EP2231947B1 - Vorgefertigtes element zur herstellung einer stahlbetonplatte und so hergestellte platte - Google Patents

Vorgefertigtes element zur herstellung einer stahlbetonplatte und so hergestellte platte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2231947B1
EP2231947B1 EP08761900A EP08761900A EP2231947B1 EP 2231947 B1 EP2231947 B1 EP 2231947B1 EP 08761900 A EP08761900 A EP 08761900A EP 08761900 A EP08761900 A EP 08761900A EP 2231947 B1 EP2231947 B1 EP 2231947B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
concrete
girders
longitudinal
slab
transverse
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EP08761900A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2231947A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Matiere
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Societe Civile de Brevets Matiere
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Societe Civile de Brevets Matiere
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Publication of EP2231947A1 publication Critical patent/EP2231947A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/16—Load-carrying floor structures wholly or partly cast or similarly formed in situ
    • E04B5/32—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements
    • E04B5/36—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor
    • E04B5/38—Floor structures wholly cast in situ with or without form units or reinforcements with form units as part of the floor with slab-shaped form units acting simultaneously as reinforcement; Form slabs with reinforcements extending laterally outside the element
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2/00—Bridges characterised by the cross-section of their bearing spanning structure
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D2101/00—Material constitution of bridges
    • E01D2101/20—Concrete, stone or stone-like material
    • E01D2101/24—Concrete
    • E01D2101/26—Concrete reinforced
    • E01D2101/268—Composite concrete-metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a prefabricated element for the realization of a reinforced concrete slab and also covers a slab thus produced and its manufacturing process.
  • formwork panels are placed on which the reinforcement is placed and then the concrete is poured on the desired thickness.
  • prefabricated beams spaced apart from each other between which are placed shuttering panels for the casting of the slab, the prefabricated beams being provided with connectors to be secured to the slab after the setting of the concrete .
  • the dimensions of such prefabricated beams are limited by the possibilities of lifting and handling.
  • the document FR-A-2,851,779 for example, describes a prefabricated element of this type comprising at least two parallel metal beams each having a core, an upper flange and a lower flange embedded in a concrete slab.
  • the webs of the two metal beams are connected at their lower part by hitching irons which extend laterally projecting from the concrete plate to ensure the transverse connection between the adjacent prefabricated elements.
  • the bending resistance is provided by the metal beams, the concrete serving essentially as coating.
  • the concrete plate connecting the lower flanges of the metal girders is subjected to stresses which risk cracking it, in particular during the transport and laying of the prefabricated element.
  • This disadvantage can be avoided by subjecting the beams during the pouring of the concrete slab, an elastic deformation which, after loosening, makes it possible to prestress the concrete slab.
  • the implementation of such a method is quite complex, in particular for the realization of works having a relatively large scope, of the order of 15 m, for example.
  • the invention provides a solution to such problems thanks to a new type of prefabricated element that is both lightweight and strong, comprising a monolithic reinforcement cage capable of withstanding the bending forces in all directions by cooperating, in addition, perfectly with the concrete slab during the transport and laying of the element and, in use, with the concrete of the slab.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to realize quickly, economically and safely reinforced concrete slabs possibly having spans. relatively large, may exceed 10 meters, with a relatively small thickness, of the order of 500 to 600 mm.
  • the subject of the invention is therefore, in general, a prefabricated element for producing a reinforced concrete slab, of the type comprising at least two longitudinal metal beams each having at least one core, a lower flange and a flange. upper sole plate, a reinforced concrete plate in which the lower flanges of the metal beams are embedded, and transverse connection means between the longitudinal beams, said concrete slab being able to constitute, after the element is laid on spaced apart supports, a formwork for casting a layer of concrete in which the longitudinal beams can be embedded, so as to form the slab.
  • the connecting means between the longitudinal beams consist of two transverse reinforcement plies extending respectively to the lower flanges and to the upper flanges of said beams and fixed rigidly thereto so as to forming with said beams a monolithic reinforcement assembly capable of withstanding the bending forces applied in the longitudinal and transverse directions cooperating with the concrete plate, during transport and laying of the element on its supports.
  • the two reinforcing plies each comprise a plurality of spaced transverse bars, welded on the outer faces of the flanges, respectively upper and lower, longitudinal beams, and a plurality of longitudinal bars welded on said transverse bars.
  • At least the outer faces of the flanges, respectively upper and lower longitudinal beams, are provided with protruding connectors so as to ensure the bonding of the beam with the concrete which enrobe.
  • the vertical core of each metal beam has a perforated structure having concrete passage openings on either side of the beam through the vertical core.
  • the concrete plate in which the lower parts of the beams are embedded has a width compatible with the possibilities of transport by road or rail.
  • the concrete slab may be extended at right angles along at least one of its lateral sides by a portion raised so as to form a cornice having a height at least equal to the thickness of the slab. slab to achieve.
  • the concrete slab can be extended at right angles along at least one of its transverse sides by a raised portion forming a cornice in which is embedded the corresponding end of each longitudinal beam.
  • the invention thus makes it possible to produce a slab or a platform of any width resting on at least two spaced apart supports.
  • each metal beam is extended beyond the corresponding transverse side of the plate, by a connecting portion extending in a console and can be secured to a corresponding part of the plate. a metal beam of a next element.
  • the two reinforcing plies respectively form with the sole plates of the beams, the lower part and the upper part of at least one tubular reinforcement cage extending between two longitudinal beams substantially along their entire length and secured thereto by solder points made at least at the upper flanges and lower flanges.
  • Such prefabricated elements allow for a reinforced concrete slab resting on at least two spaced apart supports.
  • At least one prefabricated element is placed on the supports and the lower concrete plate is surrounded by shuttering elements extending vertically over a height at least equal to the thickness of the slab to be produced, this being obtained by pouring concrete into the mold thus formed and whose plate constitutes the bottom, to a thickness sufficient to completely drown the reinforcement cage.
  • the concrete slab is provided with a recess in which at least one connecting piece is provided at the desired location on the support for sealing the slab with the support. by pouring concrete into said recess.
  • the slab consists of at least two prefabricated elements placed next to each other with at least two adjoining adjacent sides and two outer sides along which the concrete slab is provided with a raised portion constituting a formwork element for pouring concrete into the mold thus formed.
  • the slab consists of at least two elements placed one after the other in the longitudinal direction with joining the adjacent ends of the metal beams.
  • FIG. 1 schematically, in cross-section, a first embodiment of a prefabricated element 1 according to the invention comprising, in the example shown, three beams 2 made of metal section sections I or H whose lower part is sealed in a plate 3 of reinforced concrete.
  • the beams 2a, 2b, 2c are parallel to a longitudinal direction of the element 1, that is to say perpendicular to the plane of the figure 1 and each comprise a vertical core 20 and two flanges 21, 22, the lower flange 21 being embedded in the concrete plate 3.
  • the three beams 2a, 2b, 2c are connected by two reinforcing plies, respectively an upper ply 4 and a lower ply 4 'embedded in the concrete plate 3.
  • the upper sheet 4 consists, in a conventional manner, of a plurality of transverse bars 41 and longitudinal bars 42 spaced from each other and distributed, respectively, along the length and the width of the element.
  • the transverse bars 41 are applied directly to the outer faces 23 of the upper flanges 22 of the three beams 2a, 2b, 2c and, in addition, are fixed thereto, by weld points 43 distributed over the entire width of the sole 22 or by a continuous weld seam. In this way, each transverse bar 41 is secured to the upper flanges 22 of the three beams 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • the longitudinal bars 42 spaced from each other and distributed over the entire width of the element, are placed above the transverse bars 41 and fixed thereto by welding.
  • the lower ply 4 ' consists of transverse bars 41' and longitudinal bars 42 ', the transverse bars 41' being applied and welded to the outer faces 23 'of the lower flanges 21 of the three beams 2a, 2b, 2c, the lower longitudinal bars 42 'being placed below the lower transverse bars 41' and fixed thereon by welding.
  • the lower ply 4 ' is thus embedded with the flanges 21 in the concrete plate 3, the thickness of which must be sufficient for the longitudinal bars 42' fixed on the transverse bars 41 'and the lower flanges 21 to be at a distance minimum coating (b) of the underside of the plate 3.
  • the characteristics of the metal reinforcement cage constituted by the beams (2) and the two reinforcing plies (4, 4 '), as well as the thickness (e) of the plate ( 3), are determined so that, after demolding, all of the element thus produced can be handled, transported and put in place on spaced apart supports and that, in addition, the plate 3 can withstand certain loads or shocks accidents and the weight of the concrete 11 which, as will be seen below, is poured over the plate 3 by including the beams 2 to form a slab D.
  • the number of metal beams 2, their dimensions, their spacing I and the characteristics of the two reinforcing plies will be determined as a function of the loads to be borne by the slab D made by means of the element 1, as well as the possibilities handling and laying thereof, in particular lifting devices that are available at the construction site.
  • the assembly constitutes a monolithic reinforcement cage, relatively rigid and dimensionally stable, able to withstand the stresses, in particular the bending forces applied in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction, cooperating with the concrete plate 3 during transport and installation of element 1 on its supports.
  • each section of the reinforcement cage comprising two sections on which the transverse bars 41, 41 'are welded constitutes an indeformable rectangle and It is therefore unnecessary to provide connecting stirrups between the two reinforcing plies.
  • transverse bars 41, 41 ' respectively welded to the outer faces of the upper flanges 22 and lower flanges 21 oppose the overturning of the sections 2 so that the concrete plate 3, strongly reinforced by the bars 41' 42 'of the lower sheet 4', is not likely to crack during transport of the element after demolding.
  • Such a prefabricated element can, in fact, be made in a mold 10 having a bottom 101 preferably rectangular, two lateral sides 102 and two transverse sides 103.
  • the reinforcement cage is first of all prefabricated by placing one next to the other, on a plane support, the metal beams 2a, 2b, 2c on which the transverse bars 41 are then placed. which are welded to the outer faces 23 'of the flanges 21, over the entire width thereof. Then the longitudinal bars 42 'are laid and welded on the cross bars 41'. . Connectors 24 'are also fixed on the soles 21.
  • the assembly thus produced can then be turned over so as to allow the laying and welding of the transverse bars 41 on the flanges 22 equipped with connectors 24, then with longitudinal bars 42.
  • a metal reinforcement cage has thus been formed comprising three beams 2a, 2b, 2c whose soles are secured by the two reinforcing plies 4, 4 '.
  • a minimum coating distance (b) relative to the bottom of the mold is maintained by unrepresented spacers.
  • the mold is then filled with concrete 11 to a height (e) for example of the order of 10 to 20 cm, so as to completely embed the armature ply 4 ', the connectors 24' and the lower parts of the beams 2, giving the desired resistance to the plate 3.
  • the prefabricated element 1 thus produced can be removed and transported to the construction site.
  • the total width L of the element, between the lateral sides 30 of the plate 3 will be determined so as to respect the road traffic gauge.
  • an element may be prefabricated in the factory at a distance from the construction site and then transported to it by rail or road, the element being placed lengthwise on a trailer.
  • This width L may therefore be of the order of 2.5 m, the element 1 preferably comprising three beams 2 spaced apart by about 0.8 m.
  • the length of the element can be much more important. For example, a length of 10 to 15 m still allows transport on a conventional road trailer.
  • a prefabricated element thus produced can be particularly strong while remaining relatively flexible, given its length, while maintaining, however, a weight compatible with the lifting possibilities normally available on a site of some importance, by example for the realization of a bridge or a passage under.
  • Such an element can therefore be handled and placed on supports spaced in the longitudinal direction, the elements being placed side by side in a number to cover the desired surface.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a standard element comprising several metal beams 2 rigidly connected by the two plies of reinforcements 4, 4 ', the assembly being sealed, at the base in a plate 3 which is extended laterally, beyond the beams 2a , 2c, of a free length (I / 2) preferably equal to half the gap between the beams 2.
  • the transverse bars 41 of two adjacent elements 1, 1 ' can be extended beyond the junction plane P and associated with longitudinal bars 43 to ensure the junction of the two upper layers of reinforcements at the plane P.
  • short transverse bars 44 associated with longitudinal bars 43 ' can be placed on the upper faces of the plates 3, 3' between the webs 20c, 20'a of the two beams. longitudinal adjacent 2c, 2'a.
  • the total height (h) of the D-slab may be less than that of a concrete slab.
  • classical weapon comprising two reinforcing plies connected by stirrups.
  • a raised portion 36 which preferably extends over the height (h) to give the slab and is a kind of cornice.
  • a raised portion 36 which preferably extends over the height (h) to give the slab and is a kind of cornice.
  • one of the lateral sides of each of the elements 1, 1 ' is provided with a cornice 36, 36', the other two sides of the plates 3, 3 'joining together along the longitudinal joint plane P, in which is interposed a seal 35.
  • the elements can thus be prefabricated in the factory then transported to the construction site.
  • such a technique makes it possible, for example, for a building or a parking lot, a floor 5 resting on walls or rows of spaced pillars 50.
  • the transverse ends 51 of the slabs can be formed, either by a removable formwork or by a portion raised cornice.
  • the adjacent lateral sides 30, 30 'of the plates 3, 3' of two adjacent elements may be provided with thinned or recessed conjugate parts and protruding, which fit into each other at the laying of the elements, with the interposition of a seal 35.
  • the use, as main reinforcements, of metal beams 2 cooperating with the reinforcing plies 4, 4 ', the concrete plate 3 and the concrete 11 of the slab D makes it possible to produce prefabricated elements of large length can rest, at their ends, on supports apart from a distance of more than 15 m.
  • transverse slabs resting, by the central part of the concrete plate, on two spaced apart supports for example to achieve the platform of a composite structure bridge comprising two main metal beams 53 on which rests the reinforced concrete platform, according to the arrangement shown schematically on the figure 5 .
  • the platform 5 of the bridge which rests on two longitudinal beams 53 apart, consists of a plurality of prefabricated elements 1, 1 'each comprising several metal beams 2 whose base is sealed in a concrete plate 3.
  • the two main beams 53 on which the platform 5 of the bridge lies are separated by a distance L2 less than the length L1 of the element which thus comprises a central portion 3a extending between the two beams 53 and two parts 3b extending cantilevered.
  • each element 1 is provided, at its two longitudinal ends, with raised portions 56 which, as previously, extend at right angles to the transverse sides 38 of the plate 3 and extend to above the level of the upper flanges. beams 2 so as to form transverse cornices 56 in which are included the ends 23 of the beams 2.
  • housings 57 can be reserved in these transverse cornices 56 to facilitate the assembly of unrepresented railings.
  • the elements 1 placed at the ends of the platform 5 are provided, as in the case of the figure 2 of a raised portion 36 parallel to the beams 2 and forming a lateral formwork.
  • These raised lateral 36 and transverse 56 forms a self-formwork allowing the casting of concrete 11 to embed the beams 2 and thus constitute the platform of the bridge.
  • the concrete plate 3 is provided, at the level of the main beams 53 on which the platform 5 rests, recesses 37 which pass through the plate 3 over its entire height and are placed between two parallel longitudinal beams 2.
  • the corresponding zones of the main beams 53 are then provided with connectors 54 welded to the upper flange 55 of the beam 53 and which engage in the recesses 37 at the laying of the prefabricated element 1 which can thus be sealed to the main beams 53 by casting concrete in the recesses 37.
  • the platform 5 thus produced could be based, if necessary, on more than two main beams 53.
  • Figures 6 and 7 show the realization of a lower passage by means of prefabricated elements according to the invention.
  • a lower passage comprises, for example, a platform 6 resting on two spaced apart abutments 61 which may advantageously consist of juxtaposed prefabricated elements, each comprising a vertical wall forming a cross-piece 61 and provided at its base with an enlarged sole 62 enabling this pedestrian element is simply placed on the bottom of a trench T.
  • each pedestal element 61 is provided at its upper part with an enlarged part 63 on which the platform 6 which can be constituted, as shown in figure 7 of a plurality of prefabricated elements as shown in the figure 1 and therefore each comprising a concrete plate 3 in which are sealed the lower flanges of two or three metal beams 2.
  • the distance between L3 support can be of the order of 15 m, the metal beams 2 being dimensioned accordingly to present the inertia necessary for the recovery of the own weight of elements and applied loads.
  • the assembly may be covered with an embankment R for the passage of a transverse lane.
  • the number of elements 1 constituting the platform 6 is determined as a function of the width of the passage to be made, the plates 3 of the elements being provided, on their lateral sides 30, with conjugate parts engaging one inside the other of way to avoid the risks of strumming.
  • the elements 1 placed on the sides of the platform 6 thus produced are provided with raised portions 36 forming self-formwork for the realization of the slab D by pouring concrete 11 to above the level of the upper flanges 22 of the beams 2 which are thus completely embedded in the concrete 11.
  • the elements 1 forming such a platform 6 can simply be placed, at their ends, on the two abutments 61, by means of conventional supports, for example neoprene or roller supports for dilations.
  • the figure 8 is a detail view showing, by way of example, such a fitting.
  • the platform 6 consists of a number of elements 1 placed side by side and each comprising a concrete plate 3 in which are sealed the lower flanges 21 of several metal beams 2.
  • each metal beam 2 is extended beyond the transverse edge 38 of the plate 3, by a portion 23 extending over a free length d and coming to rest, via a metal grain 24, on a plate 25 to prevent leakage of concrete during pouring of the slab, a seal 26 is placed along the transverse edge 38 of the plate 3 which is substantially at the level of the inner edge of the upper portion 63 of the pommel 61.
  • connection between the beams 2 and this recess 60 can be further improved by welding along the ends of the beams 2, several series of metal studs 27 forming connectors.
  • the platform 6 and recessed at its ends in the piers 61 can have a very large L3 range, up to 15 m, for a relatively small height h, of the order of 500 to 600 mm, for example.
  • the prefabricated elements according to the invention can be light enough to be handled by medium power lifting equipment and the use, as longitudinal reinforcements, of metal profiles cooperating with the concrete slab D makes it possible to reduce thickness of it.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable, for example, for the coverage of an urban motorway, often made in trench, because it allows to put in a few hours, in the middle of the night, a number of prefabricated elements. placed side by side, the concrete plates 3, armed by the lower plies 4 'welded to the flanges 21 of the beams 2, being strong enough to safely achieve the casting of the concrete 11 forming the slab, even after the recovery of the circulation.
  • the invention is also particularly advantageous for the realization of mixed bridges with several spans.
  • prefabricated elements according to the invention makes it possible, by joining together the ends of the beams 2 of two consecutive elements, to provide a platform of great length resting on one or more intermediate supports.
  • the figure 9 shows, by way of example, a bridge comprising such a platform 6 of great length resting on an intermediate stack 7 and, at its ends, on abutments 61.
  • the platform 6 shown, in partial section, on the figure 10 consists of a number of prefabricated elements 1 comprising, according to the invention, metal beams 2 having a lower sole 21 sealed in a concrete plate 3 with a lower reinforcing ply 4 '.
  • the lateral elements 1a comprise a raised portion 36 which forms a self-formwork for the pouring of the concrete 11 embedding all the reinforcements to form the slab D.
  • this slab D is covered with a tread 15 and may comprise, on each side, a sidewalk 16 and a railing 17.
  • the prefabricated elements 1 constituting the platform 6 can have a large span, for example from 10 to 15 m, and bear at one end on the abutment 61 and at the other end on the intermediate stack 7 ( Figure 11 ).
  • the end of the platform 6 resting on the abutment 61 forms a recess 60 made in the manner described above with reference to the figure 8 such a recess to limit the height of the beams 2 necessary to withstand the applied loads.
  • the Figures 11 to 13 show the realization of the intermediate support on the stack 7, before casting the concrete constituting the slab.
  • the figure 11 shows, in elevation, the junction between two consecutive elements 1, 1 'extending on either side of a transverse joint plane Q, at the level of the intermediate support 7, the figure 13 being a cross section in the joint plane Q.
  • Each prefabricated element 1, 1 ' comprises, as in the case of the figure 1 , three metal beams 2 having a bottom flange 21 and a reinforcing ply 4 'sealed in the concrete plate 3 constituting the base of the element.
  • the beams 2 are extended by a portion 23 beyond the transverse edge 38 of the plate 3 which is stopped at a distance (d) from the joint plane Q while the beams 2 extend substantially until joint plane, the ends 23, 23 'cantilever parts of the beams being separated only by a small gap (i).
  • the corresponding beams 2, 2 'of two consecutive elements 1, 1' which are placed in the extension of one another, are joined together by a splice 8 comprising vertical plates 81 bolted on the webs 20, 20 'of the two beams 2, 2' and sets of horizontal plates 82, 83 bolted on the two faces, respectively inner and outer of the flanges, respectively bottom 21, and upper 22 of the two beams 2, 2 '.
  • a lower formwork panel 75 is put in place to form the bottom of the space left free between the ends 38, 38 'of the concrete plates 3, 3 'of the two elements 1, 1'.
  • each space between two consecutive elements 1, 1 ' can be closed by a panel 75 in two parts provided with notches for the passage of the bearing grains 73 of the three pairs of beams 2, 2', the entire panel being sealingly attached to the transverse edges 38, 38 'of the two plates 3, 3' and the grains 73 so as to form a formwork allowing the casting of self-placing concrete on the plates 3, 3 'consecutive elements to form the platform 6 by embedding all the metal beams joined together and the two upper layers 4 which can be connected by longitudinal connecting bars 45.
  • the metal beams 2 could have another profile, for example with a perforated core or lattice.
  • the width (L) of the elements 1 may vary, as well as the number of beams 2 per element and their spacing, the constitution of the secondary reinforcement 4 and the distribution of the longitudinal and transverse irons 13 and 12 being adapted accordingly. .
  • the prefabricated elements 1 will normally have a rectangular shape, with two lateral sides 30 parallel to the beams 2 but other forms can be envisaged. For example, some elements could have convergent lateral sides in order to make a bridge platform at an angle or in a curve.
  • the figure 15 shows by way of example, in cross section, another embodiment of such a prefabricated element comprising three longitudinal sections 2a, 2b, 2c with an I-section, whose lower flanges 21 are embedded in a concrete plate 3.
  • this concrete slab can be reinforced by a welded mesh 31 passing below the flanges 21 of the beams 2 and whose ends 31 'can be folded to arm the lateral sides 30 of the plate 3 but this lattice 31 would be insufficient to avoid, during demolding and handling of the element , the risk of cracking of the concrete plate 3 by the soles 21 embedded in it, in case of overturning, even small, metal beams 2.
  • this risk is avoided by rigidly connecting the lower flanges 21 and upper 22 of the beams by two reinforcing plies so as to produce a relatively undeformable monolithic reinforcement cage.
  • this securing of the metal beams is obtained by means of tubular cages 40a, 40b constituted by longitudinal bars 42 connected by rings 46 whose lower part and the upper part are placed respectively at the level of the lower flanges 21 and the lower flanges 22 and welded on these by welding points 47, 47 ', the rings 46 being also welded to the webs 20 of the beams 2 by welding points 48.
  • Each hoop 46 of a tubular cage 40 is thus connected to each of the profiles 2 which surround it, by three separated welding points 47, 48, 47 'and thus constitutes a non-deformable rectangular assembly opposing the overturning of the sections 2a, 2b.
  • each beam 2 is provided with connectors 24 consisting, for example, studs welded to the sole and projecting so as to ensure perfect bonding with the plate 3 and the concrete 11 poured on it after the installation of the element, the monolithic reinforcement cage thus produced cooperating with the concrete to withstand the forces applied.
  • connectors 24 consisting, for example, studs welded to the sole and projecting so as to ensure perfect bonding with the plate 3 and the concrete 11 poured on it after the installation of the element, the monolithic reinforcement cage thus produced cooperating with the concrete to withstand the forces applied.
  • a slab D of any width can be made by placing side by side a number of prefabricated element 1 having a width of 2 m to 2.5m.
  • the figure 16 shows a slab having a width of about 5m, consisting of two elements 1, 1 'placed side by side on either side of a junction plane P.
  • the concrete plates 3, 3' are provided, on the opposite side of the plane P, cornices 36 allowing casting of the concrete 11 to form the slab D, a seal 35 being placed between their adjacent sides.
  • An intermediate tubular cage 40c is placed between the end beams 2c, 2'c of the two adjacent elements 1, 1 '.
  • This intermediate cage 40c consists, like the cages 40, of a number of longitudinal bars 42 connected by rings 46 but its thickness is reduced so as to rest on the upper face 32 'of the two adjoining plates 3, 3' , ensuring the joining of the two parts of the slab D.
  • transverse threads (12) are put in place, before pouring concrete (11) so as to extend over the entire width of the platform while passing through the webs 20 of the beams 2 by orifices previously drilled in the factory for this purpose.
  • these cornices may be reinforced by a suitable reinforcement not shown, so as to form side beams 36, 36 ', with possibly , waiting frames that connect with the transverse ropes 12.
  • the beams 2 which constitute, in the longitudinal direction, the main reinforcement of the slab D may be supplemented by longitudinal threads 13 added to the reinforcement cages 4.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Vorgefertigtes Element zur Herstellung einer Stahlbetonplatte, umfassend mindestens zwei metallische Längsträger (2), die jeweils mindestens einen Kern (20), eine untere Sohle (21) und eine obere Sohle (22) aufweisen, einen Stahlbetonsockel (3), in den die unteren Sohlen (21) der metallischen Träger (2) eingelassen sind, und Mittel zur Querverbindung zwischen den Längsträgern (2), wobei der Betonsockel (3) nach der Auflage des Elements (1) auf mindestens zwei beabstandete Stützen (61, 7), eine Schalung für das Gießen einer Betonschicht (11) darstellen kann, in die die Längsträger (2) eingelassen sein können, um die Platte (D) zu bilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbindungsmittel zwischen den Längsträgern von zwei quer verlaufenden Bewehrungsschichten (4, 4') gebildet sind, die sich zwischen den unteren Sohlen (21) bzw. den oberen Sohlen (22) der Träger (2) erstrecken und starr auf diesen befestigt sind, um mit den Trägern (2) eine monolithische Bewehrungseinheit zu bilden, die den in Längs- und in Querrichtung angelegten Biegekräfte standhalten kann, wobei sie mit dem Betonsockel (3) beim Transport und bei der Auflage des Elements (1) auf seine Stützen (61, 7) zusammenwirkt.
  2. Vorgefertigtes Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Bewehrungsschichten (4, 4') jeweils eine Vielzahl von beabstandeten Querbalken (41, 41'), die auf die Außenseiten (23, 23') der Sohlen, der oberen (22) bzw. der unteren (21) Sohle der Längsträger (2), geschweißt sind, und eine Vielzahl von Längsbalken (42, 42') umfassen, die auf die Querbalken (41, 41') geschweißt sind.
  3. Vorgefertigtes Element nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Bewehrungsschichten mit den Sohlen (21, 22) der Träger (2) den unteren Teil (4') bzw. den oberen Teil (4) mindestens eines röhrenförmigen Bewehrungskorbs (40) bilden, der sich zwischen zwei Längsträger (2) im Wesentlichen über ihre gesamte Länge erstreckt und mit diesen durch Schwerpunkte (47, 47', 48) verbunden ist, die im Bereich der oberen (22) bzw. unteren Sohlen (21) und auf dem Kern (20) des Trägers (2) vorgesehen sind.
  4. Vorgefertigtes Element ach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die äußeren Seiten (23, 23') der Sohlen, der oberen (22) bzw. der unteren (21) Sohle der Längsträger (2), mit Verbindungsmitteln (24, 24') versehen sind, die sich vorspringend erstrecken, um die Verbindung des Trägers mit dem Beton, der ihn umgibt, zu gewährleisten.
  5. Vorgefertigtes Element nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der vertikale Kern (20) jedes metallischen Trägers (2) eine Lochstruktur aufweist, umfassend Öffnungen für den Durchgang des Betons beiderseits des Trägers (2) durch den vertikalen Kern (20).
  6. Vorgefertigtes Element nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betonsockel (3), in den der untere Teil (21) jedes Trägers (2) eingelassen ist, eine Breite (L) aufweist, die mit den Transportrmöglichkeiten, auf der Straße oder auf der Schiene vereinbar ist.
  7. Vorgefertigtes Element nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Betonsockel (3) winkelig entlang mindestens einer seiner Seitenflächen (30) durch einen erhabenen Teil (36) verlängert ist, um ein Gesims zu bilden, das eine Höhe (h) mindestens gleich der Dicke der herzustellenden Wand (D) aufweist.
  8. Vorgefertigtes Element nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, das der Betonsockel (3) winkelig entlang mindestens einer seiner Querseiten (38) durch einen erhabenen Teil (56) verlängert ist, der ein Gesims bildet, in das das entsprechende Ende jedes Längsträgers (2) eingelassen ist.
  9. Vorgefertigtes Element nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an mindestens einem seiner Enden jeder metallische Träger (2) über die entsprechende Querseite (38) des Sockels (3) hinaus durch einen Verbindungsteil (23) verlängert ist, der sich als Konsole erstreckt und mit einem entsprechenden Teil (23') eines metallischen Trägers (2') eines folgenden Elements (1') verbunden werden kann.
  10. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines vorgefertigten Elements (1) zur Herstellung einer Platte (D), gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:
    auf einer ebenen Fläche Anbringen mindestens zweier paralleler metallischer Träger (1), die voneinander beabstandet sind und
    jeweils einen Kern (20), eine erste Sohle (22), die auf die Fläche gestellt wird, und eine zweite Sohle (21) umfasst;
    auf den zweiten Sohlen (21) der Träger (2) Anbringen einer Vielzahl von Querbalken (41) und Schweißen derselben auf die gesamte Breite der Sohle (21);
    auf den Querbalken (41') Anbringen einer Vielzahl von Längsbalken (42') und Verschweißen derselben mit den Querbalken (41'), um eine erste Bewehrungsschicht (4') zu bilden;
    - Wenden der Einheit und Anbringen der Träger (2) und der ersten Schicht (4') auf der Fläche;
    - auf den ersten Sohlen (22) der Träger (2) Anbringen einer Vielzahl von Querbalken (41) und Schweißen derselben auf die gesamte Breite der Sohlen (22);
    - auf den Querbalken (41) Anbringen einer Vielzahl von Längsbalken (42) und Verschweißen mit diesen, um eine zweite Bewehrungsschicht (4) zu bilden;
    - Herstellung einer hohlen Vorfertigungsform (10) mit einem im Wesentlichen flachen Boden (101) und mindestens vier Seiten, bzw. zwei Längsseiten (102) und zwei Querseiten (103);
    - in der Form Anbringen des monolithischen Bewehrungskorbs, der von den Längsträgern (2) gebildet ist, die durch die beiden Bewehrungsschichten (4, 4') verbunden sind, wobei ein Mindestschalungsabstand (b) zwischen den Längsträgern (42') der unteren Schicht (4') und dem Boden (101) der Form (10) beibehalten wird;
    - Gießen von Beton (11) in die Form, um den Boden derselben auf einer ausreichenden Dicke (e) zu bedecken, um die unteren Teile (21) der metallischen Träger (2) und die untere Bewehrungsschicht (4') zu umgeben;
    - nach dem Festwerden und Aushärten des Betons Entformen, um ein vorgefertigtes Element (1) zu erhalten, welches mindestens einen metallischen Längsträger (2) mit einer unteren Sohle (21) und eine Bewehrungsschicht (4') umfasst, die in einen Stahlbetonsockel (3) eingelassen sind, der eine Schalung für das Gießen einer Stahlbetonplatte (D) durch den monolithischen Bewehrungskorb bilden kann, der von den Trägern (2), die durch die beiden Bewehrungsschichten (4,4') verbunden sind, gebildet ist.
  11. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines vorgefertigten Elements (1) für die Herstellung einer Platte (D), gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:
    - Herstellung einer hohlen Vorfertigungsform (10) mit einem im Wesentlichen flachen Boden und mindestens vier Seiten, bzw. zwei Längsseiten (102) und zwei Querseiten (103);
    - in der Form (10) Anbringen einer Bewehrungsschicht (4'), die von Längsträgern (42') gebildet ist, über denen Querbalken (41') angeschweißt sind, wobei die Schicht (4') vom Boden (101) der Form (10) in einem Mindestabstand (b) entfernt gehalten wird;
    - auf der Schicht (4') Anbringen mindestens zweier metallischer Längsträger (2) mit einer unteren Sohle (21), einem Kern (20) und einer oberen Sohle (22) und Schweißen der unteren Sohlen (21) auf die Querbalken (41') der Bewehrungsschicht (4');
    - auf den oberen Sohlen (22) Anbringen und Verschweißen der Längsträger (2) einer Sewehrungsschicht (4), die von Querbalken (41) gebildet ist, die auf die Sohlen (22) der Träger (2) geschweißt sind, auf die die Längsbalken (42) geschweißt sind;
    - Gießen von Beton (11) in die Form, um den Boden derselben auf einer ausreichenden Dicke (e) zu bedecken, um die unteren Teile (21) der metallischen Träger (2) und die untere Bewehrungsschicht (4') zu umgeben;
    - nach dem Festwerden und Aushärten des Betons Entformen, um ein vorgefertigtes Element (1) zu erhalten, welches mindestens zwei metallische Längsträger (2) mit einer unteren Sohle (21) und eine Bewehrungsschicht (4') umfasst, die in einen Stahlbetonsockel (3) eingelassen sind, der eine Schalung für das Gießen einer Stahlbetonplatte (D) durch den monolithischen Bewehrungskorb bilden kann, der von den Trägern (2), die durch die beiden Bewehrungsschichten (4, 4') verbunden sind, gebildet ist.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stahlbetonplatte, die auf mindestens zwei beabstandeten Stützen auflieft, aus mindestens einem vorgefertigten Element (1), das nach einem der Ansprüche 10 und 11 hergestellt ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens ein vorgefertigtes Element (1) angebracht wird, das auf mindestens zwei beabstandeten Stützen aufliegt, und dass der Sockel (3) von Schalungselementen umgeben ist, die sich vertikal auf einer Höhe mindestens gleich der Dicke (h) der herzustellenden Platte (D) erstrecken, wobei diese durch Gießen von Beton (11) in die so gebildete Form, deren Boden von dem Sockel (3) gebildet ist, erhalten wird.
  13. Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Bereich jeder der Stützen (53) der Betonsockel (3) mit einer Aussparung (37) versehen ist, in die mindestens ein Verbindungsteil (54) eindringt, der an gewünschter Stelle auf der Abstützung (53) vorgesehen ist, um die Platte (D) mit der Stütze (53) durch Gießen von Beton in die Aussparung (37) zu verbinden.
  14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12 und 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (D) von mindestens zwei vorgefertigten Elementen (1, 1') gebildet ist, die nebeneinander mit mindestens zwei aneinander anliegenden Seiten (30, 30') und zwei Außenseiten angeordnet sind, entlang derer die Betonplatte (3) mit einem erhabenen Teil (36) versehen ist, der ein Schalungselement für das Gießen von Beton (11) in die so gebildete Form darstellt.
  15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 12, 13, 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Platte (D) von mindestens zwei Elementen (1, 1') gebildet ist, die nacheinander in Längsrichtung angeordnet sind, wobei die aneinander grenzenden Enden (23, 23') der metallischen Träger (2) verbunden sind.
EP08761900A 2008-01-07 2008-01-07 Vorgefertigtes element zur herstellung einer stahlbetonplatte und so hergestellte platte Active EP2231947B1 (de)

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DE102018212750A1 (de) 2018-07-31 2020-02-06 Pfeifer Holding Gmbh & Co. Kg Tragbalken für Deckensysteme, Deckensystem und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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