EP2225342A1 - Mineral-based drilling fluid and drilling method - Google Patents

Mineral-based drilling fluid and drilling method

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Publication number
EP2225342A1
EP2225342A1 EP08872352A EP08872352A EP2225342A1 EP 2225342 A1 EP2225342 A1 EP 2225342A1 EP 08872352 A EP08872352 A EP 08872352A EP 08872352 A EP08872352 A EP 08872352A EP 2225342 A1 EP2225342 A1 EP 2225342A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
drilling
solids
fluid
particle size
total volume
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08872352A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yannick Peysson
David Pasquier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
TotalEnergies SE
Original Assignee
IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Total SE
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Publication date
Application filed by IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN, Total SE filed Critical IFP Energies Nouvelles IFPEN
Publication of EP2225342A1 publication Critical patent/EP2225342A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/05—Aqueous well-drilling compositions containing inorganic compounds only, e.g. mixtures of clay and salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
    • C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/04—Aqueous well-drilling compositions
    • C09K8/14—Clay-containing compositions
    • C09K8/16—Clay-containing compositions characterised by the inorganic compounds other than clay

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a drilling fluid for operating in very deep areas, at high temperature and at high pressure.
  • the components of the fluid are inert up to very high temperatures (up to 250-300 0 C) and its density can be adjusted beyond 2000 kg / m 3 .
  • drilling fluid capable of ensuring flow, well stability and upwelling at temperatures well above 200 ° C.
  • Conventional drilling fluids, or sludges generally consist of various additives (polymers, surfactants, etc.) which degrade at such temperatures.
  • the object of the present invention is to obtain a drilling fluid that can perform all the functions of a fluid of this type, especially hydrostatic pressure and cleaning, obtained mainly by adjusting the density and the viscosity, in a context of very high temperature and high pressure.
  • the principle of formulation of the drilling fluid according to the invention is based on the use of inert additives in the temperature range considered.
  • Silica or alumina-based mineral gels which have already been widely studied for their particular properties are known.
  • the micro spheres of silica are especially used as additives in cement slags to adjust their mechanical properties.
  • the present invention relates to a drilling fluid for high temperature, based on brine and mixture of solids of controlled particle size, characterized in that it consists of water, dissolved salts, and insoluble solid minerals comprising at least one weighting part of particle size such that its D50 is between 1 and 25 ⁇ m and a portion of particle size colloid such that its D50 is between 0.2 and 2 ⁇ m, in that the total volume fraction of the solids is between 30 and 50% relative to the total volume, and in that the total volume comprises at least 10% by volume of said colloids.
  • the drilling fluid may not include a thermally degradable viscosity additive, including natural or synthetic polymeric additives.
  • the weighting part may consist of micro barite. It can also be constituted by other weighting agents, for example Mn3O4, carbonates, insofar as their particle size corresponds to the invention.
  • the colloid part can consist of micro silica or micro alumina, or their mixture.
  • the pH of the fluid may be greater than 7.5.
  • the total volume fraction of the solids may be between 35 and 45%.
  • the invention also relates to a method of drilling a very deep underground reservoir, in which a drilling fluid consisting of water, dissolved salts and a volume fraction of insoluble mineral solids comprising at least one part of particle size included such that its D50 is between 1 and 25 microns and a portion of colloids of particle size such that its D50 is between 0.2 and 2 microns, in that the rheological characteristics of said fluid are adjusted by adjusting the fraction total volume of solids, and in that the mass is adjusted volume of said fluid by adjusting the proportion of said weighting portion relative to said portion of colloids.
  • said fluid may comprise at least 10% by volume of colloids, relative to the total volume.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b give the granulometric curves of the minerals used in the examples
  • FIG. 2 shows the rheological variations as a function of the total solids volume fraction
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the temperature stability of the fluid according to the invention.
  • the drilling fluid according to the invention must be able to have a relatively high density, given the depth of drilling. Also, the concentration of barite can be high. At least one colloidal phase of micro silica or micro alumina makes it possible to create a gelled network in order to obtain the stability of the composition thus adjusted in density.
  • the base fluid is a brine, for example based on CaCl 2 at high concentration to avoid changes in properties when water or brine comes during drilling.
  • Other salts, or in mixture, can be used (tests with NaCl and CaCl 2 have been carried out).
  • the particle size of the various solid constituents must be well controlled and close enough. Indeed, the stability of the suspensions is ensured by the control of the size of its constituents and by the control of the surface properties.
  • micro barite whose particle size is mainly between 1 and 50 microns and the other colloidal phase (silica, alumina) will have a size between 0.1 and 3 microns.
  • the particle size curves are given in FIG. 1 and FIG. 1b, respectively for the Chaillac barite and the micro silica used. It is clear that solids of very similar particle size distribution are also suitable.
  • D50 known to those skilled in the art concerned, with the aim of the weighting minerals, for example barite, a D50 between 1 and 25 microns, and for micro silica a D50 between 0.2 and 2 microns.
  • Mn3O4 manganese tetroxide
  • Micromax TM by Elkem Materials
  • the sludge density can be varied from 1.69 to 2.32 by varying ⁇ from 0 to 33% (maximum weighting fraction for at least 12% silica remains in relation to the total volume).
  • the surface charges of the silica microspheres are thus controlled.
  • the dispersed silica phase forms a gel by Van der Waals interaction between the particles.
  • pH 8.5
  • the silica microspheres have negative charges, but the electrostatic interactions are screened by the presence of Ca 2+ ions.
  • the stability was confirmed by a Turbiscan study of the fluid according to the invention. No liquid phase appears in a long time.
  • the mixture was subjected several times to a temperature of 200 ° C. for 24 hours in a pressure cell at 20 bar.
  • the fluid appears with an identical appearance to the original one.
  • Figure 3 shows the two rheograms obtained before and after the thermal test. There is indeed an increase in the rheological parameters and in particular a doubling of the threshold stress. However, this evolution remains entirely compatible with the use of this fluid.
  • the rheological measurement after the thermal test was performed without mixing. The sample is measured as such after 24 hours in the cell, a part of the viscosity increase is therefore due to gelation over time.

Abstract

- High-temperature drilling fluid based on brine and on a mixture of solids with a controlled particle size, comprising water, dissolved salts, and insoluble mineral solids comprising at least one part of weighting agent having a particle size such that the D50 thereof is between 1 and 25 μm, and one part of colloids having a particle size such that the D50 thereof is between 0.2 and 2 μm. The total volume fraction of the solids is between 30% and 50% relative to the total volume, and the total volume comprises at least 10% by volume of said colloids. - Drilling method using the fluid according to the invention.

Description

FLUIDE DE FORAGE A BASE MINERALE ET PROCEDE DE FORAGE MINERAL BASED DRILLING FLUID AND DRILLING METHOD
La présente invention concerne un fluide de forage permettant d'opérer dans des zones très profondes, à haute température et à haute pression. Les composants du fluide sont inertes jusqu'à des températures très élevées (jusqu'à 250-3000C) et sa masse volumique peut être ajustée au-delà de 2000 kg/m3.The present invention relates to a drilling fluid for operating in very deep areas, at high temperature and at high pressure. The components of the fluid are inert up to very high temperatures (up to 250-300 0 C) and its density can be adjusted beyond 2000 kg / m 3 .
Le forage de réservoirs pétroliers profonds peut nécessiter l'utilisation de fluide de forage capable d'assurer un écoulement, une stabilité du puits et une remontée des déblais, à des températures très supérieures à 200°C. Les fluides, ou boues, de forage classiques sont généralement constituées avec divers additifs (polymères, tensioactifs,...) qui se dégradent à de telles températures.The drilling of deep oil reservoirs may require the use of drilling fluid capable of ensuring flow, well stability and upwelling at temperatures well above 200 ° C. Conventional drilling fluids, or sludges, generally consist of various additives (polymers, surfactants, etc.) which degrade at such temperatures.
L'objet de la présente invention est d'obtenir un fluide de forage pouvant réaliser toutes les fonctions d'un fluide de ce type, notamment pression hydrostatique et nettoyage, obtenues principalement par le réglage de la masse volumique et de la viscosité, dans un contexte de très haute température et haute pression.The object of the present invention is to obtain a drilling fluid that can perform all the functions of a fluid of this type, especially hydrostatic pressure and cleaning, obtained mainly by adjusting the density and the viscosity, in a context of very high temperature and high pressure.
Le principe de formulation du fluide de forage selon l'invention, repose sur l'utilisation d'additifs inertes dans la plage de température considérée. On connaît les gels minéraux à base de silice ou d'alumine qui ont déjà été largement étudiés pour leurs propriétés particulières. Les micro sphères de silice sont notamment utilisées comme additifs dans les laitiers de ciment pour ajuster leurs propriétés mécaniques.The principle of formulation of the drilling fluid according to the invention is based on the use of inert additives in the temperature range considered. Silica or alumina-based mineral gels which have already been widely studied for their particular properties are known. The micro spheres of silica are especially used as additives in cement slags to adjust their mechanical properties.
Ainsi, la présente invention concerne un fluide de forage pour haute température, à base de saumure et de mélange de solides de granulométrie contrôlée, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'eau, de sels dissous, et de solides minéraux insolubles comprenant au moins une partie d'alourdissant de granulométrie telle que son D50 est compris entre 1 et 25 μm et une partie de colloïdes de granulométrie telle que son D50 est compris entre 0,2 et 2 μm, en ce que la fraction volumique totale des solides est comprise entre 30 et 50% par rapport au volume total, et en ce que le volume total comprend au moins 10% en volume desdits colloïdes.Thus, the present invention relates to a drilling fluid for high temperature, based on brine and mixture of solids of controlled particle size, characterized in that it consists of water, dissolved salts, and insoluble solid minerals comprising at least one weighting part of particle size such that its D50 is between 1 and 25 μm and a portion of particle size colloid such that its D50 is between 0.2 and 2 μm, in that the total volume fraction of the solids is between 30 and 50% relative to the total volume, and in that the total volume comprises at least 10% by volume of said colloids.
Le fluide de forage peut ne pas comporter d'additif viscosifiant thermiquement dégradable, notamment les additifs polymériques naturels ou synthétiques.The drilling fluid may not include a thermally degradable viscosity additive, including natural or synthetic polymeric additives.
La partie d'alourdissant peut être constituée de micro barytine. Elle peut aussi être constituée par d'autres alourdissants, par exemple Mn3O4, carbonates, dans la mesure où leur granulométrie correspond à l'invention.The weighting part may consist of micro barite. It can also be constituted by other weighting agents, for example Mn3O4, carbonates, insofar as their particle size corresponds to the invention.
La partie de colloïdes peut être constituée de micro silice ou de micro alumine, ou leur mélange.The colloid part can consist of micro silica or micro alumina, or their mixture.
Le pH du fluide peut être supérieur à 7,5.The pH of the fluid may be greater than 7.5.
La fraction volumique totale des solides peut être comprise entre 35 et 45%.The total volume fraction of the solids may be between 35 and 45%.
L'invention concerne également un procédé de forage de réservoir souterrain très profond, dans lequel on utilise un fluide de forage constitué d'eau, de sels dissous et d'une fraction volumique de solides minéraux insolubles comprenant au moins une partie d'alourdissant de granulométrie comprise telle que son D50 est compris entre 1 et 25 μm et une partie de colloïdes de granulométrie telle que son D50 est compris entre 0,2 et 2 μm, en ce que l'on règle les caractéristiques rhéologiques dudit fluide en ajustant la fraction volumique totale des solides, et en ce que l'on règle la masse volumique dudit fluide en ajustant la proportion de ladite partie d'alourdissant par rapport à ladite partie de colloïdes.The invention also relates to a method of drilling a very deep underground reservoir, in which a drilling fluid consisting of water, dissolved salts and a volume fraction of insoluble mineral solids comprising at least one part of particle size included such that its D50 is between 1 and 25 microns and a portion of colloids of particle size such that its D50 is between 0.2 and 2 microns, in that the rheological characteristics of said fluid are adjusted by adjusting the fraction total volume of solids, and in that the mass is adjusted volume of said fluid by adjusting the proportion of said weighting portion relative to said portion of colloids.
Selon le procédé de forage, ledit fluide peut comprendre au moins 10% en volume de colloïdes, par rapport au volume total. Selon le procédé, on ajoute aucun additif thermiquerαent dégradable à partir de 1800C, notamment des viscosifiants.According to the drilling method, said fluid may comprise at least 10% by volume of colloids, relative to the total volume. According to the method, no additive thermal degradable from 180 0 C, including viscosifiers.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise et ses avantages apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description des exemples suivants, nullement limitatifs, illustrés par les figures ci-après annexées, parmi lesquelles:The present invention will be better understood and its advantages will appear more clearly on reading the description of the following nonlimiting examples, illustrated by the appended figures, among which:
- les figures la et Ib donnent les courbes granulométriques des minéraux utilisés dans les exemples,FIGS. 1a and 1b give the granulometric curves of the minerals used in the examples,
- la figure 2 montre les variations rhéologiques en fonction de la fraction volumique totale en solides,FIG. 2 shows the rheological variations as a function of the total solids volume fraction,
- la figure 3 illustre la stabilité en température du fluide selon l'invention.FIG. 3 illustrates the temperature stability of the fluid according to the invention.
Le fluide de forage selon l'invention doit pouvoir présenter une masse volumique relativement élevée, compte tenu de la profondeur de forage. Aussi, la concentration en barytine pourra être forte. Au moins une phase colloïdale de micro silice ou de micro alumine permet de créer un réseau gélifié pour obtenir la stabilité de la composition ainsi ajustée en masse volumique.The drilling fluid according to the invention must be able to have a relatively high density, given the depth of drilling. Also, the concentration of barite can be high. At least one colloidal phase of micro silica or micro alumina makes it possible to create a gelled network in order to obtain the stability of the composition thus adjusted in density.
Le fluide de base est une saumure, par exemple à base de CaCl2 à forte concentration permettant d'éviter les modifications de propriétés lors d'une venue d'eau ou de saumure en cours de forage. D'autres sels, ou en mélange, peuvent être utilisés (des tests avec NaCl et CaCl2 ont été réalisés). γ La fraction volumique en barytine est noté φ =- Bar"e et celle en silice (ouThe base fluid is a brine, for example based on CaCl 2 at high concentration to avoid changes in properties when water or brine comes during drilling. Other salts, or in mixture, can be used (tests with NaCl and CaCl 2 have been carried out). γ The volume fraction in barite is denoted φ = - Bar " e and that in silica (or
' Total V - alumine) noté ξ = """6^ . La fraction volumique totale de .solides est notée'Total V - alumina) denoted ξ = """ 6. The total volume fraction of solids is noted
' rote/ Φm = Φ + ξ -'rote / Φ m = Φ + ξ -
La masse volumique de la boue est fonction de φ ou ξ ou de φm et φ pMud = P«mmuΛ ~Φ~ ξ)+ PbariteΦ + AoβΛώÉ PlΛud ~ Φ)The density of the sludge is a function of φ or ξ or φ m and φ pMud = P "mmuΛ ~ Φ ~ ξ) + PbariteΦ + AoβΛώÉ PlΛud ~ Φ)
Donc, pour une masse volumique donnée pMud, on peut se fixer une quantité maximum de solides φm dans le système et ajuster le rapport de fraction, avec φ et ξ, entre les deux solides.Therefore, for a given density p Mud , one can set a maximum quantity of solids φ m in the system and adjust the ratio of fraction, with φ and ξ, between the two solids.
Ce point est important, car au premier ordre, on peut considérer que la rhéologie du fluide de forage est principalement contrôlée par φm et la masse volumique par φ et ξ . Ainsi, dans une certaine mesure, on peut contrôler l'un et l'autre indépendamment, ce qui est un avantage certain de ce genre de système.This point is important because, in the first order, we can consider that the rheology of the drilling fluid is mainly controlled by φ m and the density by φ and ξ. Thus, to a certain extent, one can control both independently, which is a definite advantage of this kind of system.
La granulométrie des différents constituants solides doit être bien contrôlée et assez proche. En effet, la stabilité des suspensions est assurée par le contrôle de la taille de ses constituants et par la maîtrise des propriétés de surface.The particle size of the various solid constituents must be well controlled and close enough. Indeed, the stability of the suspensions is ensured by the control of the size of its constituents and by the control of the surface properties.
Ainsi, on utilise de la micro barytine dont la granulométrie est principalement comprise entre 1 et 50 μm et l'autre phase colloïdale (silice, alumine) aura une taille comprise entre 0,1 et 3 μm. Les courbes granulométriques sont données figure la et figure Ib, respectivement pour la barytine de Chaillac et la micro silice utilisée. Il est clair que des solides de répartition granulométrique très proche conviennent également. On pourra se référer aux valeurs de D50, connus de l'homme du métier concerné, avec pour les minéraux alourdissants, par exemple la barytine, un D50 compris entre 1 et 25 μm, et pour la micro silice un D50 compris entre 0,2 et 2 μm.Thus, one uses micro barite whose particle size is mainly between 1 and 50 microns and the other colloidal phase (silica, alumina) will have a size between 0.1 and 3 microns. The particle size curves are given in FIG. 1 and FIG. 1b, respectively for the Chaillac barite and the micro silica used. It is clear that solids of very similar particle size distribution are also suitable. We can refer to the values of D50, known to those skilled in the art concerned, with the aim of the weighting minerals, for example barite, a D50 between 1 and 25 microns, and for micro silica a D50 between 0.2 and 2 microns.
Comme alourdissant, on peut utiliser du tétraoxyde de manganèse (Mn3O4, par exemple commercialisé sous le nom de Micromax ™par la société Elkem Materials) ou des carbonates.As a weighting agent, it is possible to use manganese tetroxide (Mn3O4, for example sold under the name Micromax ™ by Elkem Materials) or carbonates.
Il est nécessaire d'introduire une fraction volumique minimale de dispersion minérale afin d'obtenir un gel. Cette quantité est de 12% pour la dispersion de silice et 10% pour la micro alumine.It is necessary to introduce a minimum volume fraction of mineral dispersion in order to obtain a gel. This amount is 12% for the silica dispersion and 10% for the micro alumina.
Ainsi, par exemple, en fixant la fraction totale de solide à 45%, on peut faire varier la densité de boue de 1,69 à 2,32 en faisant varier φ de 0 à 33% (fraction maximum d'alourdissant pour qu'il reste au moins 12% de silice par rapport au volume total).Thus, for example, by fixing the total solid fraction at 45%, the sludge density can be varied from 1.69 to 2.32 by varying φ from 0 to 33% (maximum weighting fraction for at least 12% silica remains in relation to the total volume).
Le contrôle du pH et de la force ionique (concentration en sel) de la dispersion permettent d'assurer une maîtrise des interactions colloïdales.The control of the pH and the ionic strength (salt concentration) of the dispersion make it possible to control the colloidal interactions.
Cependant, ces paramètres sont imposés en partie par l'utilisation du fluide comme boue de forage, pour lequel la concentration en sel est généralement de l'ordre de 2 mol/L, ou plus.However, these parameters are imposed in part by the use of the fluid as drilling mud, for which the salt concentration is generally of the order of 2 mol / L, or more.
Pour le gel de silice, le pH est ajusté à pH=8,5 par ajout de CaOH2. On contrôle ainsi les charges de surface des microsphères de silice. Les dispersions de silice donnent des gels physiques très stables à pH=8-9 et à force ionique supérieure (concentration en sel supérieure à 0,1 mol/L). C'est dans cette gamme que se place la présente invention.For silica gel, the pH is adjusted to pH = 8.5 by adding CaOH 2 . The surface charges of the silica microspheres are thus controlled. The silica dispersions give very stable physical gels at pH = 8-9 and at higher ionic strength (salt concentration greater than 0.1 mol / L). It is in this range that the present invention is placed.
On obtient ainsi un fluide rhéologique à seuil, d'aspect homogène. On a constaté que le fluide ne présente pas de surnageant eau, même après un temps très long (supérieur à 48 h).This gives a rheological fluid threshold, homogeneous appearance. It has been found that the fluid does not have a water supernatant, even after a very long time (greater than 48 hours).
La phase dispersée de silice forme un gel par interaction de Van der Waals entre les particules. A pH=8,5, les microsphères de silice présentent des charges négatives, mais les interactions électrostatiques sont écrantées par la présence d'ions Ca2+. La stabilité a été confirmée par une étude au Turbiscan du fluide selon l'invention. Aucune phase liquide n'apparaît à temps long.The dispersed silica phase forms a gel by Van der Waals interaction between the particles. At pH = 8.5, the silica microspheres have negative charges, but the electrostatic interactions are screened by the presence of Ca 2+ ions. The stability was confirmed by a Turbiscan study of the fluid according to the invention. No liquid phase appears in a long time.
Le même comportement est observé pour les phases alumine. Le pH se stabilise naturellement à 7,5 ; et au delà de 10% de fraction volumique de micro alumine l'aspect gel est retrouvé.The same behavior is observed for the alumina phases. The pH naturally stabilizes at 7.5; and beyond 10% volume fraction of micro alumina gel appearance is found.
Des essais ont également été réalisés à pH=3,5. Ces mélanges conduisent également à une phase homogène, mais qui conduit à l'apparition de fluide clair après 2Oh en statique. Cependant, ces fluides présentent sur cette période des propriétés suffisamment intéressantes pour l'application en fluide de forage.Tests were also carried out at pH = 3.5. These mixtures also lead to a homogeneous phase, but which leads to the appearance of clear fluid after 20 h in static. However, these fluids have, over this period, properties of sufficient interest for the application of drilling fluid.
Il est donc possible de formuler un fluide homogène et ne présentant pas de séparation de phase à temps long ou une séparation de phase modérée.It is therefore possible to formulate a homogeneous fluid that does not have a long-time phase separation or a moderate phase separation.
Le mélange réalisé présente une rhéologie compatible avec l'utilisation d'une boue de forage comme le montrent, Figure 2, les valeurs de Yield (YV en lbs/100ft2 ou contrainte seuil - conversion : Ibsl 100ft2x0,48 = Pa), VA (ViscositéThe mixture produced has a rheology compatible with the use of a drilling mud as shown, Figure 2, Yield values (YV in lbs / 100ft 2 or threshold stress - conversion: Ibsl 100ft 2 x0.48 = Pa) , VA (Viscosity
Apparente en centiPoise - conversion: cP*0,001 = Pa.s), VP (Viscosité Plastique en centiPoise) calculées à partir de mesures rhéologiques.Apparent in centiPoise - conversion: cP * 0.001 = Pa.s), VP (Plastic Viscosity in centipoise) calculated from rheological measurements.
Différentes rhéologies en fonction de la fraction volumique totale (35%, 37% et 45%) en solides pour un mélange Barytine/Silice à pH=3 sont illustrées sur la Figure 2.Different rheologies as a function of the total volume fraction (35%, 37% and 45%) in solids for a barite / silica mixture at pH = 3 are illustrated in FIG.
On constate clairement que la modification de la quantité totale de solides conduit à une modification de la rhéologie du système. On a bien une variable d'ajustement sur la rhéologie. De plus, on note une augmentation de la viscosité du mélange et de la contrainte seuil (YV) en fonction de la fraction volumique totale en solides. Afin de garder des produits d'une viscosité adaptée, il faut fixer la fraction volumique totale de solide dans une plage comprise entre 35% et 45%, et au moins 10% de micro silice, ou équivalent en granulométrie, par rapport au volume total. Stabilité en températureIt is clear that the change in the total amount of solids leads to a change in the rheology of the system. We have an adjustment variable on rheology. In addition, there is an increase in the viscosity of the mixture and the threshold stress (YV) as a function of the total solids volume fraction. In order to keep products of a suitable viscosity, it is necessary to fix the total volume fraction of solid in a range between 35% and 45%, and at least 10% of micro silica, or equivalent in particle size, with respect to the total volume . Stability in temperature
Le mélange a été soumis plusieurs fois à une température de 2000C pendant 24h dans une cellule sous pression à 20 bars. Le fluide ressort avec un aspect identique à celui de départ.The mixture was subjected several times to a temperature of 200 ° C. for 24 hours in a pressure cell at 20 bar. The fluid appears with an identical appearance to the original one.
Pour confirmer les tests visuels, des tests rhéologiques avant/après sont réalisés et ils montrent que le fluide garde des propriétés de fluide à seuil de type Herschell Bulkley mais avec une légère modification de la valeur de la contrainte seuil et des paramètres de viscosité (consistance et indice de rhéofluidification). La figure 3 montre les deux rhéogrammes obtenus avant et après le test thermique. On note bien une augmentation des paramètres rhéologiques et notamment un doublement de la contrainte seuil. Cependant, cette évolution reste tout à fait compatible avec l'utilisation de ce fluide. De plus, la mesure rhéologique après le test thermique a été réalisée sans effectuer de mélange. L'échantillon est mesuré tel quel après 24h dans la cellule, une part de l'augmentation de viscosité est donc due à la gélification dans le temps. To confirm the visual tests, before / after rheological tests are performed and they show that the fluid retains Herschell Bulkley type threshold fluid properties but with a slight modification of the value of the threshold stress and the viscosity parameters (consistency and rheofluidification index). Figure 3 shows the two rheograms obtained before and after the thermal test. There is indeed an increase in the rheological parameters and in particular a doubling of the threshold stress. However, this evolution remains entirely compatible with the use of this fluid. In addition, the rheological measurement after the thermal test was performed without mixing. The sample is measured as such after 24 hours in the cell, a part of the viscosity increase is therefore due to gelation over time.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Fluide de forage pour haute température, à base de saumure et de mélange de solides de granulométrie contrôlée, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué d'eau, de sels dissous, et de solides minéraux insolubles comprenant au moins une partie d'alourdissant de granulométrie telle que son D50 est compris entre 1 et 25 μm et une partie de colloïdes de granulométrie telle que son D50 est compris entre 0,2 et 2 μm, en ce que la fraction volumique totale des solides est comprise entre 30 et 50% par rapport au volume total, et en ce que le volume total comprend au moins1) A drilling fluid for high temperature, based on brine and mixture of solids of controlled particle size, characterized in that it consists of water, dissolved salts, and insoluble solid minerals comprising at least a part of a weighting device with a particle size such that its D50 is between 1 and 25 μm and a portion of colloids with a particle size such that its D50 is between 0.2 and 2 μm, in that the total volume fraction of the solids is between 30 and 50. percentage of the total volume, and in that the total volume includes at least
10% en volume desdits colloïdes.10% by volume of said colloids.
2) Fluide de forage selon la revendication 1, ne comportant pas d'additif viscosifiant thermiquement dégradable.2) Drilling fluid according to claim 1, comprising no thermally degradable viscosity additive.
3) Fluide de forage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite partie d'alourdissant est constituée de micro barytine.3) Drilling fluid according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said weighting portion is made of micro barite.
4) Fluide de forage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ladite partie de colloïdes est constituée de micro silice ou de micro alumine, ou leur mélange.4) A drilling fluid according to one of the preceding claims, wherein said portion of colloid is made of micro silica or micro alumina, or their mixture.
5) Fluide de forage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel le pH est supérieur à 7,5.5) Drilling fluid according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the pH is greater than 7.5.
6) Fluide de forage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la fraction volumique totale des solides est comprise entre 35 et 45%.6) Drilling fluid according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the total volume fraction of the solids is between 35 and 45%.
7) Procédé de forage de réservoir souterrain très profond, dans lequel on utilise un fluide de forage constitué d'eau, de sels dissous et d'une fraction volumique de solides minéraux insolubles comprenant au moins une partie d'alourdissant de granulométrie comprise telle que son D50 est compris entre 1 et 25 μm et une partie de colloïdes de granulométrie telle que son D50 est compris entre 0,2 et 2 μm, en ce que l'on règle les caractéristiques rhéologiques dudit fluide en ajustant la fraction volumique totale des solides, et en ce que l'on règle la masse volumique dudit fluide en ajustant la proportion de ladite partie d'alourdissant par rapport à ladite partie de colloïdes.7) A method of drilling a very deep underground reservoir, wherein a drilling fluid consisting of water, dissolved salts and a volume fraction of insoluble mineral solids comprising at least one weighting part of particle size such that its D50 is between 1 and 25 μm and a portion of colloid of particle size such that its D50 is between 0.2 and 2 μm, in that the rheological characteristics of said fluid are adjusted by adjusting the total volume fraction of the solids, and in that the density of said fluid is adjusted by adjusting the proportion of said weighting part with respect to said portion of colloids .
8) Procédé de forage selon la revendication 7, dans lequel ledit fluide comprend au moins 10% en volume de colloïdes, par rapport au volume total.8) A method of drilling according to claim 7, wherein said fluid comprises at least 10% by volume of colloids, relative to the total volume.
9) Procédé de forage selon l'une des revendications 7 ou 8, dans lequel ledit fluide comporte entre 35 et 45% de fraction volumique de solides.9) A method of drilling according to one of claims 7 or 8, wherein said fluid comprises between 35 and 45% solids volume fraction.
10) Procédé de forage selon l'une des revendications 7 à 9, dans lequel on ajoute aucun additif thermiquement dégradable à partir de 1800C, notamment des viscosifiants. 10) A method of drilling according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein no additive thermally degradable from 180 0 C, including viscosifiers.
EP08872352A 2007-12-10 2008-12-04 Mineral-based drilling fluid and drilling method Withdrawn EP2225342A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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FR0708587A FR2924720B1 (en) 2007-12-10 2007-12-10 MINERAL BASED DRILLING FLUID AND DRILLING METHOD
PCT/FR2008/001693 WO2009101290A1 (en) 2007-12-10 2008-12-04 Mineral-based drilling fluid and drilling method

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US20090186781A1 (en) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-23 Hallibruton Energy Services, Inc., A Delaware Corporation Drilling fluids comprising sub-micron precipitated barite as a component of the weighting agent and associated methods
US8252729B2 (en) 2008-01-17 2012-08-28 Halliburton Energy Services Inc. High performance drilling fluids with submicron-size particles as the weighting agent
FR2927936B1 (en) * 2008-02-21 2010-03-26 Vam Drilling France DRILL LINING ELEMENT, DRILLING ROD AND CORRESPONDING DRILL ROD TRAIN
CN111378421B (en) * 2018-12-28 2022-06-03 中国石油天然气股份有限公司 Well killing fluid and preparation method thereof

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US2337296A (en) * 1941-11-06 1943-12-21 Gulf Research Development Co Drilling fluid
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US20100326728A1 (en) 2010-12-30
FR2924720B1 (en) 2010-09-17
FR2924720A1 (en) 2009-06-12
WO2009101290A1 (en) 2009-08-20

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