EP2230984A1 - Method for detecting a load-related change in thermal capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance - Google Patents

Method for detecting a load-related change in thermal capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance

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Publication number
EP2230984A1
EP2230984A1 EP08860453A EP08860453A EP2230984A1 EP 2230984 A1 EP2230984 A1 EP 2230984A1 EP 08860453 A EP08860453 A EP 08860453A EP 08860453 A EP08860453 A EP 08860453A EP 2230984 A1 EP2230984 A1 EP 2230984A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
temperature profile
water
detecting
detected
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08860453A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2230984B1 (en
Inventor
Heinz Heissler
Kai Paintner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSH Hausgeraete GmbH
Original Assignee
BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH filed Critical BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeraete GmbH
Priority to PL08860453T priority Critical patent/PL2230984T3/en
Publication of EP2230984A1 publication Critical patent/EP2230984A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2230984B1 publication Critical patent/EP2230984B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/0018—Controlling processes, i.e. processes to control the operation of the machine characterised by the purpose or target of the control
    • A47L15/0021—Regulation of operational steps within the washing processes, e.g. optimisation or improvement of operational steps depending from the detergent nature or from the condition of the crockery
    • A47L15/0034—Drying phases, including dripping-off phases
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/48—Drying arrangements
    • A47L15/483—Drying arrangements by using condensers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4291—Recovery arrangements, e.g. for the recovery of energy or water
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L15/00—Washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware
    • A47L15/42—Details
    • A47L15/4295—Arrangements for detecting or measuring the condition of the crockery or tableware, e.g. nature or quantity
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/04—Crockery or tableware details, e.g. material, quantity, condition
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/12—Water temperature
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2401/00—Automatic detection in controlling methods of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, e.g. information provided by sensors entered into controlling devices
    • A47L2401/34—Other automatic detections
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/11—Air heaters
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L—DOMESTIC WASHING OR CLEANING; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47L2501/00—Output in controlling method of washing or rinsing machines for crockery or tableware, i.e. quantities or components controlled, or actions performed by the controlling device executing the controlling method
    • A47L2501/30—Regulation of machine operational steps within the washing process, e.g. performing an additional rinsing phase, shortening or stopping of the drying phase, washing at decreased noise operation conditions

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • WO 2004/047608 A1 discloses a method for detecting the quantity of dishes in the washing container of a dishwasher in which both the operating data of a circulating pump and the so-called heating gradient in the dishwasher are detected at least in a pre-washing phase and in a heating phase. The recorded actual values are compared with stored target values and from this the quantity of dishes in the washing container is deduced. Then the wash program can be adapted to the detected amount of dishes.
  • This method requires a great deal of control and regulation, because for the target-actual comparison, a plurality of curve or measurement data scenarios must be stored in a program control unit and compared with the detected values.
  • the heating power of a dishwasher depends on the locally available electrical mains voltage, so that deviations of the locally available electrical mains voltage can falsify the measurement result.
  • the solution of the object of the invention is based on a method for detecting the load-related heat capacity change of a water-conducting household appliance, in particular a dishwasher, for optimizing a drying process.
  • a temperature profile is detected during the cooling of the dishes. For example, during the main cleaning cycle, the temperature of the cooling rinse liquor, which is in temperature equilibrium with the ware, can be measured. Because a high load itself Cooling slower than a low, the detection of the temperature profile of the rinse liquor can be used as a measure of the loading. It is technically easy to detect via a temperature sensor, because the sensor can be integrated into the flushing circuit without great technical effort.
  • the temperature profile can be detected on a condensation surface, for example on the inside of a door or on the outer surface of a water tank serving as a reservoir, which serves for the intermediate storage of water and / or rinsing liquor.
  • pairs of temperature values are detected at two different locations in the machine.
  • a first value can be determined in one area in front of the items to be washed, and a second value afterwards. So can be detected so a temperature difference, for example, the rinsing liquor from values before and after contact with the dishes. From the change in the difference, the heat capacity change can be determined by the dishes.
  • the correlation of temperature profile and heat capacity also applies to the detection of a temperature at the condensation surface.
  • the temperature profile after a mixing operation of rinsing liquor with fresh water is detected ie the heat capacity change due to the loading is determined calorimetrically by measuring a mixture temperature from one of the two temperature values when changing or at least partially changing the rinsing liquor. This can be done for example during the cleaning cycle or an intermediate rinse cycle. After a first cleaning cycle with warm water, it can be completely or partially pumped off and cold fresh water fed into the rinsing chamber. The fresh water warms up by the contact with the warm dishes and, if necessary, by mixing with warm residual water from the cleaning cycle.
  • the heat capacity can be derived by a calorimetric calculation of the temperature and amount of fresh water supplied, optionally the amount and temperature of the fresh water remaining from the cleaning cycle and the resulting mixing temperature. Also these data can - under circumstances with already existing means, thus with small technical expenditure - be detected technically simply Such a procedure would not be comfortable.
  • a time dependency of a temperature representative of the temperature of the washware itself and / or the time dependence of a temperature representative of the temperature of a condensation surface is detected. The time dependence of the temperature of the items to be washed or of the condensation surface is to be understood as the temperature profile.
  • the humidity in the washing compartment settles during cooling during a drying process.
  • the determination of the temperature at the condensation surface offers on the one hand a simple and on the other hand independent of the rinsing eye and the circulation pump or their performance data acquisition capability.
  • the invention thus makes use of the knowledge that the course of the rinse temperature or its change during a certain period of time is in direct correlation to the heat capacity and temperature of the items to be washed. This results in a technically simple calculation method, which indirectly determine the size of the heat capacity, which is difficult to detect, or which can be estimated within narrow limits.
  • a fit function describing the time dependency of the temperature during cooling or mixing can be adapted to the detected time dependence during cooling or mixing, wherein the fit function has the heat capacity of the dishes as a fit parameter. Also in this way, the heat capacity of the items to be washed can be determined as a measure of the loading in a technically simple manner.
  • thermo profile during a cooling phase and / or a mixing temperature can preferably be provided, in addition to the temperature profile during a cooling phase and / or a mixing temperature, to record the temperature profile during a heating phase of rinsing liquor, in particular of circulated rinsing liquor, so as to increase the accuracy by combining these measurements.
  • the invention includes a water-conducting domestic appliance, in particular a dishwasher, at least comprising means for detecting the load-related storage capacity of thermal energy.
  • the water-conducting household appliance has means for detecting a temperature profile during the cooling of the items to be washed. The determination of the current load takes place automatically, that is without input from an operator. This considerably simplifies the operation of the dishwasher.
  • the loading can be detected indirectly via a determination of the heat capacity of the items to be washed.
  • the dishwasher may comprise a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature representative of the temperature of the items to be washed and means for evaluating the detected temperature and / or their time dependence.
  • the temperature sensor can be arranged in the rinsing chamber or in the circulation circuit and comes into contact with the water circulated during a cleaning cycle, which in turn is in heat exchange with the items to be washed. It should therefore be arranged so that it can at least indirectly detect the temperature of the items to be washed.
  • a second temperature sensor with associated evaluation means for detecting the temperature of freshly supplied, not yet heated fresh water may be present.
  • the second temperature sensor can be in heat exchange with the heat storage. The second temperature sensor and the evaluation means allow the determination of the heat capacity of the load according to the method last described above.
  • the dishwasher may comprise a control unit which is designed to process the data of the temperature sensor or sensors, ie to carry out the method described above or sections thereof and their variants.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sectional view of a first dishwasher
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a further dishwasher.
  • Fig. 1 shows the known operations in a dishwasher with self-heat drying. They include a prewash 2, a heating phase 4, a Cleaning cycle 6, an intermediate rinse 8, a rinse 10 and a final drying operations 12.
  • pre-rinse 2 cold fresh water (about 3.4 - 3.9 I) is supplied and for a preset period of about 15 minutes by a circulation pump 20 through the rinsing chamber 14 (see Figures 3 and 4) circulated.
  • a heating device 56 in the hydraulic circuit heats the fresh water of Vor Togethergangs 2 in about 13 to 14 min to an initial cleaning temperature of about 51 0 C. This also heats the dishes 28 in the washing chamber 14.
  • the heated and provided with detergent rinsing fluid is circulated, whereby the wash ware 28 is substantially cleaned.
  • the rinsing solution is pumped out of the rinsing chamber 14 and fed clean, cold fresh water.
  • the fresh water is circulated during the intermediate rinse 8 for a period of about 5 min and is heated above all by contact with or by heat transfer from the still warm dishes 28 and possibly a heat exchanger 38 (FIG. 4).
  • the intermediate rinse water is pumped out of the rinsing chamber 14 and fed again cold fresh water.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the time characteristic of the temperature in the rinsing chamber for different loadings during the rinse cycle 10 and the drying cycle 12.
  • the supply of heating energy increases the temperature in the rinsing chamber 14 and thus also the temperature of the washware 28 during the rinse cycle 10 substantially in proportion to the time t.
  • the less than proportional increase in temperature shown in FIG. 2 is due to heat transfer losses, inter alia through the walls of the washing chamber 14 and through the loading door 16.
  • the temperature during the heating phase in the final rinse cycle 10 is regulated according to the middle curve in FIG. 2 to an initial temperature To standard .
  • the Eigenadeltrocknungsgang 12 begins the Eigenhofftrocknungsgang 12, so the complete evaporation of the water film on the dishes. If a higher or lower load was detected, a correspondingly larger or smaller heating energy input is required for the self-heat drying. Accordingly, during the heating phase, the temperature is set to a higher or lower initial temperature T 0 + ⁇ T or T 0 -AT for the self-heat drying cycle 12.
  • the drying cycle 12 begins.
  • the temperature in the rinsing chamber runs essentially in accordance with a decreasing exponential function.
  • a moisture film present on the washware 28 evaporates and condenses on a condensation surface.
  • a temperature T 12 is reached as a characteristic feature, which subsequently changes only insignificantly and marks the achievement of an essentially asymptotic state.
  • the moisture film on the washware 28 is completely evaporated and the drying process 12 can be terminated. Since the achievement of the time t 12 depends on the load, their detection is essential for the control of the drying process in terms of energy input and time course.
  • the time dependence T1 (t) of an actual temperature T1 in the rinsing chamber during the cooling phase of the cleaning cycle 6, ie the temperature profile over the time t, is detected. From this, the heat capacity of the load is obtained as a measure of the actual load B, st .
  • the time dependence T1 (t) of the temperature during the cooling phase essentially follows an exponential function in time t Tl (t) -C (tt 0 )
  • t 0 is the time when the cooling phase begins.
  • the heat capacity C (water) of the circulated rinsing liquor depends on the amount of water introduced, which is measured when filling the rinsing chamber with fresh water.
  • the total heat capacity C g ⁇ S is determined by fitting a fit function to the cooling curve T1 (t) with C g ⁇ S as fit parameter.
  • St calculated by subtracting the measured heat capacity C (water) from the total heat capacity C g ⁇ S derived from the cooling curve T1 (t).
  • the mixing temperature which occurs in the intermediate rinse 8 is measured.
  • a function is adapted to the time dependency of the measured in the intermediate rinse 8 temperature by fitting and from the after mixing the cold fresh water at the beginning of the Swiss Whygangs 8 by temperature compensation with the cleaning cycle 6 still warm Spülgut 28 adjusting mixture temperature as an asymptotic approximation of the temperature Time dependence in the intermediate rinse 8 determined using known mathematical equations or models for calorimetric temperature mixing.
  • the dishwashing machine shown in FIG. 3 comprises a rinsing chamber 14 in which the items to be washed 28 are placed in a loading basket 30, a loading door 16 attached to the rinsing chamber 14, and a rotatably arranged in the rinsing chamber 14
  • Circulation pump 20 connects to the water spray rotary arm 24, a drain 22b in the bottom wall 19 of the washing chamber 14, which is connected to a suction side of the circulation pump 20, a heater 56 at the inlet 22a for heating the circulated
  • Control unit 58 for controlling the operations and devices of the dishwasher and for reading and evaluating the measurement signals of the temperature sensor 32, 34, a connecting line 48 for the supply of fresh water, a drain line 52 for discharging spent rinse liquor and a heater 56 at the inlet 22a with a control line 56s to the control unit 58.
  • the first temperature sensor 32 is arranged in the circulation pump 20 and serves to detect the temperature T1 of the water or the rinsing liquor in the circulation circuit. However, it may also be disposed at other positions in the circulation circuit, such as in the inlet 22a, in the drain 22b or in a depression in the bottom wall of the washing chamber 14 in the vicinity of the opening of the drain 22b.
  • the second temperature sensor 34 is in contact with the inside wall, d. H. arranged the washing chamber 14 facing wall of the loading door 16 and serves to detect a characteristic of the temperature of a cold surface in the washing chamber 14 reference temperature T2. It may also be arranged, for example, in an operating panel 18 in the loading temperature 16.
  • the temperature sensor 32 in the circulation pump 20 detects a temperature profile of the rinsing eye over time and passes the data to the control device 58 on.
  • the temperature of the flushing eye is determined on the one hand by the outlet temperature of the fresh water from the line of the house installation. Since the fresh water first enters the circulation pump 20 before it is pumped further, the sensor 32 can detect its temperature. The fresh water further supplied heating power is also known.
  • the energy losses via the line 22a and the walls of the rinsing chamber 14 are largely constant or of at least relatively little influence.
  • the regulating device 58 can determine the temperature of the rinsing eye when it enters the rinsing chamber 14 before it hits the ware 28.
  • the temperature of the washware 28 is Another influence on the temperature of the rinse liquor.
  • the liquor receives a lower temperature after each run out of the washing chamber 14 than it had in the inlet 22a, because it cools down on the washware 28.
  • the Control device 58 on the degree of loading of the washing chamber 14 close.
  • With a smaller amount of items to be washed 28 is a lower heat capacity in the washing chamber 14, whereby the liquor is cooled less.
  • the ware 28 heats up so faster, which is why the heating phase 4 shortened or the power of the heater 56 can be reduced. Conversely, at a higher load, an extension of the heating phase 4 or an increase in the heating power is required.
  • a second temperature sensor 34 may be attached to or in the loading door 16.
  • the loading door 16 represents a relatively cool condensation surface in the drying cycle 12 by self-heating.
  • the washware 28 heated in the preceding rinse cycle 10 evaporates the moisture adhering to it, which deposits on the loading door 16 as a cool condensation surface.
  • the course of the temperature of the condensation surface is an indication of the degree of loading of the washing chamber 14. Because a larger amount of items to be washed 28 can bind a correspondingly higher amount of moisture on its surface. The subsequent onset of condensation gives off a larger amount of heat at the condensation surface of the loading door 16, as it is less loaded.
  • the second embodiment of the dishwasher shown in Fig. 4 differs from the first embodiment shown in Fig. 3 by serving as a temperature storage water reservoir 38.
  • the same elements of the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
  • the dishwasher according to FIG. 4 comprises the connection line 48 provided with the controllable connection valve 50 for filling the heat exchanger 38 with fresh water and a connection line 40 between the heat exchanger 38 and the circulation pump 20 and a third temperature sensor 36 arranged in the water storage 38 for detecting the temperature T3 of FIG Water in the water tank 38.
  • the connecting line 40 is opened and closed by the controllable connecting valve 42.
  • the valve 42 can be controlled via a line 42s to the control unit 58. When the valve 42 is closed and the valve 50 is opened, the water reservoir 38 is filled with cold fresh water. In reverse valve position, it is filled with water from the circulation, which may be heated if necessary.
  • the water reservoir 38 is formed in the shape of a container arranged parallel to the side wall of the washing chamber 14 and abuts against the side wall.
  • the third temperature sensor 36 is arranged in contact with the washing chamber 14 facing the wall of the water reservoir 38. To improve the efficiency of the heat drying of the water tank 38 is filled during the drying cycle 12 with cold fresh water. As a result, the water tank 38 facing side wall of the washing chamber 14 to a cooled condensation surface.
  • the temperature sensor 36 thus fulfills the one hand, the same purpose as the sensor 34 in the last example described. However, since it lies exclusively in the fresh water inflow of the circulating pump 20, it can detect the outlet temperature of the fresh water with a higher accuracy than the temperature sensor 32. It thus provides a better data basis for determining the loading by the control unit 58.
  • first temperature sensor circulating circuit
  • second temperature sensor condensing surface for example loading door
  • connection valve 42 connection valve 42s control line for connection valve

Landscapes

  • Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for detecting the load-related change in thermal capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance, especially of a dishwasher, in order to optimize the drying process. The method according to the invention is characterized by detecting a temperature gradient during the cooling of the items to be cleaned.

Description

Verfahren zur Erfassung einer beladungsbedingten Wärmekapazitätsänderung eines wasserführenden Haushaltsgeräts Method for detecting a load-related heat capacity change of a water-conducting household appliance
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a method according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
Bei wasserführenden Haushaltsgeräten, wie bspw. Geschirrspülmaschinen, ändert sich in Abhängigkeit der Spülgutmenge und -art deren thermisches Verhalten, d.h., das eingebrachte Spülgut bewirkt eine Wärmekapazitätsänderung, mit der Folge, dass bspw. die Zeitdauer von Abkühl- oder Trocknungsvorgänge verlängert oder verkürzt wird.In the case of water-conducting domestic appliances, such as, for example, dishwashers, their thermal behavior changes depending on the amount and type of washware, that is, the introduced washware causes a change in heat capacity, with the result that, for example, the duration of cooling or drying operations is lengthened or shortened.
Aus der WO 2004/047608 A1 ein Verfahren zur Erkennung der Geschirrmenge im Spülbehälter einer Geschirrspülmaschine bei dem sowohl Motorbetriebsdaten einer Umwälzpumpe als auch die so genannte Heizungssteigung in der Geschirrspülmaschine wenigstens in einer Vorspülphase und in einer Aufheizphase erfasst werden. Die erfassten Ist-Werte werden mit hinterlegten Soll-Werten verglichen und daraus die im Spülbehälter befindliche Geschirrmenge abgeleitet. Daraufhin kann das Spülprogramm an die festgestellte Geschirrmenge angepasst werden. Dieses Verfahren erfordert einen hohen Steuerungs- und Regelungsaufwand, denn für den Soll-Ist-Vergleich müssen eine Vielzahl von Kurven- oder Messdaten-Szenarien in einem Programmsteuergerät hinterlegt sein und mit den erfassten Werten verglichen werden. Ferner hängt die Heizleistung einer Geschirrspülmaschine von der vor Ort verfügbaren elektrischen Netzspannung ab, so dass Abweichungen der vor Ort verfügbaren elektrischen Netzspannung das Messergebnis verfälschen können.WO 2004/047608 A1 discloses a method for detecting the quantity of dishes in the washing container of a dishwasher in which both the operating data of a circulating pump and the so-called heating gradient in the dishwasher are detected at least in a pre-washing phase and in a heating phase. The recorded actual values are compared with stored target values and from this the quantity of dishes in the washing container is deduced. Then the wash program can be adapted to the detected amount of dishes. This method requires a great deal of control and regulation, because for the target-actual comparison, a plurality of curve or measurement data scenarios must be stored in a program control unit and compared with the detected values. Furthermore, the heating power of a dishwasher depends on the locally available electrical mains voltage, so that deviations of the locally available electrical mains voltage can falsify the measurement result.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein verbessertes Verfahren bereitzustellen.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide an improved method.
Die Lösung der Aufgabe der Erfindung geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Erfassung der beladungsbedingten Wärmekapazitätsänderung eines wasserführenden Haushaltsgeräts, insbesondere einer Geschirrspülmaschine, zum Optimieren eines Trocknungsvorgangs.The solution of the object of the invention is based on a method for detecting the load-related heat capacity change of a water-conducting household appliance, in particular a dishwasher, for optimizing a drying process.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass ein Temperaturverlauf während des Abkühlens des Spülguts erfasst wird. Beispielsweise kann während des Hauptreinigungsgangs die Temperatur der sich abkühlenden Spülflotte, die mit dem Spülgut im Temperaturgleichgewicht steht, gemessen werden. Weil eine hohe Beladung sich langsamer abkühlt als eine geringe, kann die Erfassung des Temperaturverlaufs der Spüllauge als Maß für die Beladung verwendet werden. Sie ist über einen Temperaturfühler technisch einfach zu erfassen, weil der Fühler ohne großen technischen Aufwand in den Spülkreislauf integriert werden kann. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann der Temperaturverlauf an einer Kondensationsfläche erfasst werden, bspw. an der Innenseite einer Tür oder an der Außenfläche eines als Vorratsbehälter dienenden Wassertanks, der der Zwischenspeicherung von Wasser und/oder Spülflotte dient. Günstiger Weise werden in beiden Varianten zur Ermittlung des Temperaturverlaufs Paare von Temperaturwerten an zwei unterschiedlichen Orten in der Maschine erfasst. Ein erster Wert kann in einem Bereich vor dem Spülgut ermittelt werden, und ein zweiter danach. Erfasst werden kann also eine Temperaturdifferenz beispielsweise der Spüllauge aus Werten vor und nach Kontakt mit dem Spülgut. Aus der Veränderung der Differenz kann die Wärmekapazitätsänderung durch das Spülguts ermittelt werden. Sinngemäß trifft die Korrelation von Temperaturverlauf und Wärmekapazität auch für die Erfassung einer Temperatur an der Kondensationsfläche zu.According to the invention it is provided that a temperature profile is detected during the cooling of the dishes. For example, during the main cleaning cycle, the temperature of the cooling rinse liquor, which is in temperature equilibrium with the ware, can be measured. Because a high load itself Cooling slower than a low, the detection of the temperature profile of the rinse liquor can be used as a measure of the loading. It is technically easy to detect via a temperature sensor, because the sensor can be integrated into the flushing circuit without great technical effort. Alternatively or additionally, the temperature profile can be detected on a condensation surface, for example on the inside of a door or on the outer surface of a water tank serving as a reservoir, which serves for the intermediate storage of water and / or rinsing liquor. Conveniently, in both variants for determining the temperature profile, pairs of temperature values are detected at two different locations in the machine. A first value can be determined in one area in front of the items to be washed, and a second value afterwards. So can be detected so a temperature difference, for example, the rinsing liquor from values before and after contact with the dishes. From the change in the difference, the heat capacity change can be determined by the dishes. Analogously, the correlation of temperature profile and heat capacity also applies to the detection of a temperature at the condensation surface.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass der Temperaturverlauf nach einem Mischungsvorgang von Spülflotte mit Frischwasser erfasst wird, d.h. die Wärmekapazitätsänderung durch die Beladung wird kalorimetrisch durch Messen einer Mischungstemperatur aus einer der beiden Temperaturwerte bei einem Wechsel oder zumindest teilweisen Wechsel der Spülflotte bestimmt. Dies kann beispielsweise während des Reinigungsgangs oder eines Zwischenspülgangs erfolgen. Nach Ablauf eines ersten Reinigungsgangs mit warmem Wasser kann es ganz oder teilweise abgepumpt und kaltes Frischwasser in die Spülkammer zugeführt werden. Das Frischwasser erwärmt sich durch den Kontakt mit dem warmen Spülgut und gegebenenfalls durch Mischen mit warmem Restwasser aus dem Reinigungsgang. Unter Vernachlässigung der Temperatur des Spülguts vor der Zufuhr des Frischwassers kann aus der Temperatur und Menge des zugeführten Frischwassers, gegebenenfalls der Menge und Temperatur des aus dem Reinigungsgang verbliebenen Frischwassers und der sich einstellenden Mischungstemperatur die Wärmekapazität durch eine kalorimetrische Berechnung hergeleitet werden. Auch diese Daten können - unter Umständen mit schon vorhandenen Mitteln, also mit geringem technischem Aufwand - technisch einfach erfasst werden Ein derartiges Vorgehen wäre nicht komfortabel. In einer vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird eine Zeitabhängigkeit einer für die Temperatur des Spülguts selbst repräsentativen Temperatur und/oder die Zeitabhängigkeit einer für die Temperatur einer Kondensationsfläche repräsentativen Temperatur erfasst werden. Unter der Zeitabhängigkeit der Temperatur des Spülguts bzw. der Kondensationsfläche ist der Temperaturverlauf zu verstehen. An der Kondensationsfläche schlägt sich die Luftfeuchtigkeit im Spülraum während des Abkühlens bei einem Trocknungsvorgang nieder. Insbesondere die Ermittlung der Temperatur an der Kondensationsfläche bietet eine einerseits einfache und andererseits von der Spüllauge und der Umwälzpumpe bzw. deren Leistungsdaten unabhängige Erfassungsmöglichkeit. Die Erfindung macht sich also die Erkenntnis zunutze, dass der Verlauf der Spülguttemperatur bzw. deren Änderung während einer bestimmten Zeitspanne in direkter Korrelation zur Wärmekapazität und Temperatur des Spülguts steht. Dadurch ergibt sich eine technisch einfache Berechnungsmethode, die an sich schwer zu erfassende Größe der Wärmekapazität mittelbar bestimmen bzw. in engen Grenzen abschätzen zu können.In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the temperature profile after a mixing operation of rinsing liquor with fresh water is detected, ie the heat capacity change due to the loading is determined calorimetrically by measuring a mixture temperature from one of the two temperature values when changing or at least partially changing the rinsing liquor. This can be done for example during the cleaning cycle or an intermediate rinse cycle. After a first cleaning cycle with warm water, it can be completely or partially pumped off and cold fresh water fed into the rinsing chamber. The fresh water warms up by the contact with the warm dishes and, if necessary, by mixing with warm residual water from the cleaning cycle. Neglecting the temperature of the dishes prior to the supply of fresh water, the heat capacity can be derived by a calorimetric calculation of the temperature and amount of fresh water supplied, optionally the amount and temperature of the fresh water remaining from the cleaning cycle and the resulting mixing temperature. Also these data can - under circumstances with already existing means, thus with small technical expenditure - be detected technically simply Such a procedure would not be comfortable. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a time dependency of a temperature representative of the temperature of the washware itself and / or the time dependence of a temperature representative of the temperature of a condensation surface is detected. The time dependence of the temperature of the items to be washed or of the condensation surface is to be understood as the temperature profile. At the condensation surface, the humidity in the washing compartment settles during cooling during a drying process. In particular, the determination of the temperature at the condensation surface offers on the one hand a simple and on the other hand independent of the rinsing eye and the circulation pump or their performance data acquisition capability. The invention thus makes use of the knowledge that the course of the rinse temperature or its change during a certain period of time is in direct correlation to the heat capacity and temperature of the items to be washed. This results in a technically simple calculation method, which indirectly determine the size of the heat capacity, which is difficult to detect, or which can be estimated within narrow limits.
In den genannten Ausführungsformen kann an die erfasste Zeitabhängigkeit beim Abkühlen bzw. Mischen eine die Zeitabhängigkeit der Temperatur beim Abkühlen bzw. Mischen beschreibende Fit-Funktion angepasst werden, wobei die Fit-Funktion die Wärmekapazität des Spülguts als einen Fit-Parameter aufweist. Auch auf diese Weise kann die Wärmekapazität des Spülguts als Maß für die Beladung auf technisch einfache Weise ermittelt werden.In the embodiments mentioned, a fit function describing the time dependency of the temperature during cooling or mixing can be adapted to the detected time dependence during cooling or mixing, wherein the fit function has the heat capacity of the dishes as a fit parameter. Also in this way, the heat capacity of the items to be washed can be determined as a measure of the loading in a technically simple manner.
Ferner kann vorzugsweise vorgesehen sein, zusätzlich zum Temperaturverlauf während einer Abkühlphase und/oder einer Mischungstemperatur den Temperaturverlaufs während einer Aufheizphase von Spülflotte, insbesondere von umgewälzter Spülflotte, zu erfassen, um so durch Kombination dieser Messungen die Genauigkeit zu erhöhen.Furthermore, it can preferably be provided, in addition to the temperature profile during a cooling phase and / or a mixing temperature, to record the temperature profile during a heating phase of rinsing liquor, in particular of circulated rinsing liquor, so as to increase the accuracy by combining these measurements.
Ferner gehört zur Erfindung ein wasserführendes Haushaltsgerät, insbesondere Geschirrspülmaschine, wenigstens aufweisend Mittel zur Erfassung des beladungsbedingten Speichervermögens thermischer Energie. Erfindungsgemäß weist das wasserführende Haushaltsgerät Mittel zum Erfassen eines Temperaturverlaufs während des Abkühlens des Spülguts auf. Die Bestimmung der aktuellen Beladung erfolgt automatisch, das heißt ohne Eingabe durch einen Bediener. Dadurch vereinfacht sich die Bedienung der Geschirrspülmaschine erheblich.Furthermore, the invention includes a water-conducting domestic appliance, in particular a dishwasher, at least comprising means for detecting the load-related storage capacity of thermal energy. According to the invention, the water-conducting household appliance has means for detecting a temperature profile during the cooling of the items to be washed. The determination of the current load takes place automatically, that is without input from an operator. This considerably simplifies the operation of the dishwasher.
Erfindungsgemäß kann die Beladung mittelbar über eine Ermittlung der Wärmekapazität des Spülguts erfasst werden. Zum Ermitteln der Wärmekapazität kann die Geschirrspülmaschine einen Temperaturfühler zum Erfassen einer für die Temperatur des Spülguts repräsentativen Temperatur sowie Mittel zum Auswerten der erfassten Temperatur und/oder deren Zeitabhängigkeit umfassen. Der Temperaturfühler kann in der Spülkammer oder im Umwälzkreis angeordnet sein und kommt in Kontakt mit dem während eines Reinigungsgangs umgewälzten Wasser, das wiederum mit dem Spülgut im Wärmeaustausch steht. Er ist also so anzuordnen, dass er zumindest mittelbar die Temperatur des Spülguts erfassen kann. Zusätzlich kann ein zweiter Temperaturfühler mit zugehörigen Auswertemitteln zur Erfassung der Temperatur von frisch zugeführtem, noch nicht erwärmtem Frischwasser vorhanden sein. Bei Geschirrspülmaschinen, die bauartbedingt einen Wärmespeicher umfassen, kann der zweite Temperaturfühler im Wärmeaustausch mit dem Wärmespeicher stehen. Der zweite Temperaturfühler und die Auswertemittel ermöglichen das Bestimmen der Wärmekapazität der Beladung nach dem oben zuletzt beschriebenen Verfahren.According to the invention, the loading can be detected indirectly via a determination of the heat capacity of the items to be washed. To determine the heat capacity, the dishwasher may comprise a temperature sensor for detecting a temperature representative of the temperature of the items to be washed and means for evaluating the detected temperature and / or their time dependence. The temperature sensor can be arranged in the rinsing chamber or in the circulation circuit and comes into contact with the water circulated during a cleaning cycle, which in turn is in heat exchange with the items to be washed. It should therefore be arranged so that it can at least indirectly detect the temperature of the items to be washed. In addition, a second temperature sensor with associated evaluation means for detecting the temperature of freshly supplied, not yet heated fresh water may be present. In dishwashers, which include a heat accumulator due to design, the second temperature sensor can be in heat exchange with the heat storage. The second temperature sensor and the evaluation means allow the determination of the heat capacity of the load according to the method last described above.
Die Geschirrspülmaschine kann eine Regelungseinheit umfassen, die dazu ausgebildet ist, die Daten des oder der Temperaturfühler zu verarbeiten, also das oben beschriebene Verfahren oder Abschnitte daraus und deren Varianten auszuführen.The dishwasher may comprise a control unit which is designed to process the data of the temperature sensor or sensors, ie to carry out the method described above or sections thereof and their variants.
Das Prinzip der Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung beispielshalber noch näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen:The principle of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing by way of example. In the drawing show:
Fig. 1 : einen Temperaturverlauf im Spülraum einer Geschirrspülmaschine,1 shows a temperature profile in the washing compartment of a dishwasher,
Fig. 2: einen Ausschnitt eines derartigen Temperaturverlaufs für unterschiedliche Beladungen,2 shows a section of such a temperature profile for different loads,
Fig. 3: eine schematische Schnittansicht einer ersten Geschirrspülmaschine, und Fig. 4: eine schematische Schnittansicht einer weiteren Geschirrspülmaschine.3 shows a schematic sectional view of a first dishwasher, and FIG. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of a further dishwasher.
Fig. 1 zeigt die bekannten Arbeitsgänge in einer Geschirrspülmaschine mit Eigenwärmetrocknung. Sie umfassen einen Vorspülgang 2, eine Aufheizphase 4, einen Reinigungsgang 6, einen Zwischenspülgang 8, einen Klarspülgang 10 und einen die Arbeitsgänge abschließenden Trocknungsgang 12. Im Vorspülgang 2 wird kaltes Frischwasser (ca. 3,4 - 3,9 I) zugeführt und für eine voreingestellte Dauer von ca. 15 min von einer Umlaufpumpe 20 durch die Spülkammer 14 (siehe Figuren 3 und 4) umgewälzt. Eine Heizvorrichtung 56 (siehe Figuren 3 und 4) im Hydraulikkreislauf erwärmt das Frischwasser des Vorspülgangs 2 in ca. 13 bis 14 min auf eine anfängliche Reinigungstemperatur von ca. 510C. Dadurch erwärmt sich auch das Spülgut 28 in der Spülkammer 14. Im anschließenden Reinigungsgang 6 wird das erwärmte und mit Reinigungsmittel versehene Spülflotte umgewälzt, wodurch das Spülgut 28 im Wesentlichen gereinigt wird.Fig. 1 shows the known operations in a dishwasher with self-heat drying. They include a prewash 2, a heating phase 4, a Cleaning cycle 6, an intermediate rinse 8, a rinse 10 and a final drying operations 12. In the pre-rinse 2 cold fresh water (about 3.4 - 3.9 I) is supplied and for a preset period of about 15 minutes by a circulation pump 20 through the rinsing chamber 14 (see Figures 3 and 4) circulated. A heating device 56 (see Figures 3 and 4) in the hydraulic circuit heats the fresh water of Vorspülgangs 2 in about 13 to 14 min to an initial cleaning temperature of about 51 0 C. This also heats the dishes 28 in the washing chamber 14. In the subsequent Cleaning cycle 6, the heated and provided with detergent rinsing fluid is circulated, whereby the wash ware 28 is substantially cleaned.
Zwischen dem Reinigungsgang 6 und dem Zwischenspülgang 8 wird die Spülflotte aus der Spülkammer 14 abgepumpt und sauberes, kaltes Frischwasser zugeführt. Das Frischwasser wird während des Zwischenspülgangs 8 für eine Zeitdauer von ca. 5 min umgewälzt und erwärmt sich dabei vor allem durch Kontakt mit bzw. durch Wärmeübertragung von dem aus dem Reinigungsgang 6 noch warmen Spülgut 28 und ggf. einen Wärmetauscher 38 (Fig. 4). Zum Wechsel vom Zwischenspülgang 8 in den nachfolgenden Klarspülgang 10 wird das Zwischenspül-Wasser aus der Spülkammer 14 abgepumpt und erneut kaltes Frischwasser zugeführt.Between the cleaning cycle 6 and the intermediate rinse 8, the rinsing solution is pumped out of the rinsing chamber 14 and fed clean, cold fresh water. The fresh water is circulated during the intermediate rinse 8 for a period of about 5 min and is heated above all by contact with or by heat transfer from the still warm dishes 28 and possibly a heat exchanger 38 (FIG. 4). , To change from the intermediate rinse 8 in the subsequent rinse cycle 10, the intermediate rinse water is pumped out of the rinsing chamber 14 and fed again cold fresh water.
In herkömmlichen Geschirrspülmaschinen mit Eigenwärmetrocknung wird das zugeführte, kalte Frischwasser im Klarspülgang 10 während einer vorbestimmten, fest eingestellten Zeit, z. B. ca. 15 min, umgewälzt und dabei mit einer vorbestimmten, festen Heizleistung auf die Anfangstemperatur T0 für den abschließenden Trocknungsvorgang 12, z. B. auf ca. 65°C, erhitzt.In conventional dishwashers with self-heat drying, the supplied, cold fresh water in the rinse cycle 10 during a predetermined, fixed time, z. B. about 15 min, circulated and thereby with a predetermined, fixed heating power to the initial temperature T 0 for the final drying process 12, z. B. to about 65 ° C, heated.
Fig. 2 veranschaulicht den zeitlichen Verlauf der charakteristischen Temperatur bzw. die Zeitabhängigkeit der Temperatur in der Spülkammer für verschiedene Beladungen während des Klarspülgangs 10 und des Trocknungsgangs 12. Die mittlere Kurve in Fig. 2 zeigt den Temperaturverlauf in der Spülkammer für eine definierte Standardbeladung Bstandard- Die obere bzw. untere Kurve in Fig. 2 repräsentiert den Temperaturverlauf in der Spülkammer, die sich bei einer für eine im Vergleich zur Standardbeladung Bstandard höheren Beladung B+ := Bstandard +AB bzw. einer niedrigeren Beladung B- := Bstandard -AB einstellt. Durch die Zufuhr von Heizenergie steigt die Temperatur in der Spülkammer 14 und damit auch die Temperatur des Spülguts 28 während des Klarspülgangs 10 im Wesentlichen proportional mit der Zeit t. Der in Fig. 2 gezeigte, weniger als proportionale Temperaturanstieg sind Folge von Wärmeübertragsverlusten, unter anderem durch die Wände der Spülkammer 14 und durch die Beladungstür 16 hindurch.2 illustrates the time characteristic of the temperature in the rinsing chamber for different loadings during the rinse cycle 10 and the drying cycle 12. The middle curve in FIG. 2 shows the temperature curve in the rinsing chamber for a defined standard load Bsta n . da r d- the upper and lower curve in Figure 2 represents the temperature profile in the washing chamber, which is at a higher for a compared to the standard load B st a n as r d loading B +: = B st a n as r d + AB or a lower loading B: = B st a n as r d -AB sets. The supply of heating energy increases the temperature in the rinsing chamber 14 and thus also the temperature of the washware 28 during the rinse cycle 10 substantially in proportion to the time t. The less than proportional increase in temperature shown in FIG. 2 is due to heat transfer losses, inter alia through the walls of the washing chamber 14 and through the loading door 16.
Für die Standardbeladung Bstandard wird die Temperatur während der Aufheizphase im Klarspülgang 10 entsprechend der mittleren Kurve in Fig. 2 bis auf eine Anfangstemperatur To standard geregelt. Unmittelbar danach beginnt der Eigenwärmetrocknungsgang 12, also das vollständige Verdampfen des Wasserfilms auf dem Spülgut. Wurde eine höhere oder geringere Beladung detektiert, ist ein entsprechend größerer bzw. kleinerer Heizenergieeintrag für das Eigenwärmetrocknen erforderlich. Dementsprechend wird die Temperatur während der Aufheizphase auf eine höhere bzw. niedrigere Anfangstemperatur T0+ΔT bzw. T0-AT für den Eigenwärmetrocknungsgang 12 eingestellt.For the standard loading B standard , the temperature during the heating phase in the final rinse cycle 10 is regulated according to the middle curve in FIG. 2 to an initial temperature To standard . Immediately thereafter begins the Eigenwärmetrocknungsgang 12, so the complete evaporation of the water film on the dishes. If a higher or lower load was detected, a correspondingly larger or smaller heating energy input is required for the self-heat drying. Accordingly, during the heating phase, the temperature is set to a higher or lower initial temperature T 0 + ΔT or T 0 -AT for the self-heat drying cycle 12.
Mit dem Abschalten der Heizleistung, die der umgewälzten Spülflotte während des Klarspülgangs 10 zugeführt wird, beginnt der Trocknungsgang 12. Die Temperatur in der Spülkammer verläuft im Wesentlichen entsprechend einer abfallenden Exponentialfunktion. Währenddessen verdampft ein auf dem Spülgut 28 vorhandener Feuchtigkeitsfilm und kondensiert auf einer Kondensationsfläche. Zu einem Zeitpunkt t12 wird als charakteristisches Merkmal eine Temperatur T12 erreicht, die sich anschließend nur noch unwesentlich ändert und das Erreichen eines im Wesentlichen asymptotischen Zustands markiert. Dann ist der Feuchtigkeitsfilm auf dem Spülgut 28 vollständig verdampft und der Trocknungsvorgang 12 kann beendet werden. Da das Erreichen des Zeitpunkts t12 von der Beladung abhängig ist, ist ihre Erfassung für die Regelung des Trocknungsvorgangs hinsichtlich Energieeintrag und Zeitverlauf von wesentlicher Bedeutung.With the switching off of the heating power, which is supplied to the circulated rinsing liquor during the rinse cycle 10, the drying cycle 12 begins. The temperature in the rinsing chamber runs essentially in accordance with a decreasing exponential function. In the meantime, a moisture film present on the washware 28 evaporates and condenses on a condensation surface. At a time t 12 , a temperature T 12 is reached as a characteristic feature, which subsequently changes only insignificantly and marks the achievement of an essentially asymptotic state. Then, the moisture film on the washware 28 is completely evaporated and the drying process 12 can be terminated. Since the achievement of the time t 12 depends on the load, their detection is essential for the control of the drying process in terms of energy input and time course.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Zeitabhängigkeit T1 (t) einer tatsächlichen Temperatur T1 in der Spülkammer während der Abkühlphase des Reinigungsgangs 6, also der Temperaturverlauf über der Zeit t, erfasst. Daraus wird die Wärmekapazität der Beladung als Maß für die tatsächliche Beladung B,st gewonnen. Die Zeitabhängigkeit T1 (t) der Temperatur während der Abkühlphase folgt im Wesentlichen einer in der Zeit t exponentiellen Funktion Tl(t) -C (t-t0)According to the invention, the time dependence T1 (t) of an actual temperature T1 in the rinsing chamber during the cooling phase of the cleaning cycle 6, ie the temperature profile over the time t, is detected. From this, the heat capacity of the load is obtained as a measure of the actual load B, st . The time dependence T1 (t) of the temperature during the cooling phase essentially follows an exponential function in time t Tl (t) -C (tt 0 )
(1 )(1 )
Dabei stellt CgΘS = C(B131) + C(Wasser) die gesamte Wärmekapazität dar, die als die Summe der Wärmekapazität C(B|St) der aktuellen Beladung B|St und der Wärmekapazität C(Wasser) des umgewälzten Wassers aufgefasst wird. t0 ist die Zeit, zu der die Abkühlphase beginnt. Die Wärmekapazität C(Wasser) der umgewälzten Spülflotte hängt ab von der eingelassenen Wassermenge, die beim Befüllen der Spülkammer mit Frischwasser gemessen wird. Die Gesamtwärmekapazität CgΘS wird durch Anpassen einer Fit-Funktion an die Abkühlkurve T1 (t) mit CgΘS als Fit-Parameter bestimmt. Schließlich wird die Wärmekapazitätsänderung C(B|St) durch die aktuelle Beladung B|St durch Subtraktion der gemessenen Wärmekapazität C(Wasser) von der aus der Abkühlkurve T1 (t) hergeleiteten Gesamtwärmekapazität CgΘS berechnet.C gΘS = C (B 131 ) + C (water) represents the total heat capacity, which is the sum of the heat capacity C (B | St ) of the current load B | St and the heat capacity C (water) of the circulated water is considered. t 0 is the time when the cooling phase begins. The heat capacity C (water) of the circulated rinsing liquor depends on the amount of water introduced, which is measured when filling the rinsing chamber with fresh water. The total heat capacity C gΘS is determined by fitting a fit function to the cooling curve T1 (t) with C gΘS as fit parameter. Finally, the heat capacity change C (B | St ) by the current load B | St calculated by subtracting the measured heat capacity C (water) from the total heat capacity C gΘS derived from the cooling curve T1 (t).
Gemäß einer alternativen Ausführungsform der Erfindung zum Bestimmen der Wärmekapazitätsänderung durch die Beladung wird die sich im Zwischenspülgang 8 einstellende Mischungstemperatur gemessen. Dazu wird eine Funktion an die Zeitabhängigkeit der im Zwischenspülgang 8 gemessenen Temperatur durch Fitten angepasst und daraus die sich nach dem Zuführen des kalten Frischwassers zu Beginn des Zwischenspülgangs 8 durch Temperaturausgleich mit dem aus dem Reinigungsgang 6 noch warmen Spülgut 28 einstellende Mischungstemperatur als asymptotischer Näherungswert der Temperatur-Zeit-Abhängigkeit im Zwischenspülgang 8 unter Verwendung bekannter mathematischer Gleichungen bzw. Modelle für die kaloriemetrische Temperaturmischung bestimmt.According to an alternative embodiment of the invention for determining the change in heat capacity through the loading, the mixing temperature which occurs in the intermediate rinse 8 is measured. For this purpose, a function is adapted to the time dependency of the measured in the intermediate rinse 8 temperature by fitting and from the after mixing the cold fresh water at the beginning of the Zwischenspülgangs 8 by temperature compensation with the cleaning cycle 6 still warm Spülgut 28 adjusting mixture temperature as an asymptotic approximation of the temperature Time dependence in the intermediate rinse 8 determined using known mathematical equations or models for calorimetric temperature mixing.
Der in Fig. 3 gezeigte Geschirrspülautomat umfasst eine Spülkammer 14, in der das Spülgut 28 in einem Beladungskorb 30 platziert ist, eine an die Spülkammer 14 angeschlagene Beladungstür 16, einen in der Spülkammer 14 drehbar angeordnetenThe dishwashing machine shown in FIG. 3 comprises a rinsing chamber 14 in which the items to be washed 28 are placed in a loading basket 30, a loading door 16 attached to the rinsing chamber 14, and a rotatably arranged in the rinsing chamber 14
Wassersprüh-Dreharm 24, eine unterhalb einer Bodenwand 19 der Spülkammer 14 angeordnete Umwälzpumpe 20 zum Umwälzen der Spüllauge, einen Zulauf 22a, der dieWater spray rotary arm 24, a arranged below a bottom wall 19 of the washing chamber 14 circulating pump 20 for circulating the rinsing liquor, an inlet 22 a, the
Umwälzpumpe 20 mit dem Wassersprüh-Dreharm 24 verbindet, einen Ablauf 22b in der Bodenwand 19 der Spülkammer 14, der mit einer Ansaugseite der Umwälzpumpe 20 verbunden ist, eine Heizvorrichtung 56 am Zulauf 22a zum Aufheizen des umgewälztenCirculation pump 20 connects to the water spray rotary arm 24, a drain 22b in the bottom wall 19 of the washing chamber 14, which is connected to a suction side of the circulation pump 20, a heater 56 at the inlet 22a for heating the circulated
Wassers, einen ersten Temperaturfühler 32 und einen zweiten Temperaturfühler 34, eine Regelungseinheit 58 zum Regeln der Arbeitsgänge und Vorrichtungen des Geschirrspülautomaten und zum Auslesen und Auswerten der Messsignale der Temperaturfühler 32, 34, eine Anschlussleitung 48 für die Zufuhr von Frischwasser, eine Ablaufleitung 52 zum Abführen verbrauchter Spüllauge sowie eine Heizeinrichtung 56 am Zulauf 22a mit einer Steuerleitung 56s zur Regelungseinheit 58.Water, a first temperature sensor 32 and a second temperature sensor 34, a Control unit 58 for controlling the operations and devices of the dishwasher and for reading and evaluating the measurement signals of the temperature sensor 32, 34, a connecting line 48 for the supply of fresh water, a drain line 52 for discharging spent rinse liquor and a heater 56 at the inlet 22a with a control line 56s to the control unit 58.
Der erste Temperaturfühler 32 ist in der Umwälzpumpe 20 angeordnet und dient zum Erfassen der Temperatur T1 des Wassers bzw. der Spüllauge im Umwälzkreislauf. Er kann jedoch auch an anderen Positionen im Umwälzkreislauf, wie etwa im Zulauf 22a, im Ablauf 22b oder in einer Vertiefung in der Bodenwand der Spülkammer 14 in der Nähe der Öffnung des Ablaufs 22b angeordnet sein. Der zweite Temperaturfühler 34 ist in Kontakt mit der innenseitigen Wand, d. h. der der Spülkammer 14 zugewandten Wand der Beladungstür 16 angeordnet und dient zum Erfassen einer für die Temperatur einer kalten Fläche in der Spülkammer 14 charakteristischen Referenz-Temperatur T2. Er kann auch zum Beispiel in einem Bedienpaneel 18 in der Beladungstemperatur 16 angeordnet sein.The first temperature sensor 32 is arranged in the circulation pump 20 and serves to detect the temperature T1 of the water or the rinsing liquor in the circulation circuit. However, it may also be disposed at other positions in the circulation circuit, such as in the inlet 22a, in the drain 22b or in a depression in the bottom wall of the washing chamber 14 in the vicinity of the opening of the drain 22b. The second temperature sensor 34 is in contact with the inside wall, d. H. arranged the washing chamber 14 facing wall of the loading door 16 and serves to detect a characteristic of the temperature of a cold surface in the washing chamber 14 reference temperature T2. It may also be arranged, for example, in an operating panel 18 in the loading temperature 16.
Der Temperaturfühler 32 in der Umwälzpumpe 20 erfasst einen Temperaturverlauf der Spüllauge über die Zeit und gibt die Daten an die Regelungseinrichtung 58 weiter. Die Temperatur der Spüllauge ist zum einen durch die Ausgangstemperatur des Frischwassers aus der Leitung der Hausinstallation bestimmt. Da das Frischwasser zunächst in die Umwälzpumpe 20 gelangt, bevor es weitergepumpt wird, kann der Fühler 32 seine Temperatur erfassen. Die dem Frischwasser im Weiteren zugeführte Heizleistung ist ebenfalls bekannt. Weitgehend konstant oder von zumindest nur relativ geringem Einfluss sind die Energieverluste über die Leitung 22a und die Wandungen der Spülkammer 14. Somit kann die Regelungseinrichtung 58 die Temperatur der Spüllauge bei Eintritt in die Spülkammer 14 vor Auftreffen auf das Spülgut 28 ermitteln.The temperature sensor 32 in the circulation pump 20 detects a temperature profile of the rinsing eye over time and passes the data to the control device 58 on. The temperature of the flushing eye is determined on the one hand by the outlet temperature of the fresh water from the line of the house installation. Since the fresh water first enters the circulation pump 20 before it is pumped further, the sensor 32 can detect its temperature. The fresh water further supplied heating power is also known. The energy losses via the line 22a and the walls of the rinsing chamber 14 are largely constant or of at least relatively little influence. Thus, the regulating device 58 can determine the temperature of the rinsing eye when it enters the rinsing chamber 14 before it hits the ware 28.
Einen weiteren Einfluss auf die Temperatur der Spüllauge hat die Temperatur des Spülguts 28, an dem sich die Spüllauge aufwärmen oder abkühlen kann. Beim mehrmaligen Umwälzen der Lauge etwa während der Aufheizphase 4 (vgl. Fig. 1 ) erhält die Lauge nach jedem Ablauf aus der Spülkammer 14 eine geringere Temperatur als sie sie im Zulauf 22a aufwies, weil sie sich am Spülgut 28 abkühlt. Sowohl aus der erfassten Temperaturdifferenz zwischen der der Spülkammer 14 zufließenden und der abfließenden Lauge als auch aus der Änderung dieser Temperaturdifferenz über die Zeit kann die Regelungseinrichtung 58 auf den Grad der Beladung der Spülkammer 14 schließen. Bei einer geringeren Menge an Spülgut 28 liegt eine geringere Wärmekapazität in der Spülkammer 14 vor, wodurch die Lauge weniger abgekühlt wird. Das Spülgut 28 heizt sich also schneller auf, weshalb die Aufheizphase 4 verkürzt oder die Leistung der Heizung 56 reduziert werden kann. Bei einer höheren Beladung ist umgekehrt eine Verlängerung der Aufheizphase 4 oder eine Erhöhung der Heizleistung erforderlich.Another influence on the temperature of the rinse liquor is the temperature of the washware 28 at which the rinse liquor can warm up or cool down. When the liquor is circulated several times, for example during the heating phase 4 (see FIG. 1), the liquor receives a lower temperature after each run out of the washing chamber 14 than it had in the inlet 22a, because it cools down on the washware 28. Both from the detected temperature difference between the rinsing chamber 14 flowing and the effluent liquor and from the change in this temperature difference over time, the Control device 58 on the degree of loading of the washing chamber 14 close. With a smaller amount of items to be washed 28 is a lower heat capacity in the washing chamber 14, whereby the liquor is cooled less. The ware 28 heats up so faster, which is why the heating phase 4 shortened or the power of the heater 56 can be reduced. Conversely, at a higher load, an extension of the heating phase 4 or an increase in the heating power is required.
Alternativ oder zusätzlich, nämlich um die Datengrundlage der Regelungseinheit 58 zur Ermittlung der Beladung zu verbessern, kann ein zweiter Temperaturfühler 34 an bzw. in der Beladungstür 16 angebracht sein. Die Beladungstür 16 stellt eine relativ kühle Kondensationsfläche im Trocknungsgang 12 durch Eigenwärme dar. Das im vorausgegangenen Klarspülgang 10 erhitzte Spülgut 28 verdunstet die an ihm haftende Feuchtigkeit, die an der Beladungstür 16 als kühler Kondensationsfläche niederschlägt. Auch der Verlauf der Temperatur der Kondensationsfläche ist ein Indiz für den Grad der Beladung der Spülkammer 14. Denn eine größere Menge an Spülgut 28 kann eine entsprechend höhere Menge an Feuchtigkeit an seiner Oberfläche binden. Die daraufhin einsetzende Kondensation gibt eine größere Wärmemenge an der Kondensationsfläche der Beladungstür 16 ab, als es eine geringere Beladung vermag.Alternatively or additionally, namely to improve the data basis of the control unit 58 for determining the load, a second temperature sensor 34 may be attached to or in the loading door 16. The loading door 16 represents a relatively cool condensation surface in the drying cycle 12 by self-heating. The washware 28 heated in the preceding rinse cycle 10 evaporates the moisture adhering to it, which deposits on the loading door 16 as a cool condensation surface. The course of the temperature of the condensation surface is an indication of the degree of loading of the washing chamber 14. Because a larger amount of items to be washed 28 can bind a correspondingly higher amount of moisture on its surface. The subsequent onset of condensation gives off a larger amount of heat at the condensation surface of the loading door 16, as it is less loaded.
Die in Fig. 4 gezeigte zweite Ausführungsform der Geschirrspülmaschine unterscheidet sich von der in Fig. 3 gezeigten ersten Ausführung durch einen als Temperaturspeicher dienenden Wasserspeicher 38. Gleiche Elemente der ersten und zweiten Ausführungsform sind mit gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet.The second embodiment of the dishwasher shown in Fig. 4 differs from the first embodiment shown in Fig. 3 by serving as a temperature storage water reservoir 38. The same elements of the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals.
Die Geschirrspülmaschine nach Fig. 4 umfasst die mit dem steuerbaren Anschlussventil 50 versehene Anschlussleitung 48 zum Befüllen des Wärmetauschers 38 mit Frischwasser und eine Verbindungsleitung 40 zwischen dem Wärmetauscher 38 und der Umwälzpumpe 20 sowie einen im Wasserspeicher 38 angeordneten dritten Temperaturfühler 36 zum Erfassen der Temperatur T3 des Wassers im Wasserspeicher 38. Die Verbindungsleitung 40 wird durch das steuerbare Verbindungsventil 42 geöffnet und verschlossen. Das Ventil 42 ist über eine Leitung 42s zur Regelungseinheit 58 steuerbar. Wenn das Ventil 42 geschlossen und das Ventil 50 geöffnet ist, wird der Wasserspeicher 38 mit kaltem Frischwasser befüllt. Bei umgekehrter Ventilstellung wird er mit Wasser aus dem Umwälzkreislauf befüllt, das gegebenenfalls erwärmt sein kann. Der Wasserspeicher 38 ist in der Form eines parallel zur Seitenwand der Spülkammer 14 angeordneten Behälters ausgebildet und liegt an der Seitenwand an. Der dritte Temperaturfühler 36 ist in Kontakt mit der der Spülkammer 14 zugewandten Wand des Wasserspeichers 38 angeordnet. Zum Verbessern der Effizienz der Wärmetrocknung wird der Wasserspeicher 38 während des Trocknungsgangs 12 mit kaltem Frischwasser befüllt. Dadurch wird die dem Wasserspeicher 38 zugewandte Seitenwand der Spülkammer 14 zu einer gekühlten Kondensationsfläche. Der Temperaturfühler 36 erfüllt damit einerseits den gleichen Zweck wie der Fühler 34 im zuletzt beschriebenen Beispiel. Da er aber ausschließlich im Frischwasserzustrom der Umwälzpumpe 20 liegt, kann er die Ausgangstemperatur des Frischwassers mit höherer Genauigkeit erfassen als der Temperaturfühler 32. Er liefert folglich eine bessere Datengrundlage für die Ermittlung der Beladung durch die Regelungseinheit 58. The dishwasher according to FIG. 4 comprises the connection line 48 provided with the controllable connection valve 50 for filling the heat exchanger 38 with fresh water and a connection line 40 between the heat exchanger 38 and the circulation pump 20 and a third temperature sensor 36 arranged in the water storage 38 for detecting the temperature T3 of FIG Water in the water tank 38. The connecting line 40 is opened and closed by the controllable connecting valve 42. The valve 42 can be controlled via a line 42s to the control unit 58. When the valve 42 is closed and the valve 50 is opened, the water reservoir 38 is filled with cold fresh water. In reverse valve position, it is filled with water from the circulation, which may be heated if necessary. The water reservoir 38 is formed in the shape of a container arranged parallel to the side wall of the washing chamber 14 and abuts against the side wall. The third temperature sensor 36 is arranged in contact with the washing chamber 14 facing the wall of the water reservoir 38. To improve the efficiency of the heat drying of the water tank 38 is filled during the drying cycle 12 with cold fresh water. As a result, the water tank 38 facing side wall of the washing chamber 14 to a cooled condensation surface. The temperature sensor 36 thus fulfills the one hand, the same purpose as the sensor 34 in the last example described. However, since it lies exclusively in the fresh water inflow of the circulating pump 20, it can detect the outlet temperature of the fresh water with a higher accuracy than the temperature sensor 32. It thus provides a better data basis for determining the loading by the control unit 58.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
2 Vorspülgang / vorspülen2 prewash / pre-rinse
4 Aufheizphase / aufheizen4 heating phase / heat up
6 Reinigungsgang / reinigen 8 Zwischenspülgang / zwischenspülen6 Cleaning cycle / cleaning 8 Intermediate rinse / intermediate rinsing
10 Klarspülgang / klarspülen10 rinse cycle / rinse
12 Trocknungsgang / trocknen12 drying cycle / drying
14 Spülkammer14 rinsing chamber
16 Beladungstür 18 Bedienpaneel16 Loading door 18 Control panel
19 Bodenplatte19 base plate
20 Umwälzpumpe20 circulation pump
20s Steuerleitung für Umwälzpumpe20s control line for circulation pump
22a Zulauf 22b Ablauf22a inlet 22b drain
24 Wassersprüh-Dreharm24 water spray rotary arm
28 Spülgut28 items to be washed
30 Beladungskorb30 loading basket
32 erster Temperaturfühler (Umwälzkreislauf) 34 zweiter Temperaturfühler Kondensationsfläche (z.B. Beladungstür)32 first temperature sensor (circulating circuit) 34 second temperature sensor condensing surface (for example loading door)
36 dritter Temperaturfühler (Wärmetauscher)36 third temperature sensor (heat exchanger)
38 Wärmetauscher38 heat exchangers
40 Verbindungsleitung40 connection line
42 Verbindungsventil 42s Steuerleitung für Verbindungsventil42 connection valve 42s control line for connection valve
44 Anschluss44 connection
48 Anschlussleitung48 connecting cable
52 Ablaufleitung52 drain line
56 Heizvorrichtung 56s Steuerleitung für Heizvorrichtung56 heater 56s Control cable for heater
58 Regelungseinheit 58 control unit

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. Verfahren zur Erfassung der beladungsbedingten Wärmekapazitätsänderung eines wasserführenden Haushaltsgeräts, insbesondere einer Geschirrspülmaschine, zum Optimieren eines Trocknungsvorgangs, gekennzeichnet durch Erfassen eines1. A method for detecting the load-related heat capacity change of a water-conducting household appliance, in particular a dishwasher, for optimizing a drying process, characterized by detecting a
Temperaturverlaufs während des Abkühlens des Spülguts.Temperature course during the cooling of the dishes.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf von Spülflotte, insbesondere von Spülflotte in einem Umwälzkreislauf, erfasst wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the temperature profile of wash liquor, in particular of wash liquor in a circulation circuit, is detected.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf an einer Kondensationsfläche, insbesondere an einer Beladungstür (16), erfasst wird.3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature profile at a condensation surface, in particular at a loading door (16) is detected.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf an einem Wasserspeicher (38) erfasst wird.4. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the temperature profile is detected at a water reservoir (38).
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf nach einem Mischungsvorgang von Spülflotte mit Frischwasser erfasst wird, insbesondere durch Erfassen des Temperaturverlauf von Spülflotte im5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the temperature profile is detected after a mixing operation of rinsing water with fresh water, in particular by detecting the temperature profile of rinsing in the
Umwälzkreislauf und/oder durch Erfassen des Temperaturverlaufs an einer Kondensationsfläche, insbesondere an einer Beladungstür (16) oder durch Erfassen des Temperaturverlaufs an einem Wasserspeicher (38).Circulation cycle and / or by detecting the temperature profile at a condensation surface, in particular at a loading door (16) or by detecting the temperature profile at a water reservoir (38).
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf während einer vorgegebenen Zeitdauer erfasst wird.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the temperature profile is detected during a predetermined period of time.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Temperaturintervalls erfasst wird.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the temperature profile is detected within a predetermined temperature interval.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf kontinuierlich oder in vorgegebenen Intervallen erfasst wird. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the temperature profile is detected continuously or at predetermined intervals.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Temperaturverlauf während einer Aufheizphase von Spülflotte erfasst wird.9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the temperature profile is detected during a heating phase of wash liquor.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, gekennzeichnet durch Erfassen eines Temperaturverlaufs während einer Aufheizphase von Spülflotte.10. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized by detecting a temperature profile during a heating phase of wash liquor.
11. Wasserführendes Haushaltsgerät, insbesondere Geschirrspülmaschine, wenigstens aufweisend Mittel zur Erfassung des beladungsbedingten Speichervermögens thermischer Energie, gekennzeichnet durch Mittel (32, 34, 36) zum Erfassen eines Temperaturverlaufs während des Abkühlens des Spülgut. 11. Water-conducting household appliance, in particular dishwashing machine, comprising at least means for detecting the loading-related storage capacity of thermal energy, characterized by means (32, 34, 36) for detecting a temperature profile during the cooling of the dishes.
EP08860453A 2007-12-11 2008-11-11 Method for detecting a load-related change in thermal capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance Active EP2230984B1 (en)

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DE102007059517A DE102007059517A1 (en) 2007-12-11 2007-12-11 Method for detecting a load-related heat capacity change of a water-conducting household appliance
PCT/EP2008/065295 WO2009074415A1 (en) 2007-12-11 2008-11-11 Method for detecting a load-related change in thermal capacity of a water-bearing domestic appliance

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WO2009074415A1 (en) 2009-06-18
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US20100258145A1 (en) 2010-10-14
DE102007059517A1 (en) 2009-06-18
PL2230984T3 (en) 2013-06-28
ES2400151T3 (en) 2013-04-05

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