EP2226892B1 - Laminar antenna with at least two emitter sections for sending and/or receiving high frequency signals - Google Patents

Laminar antenna with at least two emitter sections for sending and/or receiving high frequency signals Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2226892B1
EP2226892B1 EP09012961.0A EP09012961A EP2226892B1 EP 2226892 B1 EP2226892 B1 EP 2226892B1 EP 09012961 A EP09012961 A EP 09012961A EP 2226892 B1 EP2226892 B1 EP 2226892B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
support
antenna element
coil
electrically conductive
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EP09012961.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2226892A1 (en
Inventor
Markus Pfletschinger
Bernd Schwarz
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Hirschmann Car Communication GmbH
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Hirschmann Car Communication GmbH
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Publication of EP2226892A1 publication Critical patent/EP2226892A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3266—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle using the mirror of the vehicle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
    • H01Q9/42—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole with folded element, the folded parts being spaced apart a small fraction of the operating wavelength

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna having at least two radiator sections for transmitting and / or receiving high-frequency signals, wherein the antenna further comprises a ground connection, according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • rod-shaped antennas known as so-called quarter-wave bars, which have at least two radiator sections for transmitting and / or receiving high-frequency signals, wherein furthermore a ground connection is present.
  • CB Citizen Band
  • a special application is known in the United States with rod-shaped antennas on trucks, in which such rod-shaped antennas are arranged and fixed on the roof of the cab. This arrangement is very difficult to access, so that a required tuning operation of the antenna, for which a fixed and a variable radiator section are present, can be performed only very complicated and laborious.
  • such antennas disrupt the overall appearance and aerodynamics of a vehicle, especially the truck, while still being limited in their performance.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the disadvantages described above, in particular to increase the performance of the antenna while improving the possibility of arrangement on a vehicle, without the manufacturing and assembly costs increases unnecessarily.
  • a first radiator section arranged on a flat carrier is formed flat and a further radiator section likewise on the planar carrier is meander-shaped, wherein the at least two radiator sections are electrically connected to one another via a coil likewise arranged on the carrier.
  • the overall planar design of the antenna has the advantage that it can be integrated in a desired installation location in or on the vehicle, so that the appearance of the vehicle is no longer disturbed by the presence of the planar antenna according to the invention.
  • the height or Length of the planar antenna compared to a comparable rod-shaped antenna significantly reduced, so that only a reduced space height for the planar antenna is required.
  • Due to the planar design of the antenna the broadbandity of the antenna according to the invention compared to rod-shaped tunable antennas is significantly increased. Thus, a vote of the antenna for the operating case is not necessary.
  • the design of the first radiator section as a planar radiator section on the likewise flat carrier has the advantage that the performance of the antenna according to the invention is significantly increased, so that in particular during operation of the antenna in conjunction with powerful boosters ("booster") damage, especially by heat The antenna is effectively avoided. This is accompanied by significant increases in performance of the antenna, so that improved reception or greater ranges are possible.
  • the meander-shaped configuration of the second adjoining radiator section also has the advantage that it significantly increases the overall height or the length of the antenna while at the same time increasing performance and eliminating tuning because of its broadband.
  • one of the two radiator sections are formed by an electrically conductive material printed on the carrier.
  • the printing of the electrically conductive material on the support has the advantage that the desired structures (flat or meandering) can be realized in a simple manner in a corresponding printing process, such as a screen printing process. In addition, such a printing process can be very fast and Run rationally, so that the production cost is significantly reduced.
  • electrically conductive materials such as pastes, preferably silver polymer pastes
  • other application methods such as spraying
  • the material of the carrier and the applied there electrically conductive material are coordinated so that the applied electrically conductive material sufficiently and permanently enters into a connection with the carrier, so that a detachment during the life of the antenna is avoided.
  • the coil which electrically connects the two radiator sections to one another is also formed by the electrically conductive material printed on the carrier.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as far as shown in detail, the embodiment of a planar antenna 1 according to the invention, which has a flat carrier 2.
  • the flat carrier 2 may be a rigid or flexible material, preferably it is a rigid or bendable plastic film. Also conceivable are other materials for the carrier 2, such as an epoxy resin plate or the like.
  • the ground terminal is formed as a development of the invention as a ground surface 3, which is formed by an electrically conductive and printed on the support 2 material.
  • the radiator section 4 at its one end on the input side in a spiral surface arranged on the carrier 2 coil 6 via.
  • the coil 6 can be electrically connected at its other end to the other radiator section 5, is provided in a further development of the invention that the radiator section 4 is connected via an electrical connection 7 on the input side with the spiral surface arranged on the carrier 2 coil 6.
  • This electrical connection 7 between the one input of the coil 6 and the radiator section 4 can be realized, for example, by a piece of electrical conductor having a cable sheath and exposed at its two ends, wherein the one end of the electrical conductor with the radiator section 4 and is electrically contacted with its other end to the input of the coil 6.
  • This contacting can be done for example by a soldering process, a bonding process with an electrically conductive adhesive or the like.
  • the electrical connection 7 with the interposition of an insulating layer of the inner the coil 6 extends to the first radiator section 4 and is formed by an electrically conductive and printed on the insulating layer and the carrier 2 material.
  • This insulating layer can also be applied in an advantageous manner on the support 2 and the already applied areas of the coil 6, wherein only then applied the electrically conductive material for the realization of the electrical connection 7, preferably printed again, is.
  • the electrical connection 7 extends from a tapered end of the radiator section 4 to the inner entrance of the coil 6, while the outer end of the coil 6 passes directly into the meandering radiator section 5. It should be mentioned that as a functionally same alternative can also be thought that the outer input of the coil 6 is connected to the radiator section 4, also in particular with its tapered end, whereas the inner end of the coil 6 via the electrical connection 7 is connected to the one end (input) of the meandering radiator section 5.
  • the planar radiator section 4 may have one or more recesses 8, whatever the design, without thereby altering or restricting the performance or wideband nature of the antenna 1 becomes.
  • the in the FIG. 1 shown shape and number of recesses 8 is only an example and can be varied.
  • the radiator section 4 is formed completely material-filling surface (without recesses).
  • the inner conductor of the high-frequency cable is thereby contacted with the radiator section 4 and the ground conductor of the high-frequency cable (for example, a shielding braid) with the ground surface 3.
  • This can be done for example by soldering, crimping, gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive, laser or ultrasonic welding or the like.
  • this region can be provided with a cover.
  • This cover may for example be a housing part, which consists of a plastic material and is formed over the connection region 9 in the direction of the radiator portion 4 and the ground surface 3 reaching.
  • the high-frequency cable for the purpose of strain relief can also be additionally determined by further measures, in particular a second extrusion coating, on the carrier 2 of the antenna 1.
  • elongated rectangular shape of the antenna 1 is particularly advantageous if this two-dimensional antenna 1 is integrated in an exterior mirror of a truck.
  • This means that the geometric extension of the antenna 1 is selected so that it is adapted to the installation or installation space.
  • the installation of such a surface-shaped antenna 1 according to the invention in an exterior mirror is therefore of particular advantage, because it is no longer visible from the outside after their installation and wiring and therefore does not bother the overall appearance of the vehicle.
  • the geometric shapes of the ground plane 3, of the planar radiator section 4 and of the meandering radiator section 5 as well as the width and height of the carrier 2 are readily the frequency ranges in which the antenna 1 is to transmit or receive, and / or the installation can be adjusted without restricting the simple design, the broadband and the performance of the antenna 1. So is in the in FIG. 1 In the embodiment shown, the first radiator section 4 is L-shaped, because this has the advantage that the coil 6 can be arranged in its recess in order to promote the compactness. However, this does not mean that other geometric configurations of the radiator section 4, such as round, square, rectangular, arcuate or other extensions, are excluded.
  • the coil 6 with respect to the wide legs of the U-shaped radiator section 4 significantly thinner spiral turns.
  • planar antenna as an antenna for transmitting and receiving high-frequency signals in the frequency range of the CB radio.
  • the planar antenna according to the invention in the said frequency range around 27 MHz, the advantages that the overall height is significantly reduced that due to the flat design a better Heat radiation is given (resulting in a simultaneous increase in the performance of the antenna), that improved aerodynamics of the vehicle is given (in particular, if advantageously the planar antenna in an exterior mirror of a vehicle, in particular a truck, is integrated) and that the planar antenna compared to the known rod antennas has a significantly increased broadband due to the radiator elements and the tuning measures can be omitted (due to the higher broadband).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Antenne mit zumindest zwei Strahlerabschnitten zum Senden und/oder Empfangen hochfrequenter Signale, wobei die Antenne weiterhin einen Masseanschluss aufweist, gemäß den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffes des Patentanspruches 1.The invention relates to an antenna having at least two radiator sections for transmitting and / or receiving high-frequency signals, wherein the antenna further comprises a ground connection, according to the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Es sind stabförmige Antennen als so genannte Lambda-Viertelstäbe bekannt, die zumindest zwei Strahlerabschnitte zum Senden und/oder Empfangen hochfrequenter Signale aufweisen, wobei weiterhin ein Masseanschluss vorhanden ist. Solche Antennen werden z.B. für den CB-Funk (CB = Citizen Band) auf Fahrzeugen angeordnet. Ein spezieller Anwendungsfall ist bei stabförmigen Antennen auf Lastkraftwagen in den USA bekannt, bei denen solche stabförmigen Antennen auf dem Dach des Führerhauses angeordnet und befestigt werden. Diese Anordnung ist nur sehr schwer zugänglich, so dass ein erforderlicher Abstimmungsvorgang der Antenne, wozu ein fester und ein variabler Strahlerabschnitt vorhanden sind, nur sehr aufwendig und mühsam durchgeführt werden kann. Außerdem stören solche Antennen das Gesamterscheinungsbild und die Aerodynamik eines Fahrzeuges, insbesondere des Lastkraftwagens (LKW), wobei sie weiterhin in ihrer Leistungsfähigkeit eingeschränkt sind. Der größte Hauptnachteil besteht darin, dass lange Antennenruten auf dem LKW-Dach in Europa nur dann zulässig sind, wenn die zulässige Gesamthöhe von 4m (vier Metern) nicht überschritten wird. Meist ist aber die Fahrerkabine schon knappe 4m hoch, so dass die Antennenrute nicht auf dem Dach montiert werden darf. Eine Montage der Antennenstäbe parallel zur metallischen Kabinenrückwand oder der Kabinenfront sind oft der einzige Ausweg, was aber aus Antennensicht sehr schlecht und für die Performance der Antenne wegen Abschirmeffekten nachteilig ist. Schlechte Abstrahlung und Impedanzverstimmung sind die Folge.There are rod-shaped antennas known as so-called quarter-wave bars, which have at least two radiator sections for transmitting and / or receiving high-frequency signals, wherein furthermore a ground connection is present. Such antennas are arranged eg for the CB radio (CB = Citizen Band) on vehicles. A special application is known in the United States with rod-shaped antennas on trucks, in which such rod-shaped antennas are arranged and fixed on the roof of the cab. This arrangement is very difficult to access, so that a required tuning operation of the antenna, for which a fixed and a variable radiator section are present, can be performed only very complicated and laborious. In addition, such antennas disrupt the overall appearance and aerodynamics of a vehicle, especially the truck, while still being limited in their performance. The main drawback is that long antenna rods on the truck roof in Europe are only allowed if the permissible total height of 4m (four meters) is not exceeded. Usually, however, the cab is already scarce 4m high, so that the antenna rod may not be mounted on the roof. An assembly of the antenna rods parallel to the metallic cabin rear wall or the cabin front are often the only way out, but this is very bad from an antenna perspective and is disadvantageous for the performance of the antenna because of shielding effects. Bad radiation and impedance detuning are the result.

Dokumente WO99/25043 , JP 2 098202 , WO2008/117898 , US 2005/190109 , DE 101 50 149 , GB 2 157 633 , und DE 69 33 364 U offenbaren diverse Antennen, die flächig geformt sind. Diese bekannten Antennen sind aber nicht in der Lage alle oben geschilderten Nachteile zu vermeiden.Documents WO99 / 25043 . JP 2 098202 . WO2008 / 117898 . US 2005/190109 . DE 101 50 149 . GB 2,157,633 , and DE 69 33 364 U reveal various antennas that are shaped flat. However, these known antennas are not able to avoid all the disadvantages described above.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, die eingangs geschilderten Nachteile zu vermeiden, insbesondere die Leistungsfähigkeit der Antenne zu erhöhen bei gleichzeitig verbesserter Anordnungsmöglichkeit an einem Fahrzeug, ohne dass der Herstellungs- und Montageaufwand in unnötiger Weise steigt.The invention is therefore based on the object to avoid the disadvantages described above, in particular to increase the performance of the antenna while improving the possibility of arrangement on a vehicle, without the manufacturing and assembly costs increases unnecessarily.

Diese Aufgabe ist durch die Merkmale des Patentanspruches 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 1.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass ein auf einem flächigen Träger angeordneter erster Strahlerabschnitt flächig und ein ebenfalls auf dem flächigen Träger zumindest weiterer Strahlerabschnitt mäanderförmig ausgebildet ist, wobei die zumindest zwei Strahlerabschnitte über eine ebenfalls auf dem Träger angeordnete Spule elektrisch miteinander verbunden sind.According to the invention, it is provided that a first radiator section arranged on a flat carrier is formed flat and a further radiator section likewise on the planar carrier is meander-shaped, wherein the at least two radiator sections are electrically connected to one another via a coil likewise arranged on the carrier.

Die insgesamt flächige Gestaltung der Antenne hat den Vorteil, dass sie an einem gewünschten Einbauort in oder an dem Fahrzeug integriert werden kann, so dass durch das Vorhandensein der erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Antenne das äußere Erscheinungsbild des Fahrzeuges nicht mehr gestört wird. Durch die Kombination des flächigen mit dem mäanderförmigen Strahlerabschnittes wird die Bauhöhe bzw. -länge der flächigen Antenne gegenüber einer vergleichbaren stabförmigen Antenne deutlich reduziert, so dass auch nur noch ein reduzierte Bauraumhöhe für die flächige Antenne erforderlich ist. Durch die flächige Ausführung der Antenne wird die Breitbandigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne gegenüber stabförmigen abstimmbaren Antennen deutlich gesteigert. Somit ist eine Abstimmung der Antenne für den Betriebsfall nicht notwendig.The overall planar design of the antenna has the advantage that it can be integrated in a desired installation location in or on the vehicle, so that the appearance of the vehicle is no longer disturbed by the presence of the planar antenna according to the invention. By combining the flat with the meandering radiator section, the height or Length of the planar antenna compared to a comparable rod-shaped antenna significantly reduced, so that only a reduced space height for the planar antenna is required. Due to the planar design of the antenna, the broadbandity of the antenna according to the invention compared to rod-shaped tunable antennas is significantly increased. Thus, a vote of the antenna for the operating case is not necessary.

Die Ausgestaltung des ersten Strahlerabschnittes als flächiger Strahlerabschnitt auf dem ebenfalls flächigen Träger hat den Vorteil, dass die Leistung der erfindungsgemäßen Antenne deutlich gesteigert wird, so dass insbesondere beim Betrieb der Antenne in Verbindung mit leistungsstarken Nachverstärkern ("Booster") eine Beschädigung, insbesondere durch Hitzeeinwirkung, der Antenne wirksam vermieden wird. Damit einher gehen deutliche Leistungssteigerungen der Antenne, so dass verbesserter Empfang bzw. größere Reichweiten möglich sind. Die mäanderförmige Ausgestaltung des zweiten sich anschließenden Strahlerabschnittes hat weiterhin den Vorteil, dass dadurch die Bauhöhe oder die Länge der Antenne bei gleichzeitiger Leistungssteigerung und Entfall der Abstimmung wegen ihrer Breitbandigkeit deutlich gesteigert wird.The design of the first radiator section as a planar radiator section on the likewise flat carrier has the advantage that the performance of the antenna according to the invention is significantly increased, so that in particular during operation of the antenna in conjunction with powerful boosters ("booster") damage, especially by heat The antenna is effectively avoided. This is accompanied by significant increases in performance of the antenna, so that improved reception or greater ranges are possible. The meander-shaped configuration of the second adjoining radiator section also has the advantage that it significantly increases the overall height or the length of the antenna while at the same time increasing performance and eliminating tuning because of its broadband.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass einer der beiden Strahlerabschnitte, vorzugsweise beide Strahlerabschnitte von einem elektrisch leitfähigen und auf dem Träger aufgedruckten Material gebildet sind. Das Aufdrucken des elektrisch leitfähigen Materials auf dem Träger hat den Vorteil, dass die gewünschten Strukturen (flächig bzw. mäanderförmig) auf einfache Art und Weise in einem entsprechenden Druckverfahren, wie z.B. einem Siebdruckverfahren, realisiert werden können. Außerdem lässt sich ein solches Druckverfahren sehr schnell und rational ausführen, so dass der Herstellungsaufwand deutlich reduziert ist. Neben dem Auftrag von elektrisch leitfähigen Materialien, wie z.B. Pasten, vorzugsweise Silberpolymer-Pasten, sind auch andere Aufbringungsverfahren (wie z.B. Aufsprühen) denkbar, mit denen die gewünschten flächigen Strahlerabschnitte realisiert werden können. Dabei ist es wichtig, dass das Material des Trägers und das dort aufzubringende elektrisch leitfähige Material so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass das aufgebrachte elektrisch leitfähige Material ausreichend und dauerhaft eine Verbindung mit dem Träger eingeht, so dass ein Ablösen während der Lebensdauer der Antenne vermieden wird.In a development of the invention, it is provided that one of the two radiator sections, preferably both radiator sections, are formed by an electrically conductive material printed on the carrier. The printing of the electrically conductive material on the support has the advantage that the desired structures (flat or meandering) can be realized in a simple manner in a corresponding printing process, such as a screen printing process. In addition, such a printing process can be very fast and Run rationally, so that the production cost is significantly reduced. In addition to the application of electrically conductive materials, such as pastes, preferably silver polymer pastes, other application methods (such as spraying) are conceivable, with which the desired flat radiator sections can be realized. It is important that the material of the carrier and the applied there electrically conductive material are coordinated so that the applied electrically conductive material sufficiently and permanently enters into a connection with the carrier, so that a detachment during the life of the antenna is avoided.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung wird auch die Spule, die die beiden Strahlerabschnitte elektrisch miteinander verbindet, von dem elektrisch leitfähigen und auf dem Träger aufgedruckten Material gebildet. Hierbei gilt das gleiche, wie es in Bezug auf die Strahlerabschnitte ausgeführt worden ist.In a development of the invention, the coil which electrically connects the two radiator sections to one another is also formed by the electrically conductive material printed on the carrier. Here, the same applies as it has been carried out with respect to the radiator sections.

Weitere Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen angegeben, wobei diese Ausgestaltungen im Folgenden näher beschrieben und anhand der einzigen Figur 1 erläutert sind.Further embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims, wherein these embodiments are described in more detail below and based on the single FIG. 1 are explained.

Figur 1 zeigt, soweit im Einzelnen dargestellt, die Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Antenne 1, die einen flächigen Träger 2 aufweist. Der flächige Träger 2 kann ein starres oder flexibles Material sein, vorzugsweise handelt es sich dabei um eine starre oder biegbare Kunststofffolie. Denkbar sind auch andere Materialien für den Träger 2, wie z.B. eine Epoxid-Harz-Platte oder dergleichen. FIG. 1 shows, as far as shown in detail, the embodiment of a planar antenna 1 according to the invention, which has a flat carrier 2. The flat carrier 2 may be a rigid or flexible material, preferably it is a rigid or bendable plastic film. Also conceivable are other materials for the carrier 2, such as an epoxy resin plate or the like.

Vorzugsweise an dem einen Ende (Stirnseite) des Trägers 2 ist ein Masseanschluss vorgesehen. Bei diesem Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Masseanschluss als Weiterbildung der Erfindung als Massefläche 3 ausgebildet, der von einem elektrisch leitfähigen und auf dem Träger 2 aufgedruckten Material gebildet ist.Preferably at the one end (front side) of the carrier 2, a ground connection is provided. In this embodiment, the ground terminal is formed as a development of the invention as a ground surface 3, which is formed by an electrically conductive and printed on the support 2 material.

Weiterhin ist in dem (bei Betrachtung der Figur 1) unteren Drittel der Antenne 1 ein erster flächiger Strahlerabschnitt 4 sowie sich daran anschließend in etwa in den beiden weiteren Dritteln der Antenne 1 ein zweiter mäanderförmiger Strahlerabschnitt 5 vorhanden.Furthermore, in (considering the FIG. 1 ) lower third of the antenna 1, a first planar radiator section 4 and then thereafter, approximately in the two further thirds of the antenna 1, a second meandering radiator section 5 is present.

In Weiterbildung der Erfindung geht der Strahlerabschnitt 4 an seinem einen Ende eingangsseitig in eine spiralförmige flächig auf dem Träger 2 angeordnete Spule 6 über. Damit die Spule 6 mit ihrem anderen Ende mit dem weiteren Strahlerabschnitt 5 elektrisch verbunden werden kann, ist in Weiterbildung der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass der Strahlerabschnitt 4 über eine elektrische Verbindung 7 eingangsseitig mit der spiralförmigen flächig auf dem Träger 2 angeordneten Spule 6 verbunden ist. Diese elektrische Verbindung 7 zwischen dem einen Eingang der Spule 6 und dem Strahlerabschnitt 4 kann beispielsweise durch ein Stück eines elektrischen Leiters, der einen Kabelmantel aufweist und an seinen beiden Enden freiliegt, realisiert werden, wobei das eine Ende des elektrischen Leiters mit dem Strahlerabschnitt 4 und mit seinem anderen Ende mit dem Eingang der Spule 6 elektrisch kontaktiert wird. Diese Kontaktierung kann beispielsweise durch einen Lötvorgang, einen Klebevorgang mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Kleber oder dergleichen erfolgen.In development of the invention, the radiator section 4 at its one end on the input side in a spiral surface arranged on the carrier 2 coil 6 via. Thus, the coil 6 can be electrically connected at its other end to the other radiator section 5, is provided in a further development of the invention that the radiator section 4 is connected via an electrical connection 7 on the input side with the spiral surface arranged on the carrier 2 coil 6. This electrical connection 7 between the one input of the coil 6 and the radiator section 4 can be realized, for example, by a piece of electrical conductor having a cable sheath and exposed at its two ends, wherein the one end of the electrical conductor with the radiator section 4 and is electrically contacted with its other end to the input of the coil 6. This contacting can be done for example by a soldering process, a bonding process with an electrically conductive adhesive or the like.

In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die elektrische Verbindung 7 unter Zwischenlegung einer Isolierschicht von dem inneren der Spule 6 bis zu dem ersten Strahlerabschnitt 4 reicht und von einem elektrisch leitfähigen und auf der Isolierschicht und dem Träger 2 aufgedruckten Material gebildet ist. Das bedeutet, dass auch hier die Vorteile der einfachen Herstellung durch Aufdrucken oder dergleichen der elektrisch leitfähigen Bereiche der Antenne 1 auch für die elektrische Verbindung 7 genutzt wird. Da die elektrische Verbindung 7 über die einzelnen Windungen der spiralförmigen Spule 6 reicht, ist es zur Vermeidung von Kurzschlüssen erforderlich, zwischen den Bereichen der Spule 6, die von der elektrischen Verbindung 7 überstrichen werden, eine Isolierschicht anzuordnen. Auch diese Isolierschicht kann in vorteilhafter Weise auf dem Träger 2 und den schon aufgebrachten Bereichen der Spule 6 ebenfalls aufgebracht werden, wobei erst danach das elektrisch leitfähige Material zur Realisierung der elektrischen Verbindung 7 aufgebracht, vorzugsweise wieder aufgedruckt, wird.In an alternative embodiment of the invention it is provided that the electrical connection 7 with the interposition of an insulating layer of the inner the coil 6 extends to the first radiator section 4 and is formed by an electrically conductive and printed on the insulating layer and the carrier 2 material. This means that here too the advantages of simple production by printing or the like of the electrically conductive regions of the antenna 1 is also used for the electrical connection 7. Since the electrical connection 7 extends over the individual turns of the spiral-shaped coil 6, to avoid short-circuits it is necessary to arrange an insulating layer between the regions of the coil 6 which are swept by the electrical connection 7. This insulating layer can also be applied in an advantageous manner on the support 2 and the already applied areas of the coil 6, wherein only then applied the electrically conductive material for the realization of the electrical connection 7, preferably printed again, is.

Bei Betrachtung der Figur 1 ist erkennbar, dass die elektrische Verbindung 7 von einem spitz zulaufenden Ende des Strahlerabschnittes 4 zu dem inneren Eingang der Spule 6 reicht, während das äußere Ende der Spule 6 direkt in den mäanderförmigen Strahlerabschnitt 5 übergeht. An dieser Stelle sei erwähnt, dass als funktionsmäßig gleiche Alternative auch daran gedacht werden kann, dass der äußere Eingang der Spule 6 mit dem Strahlerabschnitt 4, ebenfalls insbesondere mit dessen spitz zulaufendem Ende verbunden wird, wohingegen das innere Ende der Spule 6 über die elektrische Verbindung 7 mit dem einen Ende (Eingang) des mäanderförmigen Strahlerabschnittes 5 verbunden ist.Looking at the FIG. 1 It can be seen that the electrical connection 7 extends from a tapered end of the radiator section 4 to the inner entrance of the coil 6, while the outer end of the coil 6 passes directly into the meandering radiator section 5. It should be mentioned that as a functionally same alternative can also be thought that the outer input of the coil 6 is connected to the radiator section 4, also in particular with its tapered end, whereas the inner end of the coil 6 via the electrical connection 7 is connected to the one end (input) of the meandering radiator section 5.

Zwecks Materialeinsparung kann der flächige Strahlerabschnitt 4 eine oder mehrere, wie auch immer gestaltete Ausnehmungen 8 aufweisen, ohne dass dadurch die Leistungsfähigkeit bzw. Breitbandigkeit der Antenne 1 verändert oder eingeschränkt wird. Die in der Figur 1 gezeigte Form und Anzahl der Ausnehmungen 8 ist nur beispielhaft und kann variiert werden. Daneben ist es selbstverständlich auch denkbar, dass der Strahlerabschnitt 4 vollständig materialfüllend flächig (ohne Ausnehmungen) ausgebildet ist.For the purpose of saving material, the planar radiator section 4 may have one or more recesses 8, whatever the design, without thereby altering or restricting the performance or wideband nature of the antenna 1 becomes. The in the FIG. 1 shown shape and number of recesses 8 is only an example and can be varied. In addition, it is of course also conceivable that the radiator section 4 is formed completely material-filling surface (without recesses).

Weiterhin weist die Antenne 1 zwischen der einen Stirnseite des Strahlerabschnittes 4 und der einen Stirnseite der Massefläche 3 einen Anschlussbereich 9 auf, wobei dort ein Hochfrequenz-Kabel, insbesondere ein Koaxial-Kabel, angeschlossen wird. Der Innenleiter des Hochfrequenz-Kabels wird dabei mit dem Strahlerabschnitt 4 und der Masseleiter des Hochfrequenz-Kabels (beispielsweise ein Abschirmgeflecht) mit der Massefläche 3 kontaktiert. Dies kann beispielsweise durch Verlöten, Vercrimpen, Verkleben mit einem elektrisch leitfähigen Kleber, Laser- oder Ultraschallschweißen oder dergleichen erfolgen. Um das offen liegende Ende des Hochfrequenz-Kabels, das an dem Strahlerabschnitt 4 und an der Massefläche 3 angeschlossen ist, vor äußeren Störeinflüssen (insbesondere Schmutzpartikeln und Feuchtigkeit, die zu einer Beeinträchtigung der Funktion der Antenne 1 führen können) zu schützen, kann dieser Bereich mit einer Abdeckung versehen werden. Diese Abdeckung kann beispielsweise ein Gehäuseteil sein, welches aus einem Kunststoffmaterial besteht und über dem Anschlussbereich 9 bis in Richtung des Strahlerabschnittes 4 und der Massefläche 3 reichend ausgebildet ist. Besonders bevorzugt wird der Anschlussbereich 9 mit seinen beteiligten Elementen und Bereichen mit einem Kunststoffmaterial in einem Spritzgussverfahren, vorzugsweise ein Hotmelt-Verfahren, vor äußeren Einflüssen geschützt. Dabei kann das Hochfrequenz-Kabel zwecks Zugentlastung auch noch zusätzlich durch weitere Maßnahmen, insbesondere einen zweiten Umspritzvorgang, an dem Träger 2 der Antenne 1 festgelegt werden.Furthermore, the antenna 1 between the one end face of the radiator section 4 and the one end face of the ground surface 3 on a connection region 9, where there is a high-frequency cable, in particular a coaxial cable is connected. The inner conductor of the high-frequency cable is thereby contacted with the radiator section 4 and the ground conductor of the high-frequency cable (for example, a shielding braid) with the ground surface 3. This can be done for example by soldering, crimping, gluing with an electrically conductive adhesive, laser or ultrasonic welding or the like. In order to protect the exposed end of the high-frequency cable, which is connected to the radiator section 4 and the ground surface 3, from external disturbing influences (in particular dirt particles and moisture, which can lead to impairment of the function of the antenna 1), this region can be provided with a cover. This cover may for example be a housing part, which consists of a plastic material and is formed over the connection region 9 in the direction of the radiator portion 4 and the ground surface 3 reaching. Particularly preferably, the connection region 9, with its participating elements and regions with a plastic material in an injection molding process, preferably a hot melt process, protected from external influences. In this case, the high-frequency cable for the purpose of strain relief can also be additionally determined by further measures, in particular a second extrusion coating, on the carrier 2 of the antenna 1.

Die in Figur 1 gezeigte längliche rechteckförmige Gestaltung der Antenne 1 ist insbesondere dann von Vorteil, wenn diese flächig gestaltete Antenne 1 in einem Außenspiegel eines Lastkraftwagens integriert wird. Das bedeutet, dass die geometrische Erstreckung der Antenne 1 so gewählt wird, dass sie an den Einbauort bzw. Einbauraum angepasst ist. Der Einbau einer solchen erfindungsgemäßen flächig gestalteten Antenne 1 in einen Außenspiegel ist daher von besonderem Vorteil, weil sie nach ihrem Einbau und ihrer Verkabelung von außen nicht mehr sichtbar ist und daher das Gesamterscheinungsbild des Fahrzeuges nicht mehr stört. Abschließend sei darauf hingewiesen, dass die geometrischen Formen der Massefläche 3, des flächigen Strahlerabschnittes 4 und des mäanderförmigen Strahlerabschnittes 5 sowie die Breite und Höhe des Trägers 2 ohne weiteres den Frequenzbereichen, in denen die Antenne 1 Senden oder Empfangen soll, und/oder dem Einbauort angepasst werden können, ohne die einfache Gestaltung, die Breitbandigkeit und die Leistungsfähigkeit der Antenne 1 einzuschränken. So ist in dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel der erste Strahlerabschnitt 4 L-förmig gestaltet, weil dies den Vorteil hat, dass in seiner Aussparung die Spule 6 angeordnet werden kann, um die Kompaktheit zu fördern. Das bedeutet aber nicht, dass andere geometrische Gestaltungen des Strahlerabschnittes 4, wie z.B. runde, quadratische, rechteckige, bogenförmige oder sonstige Erstreckungen, ausgeschlossen sind. So könnte beispielsweise daran gedacht werden, den flächigen Strahlerabschnitt U-förmig mit breiten Schenkel zu gestalten und innerhalb dieser Form die Spule 6 mit gegenüber den breiten Schenkeln des U-förmigen Strahlerabschnittes 4 deutlich dünneren spiralförmigen Windungen zu integrieren. Gleiches gilt für die Erstreckung des mäanderförmigen Strahlerabschnittes 5, bei dem die Anzahl, die Länge, und der Radius verändert werden kann. So ist es beispielsweise nicht zwangsweise erforderlich, dass die geraden Abschnitte des Strahlerabschnittes 5 parallel zueinander verlaufen, sondern sie können auch beispielsweise in einem Winkel davon abweichend verlaufen.In the FIG. 1 shown elongated rectangular shape of the antenna 1 is particularly advantageous if this two-dimensional antenna 1 is integrated in an exterior mirror of a truck. This means that the geometric extension of the antenna 1 is selected so that it is adapted to the installation or installation space. The installation of such a surface-shaped antenna 1 according to the invention in an exterior mirror is therefore of particular advantage, because it is no longer visible from the outside after their installation and wiring and therefore does not bother the overall appearance of the vehicle. Finally, it should be pointed out that the geometric shapes of the ground plane 3, of the planar radiator section 4 and of the meandering radiator section 5 as well as the width and height of the carrier 2 are readily the frequency ranges in which the antenna 1 is to transmit or receive, and / or the installation can be adjusted without restricting the simple design, the broadband and the performance of the antenna 1. So is in the in FIG. 1 In the embodiment shown, the first radiator section 4 is L-shaped, because this has the advantage that the coil 6 can be arranged in its recess in order to promote the compactness. However, this does not mean that other geometric configurations of the radiator section 4, such as round, square, rectangular, arcuate or other extensions, are excluded. Thus, for example, it could be thought to make the flat radiator portion U-shaped with wide legs and to integrate within this shape, the coil 6 with respect to the wide legs of the U-shaped radiator section 4 significantly thinner spiral turns. The same applies to the extension of the meander-shaped radiator section 5, in which the number, the length, and the radius can be changed. That's the way it is For example, not necessarily required that the straight portions of the radiator portion 5 are parallel to each other, but they may also be different, for example, at an angle thereof.

Ganz wesentlich und von besonderem Vorteil ist die Ausgestaltung und Anwendung der flächigen Antenne als Antenne zum Senden und Empfangen von hochfrequenten Signalen im Frequenzbereich des CB-Funks. Hierbei erfolgt das Senden und Empfangen von hochfrequenten Signalen im Frequenzbereich um 27 MHz herum. Aus der Frequenz von 27 MHz resultiert eine Wellenlänge von 12 m, wobei bekannte Stabantennen in ebenfalls an sich bekannter Weise als Lamda-Viertel-Stab (λ/4-Stab) ausgebildet sind, da es aufgrund dieser Ausgestaltung bekannt ist, dass in Bezug auf die Empfangs- beziehungsweise Sendeeigenschaften in Verbindung mit der Länge des Stabes gute Kompromisse zu erzielen sind. Allerdings führt dies bei diesem Frequenzband zu einer Antennenlänge von etwa 3 m (3 Metern), woraus bei Anwendung der Stabantenne bei Fahrzeugen große Probleme resultieren, da eine stabförmige Antenne mit einer Länge von 3 m gar nicht oder nur mit einem sehr großen Aufwand am Fahrzeug anzubringen ist. Folglich muss bei diesen bekannten Stabantennen die Länge deutlich reduziert werden, was zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Breitbandigkeit, der Sende- und Empfangs-Performance und der Leistung führt. Außerdem haben diese Stabantennen den Nachteil, dass sie sehr schmalbandig sind, wobei bei bekannten Stabantennen Abstimmelemente vorhanden sind, um diese Stabantennen tunen zu können.Quite essential and of particular advantage is the design and application of the planar antenna as an antenna for transmitting and receiving high-frequency signals in the frequency range of the CB radio. Here, the transmission and reception of high-frequency signals in the frequency range around 27 MHz around. From the frequency of 27 MHz results in a wavelength of 12 m, known rod antennas are also known per se as Lamda quarter-rod (λ / 4-rod), since it is known due to this configuration, that with respect the reception or transmission properties in conjunction with the length of the rod are good compromises. However, this leads to an antenna length of about 3 m (3 meters) in this frequency band, resulting in problems when using the rod antenna in vehicles, since a rod-shaped antenna with a length of 3 m not at all or only with a very large effort on the vehicle is to be attached. Consequently, the length must be significantly reduced in these known rod antennas, resulting in a significant reduction in broadband, the transmission and reception performance and performance. In addition, these rod antennas have the disadvantage that they are very narrow band, wherein in known rod antennas tuning elements are present in order to tune these rod antennas.

Im Gegensatz hierzu bietet die Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen flächigen Antenne in dem genannten Frequenzbereich um 27 MHz herum die Vorteile, das die Bauhöhe deutlich reduziert ist, dass aufgrund der flächigen Gestaltung eine bessere Wärmeabstrahlung gegeben ist (was zu einer gleichzeitigen Erhöhung der Leistungsfähigkeit der Antenne führt), dass eine verbesserte Aerodynamik der Fahrzeuge gegeben ist (insbesondere dann, wenn in vorteilhafter Weise die flächige Antenne in einen Außenspiegel eines Fahrzeuges, insbesondere eines Lastkraftwagens, integriert wird) und dass die flächige Antenne gegenüber den bekannten Stabantennen eine deutlich gesteigerte Breitbandigkeit aufgrund der Strahlerelemente aufweist und das Abstimmmaßnahmen entfallen können (aufgrund der höheren Breitbandigkeit).In contrast, the application of the planar antenna according to the invention in the said frequency range around 27 MHz, the advantages that the overall height is significantly reduced that due to the flat design a better Heat radiation is given (resulting in a simultaneous increase in the performance of the antenna), that improved aerodynamics of the vehicle is given (in particular, if advantageously the planar antenna in an exterior mirror of a vehicle, in particular a truck, is integrated) and that the planar antenna compared to the known rod antennas has a significantly increased broadband due to the radiator elements and the tuning measures can be omitted (due to the higher broadband).

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.1.
Antenneantenna
2.Second
Trägercarrier
3.Third
Masseflächeground plane
4.4th
erster flächiger Strahlerabschnittfirst flat radiator section
5.5th
zweiter mäanderförmiger Strahlerabschnittsecond meander-shaped radiator section
6.6th
SpuleKitchen sink
7.7th
elektrische Verbindungelectrical connection
8.8th.
Ausnehmungrecess
9.9th
Anschlussbereichterminal area

Claims (7)

  1. Antenna (1) for sending and/or receiving radio-frequency signals, wherein the antenna (1) furthermore has an earth connection, a two-dimensionally arranged spiral coil (6) and a two-dimensional support (2),
    wherein a first antenna element section (4) arranged on the two-dimensional support (2) is in two-dimensional form and at least a further antenna element section (5), likewise arranged on the two-dimensional support (2), is in meandrous form, wherein the antenna element sections (4, 5) are electrically connected to one another by means of the coil (6), which is likewise arranged on the support (2), wherein the two-dimensionally arranged spiral coil (6) is formed by an electrically conductive material printed on the support (2), wherein the input side of the further antenna element section (5) merges at one end thereof into the spiral coil (6) arranged two-dimensionally on the support (2),
    and wherein the input side of the first antenna element section (4) is connected to the spiral coil (6) arranged two-dimensionally on the support (2) by means of an electrical connection and wherein the electrical connection extends from the inside of the coil (6) to the first antenna element section (4) with the interposition of an insulating layer of the antenna (1) or of a printed insulating layer of the antenna (1) and is formed by an electrically conductive material printed on the support (2).
  2. Antenna (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the antenna element sections (4, 5) are formed by an electrically conductive material printed on the support (2).
  3. Antenna (1) according to either of the preceding claims, characterized in that the earth connection is in the form of an earth surface (3) formed by an electrically conductive material printed on the support (2).
  4. Antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there is provision between the first antenna element section (4) and the earth surface (3) for a connection region (9) for connecting a radio-frequency cable.
  5. Use of the antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims in the frequency range of CB radio.
  6. Use of the antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims in the exterior mirror of a vehicle or commercial vehicle.
  7. Integration of the antenna (1) according to one of the preceding claims into a plastic part of a vehicle, such as e.g. into a plastic roof of a commercial vehicle, in particular of a heavy goods vehicle.
EP09012961.0A 2009-03-06 2009-10-14 Laminar antenna with at least two emitter sections for sending and/or receiving high frequency signals Not-in-force EP2226892B1 (en)

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DE102009011494A DE102009011494A1 (en) 2009-03-06 2009-03-06 Flat antenna with at least two radiator sections for transmitting and / or receiving high-frequency signals

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EP2226892B1 true EP2226892B1 (en) 2019-09-18

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010004503B4 (en) * 2010-01-13 2015-08-20 Continental Automotive Gmbh Antenna structure for a vehicle for multiple frequency bands

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GB2157633A (en) * 1984-04-11 1985-10-30 William Sydney Charlton Rear view mirrors

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US4644366A (en) * 1984-09-26 1987-02-17 Amitec, Inc. Miniature radio transceiver antenna
US4882591A (en) * 1988-10-03 1989-11-21 Wilson Antenna Inc. Base loaded antenna
JPH0298202A (en) * 1988-10-05 1990-04-10 Yagi Antenna Co Ltd Antenna for automobile
DE29606416U1 (en) * 1996-04-06 1996-06-27 Mekra Rangau Plastics GmbH & Co KG, 90765 Fürth Exterior rear-view mirrors for motor vehicles, in particular commercial vehicles
SE511068C2 (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-08-02 Ericsson Telefon Ab L M Portable electronic communication device with dual band antenna system
DE10150149A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2003-04-17 Receptec Gmbh Antenna module for automobile mobile radio antenna has antenna element spaced above conductive base plate and coupled to latter via short-circuit path
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EP2056398A1 (en) * 2002-07-15 2009-05-06 Fractus, S.A. Antenna with one or more holes
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GB2157633A (en) * 1984-04-11 1985-10-30 William Sydney Charlton Rear view mirrors

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