EP2232062B1 - Windturbine und verfahren zum steuern einer windturbine sowie verwendung davon - Google Patents

Windturbine und verfahren zum steuern einer windturbine sowie verwendung davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2232062B1
EP2232062B1 EP08853575.2A EP08853575A EP2232062B1 EP 2232062 B1 EP2232062 B1 EP 2232062B1 EP 08853575 A EP08853575 A EP 08853575A EP 2232062 B1 EP2232062 B1 EP 2232062B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind turbine
yaw
edgewise
nacelle
rotor
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2232062A2 (de
Inventor
Thomas Steiniche Bjertrup Nielsen
Bo Juul Pedersen
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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Vestas Wind Systems AS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0296—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor to prevent, counteract or reduce noise emissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/334—Vibration measurements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wind turbine, a method for controlling a wind turbine and use hereof.
  • a wind turbine known in the art comprises a tapered wind turbine tower and a wind turbine nacelle positioned on top of the tower.
  • a wind turbine rotor with a number of wind turbine blades is connected to the nacelle through a low speed shaft, which extends out of the nacelle front as illustrated on figure 1 .
  • Oscillations and vibrations of the wind turbine blades are undesirable in that they strain the blade and the wind turbine structure unnecessarily which in worst-case can lead to reduced life of the blades or other parts of the wind turbine.
  • edge-wise oscillations is undesirable, in that the blade has little damping towards this mode of oscillations.
  • Edgewise oscillations are oscillations along the chord between the trailing edge and the leading edge of the blade but because of the complex blade design of modem wind turbines and particularly because the blade twists in its longitudinal extend, edgewise oscillations will typically to some degree be combined with flap-wise oscillations, which is oscillations between the pressure side and the leeward side of the blade i.e. substantially perpendicular to the edgewise direction.
  • Edgewise oscillations are typically seen in both stall and pitch controlled wind turbines when the rotor is rotating and the wind turbine is producing power to a utility grid i.e. the wind turbine is operating.
  • the stall controlled turbine is mostly facing this problem when operating in high winds beyond the stall point and the pitch regulated turbine is mostly facing this problem when operating in high wind where sudden wind gusts can cause the blades to stall momentarily.
  • An object of the invention is therefore to provide for an advantageous technique for damping or eliminating edgewise oscillations in a blade of a wind turbine operating in an idling power producing situation in relation to a utility grid.
  • the invention provides for a wind turbine according to claim 1. Certain conditions can influence for edgewise oscillations to occur in the idling wind turbine rotor blades: the wind has to have a certain critical wind speed, the rotor blades have to have a certain design, the rotor blades have to be placed at a certain pitch angle, the rotor plane has to be in a certain angle relative to the incoming wind direction and other.
  • Wind turbines are by nature provided with the ability to change or alter the yaw angle of the nacelle in order to optimize the angle of the rotor plane in relation to the incoming wind.
  • the ability to alter the yaw angle is therefore already present in the wind turbines and by using this ability to alter at least one of the conditions needed for edgewise oscillations to occur or at least for edgewise oscillations to build up is advantageous, in that simple and cost-efficient means hereby is provided for damping or eliminating the edgewise oscillations in the blades of a wind turbine operating in an idling power producing situation in relation to a utility grid.
  • an idling power producing situation of the wind turbine in relation to a utility grid is to be understood that the wind turbine is in a non-operating mode i.e. it is substantially not producing power to a utility grid and the rotor is put to a complete standstill or it is idling.
  • said detection means are one or more load sensors placed in or at said at least one rotor blade.
  • Load sensors placed in or at the blade, such as in or at the root of the blade are advantageous in that such sensors are relatively simple and inexpensive and if properly implemented they provide reliable information on the load situation of the blade, including if the loads rhythmically shifts back and forth between the trailing edge side and the leading edge side of the blade, hereby indicating edgewise oscillations.
  • modem wind turbines are already provided with load sensors in or at the blades to detect different loads during normal operation of the wind turbine i.e. when the wind turbine is producing power to a utility grid, and it is therefore advantageous and cost-effective to use the sensors that are already present.
  • said detection means are one or more accelerometers placed in or at said at least one rotor blade.
  • Accelerometers are excellent devices for providing information on the oscillation status of the blade and it is therefore advantageous to use accelerometers placed in or at the blade as detection means.
  • said detection means are one or more accelerometers placed in a nacelle of said wind turbine.
  • the rotor rotates slowly when the wind turbine is idling and if one or more blades oscillate edgewise, these oscillations could transmit to the nacelle making the nacelle oscillate slightly around the yaw axis especially when the feathered oscillating blade is pointing sideward or the nacelle could tilt slightly in the vertical direction if the feathered oscillating blade is pointing upwards or downwards.
  • said yaw controlling system comprise means for changing said yaw position of the wind turbine nacelle between 0.5° and 30°, preferably between 2° and 15° and most preferred between 3° and 8° if said detection means detects edgewise oscillations in one or more of said blades.
  • the oscillations might not be dampened or it takes a relative long time for the oscillations to stop. If the yaw position is altered too much the nacelle or other parts of the wind turbine could be strained unnecessarily much or the rotor might start rotating too fast, which could be disadvantageous. A too fast rotation during idling could strain and wear different parts of the wind turbine unnecessarily and it could lead to the rotor going bolting.
  • said yaw controlling system comprise means for returning said nacelle to its original yaw angle position, when said detection means detects that the size of said edgewise oscillations is below a predefined level.
  • said yaw controlling system comprises means for only altering the yaw angle of said nacelle if said detected edgewise oscillations is above a predefined level.
  • said control means further comprise a timer for giving of an alarm signal if the size of said edgewise oscillations has not dropped below a predefined level within a predefined period of time.
  • said yaw controlling system comprises means for altering the yaw angle of said nacelle to an optimal angle where said edgewise oscillations is substantially at a minimum.
  • said edgewise oscillations is substantially stopped or minimized whereby it further is ensured that the strain of the rotor blades and the wind turbine structure is minimized which in turn results in prolonged life-time of the blades or other parts of the wind turbine
  • said yaw controlling system comprises means for interrupting the alternation of the yaw angle of said nacelle if the size of said edgewise oscillations has decreased to a level below a defined threshold level.
  • said yaw controlling system alters the yaw angle in relation to dampen edgewise oscillations on the basis of previous obtained data such as wind velocity values, trend values, former yaw angle control episodes etc.
  • said yaw controlling system comprises memory to store previous obtained data values.
  • said yaw control can operate optimal and base its control strategy on previous obtained data values.
  • said yaw controlling system comprises data processing capabilities to process data values and to calculate e.g. trend values of the yaw control.
  • the invention provides for a method for controlling a wind turbine. according to claim 11.
  • said nacelle is returned to its original yaw angle position, when said edgewise oscillation value has dropped below a further predetermined level.
  • an alarm signal is transmitted if said edgewise oscillation value has not dropped below a predetermined level within a predetermined time.
  • said edgewise oscillation value is established by means of load measurements of said blade.
  • said yaw angle is altered in a direction which reduces the rotational speed of the wind turbine rotor, if the rotational speed of said rotor is above a predefined level.
  • said yaw angle is altered in a direction which increases the rotational speed of the wind turbine rotor, if the rotational speed of said rotor is below a predefined level.
  • the invention furthermore relates to the use of method according to any of claims 14 to 20, wherein said wind turbine is a pitch or active stall controlled wind turbine comprising means for detecting edgewise oscillations.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a modern operating wind turbine 1, comprising a tower 2 and a wind turbine nacelle 3 positioned on top of the tower 2.
  • the wind turbine rotor 4 comprising three wind turbine blades 5, is connected to the nacelle 3 through the low speed shaft which extends out of the nacelle 3 front.
  • wind turbine 1 comprise three blades 5 but in another embodiment the wind turbine 1 could comprise another number of blades 5 such as one, two, four or more.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a wind turbine blade 5, as seen from the front/pressure side 11.
  • the wind turbine blade 5 comprises a leading edge 6, a trailing edge 7, a tip 8 and a root 9.
  • a wind turbine blade 5 known in the art is typically made of a glass fibre and resin composite reinforced by carbon fibre, carbon fibre reinforced wood or a combination hereof.
  • a wind turbine blade 5 typically has an elastic centre which is closer to the leading edge 6 than to the trailing edge 7, at least regarding most parts of the blade 5. If edgewise oscillations occur at a frequency at or close to the blades first natural edgewise frequency, especially the trailing edge 7 is therefore exposed to considerable strain, which under certain conditions could reduce the life of the blade 5.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a cross-section of an idling wind turbine blade 5 in a non-stall situation, as seen from the root of the blade 5.
  • the blade 5 is a blade 5 of an ordinary pitch regulated wind turbine 1 where the blade 5 is feathered i.e. the blade 5 is shown in a parking position where the blade 5 is pitched so that the chord C of the blade 5 is substantially parallel with the incoming wind. Because wind turbine blades 5 known in the art twists throughout their longitudinal extend it will usually only be for some parts of the blade 5 that the chord C is substantially parallel with the incoming wind when put in parking position.
  • the blade is typically pitched so that the leading edge 6 is facing the incoming wind, when the blade 5 is feathered whereas a blade 5 of an active stall regulated wind turbine 1 typically will make the trailing edge 7 face the incoming wind, when the blade 5 is feathered but otherwise it is substantially the same mechanisms affecting the blades 5 of the two wind turbine types when idling.
  • the turbines electronic controller checks the power output of the turbine 1 e.g. several times per second. When the power output becomes too high, the controller sends an order to the blade pitch mechanism 13, which immediately pitches (turns) the rotor blades 5 slightly out of the wind. Likewise, the blades 5 are turned back into the wind whenever the wind drops again.
  • the blades 5 of a pitch regulated wind turbine 1 usually only pitch a fraction of a degree at a time - and the rotor 4 will be turning at the same time.
  • the controller will feather the blades 5 to make the rotor 4 stop rotating or at least make the rotor idle and the wind turbine will substantially stop producing power to the utility grid. This is among other reason done to protect the blades 5 and the rest of the wind turbine 5 from damaging overload at high wind speeds.
  • the idling situation does not necessarily mean that the rotor 4 stop rotating. Actually the rotor 4 will more often than not rotate slowly and it has also happened that the rotor 4 is rotating backwards in relation to the direction of rotation, when the wind turbine 1 is not idling i.e. when it is producing power to a utility grid.
  • Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-section of an idling wind turbine blade 5 in a stall situation, as seen from the root 9 of the blade 5.
  • the blade 5 illustrated in fig. 4 is a feathered blade 5 on an idling active stall regulated wind turbine 1, illustrated during a sudden gust of wind creating an undesired stall situation. In another embodiment it could also be a blade 5 on an idling pitch regulated wind turbine 1.
  • an active stall controlled wind turbine 1 resembles a pitch controlled wind turbine 1, in that they both have pitchable blades, and in order to get a reasonably large torque (turning force) at low wind speeds, the active stall controlled wind turbine 1 will usually be programmed to pitch the blades 5 much like a pitch controlled wind turbine 1 at low wind speeds.
  • the active stall controlled wind turbine 1 reaches its rated power, however, one will notice an important difference from the pitch controlled wind turbines 1: If the generator 17 is about to be overloaded, the active stall controlled wind turbine 1 will pitch its blades 5 in the opposite direction from what a pitch controlled wind turbine 1 does. In other words, it will increase the angle of attack of the rotor blades 5 in order to make the blades 5 go into a deeper stall, thus wasting the excess energy in the wind.
  • Feathered blades 5 on an idling pitch controlled or stall controlled wind turbine 1 do usually not stall, in that the wind will pass the blade 5 substantially undisturbed and the yaw mechanism of the wind turbine 1 will ensure that the rotor plane substantially always is perpendicular to the direction of the incoming wind, making the wind pass the blades 5 substantially as illustrated in fig. 3 and if the feathered blades 5 should stall it is usually of very little or no consequence.
  • aerodynamic phenomenon's like Von Kármán vortex street, periodic flow separation, turbulence or local vortexes can under certain circumstances induce edgewise oscillations in the feathered blade 5, particularly if these phenomenon's happen periodically or rhythmically at or in phase with a frequency at or close to the blades 5 first natural edgewise frequency.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a simplified cross section of a nacelle 3 of a pitch or active stall regulated wind turbine 1, as seen from the side.
  • Nacelles 3 exists in a multitude of variations and configurations but in most cases the drive train in the nacelle 3 comprise one or more of the following components: a gear 15, a coupling (not shown), some sort of breaking system 16 and a generator 17.
  • a nacelle 3 of a modem wind turbine 1 can also include a converter 18 (also called an inverter) and additional peripheral equipment such as further power handling equipment, control cabinets, hydraulic systems, cooling systems and more.
  • the weight of the entire nacelle 3 including the nacelle components 15, 16, 17, 18 is carried by a strengthening structure 19.
  • the components 15, 16, 17, 18 are usually placed on and/or connected to this common load carrying structure 19.
  • the strengthening structure 19 only extends along the bottom of the nacelle 3 e.g. in form of a bed frame to which some or all the components 15, 16, 17, 18 are connected.
  • the strengthening structure 19 could comprise a gear bell transferring the load of the rotor 4 to the tower 2, or the load carrying structure 19 could comprise several interconnected parts such as latticework.
  • the drive train is established in an angle in relation to a horizontal plane.
  • the drive train is for among other reasons angled to enable that the rotor 4 can be angled correspondingly e.g. to ensure that the blades 5 do not hit the tower 2, to compensate for the differences in wind speed at the top and bottom of the rotor 4 and other.
  • detection means 21 are accelerometers 22 placed in each of the blades 5 to detect if the individual blade 5 oscillates edgewise. In that the amplitude of edgewise oscillations of a blade 5 will increase with the distance from the root 9 of the blade 5 the detection means 21 are in this embodiment of the invention accelerometers placed inside the blades 5 at a given distance from the root 9 of the blade 5.
  • the detection means 21 could also be placed at the back of the nacelle 3 in the form of one or more accelerometers 22 attached to the back of the strengthening structure 19.
  • the accelerometer 22 would then be mounted in such a way that edgewise oscillations of the blades 5 leading to horizontal or substantially horizontal oscillations of the nacelle and/or vertical oscillations trying to tilt the nacelle vertically were detected.
  • Edgewise oscillations of the blades 5 can induce oscillations of the nacelle 3 e.g. making the nacelle 3 oscillate slightly around the centre of the tower 2, i.e. in the yawing direction, which is why these oscillations can be detected relatively reliably at the back of the nacelle 3.
  • Typical frequencies of edgewise oscillations are in the interval of 0.9 - 1.8 Hz.
  • the detection means 21 could be other types of sensors than accelerometers 22 - such as microphones, strain-gauges, optical fibres or other, it or they could be placed differently in the blades 5 or the oscillation sensors 21 could be placed outside the blades 5 such as in or at the rotational axis 26 of a rotor 4 e.g. in the hub 14 centre or in the nacelle 3.
  • the detection means 21 could simply be means already present in the wind turbine 1 for detecting loads or other during normal operation of the wind turbine 1 such as the tower oscillation sensors usually placed at the tower top to detect if the tower oscillates, where the edgewise oscillations of the blades 5 could be transmitted through the nacelle 3 to the tower 2 and be detected as slight vibrations of the tower 2. It could also be load sensors placed at the root 9 of the blade 5 to detect the load on the blade 5 during normal operation, in that during idling these sensors would typically.
  • the wind turbine 1 is also provided with registration means 20 for detecting if the wind turbine 1 is operating in an idling power producing situation in relation to the utility grid i.e. if the wind turbine 1 substantially is not producing power to the utility grid, to which the wind turbine 1 would deliver power during normal operation of the wind turbine 1.
  • the registration means 20 is an ammeter measuring if there is any electrical output from the converter 18 or at least if the electrical output is below a certain low and insignificant level, but in another embodiment the registration means 20 could be a voltmeter or other and the registration means 20 could measure or register elsewhere such as on the generator 17, on the power lines in or outside the wind turbine 1, at a central power unit outside the wind turbine 1 or elsewhere.
  • the registration means 20 also includes means which only indirectly detects if the wind turbine 1 is idling, e.g. encoders, tachometers or other detecting if the main shaft or other ordinarily rotating parts are rotating or at what speed they are rotating. If these parts do not rotate or only rotate at very low speed it could indicate that the wind turbine 1 was idling.
  • means which only indirectly detects if the wind turbine 1 is idling e.g. encoders, tachometers or other detecting if the main shaft or other ordinarily rotating parts are rotating or at what speed they are rotating. If these parts do not rotate or only rotate at very low speed it could indicate that the wind turbine 1 was idling.
  • Various embodiments of horizontal axis wind turbines use forced yawing i.e. they use a yaw controlling system including yaw control means 25 and a yaw mechanism 24 which uses e.g. electric motors and gearboxes to keep the rotor yawed against the wind by rotating the nacelle 3 on the top of the tower 2.
  • a yaw controlling system including yaw control means 25 and a yaw mechanism 24 which uses e.g. electric motors and gearboxes to keep the rotor yawed against the wind by rotating the nacelle 3 on the top of the tower 2.
  • the yaw mechanism 24 comprises one or more yaw motors, a yaw bearing and yaw brakes e.g. to brake the yaw mechanism whenever it is unused.
  • the yaw mechanism is activated by yaw control means 25 that controls the yaw angle or yaw position e.g. on the basis of a position feedback signal from a position sensor.
  • the yaw control means 25 is placed in the hub 14 but in other embodiments the yaw control means 25 would be placed in the nacelle 3, in the tower 2, in a neighboring house or elsewhere e.g. at the same location as the mechanism for controlling the yaw in relation to load, power or other during normal operation of the wind turbine 1. In other embodiments said yaw control means 25 can even be integrated in the yaw mechanism.
  • the detection means 21 and the registration means 20 is connected to yaw control means 25. If the wind turbine 1 is idling and if edgewise oscillations of the blades 5 are detected or if edgewise oscillations above a certain level are detected, the yaw control means 25 can initiate that the yaw mechanism 24 is controlled as to alter the yaw angle.
  • control of the yaw angle in relation to dampen edgewise oscillations is an iterative process or adaptive system following this simplified control scheme comprising the steps of:
  • the yaw angle is controlled as to substantially minimize said edgewise oscillations.
  • control scheme can be interrupted as soon the level of edgewise oscillations is detected as to have decreased to a level below a defined threshold level.
  • the yaw angle is controlled in relation to dampen edgewise oscillations on the basis of previous obtained data, said data can be e.g. wind velocity values, trend values, former yaw angle control episodes etc.
  • the yaw control means 25 comprises memory as to store said previous obtained data and/or the yaw control means comprises data processing capabilities to process data and to calculate e.g. said trend values.
  • the yaw control means could comprise means for sending an alarm initiating that dampening procedures was commenced.
  • the edgewise oscillations continues to grow in size - even though the nacelle 3 have been activated to counteract the oscillations via said yaw control - an alarm signal could be transmitted to an external surveillance unit or other.
  • the nacelle 3 is returned to its original or substantially to its original parking position, immediately or after a specific predetermined time but in a preferred embodiment the nacelle 3 is returned, when the detection means 21 detects that the size of the oscillations has dropped below a certain predefined level again.
  • the nacelle 3 could also be maintained in its new yaw angle and then only moved again if further edgewise oscillations where detected, if the rotor is running too fast, too slow or in the wrong direction, if the wind turbine was returned to operation mode or if other conditions necessitate a change of the yaw position.
  • the yaw position is only changed when absolutely necessary, whereby energy is saved and wear is reduced.
  • the yaw control means 25 could also comprise means for increasing the gain of the yaw control means if the size of the oscillations rises above a certain predefined level, if the size of the oscillations has not been dampened below a predefined level within a certain predefined time such as between 1 and 1000 seconds, preferably between 10 and 500 seconds and/or if the size of the oscillations has been above a certain predefined level for at least a certain predefined time.
  • the gain is the part of the control algorithm in the yaw control means which controls the size of the reaction at a given oscillation level e.g. by controlling how much the input signal from the detection means 21 (e.g. the amplitude of the edgewise oscillations) is amplified in the control algorithm in the yaw control means, hereby controlling how much the yaw angle is alternated at a given input signal.
  • the above mentioned predefined level e.g. determining if the blades 5 should be returned to their original pitch angle position, determining if the pitch angle should be changed, determining if an alarm procedure should be started and other could be determined as a percentage-wise exceeding of a known load, e.g. if it was detected that the gravity pull in the blades 5 would result in a given maximum load measured by the load sensors at the root 9 of the blade 5, this predefined level could be that this given maximum load was exceeded by at least 5% and preferably by at least 15% such as 20%, indicating that the blade 5 is influenced by other forces than gravity i.e.
  • the blade 5 could be oscillating edgewise particularly if this load exceedings happens rhythmically and within one or more frequency ranges such as between of 0.1 and 5 Hz, preferably between 0.5 and 3 Hz indicating that the exceedings originates from edgewise oscillations and not just from some brief aerodynamic phenomenon's.
  • the predetermined levels could also be defined as a percentage-wise exceeding of a known acceleration level.
  • the levels could also be defined as a percentage of an acceptable load or acceleration or simply be based on statistical or empiric values or based on practical tests.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Windturbine (1), umfassend:
    einen Rotor (4), der zumindest ein Rotorblatt (5) umfasst,
    ein Nachführregelungssystem, aufweisend Nachführregelungsmittel (25), einen Nachführmechanismus (24), der ein oder mehrere Nachführmotoren und ein Nachführlager umfasst,
    Registriermittel (20) zum Registrieren einer Leerlaufleistungserzeugungssituation der Windturbine (1) in Bezug auf ein Energieversorgungnetz, und
    Erfassungsmittel (21) zum Erfassen von Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung in einem oder mehreren der Blätter (5), wobei die Windturbine dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    das Nachführregelungssystem zum Ändern der Nachführposition der Windturbinengondel (3) ausgebildet ist, wenn das Registriermittel (20) registriert, dass die Windturbine (1) in einer Leerlaufleistungserzeugungssituation arbeitet, und das Erfassungsmittel (21) Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung in einem oder mehreren der Rotorblätter (5) erfasst, wodurch die Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung gedämpft oder eliminiert werden.
  2. Windturbine (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Erfassungsmittel (21) ein oder mehrere Beschleunigungsmesser (22) sind, die in oder an dem zumindest einen Rotorblatt (5) angeordnet sind.
  3. Windturbine (1) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Erfassungsmittel (21) ein oder mehrere Beschleunigungsmesser (22) sind, die in einer Gondel (3) der Windturbine (1) angeordnet sind.
  4. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem Mittel umfasst, zum Ändern der Nachführposition der Windturbinengondel (3) zwischen 0,5° und 30°, vorzugsweise zwischen 2° und 15° und am bevorzugtesten zwischen 3° und 8°, wenn das Erfassungsmittel (21) Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung in einem oder mehreren der Rotorblätter (5) erfasst.
  5. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem Mittel umfasst, zum Zurückführen der Gondel (3) in ihre ursprüngliche Gierwinkelposition, wenn das Erfassungsmittel (21) erfasst, dass die Größe der Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung unter einem vordefinierten Pegel liegt.
  6. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem Mittel umfasst, zum Verändern des Gierwinkels der Gondel (3) nur dann, wenn die Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung über einem vordefinierten Pegel liegen.
  7. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem weiter einen Zeitgeber umfasst, zum Ausgeben eines Alarmsignals, wenn die Größe der Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung innerhalb eines vordefinierten Zeitraumes nicht unter einen vordefinierten Pegel gefallen ist.
  8. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem Mittel umfasst, zum Verändern des Gierwinkels der Gondel (3) zu einem optimalen Winkel, bei dem die Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung sich im Wesentlichen auf einem Minimum befinden.
  9. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem Mittel umfasst, zum Unterbrechen des Veränderns des Gierwinkels der Gondel (3), wenn die Größe der Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung sich auf einen Pegel unter einem definierten Schwellenwertpegel verringert hat.
  10. Windturbine (1) nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Nachführregelungssystem den Gierwinkel in Verbindung mit dem Dämpfen von Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung verändert, auf der Basis von zuvor erhaltenen Daten, wie beispielsweise Windgeschwindigkeitswerten, Trendwerten, früheren Gierwinkelsteuerepisoden, usw.
  11. Verfahren zum Steuern einer Windturbine (1), das Verfahrend umfassend die Schritte:
    - Registrieren, wenn die Windturbine (1) in einer Leerlaufleistungserzeugungssituation in Bezug auf ein Energieversorgungnetz arbeitet,
    - Festlegen eines Wertes von Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung eines Windturbinenblatts (5) der Windturbine (1), und
    - Ändern des Gierwinkels der Gondel (3) der Windturbine (1), wenn die Windturbine (1) in einer Leerlaufleistungserzeugungssituation arbeitet und der Wert von Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung über einem vordefinierten Pegel liegt, wodurch die Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung gedämpft oder eliminiert werden.
  12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, wobei die Gondel (3) in ihre ursprüngliche Gierwinkelposition zurückgeführt wird, wenn der Wert von Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung unter einen weiteren vorbestimmten Pegel gefallen ist.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11 oder 12, wobei ein Alarmsignal übertragen wird, wenn der Wert von Schwingungen in Schwenkrichtung innerhalb einer vordefinierten Zeit nicht unter einen vorbestimmten Pegel gefallen ist.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 13, wobei der Gierwinkel in eine Richtung verändert wird, die die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Windturbinenrotors (4) verringert, wenn die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors (4) über einem vordefinierten Pegel liegt.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 11 bis 14, wobei der Gierwinkel in eine Richtung verändert wird, die die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Windturbinenrotors (4) erhöht, wenn die Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Rotors (4) unter einem vordefinierten Pegel liegt.
EP08853575.2A 2007-11-30 2008-11-27 Windturbine und verfahren zum steuern einer windturbine sowie verwendung davon Active EP2232062B1 (de)

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US8362632B2 (en) 2013-01-29
CN101999039A (zh) 2011-03-30
ES2633293T3 (es) 2017-09-20
WO2009068036A3 (en) 2010-05-14
US20100301604A1 (en) 2010-12-02

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