutsche Institute Für Textil- Und Faserforschung Denkendorf Piezoresistiver Kraftsensor

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GB457028A (en) 1935-02-15 1936-11-16 Everlastic Ltd A new or improved composite yarn
GB1538444A (en) 1976-11-26 1979-01-17 Skinner & Co Ltd E Garments with electrical heating elements
JPS61194235A (ja) * 1985-02-21 1986-08-28 東レ・デュポン株式会社 金属線複合弾性糸の製造方法
DE202006002987U1 (de) 2006-02-24 2006-05-04 Jumbo-Textilwerk Alfred Schnakenberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Elastische leitfähige Schaltextilie

Patent Citations (4)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB457028A (en) 1935-02-15 1936-11-16 Everlastic Ltd A new or improved composite yarn
GB1538444A (en) 1976-11-26 1979-01-17 Skinner & Co Ltd E Garments with electrical heating elements
JPS61194235A (ja) * 1985-02-21 1986-08-28 東レ・デュポン株式会社 金属線複合弾性糸の製造方法
DE202006002987U1 (de) 2006-02-24 2006-05-04 Jumbo-Textilwerk Alfred Schnakenberg Gmbh & Co. Kg Elastische leitfähige Schaltextilie

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100105992A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 The Ritsumeikan Trust Pressure-sensitive conductive yarn and biological information-measuring garment
EP2441867A1 (de) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-18 Sefar Ag Dehnungssensor und Verfahren zum Messen einer Dehnung eines Textils
US10407804B2 (en) 2010-10-30 2019-09-10 Paolo Benelli Elasticised yarn, a method for making said yarn and elasticised fabric made therefrom
CN103228830A (zh) * 2010-10-30 2013-07-31 P·贝纳利 弹力纱、制造所述纱的方法和由其制造的弹力织物
JP2013542340A (ja) * 2010-10-30 2013-11-21 ベネリ パオロ 伸縮性糸およびその製造方法、並びにそれから製造される布
CN103228830B (zh) * 2010-10-30 2016-05-25 P·贝纳利 弹力纱、制造所述纱的方法和由其制造的弹力织物
ITPI20100123A1 (it) * 2010-10-30 2012-05-01 Paolo Benelli Filato elasticizzato, tessuto elasticizzato prodotto con detto filato elasticizzato e metodo per la produzione di detto filato
WO2012056436A3 (en) * 2010-10-30 2012-08-02 Paolo Benelli An elasticised yarn, a method for making said yarn and elasticised fabric made therefrom
US11632827B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2023-04-18 Philip Morris Products S.A. Method of manufacture for a heater assembly for use with a liquid filled cartridge
CN105200623A (zh) * 2015-10-28 2015-12-30 宜兴乐威牛仔布有限公司 超高弹双芯牛仔面料
GB2578833B (en) * 2018-10-23 2023-02-15 Safran Aircraft Engines Turbomachine blade
JP2022506035A (ja) * 2018-10-25 2022-01-17 カンディアーニ エス．ピー．エー． 伸縮性の糸を作製するための方法および同糸から製造された布地
JP2022506136A (ja) * 2018-10-25 2022-01-17 カンディアーニ エス．ピー．エー． 環境に優しい伸縮性生地を作製するための綿ベースの伸縮性糸
WO2021048211A1 (en) * 2019-09-09 2021-03-18 Chronolife Electrically conductive yarn and wearable article including such yarn
CN114729475A (zh) * 2019-11-19 2022-07-08 株式会社岛精机制作所 复合纱及其制造方法
CN114729475B (zh) * 2019-11-19 2023-10-10 株式会社岛精机制作所 复合纱及其制造方法
CN114959980A (zh) * 2022-04-20 2022-08-30 杭州壮大纱业有限公司 一种氨纶包覆纱的生产工艺
LV15840A (lv) * 2022-10-18 2024-04-20 Elektronikas Un Datorzinātņu Institūts Pīts pašspriegojošs elastīgs kabelis valkājamām sistēmām

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EP2236654B1 (de) 2012-02-08

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