EP2233220B1 - Soap box and method for lubricating a metal wire - Google Patents
Soap box and method for lubricating a metal wire Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2233220B1 EP2233220B1 EP09156506A EP09156506A EP2233220B1 EP 2233220 B1 EP2233220 B1 EP 2233220B1 EP 09156506 A EP09156506 A EP 09156506A EP 09156506 A EP09156506 A EP 09156506A EP 2233220 B1 EP2233220 B1 EP 2233220B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- wire
- lubricant
- liquid
- soap box
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
- B21C9/005—Cold application of the lubricant
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
- B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
- B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for lubricating a metal wire in a soap box prior to drawing the wire through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire, wherein said soap box comprises a container with a wire inlet and a wire outlet at two opposite ends of container, a wire feed device arranged to transport the wire through said container, said method comprising supplying lubricant into said container such that it partially fills said container and simultaneously distributing said lubricant in the container and transporting said wire through said container wherein said lubricant is a lubricating liquid and said method further comprises providing a multitude of liquid carrying bodies in said container.
- a method for lubricating a metal wire in a soap box prior to drawing the wire through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire is described in GB-A-795462 .
- the wire typically is a steel wire used to produce a reinforcing bar for reinforced concrete, and needs to undergo a diameter reduction (for instance from 81 ⁇ 2 mm to 8 mm) in order to get its strength.
- the wire to be drawn in the wire drawing device needs to be lubricated in order to facilitate the subsequent passage through the diameter reduction die.
- the wire is lubricated by putting dry soap powder in the soap box container and the container is then vibrated such that the soap powder is put in motion around the wire and thereby adheres to the wire.
- EP-A1-0 013 013 which forms the basis for the preamble of claims 1 and 6, discloses a method for coating and drying of liquid lubricants onto the surface of metallic materials being subjected to cold working, especially of lubricants consisting of an organic solvent and solid or semi-solid lubricating substance, where the material to be worked is carried via openings through a closed coating vessel, which is a part of a closed lubricant circuit, and subsequently through a drying channel, wherein the material to be worked, which is heated by preceding working processes or by means of an external source for the transfer of heat or energy, is directly lead through the coating vessel without internal transport rollers, where excess lubricant overflowing from the openings is collected without any contact with ambient air; and air with a turbulence and/or pressure gradient intentionally generated inside the channel is sucked or blown through the drying channel, and from which, in the case of its enrichment by organic solvent vapours, the solvent is recovered.
- the invention aims at a more efficient, effective, healthy and/or safe method for lubricating a metal wire.
- said method further comprises simultaneously distributing said liquid carrying bodies with said lubricating liquid and transporting said wire through said container.
- said lubricating liquid is an aqueous solution of between 10% and 40%, preferably between 15% and 25% by weight soap, preferably a lime based soap.
- liquid carrying bodies are granules, grains or spheres, having a preferred average diameter between 3 and 12 mm, more preferably between 4 and 9 mm, and preferably made of a ceramic or plastic material.
- the invention also relates to a soap box for lubricating a metal wire prior to drawing the wire through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire
- said soap box comprises a container with a wire inlet and a wire outlet at two opposite ends of container, a wire feed device arranged to transport the wire through said container, lubricant supply means arranged to supply lubricant into said container such that it partially fills said container, and lubricant distributing means arranged to distribute said lubricant in the container while said wire feed device transports said wire through said container, wherein said lubricant supply means are arranged to supply a lubricating liquid into said container.
- said lubricant distributing means are arranged to distribute liquid carrying bodies with said lubricating liquid in said container. During use said container is partially filled with a multitude of said lubricating liquid and preferably said liquid carrying bodies.
- Said lubricant supply means preferably comprise a lubricant vessel, a supply tube between said lubricant vessel and said container, and a pump arranged to pump said liquid lubricant into said container.
- Said lubricant supply means preferably further comprises a feed back tube between said container and said lubricant vessel and a filter arranged to clean said lubricant from impurities.
- Said wire feed device is preferably arranged to transport said wire in a substantially horizontal or in a diagonal direction, and said lubricant distributing means are arranged to distribute said liquid carrying bodies substantially within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes at both sides of said wire. In this manner the effectiveness of the process is improved.
- said lubricant distributing means comprise an Archimedean screw arranged to lift said liquid carrying bodies and drop and/or push and/or throw them on said wire.
- said lubricant distributing means comprise vibrating means arranged to vibrate said container, such that said liquid carrying bodies are put in motion around said wire inside said container.
- Said vibrating means preferably comprise a vibrating motor and springs attached to said container.
- the vibrating means are preferably arranged such that said container is vibrated in vertical direction and the bottom of said container is formed such that said liquid carrying bodies are thrown towards said wire thereby.
- said lubricant distributing means comprise a rotatable bottom part having a conical shape and a vertical rotation axis and a motor arranged to rotate said conical shaped bottom part around said axis, such that the lubricant is forced upward against the conical wall into the container.
- Said container may be a rotatable cylindrical drum having said wire inlet and said wire outlet at both central axial opposite ends, and said lubricant distributing means comprise a motor arranged to rotate said drum around said wire.
- Said drum is preferably provided with axial ribs on its inner cylindrical surface, said ribs being formed such that said liquid carrying bodies are dropped substantially within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes onto said wire while said drum is being rotated.
- a soap box comprises a container 1 for holding a 20% aqueous lime based soap solution 2.
- the container comprises a wire inlet 3 on one side and a wire outlet 4 on the opposite side of the container 1, through which a steel wire 5 is fed by a wire feed device (not shown) towards a subsequent wire drawing device.
- a sloping side wall 6 is mounted inside the container.
- the soap solution 2 is pumped out of the container 1 through a tube 7 into a vessel 8, where it is filtered, and then pumped through a tube 9 back into the container 1 again.
- the container 1 is partially filled with said sopa solution 2 and thousands of spherical ceramic bodies 10 having a diameter of 6 mm.
- the soap box is further provided with an Archimedean screw 11, driven by a motor 12, for transporting the bodies 10 with the soap solution 2 from the bottom of the container 1 to a position above the wire 5, such that they are pushed against, and dropped on top of, said moving wire 5.
- an Archimedean screw 11 driven by a motor 12, for transporting the bodies 10 with the soap solution 2 from the bottom of the container 1 to a position above the wire 5, such that they are pushed against, and dropped on top of, said moving wire 5.
- the soap box comprises a container 1 having a generally U-shaped cross section, as seen in figure 2B , having sloping side walls near the lower side of said U-shape.
- the container 1 is mounted on a base 13 by means of springs 14, such that the container 1 can be moved in a circular motion by excentric motors 15 mounted under the container 1. By said movement and the shape of the bottom of the container, the bodies 10 with the soap solution 2 are thrown towards and on the moving wire 5.
- the soap box comprises a cylindrical container 1, mounted on a base 13 with the axis of the container 1 in vertical direction.
- the cylindrical container 1 has a conical bottom 16.
- a rotating element is mounted (not shown), which element also has a conical wall parallel to the bottom of the container 1 and radially extending upright vanes.
- a motor 17 rotates the conical rotating element.
- the container 1 is a rotatable cylindrical drum having a wire inlet 3 and a wire outlet 4 at both central axial opposite ends, and a motor is arranged to rotate the drum 1 around the wire 5.
- the drum 1 is provided with ribs 18 extending in axial direction on its inner cylindrical surface. The ribs 18 are formed such that the bodies 10 are dropped within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes onto the wire 5 while the drum 1 is being rotated.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
Description
- The invention relates to a method for lubricating a metal wire in a soap box prior to drawing the wire through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire, wherein said soap box comprises a container with a wire inlet and a wire outlet at two opposite ends of container, a wire feed device arranged to transport the wire through said container, said method comprising supplying lubricant into said container such that it partially fills said container and simultaneously distributing said lubricant in the container and transporting said wire through said container wherein said lubricant is a lubricating liquid and said method further comprises providing a multitude of liquid carrying bodies in said container.
- A method for lubricating a metal wire in a soap box prior to drawing the wire through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire is described in
GB-A-795462 - The drawback of this known method is that the dry soap powder is difficult to contain in the soap box and will escape from the device, thereby polluting the environment of the device with fine soap dust. This is detrimental for the health of people and causes failure of the device itself or other devices around it.
-
EP-A1-0 013 013 , which forms the basis for the preamble ofclaims - The invention aims at a more efficient, effective, healthy and/or safe method for lubricating a metal wire.
- To that end said method further comprises simultaneously distributing said liquid carrying bodies with said lubricating liquid and transporting said wire through said container.
- By using a liquid lubricant, the problem of soap powder dust escaping from the device is solved in an efficient manner. By adding the lubricating bodies an efficient transfer of the soap to the wire is achieved.
- Preferably said lubricating liquid is an aqueous solution of between 10% and 40%, preferably between 15% and 25% by weight soap, preferably a lime based soap.
- Preferably said liquid carrying bodies are granules, grains or spheres, having a preferred average diameter between 3 and 12 mm, more preferably between 4 and 9 mm, and preferably made of a ceramic or plastic material.
- The invention also relates to a soap box for lubricating a metal wire prior to drawing the wire through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire, wherein said soap box comprises a container with a wire inlet and a wire outlet at two opposite ends of container, a wire feed device arranged to transport the wire through said container, lubricant supply means arranged to supply lubricant into said container such that it partially fills said container, and lubricant distributing means arranged to distribute said lubricant in the container while said wire feed device transports said wire through said container, wherein said lubricant supply means are arranged to supply a lubricating liquid into said container. According to the invention said lubricant distributing means are arranged to distribute liquid carrying bodies with said lubricating liquid in said container. During use said container is partially filled with a multitude of said lubricating liquid and preferably said liquid carrying bodies.
- Said lubricant supply means preferably comprise a lubricant vessel, a supply tube between said lubricant vessel and said container, and a pump arranged to pump said liquid lubricant into said container. Said lubricant supply means preferably further comprises a feed back tube between said container and said lubricant vessel and a filter arranged to clean said lubricant from impurities.
- Said wire feed device is preferably arranged to transport said wire in a substantially horizontal or in a diagonal direction, and said lubricant distributing means are arranged to distribute said liquid carrying bodies substantially within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes at both sides of said wire. In this manner the effectiveness of the process is improved.
- In a first preferred embodiment said lubricant distributing means comprise an Archimedean screw arranged to lift said liquid carrying bodies and drop and/or push and/or throw them on said wire.
- In a second preferred embodiment said lubricant distributing means comprise vibrating means arranged to vibrate said container, such that said liquid carrying bodies are put in motion around said wire inside said container. Said vibrating means preferably comprise a vibrating motor and springs attached to said container. The vibrating means are preferably arranged such that said container is vibrated in vertical direction and the bottom of said container is formed such that said liquid carrying bodies are thrown towards said wire thereby.
- In a third preferred embodiment said lubricant distributing means comprise a rotatable bottom part having a conical shape and a vertical rotation axis and a motor arranged to rotate said conical shaped bottom part around said axis, such that the lubricant is forced upward against the conical wall into the container.
- Said container may be a rotatable cylindrical drum having said wire inlet and said wire outlet at both central axial opposite ends, and said lubricant distributing means comprise a motor arranged to rotate said drum around said wire. Said drum is preferably provided with axial ribs on its inner cylindrical surface, said ribs being formed such that said liquid carrying bodies are dropped substantially within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes onto said wire while said drum is being rotated.
- The invention will be explained in further detail with reference to the drawings, wherein similar functional elements are referenced by the same numerals, and wherein:
-
Figures 1A and 1B are a respective schematical front view and side view of a first embodiment of a soap box in accordance with the invention; -
Figures 2A and 2B are a respective schematical front view and side view of a second embodiment of a soap box in accordance with the invention; and -
Figures 3A and 3B are a respective schematical front view and top view of a third embodiment of a soap box in accordance with the invention. - According to
figure 1A and 1B a soap box comprises acontainer 1 for holding a 20% aqueous lime basedsoap solution 2. The container comprises awire inlet 3 on one side and awire outlet 4 on the opposite side of thecontainer 1, through which asteel wire 5 is fed by a wire feed device (not shown) towards a subsequent wire drawing device. Inside the container a slopingside wall 6 is mounted. Thesoap solution 2 is pumped out of thecontainer 1 through a tube 7 into a vessel 8, where it is filtered, and then pumped through a tube 9 back into thecontainer 1 again. Thecontainer 1 is partially filled with saidsopa solution 2 and thousands of sphericalceramic bodies 10 having a diameter of 6 mm. The soap box is further provided with an Archimedeanscrew 11, driven by amotor 12, for transporting thebodies 10 with thesoap solution 2 from the bottom of thecontainer 1 to a position above thewire 5, such that they are pushed against, and dropped on top of, said movingwire 5. - According to
figure 2A and 2B the soap box comprises acontainer 1 having a generally U-shaped cross section, as seen infigure 2B , having sloping side walls near the lower side of said U-shape. Thecontainer 1 is mounted on abase 13 by means ofsprings 14, such that thecontainer 1 can be moved in a circular motion byexcentric motors 15 mounted under thecontainer 1. By said movement and the shape of the bottom of the container, thebodies 10 with thesoap solution 2 are thrown towards and on the movingwire 5. - According to
figure 3A and 3B the soap box comprises acylindrical container 1, mounted on abase 13 with the axis of thecontainer 1 in vertical direction. Thecylindrical container 1 has aconical bottom 16. On said bottom 16 a rotating element is mounted (not shown), which element also has a conical wall parallel to the bottom of thecontainer 1 and radially extending upright vanes. Amotor 17 rotates the conical rotating element. By the centrifugal force of the rotation of said vanes thebodies 10 with thesoap solution 2 are thrown to the side and upwards in thecontainer 1 towards and on the movingwire 5. - According to
figure 4A and 4B thecontainer 1 is a rotatable cylindrical drum having awire inlet 3 and awire outlet 4 at both central axial opposite ends, and a motor is arranged to rotate thedrum 1 around thewire 5. Thedrum 1 is provided withribs 18 extending in axial direction on its inner cylindrical surface. Theribs 18 are formed such that thebodies 10 are dropped within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes onto thewire 5 while thedrum 1 is being rotated.
Claims (12)
- A method for lubricating a metal wire in a soap box prior to drawing the wire (5) through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire, wherein said soap box comprises a container (1) with a wire inlet (3) and a wire outlet (4) at two opposite ends of container (1), a wire feed device arranged to transport the wire (5) through said container (1), said method comprising:supplying lubricant (2) into said container (1) such that it partially fills said container (1); andsimultaneously distributing said lubricant (2) in the container (1) and transporting said wire (5) through said container (1); whereinsaid lubricant (2) is a lubricating liquid (2) and said method further comprises providing a multitude of liquid carrying bodies (10) in said container; andcharacterized in that the method comprises the step of:simultaneously distributing said liquid carrying bodies (10) with said lubricating liquid (2) and transporting said wire (5) through said container (1).
- The method according to claim 1, wherein said lubricating liquid (2) is an aqueous solution of between 10% and 40%, preferably between 15% and 25% by weight soap.
- The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said liquid carrying bodies (10) are granules, grains or spheres.
- The method according to claim 1, 2 or 3, wherein said liquid carrying bodies (10) have an average diameter between 3 and 12 mm, preferably between 4 and 9 mm.
- The method according to any of the previous claims 1 - 4, wherein said liquid carrying bodies (10) are made of a ceramic or a plastic material.
- A soap box for lubricating a metal wire (5) prior to drawing the wire (5) through a wire drawing device for reducing the diameter of said wire (5), wherein said soap box comprises a container (1) with a wire inlet (3) and a wire outlet (4) at two opposite ends of container (1), a wire feed device arranged to transport the wire (5) through said container (1),
lubricant supply means arranged to supply lubricant (2) into said container (1) such that it partially fills said container (1); and
lubricant distributing means (11) arranged to distribute said lubricant (2) in the container (1) while said wire feed device transports said wire (5) through said container (1); wherein
said lubricant supply means (11) are arranged to supply a lubricating liquid (2) into said container (1);
characterized in that
said lubricant distributing means (11) are arranged to distribute said lubricating liquid (2) in said container (1) together with liquid carrying bodies (10) in said container (1). - The soap box according to claim 6, wherein said wire feed device is arranged to transport said wire (5) in a substantially horizontal or in a diagonal direction, and said lubricant distributing means (11) are arranged to distribute said liquid carrying bodies (10) substantially within a space formed by two narrowly spaced apart parallel vertical planes at both sides of said wire (5).
- The soap box according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said lubricant distributing means (11) comprise an Archimedean screw (11) arranged to lift said liquid (2) and/or said liquid carrying bodies (10) and drop and/or push and/or throw them on said wire (5).
- The soap box according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said lubricant distributing means comprise vibrating means arranged to vibrate said container (1), such that said liquid (2) and/or said liquid carrying bodies (10) are put in motion around said wire (5) inside said container (1).
- The soap box according to claim 9, wherein said vibrating means comprise a vibrating motor (15) and springs (14) attached to said container (1).
- The soap box according to claim 9 or 10, wherein the vibrating means arranged such that said container (1) is vibrated in vertical direction and the bottom of said container (1) is formed such that said liquid (2) and/or said liquid carrying bodies (10) are thrown towards said wire (5) thereby.
- The soap box according to claim 6 or 7, wherein said lubricant distributing means comprise a rotatable bottom part (16) having a conical shape and a vertical rotation axis and a motor (17) arranged to rotate said conical shaped bottom part (16) around said axis, such that the lubricant (2) is forced upward against the conical wall into the container (1).
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK09156506.9T DK2233220T3 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Soap container and method for lubricating a metal wire |
EP09156506A EP2233220B1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Soap box and method for lubricating a metal wire |
ES09156506T ES2393435T3 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Soap dish and method to lubricate a metallic thread |
PL09156506T PL2233220T3 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Soap box and method for lubricating a metal wire |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09156506A EP2233220B1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Soap box and method for lubricating a metal wire |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2233220A1 EP2233220A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
EP2233220B1 true EP2233220B1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
Family
ID=40871312
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09156506A Not-in-force EP2233220B1 (en) | 2009-03-27 | 2009-03-27 | Soap box and method for lubricating a metal wire |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2233220B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK2233220T3 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2393435T3 (en) |
PL (1) | PL2233220T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110125209B (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2020-10-16 | 惠州市秋叶原铜业发展有限公司 | Production method for manufacturing copper wire |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB795462A (en) | 1954-05-25 | 1958-05-21 | British Iron Steel Research | Improvements in or relating to wire drawing apparatus |
FR2086367A1 (en) * | 1970-04-27 | 1971-12-31 | Parker Ste Continentale | |
DE2214149C3 (en) * | 1972-03-23 | 1975-02-13 | Fa. August Neuhoff, 5830 Schwelm | Applicator for granular or powdered drawing agent |
EP0013013B1 (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1982-11-03 | Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR | Method and device for applying and drying liquid lubricants |
GB2048145B (en) * | 1979-05-08 | 1982-10-20 | Marshall Richards Barcro Ltd | Lubricating wire in a wire drawing machine |
JPS63313611A (en) * | 1987-06-12 | 1988-12-21 | Furukawa Electric Co Ltd:The | Dry wire drawing method |
DE4206860A1 (en) * | 1992-03-05 | 1993-09-09 | Sket Drahtziehmaschinenwerk Gr | Coolant circulation appts. for wire drawing machines - comprises geared motor driven shaft with quick release coupling and two adjustable blade hubs mounted in coolant box |
DE4336220A1 (en) * | 1993-10-23 | 1995-04-27 | August Neuhoff Fa | Method and device for applying a lubricant carrier layer, in particular to a wire material to be deformed in the drawing process |
JP3353018B2 (en) * | 1993-12-21 | 2002-12-03 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | Lubricator for continuous drawing |
JPH08108213A (en) * | 1994-10-07 | 1996-04-30 | Tokyo Seiko Co Ltd | Method for lubricating die of wet type continuous drawing machine and device therefor |
FR2773817A1 (en) * | 1998-01-22 | 1999-07-23 | Cfpi Ind | A new lubricating composition for the pretreatment of steel components before cold forming |
KR100545759B1 (en) * | 2003-11-13 | 2006-01-24 | 엘에스전선 주식회사 | Lubricant Supply Device and Method |
-
2009
- 2009-03-27 PL PL09156506T patent/PL2233220T3/en unknown
- 2009-03-27 ES ES09156506T patent/ES2393435T3/en active Active
- 2009-03-27 DK DK09156506.9T patent/DK2233220T3/en active
- 2009-03-27 EP EP09156506A patent/EP2233220B1/en not_active Not-in-force
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2393435T3 (en) | 2012-12-21 |
DK2233220T3 (en) | 2013-02-11 |
EP2233220A1 (en) | 2010-09-29 |
PL2233220T3 (en) | 2013-03-29 |
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