EP2225020A1 - Verfahren und anlage zur regelung eines kontinuierlichen kristallisationsprozesses - Google Patents
Verfahren und anlage zur regelung eines kontinuierlichen kristallisationsprozessesInfo
- Publication number
- EP2225020A1 EP2225020A1 EP08865425A EP08865425A EP2225020A1 EP 2225020 A1 EP2225020 A1 EP 2225020A1 EP 08865425 A EP08865425 A EP 08865425A EP 08865425 A EP08865425 A EP 08865425A EP 2225020 A1 EP2225020 A1 EP 2225020A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- heat exchanger
- temperature
- outlet temperature
- cooling
- controller
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B13/00—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion
- G05B13/02—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric
- G05B13/04—Adaptive control systems, i.e. systems automatically adjusting themselves to have a performance which is optimum according to some preassigned criterion electric involving the use of models or simulators
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C37/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C07C37/68—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
- C07C37/70—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment
- C07C37/84—Purification; separation; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by crystallisation
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D23/00—Control of temperature
- G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D23/1927—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors
- G05D23/193—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces
- G05D23/1931—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means using a plurality of sensors sensing the temperaure in different places in thermal relationship with one or more spaces to control the temperature of one space
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and apparatus for controlling a continuous crystallization process that can be used in the manufacture of chemical products such as bisphenol A (BPA).
- BPA bisphenol A
- Outlet temperature of an emerging from the crystallizer outlet stream is kept constant, since a product stream is diverted from the outlet stream, which supplies the crystalline product of a subsequent treatment.
- the outlet temperature of the outlet stream is also influenced by a feed stream fed to the loop stream.
- Heat exchanger is interrupted. This leads to production losses and low productivity. Furthermore, fouling reduces the achievable heat exchanger performance, which makes the control of the crystallization process difficult. In particular, such changes in the application of empirical values can not be taken into account, so that only an inadequate control quality for a crystallization process can be achieved.
- the object is achieved according to the invention by a method for controlling a continuous crystallization process in which a heat exchanger connected in a circuit with a crystallizer is provided and a heat exchanger capacity of the
- Heat exchanger in particular for cooling a discharge stream of the crystallization apparatus in
- Crystallization temperature of the crystallization apparatus and / or to regulate an outlet temperature of the outlet stream characterized in that the currently required
- Heat exchanger capacity is determined by calculation and the calculated heat exchanger performance is adjusted in time damped at the heat exchanger.
- Crystallization efficiency and yield according to the concentration in the mother liquor decreases.
- there are further criteria for the choice of the crystallization temperature for example a temperature-dependent incorporation of impurities into the product crystals, which has an effect on the product quality.
- Outlet temperature of the outlet stream from the crystallizer regulated.
- a cooling capacity is set at the heat exchanger, which depends essentially on the amount of fed feed stream.
- the currently required heat exchanger capacity is determined by calculation, wherein the calculated heat exchanger performance is adjusted in time damped at the heat exchanger.
- the heat exchanger performance is determined by calculation as a function of the feed stream, it is possible to determine the required heat exchanger performance at a very early date, in which case it is particularly possible to take into account the inertia of the crystallization process. In particular, it is possible to take into account an average residence time in the crystallizer, which in industrial plants, for example in a
- Fouling of the heat exchanger by the growth of solids on the heat transfer surfaces can be significantly slowed down. With slower fouling, the regeneration intervals for the heat exchanger can be increased, thereby reducing production losses and improving productivity.
- the feedforward control based on mathematical calculations, for example energy balances, can react much more precisely and quickly to disturbances in the crystallization process than would be possible with manual interventions, so that the control quality is improved.
- energy balances are used in the calculation of the heat exchanger performance
- mathematically explicit solutions are possible so that, if required, computation-intensive numerical iteration methods can be avoided. Investigations have shown that such
- Feedforward control with temporal damping compared to the same feedforward control without temporal damping only insignificant differences in the outlet temperature of the outlet flow has the consequence. These minor variations in the exit temperature, however, can usually be controlled out in the subsequent processes without major problems, so that even not a slight loss to the yield of the final product is to be feared.
- the temporal damping can be realized by means of various measures.
- the control may have a dead time element, so that the time damping has a dead time.
- the politicians (2004)erleisrung can be substantially integrally varied in a sudden change in the feed flow, so that the heat exchanger performance changes substantially ramped.
- a proportional transmission behavior with delay can be provided, which in particular has a substantially PT 1 behavior (delay element with time delay of the first order).
- Outlet temperature considered more.
- certain system-related temperature fluctuations always occur which do not necessarily necessitate an intervention, since these temperature fluctuations in the crystallization apparatus itself can be corrected.
- a change of the feed flow normally occurs suddenly and undergoes a great change because, for example, the desired production amount has been manually changed. Due to the fact that such a change is more strongly damped over time, an excessive reaction of the heat exchanger can be avoided, so that the risk of fouling in the heat exchanger is reduced and a long operating time of the heat exchanger can be ensured.
- the temporal attenuation is achieved via cascaded control loops.
- a heat exchanger target outlet temperature can be regulated for the time damping with the aid of a first control loop as a function of the outlet temperature of the crystallization apparatus.
- a second control loop can in
- Control circuit essentially no influence. However, if the continuous operation is disturbed by significantly increasing or significantly decreasing the amount of the feed stream supplied, the second control circuit prevents the continuous operation optimized first control loop from changing the heat exchanger performance of the heat exchanger too much. Due to the temporally damped correction term, the target heat exchanger exit temperature can be set such that the likelihood of fouling in the heat exchanger is reduced.
- the calculation of the heat exchanger performance can be done with the help of energy balances.
- the mass flow and the temperature of a coming from the crystallizer and entering the heat exchanger heat exchanger flow is taken into account.
- the mass flow and the temperature of the heat exchanger stream can be calculated in particular.
- the actual actual outlet temperature of the outlet stream is measured, can be determined based on experience or the calculation of line losses, which will have the temperature of the heat exchanger when entering the heat exchanger.
- the mass flow of the fed feed stream and the mass flow of the discharged product stream are usually known, so that the
- Mass flow of the entering into the heat exchanger heat exchanger flow can be calculated. Further, it is possible to empirically estimate or simulate the behavior of the crystallizer so that it may already be sufficient to know the temperature and mass flow of the feed stream fed to calculate the mass flow and the temperature of the heat exchanger stream entering the heat exchanger. Thus it is possible the
- Heat exchanger target outlet temperature which is required to control the outlet temperature to calculate and to determine a temperature of the entering into the heat exchanger heat exchanger flow and the required heat exchanger performance very accurately in knowledge of the mass flow.
- the fouling state of the heat exchanger is taken into account in the calculation of the heat exchanger performance. This can be done in particular by taking into account a heat transfer coefficient k of the heat exchanger.
- the heat transfer coefficient k can be determined, in particular, by determining a theoretically calculated heat exchanger outlet temperature with an actually measured heat exchanger
- Heat exchanger outlet temperature is compared. Based on this comparison, the heat transfer coefficient k required for the calculated heat exchanger exit temperature to coincide with the measured heat exchanger exit temperature can be determined. In particular, this also makes it possible to determine and display the fouling state of the heat exchanger on the basis of a single parameter proportional to the fouling state. This makes it possible to perform maintenance and regeneration of the heat exchanger only when the heat transfer coefficient k is outside a predetermined range of values. It is not necessary to specify scheduled maintenance intervals. Instead, maintenance is not performed until it is actually required. In particular, the time profile of the heat transfer coefficient k can be extrapolated, so that the approximate time for the next maintenance of the heat exchanger can be estimated in advance.
- two or more cooling sources to different cooling levels and / or switched off, to the cooling temperature and / or cooling amount of the cooling medium change.
- the power of a cooling pump for the cooling medium can be varied to change the flow rate of the cooling medium.
- the control of the cooling temperature and / or the cooling amount of the cooling medium by means of a third control loop, which regulates the cooling temperature and / or the cooling amount of the cooling medium in dependence on the temporally damped heat exchanger performance.
- the invention further relates to a system for controlling a continuous crystallization process, which is particularly suitable for carrying out the method described above and / or, as explained with reference to the method described above, and can be further developed.
- the plant can be used in particular for the production of bisphenol A (BPA).
- BPA bisphenol A
- the plant has a crystallizer, which with a
- Heat exchanger for cooling an outlet stream of the crystallizer is connected in a circle.
- a heat exchanger capacity of the heat exchanger can be set as a function of a feed stream fed in by means of a setting unit.
- at least one computer unit is provided, which calculates the currently required heat exchanger capacity by calculation and forwards the calculated heat exchanger capacity to the setting unit in such a way that the calculated heat exchanger capacity can be adjusted in terms of time at the heat exchanger.
- a first control loop for controlling a heat exchanger target outlet temperature in dependence on the outlet temperature of the crystallization apparatus is provided.
- the first control circuit can in particular at least one
- a second control loop for controlling a correction term for the time damping of the heat exchanger controlled by the first control loop can be used.
- Target outlet temperature to be provided in dependence on the feed stream.
- the second control circuit has in particular a PT] controller.
- the first control circuit has a first controller, in particular a PID controller, for regulating the heat exchanger target outlet temperature.
- a second controller, in particular PID controller for controlling a cooling temperature and / or cooling amount of a cooling medium for the
- Heat exchanger can be provided.
- the first controller reacts slower than the second controller.
- the fact that the first controller reacts rather slowly avoids excessive temperature differences in the heat exchanger, which can otherwise lead to fouling.
- the cooling medium does not have to contain substances which can be crystallized out, it is certainly possible to provide large temperature differences in order to regulate the temperature of the cooling medium.
- the faster second controller thus results in that the required temperature and / or cooling amount of the cooling medium is provided as quickly as possible, without this fouling is to be feared.
- the second control circuit has a third controller; in particular PT] controller, which has as a control parameter in particular a time constant.
- the control parameters in particular a T 1 element, can be adjustable as a function of the fouling state of the heat exchanger and / or as a function of a heat transfer coefficient k of the heat exchanger. This makes it possible to take into account the changing over the service life fouling state of the heat exchanger in the scheme.
- the system has a temperature measuring device with the aid of which a heat exchanger outlet temperature can be measured.
- the measured heat exchanger outlet temperature can be compared with a calculated by the computer unit heat exchanger outlet temperature.
- Fouling state of the heat exchanger or the heat transfer coefficient k of the heat exchanger can be determined.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the system according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 is a schematic control circuit representation of the method according to the invention.
- the plant 10 shown in Fig. 1 has a crystallizer 12, which is connected to a heat exchanger 14 in a circle. From the crystallizer 12 exits an exit stream 16, which branches into a product stream 18 and a heat exchanger 20 stream. The heat exchanger 20 flows into the heat exchanger 14. From the heat exchanger 14 flows a heat exchanger outlet stream 22 to the crystallizer 12th
- the heat exchanger outlet stream 22 a feed stream 24 is supplied.
- the feed stream 24 can also be supplied to the heat exchanger stream 20.
- a circuit 26 is formed, in which a pump 28 is arranged to promote the suspension 26 located in the circulation.
- the amount of feed stream 24, that is, in particular the mass flow, can be adjusted by a first valve 30 arranged in the feed stream 24.
- the product stream 18 may have a second valve 32 to adjust the amount of product withdrawn from the circuit 26. Since the system is particularly completely filled, just as much fluid from the circuit 26 is challenged in continuous operation via the product stream 18, as is supplied via the feed stream 24 to the circuit 26.
- the supplied via the circuit 26 to the heat exchanger 14 medium is cooled in the heat exchanger 14 by means of a cooling medium, which is conveyed by means of a cooling pump 34 in a cooling circuit 36 in a circle.
- a cooling medium which is conveyed by means of a cooling pump 34 in a cooling circuit 36 in a circle.
- a cooling circuit 36 in the cooling circuit 36 is a
- Cooling heat exchanger 38 is arranged, with the help of the cooling medium to a defined
- Temperature can be regulated. Via a third valve 40, an external coolant for cooling the cooling medium through the cooling heat exchanger 38 can be conveyed via an external cooling line 42.
- the outlet temperature of the outlet flow 16 is measured, which is to be controlled by the method according to the invention.
- the temperature and the mass flow of the feed stream 24 are measured in order to be able to calculate the required manipulated variables with the aid of this information for the heat exchanger 14.
- the temperature and the mass flow of the heat exchanger flow 20 can be measured at the input of the heat exchanger 14 with the aid of a third measuring device 48.
- the temperature of the heat exchanger outlet flow 22 can be measured at the outlet of the heat exchanger 14 with the aid of a fourth measuring device 50.
- the temperature of the cooling medium entering the heat exchanger 14 of the cooling circuit 36 is adjusted, this temperature being determined by means of a fifth flow Measuring device 52 can be measured. Since this temperature is to be adjusted via the cooling heat exchanger 38, it makes sense to measure the temperature and the mass flow of the cooling medium in the cooling circuit 36 via a sixth measuring device 54 before the cooling medium enters the cooling heat exchanger 38. With the aid of a measuring device 56, the temperature and the mass flow of the entering into the heat exchanger 38 external coolant for adjusting the
- Temperature and the cooling medium of the cooling circuit 36 are measured. With the aid of the measured information, the third valve 40 of the external coolant flow 42 can be set. Furthermore, depending on the measured quantities, the power of the cooling pump 34 can be varied.
- the control circuit 58 shown in FIG. 2 is designed in a cascaded manner and has an outer first control circuit 60 and an inner second control circuit 62.
- the first control circuit 60 has a comparison unit 64, in which the outlet temperature of the outlet flow 16 from the crystallizer 12 is compared with a desired value. Based on this comparison, a setpoint for the. Is set by means of a slowly set first PID controller 66
- Heat exchanger outlet temperature of the heat exchanger outlet flow 22 determined.
- the temperature of the cooling medium of the cooling circuit 36 entering the heat exchanger 14 is regulated with the aid of a rapidly adjusted second PID controller 68.
- the heat exchanger outlet temperature is controlled, which in turn has an influence on the crystallization apparatus 12, so that the outlet temperature of the emerging from the crystallizer 12 exit stream 16 can be controlled.
- a computer unit 70 is provided in the second control circuit 62 which, depending on the mass flow of the feed stream 24 and / or the mass flow of the outlet stream 16, sets a heat exchanger 14
- Heat exchanger 14 are taken into account, for example, by the heat transfer coefficient k of the heat exchanger 14 is determined. Furthermore, further information can be processed, which are available in particular by the measuring devices 44, 46, 48, 50, 52, 56 provided anyway.
- the calculated heat exchanger capacity for the heat exchanger 14 is determined by a PT 1 -
- Regulator 72 passed temporally damped. For this purpose, a correction term is determined, which corrects the output by the first PID controller 66 heat exchanger target exit temperature. Too much variation of the heat exchanger target outlet temperature is thereby avoided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Software Systems (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
- Medical Informatics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Control Of Temperature (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007062422A DE102007062422A1 (de) | 2007-12-20 | 2007-12-20 | Verfahren und Anlage zur Regelung eines kontinuierlichen Kristallisationsprozesses |
| PCT/EP2008/010693 WO2009080243A1 (de) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-16 | Verfahren und anlage zur regelung eines kontinuierlichen kristallisationsprozesses |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2225020A1 true EP2225020A1 (de) | 2010-09-08 |
Family
ID=40527418
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08865425A Withdrawn EP2225020A1 (de) | 2007-12-20 | 2008-12-16 | Verfahren und anlage zur regelung eines kontinuierlichen kristallisationsprozesses |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090159257A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP2225020A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2011506507A (de) |
| KR (1) | KR20100105837A (de) |
| CN (1) | CN101939092A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102007062422A1 (de) |
| TW (1) | TW200942322A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2009080243A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101797485B (zh) * | 2010-04-08 | 2013-04-10 | 葫芦岛辉宏有色金属有限公司 | 一种输送易结晶液体的方法 |
| CN103406074B (zh) * | 2013-08-21 | 2015-09-30 | 杭州和利时自动化有限公司 | 一种反应釜加料的方法及装置 |
| WO2018065834A1 (en) | 2016-07-22 | 2018-04-12 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | A method for the continuous manufactore of bisphenol a |
| CN110398996B (zh) * | 2019-08-19 | 2024-09-03 | 盛昌科技(深圳)有限公司 | 一种热交换冷却温度传感器和热交换冷却温度传感设备 |
| CN114111437B (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2024-07-26 | 湖南永杉锂业有限公司 | 一种换热器结垢处理系统及其控制方法 |
| CN116059681B (zh) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-06-09 | 福建省龙德新能源有限公司 | 用于控制结晶成核的超声控制方法及其系统 |
| CN117250872B (zh) * | 2023-11-20 | 2024-01-30 | 成都大学 | 一种输电线路舞动的轴向时滞反馈控制方法 |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NL298375A (de) * | 1963-08-16 | |||
| US3676653A (en) * | 1970-08-28 | 1972-07-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Measurement of heat generated in exothermic reaction |
| US4257105A (en) * | 1979-05-02 | 1981-03-17 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Control of a cracking furnace |
| US4249908A (en) * | 1979-09-11 | 1981-02-10 | Phillips Petroleum Company | Temperature control of exothermic reactions |
| US4714988A (en) * | 1982-03-26 | 1987-12-22 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Feedforward feedback control having predictive disturbance compensation |
| US4488239A (en) * | 1982-04-22 | 1984-12-11 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | Temperature control system for olefin oxidation reactor |
| US4766553A (en) * | 1984-03-23 | 1988-08-23 | Azmi Kaya | Heat exchanger performance monitor |
| EP0486262A1 (de) * | 1990-11-13 | 1992-05-20 | Vinamul Ltd. | Chemisches Verfahren |
| DE4207144A1 (de) * | 1992-03-06 | 1993-09-09 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur regelung von waermeuebertragern |
| US6063877A (en) * | 1997-07-31 | 2000-05-16 | Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation | Control of gas phase polymerization reactions |
| US6165418A (en) * | 1998-06-29 | 2000-12-26 | Mobil Oil Corporation | System for controlling temperature of a continuous polymerization process |
| DE102004021423A1 (de) * | 2004-04-30 | 2005-12-01 | Siemens Ag | Verfahren und Einrichtung zur Ermittlung der Leistungsfähigkeit eines Wärmetauschers |
-
2007
- 2007-12-20 DE DE102007062422A patent/DE102007062422A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2008
- 2008-12-16 JP JP2010538434A patent/JP2011506507A/ja active Pending
- 2008-12-16 KR KR1020107013586A patent/KR20100105837A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-16 WO PCT/EP2008/010693 patent/WO2009080243A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2008-12-16 CN CN2008801213440A patent/CN101939092A/zh active Pending
- 2008-12-16 EP EP08865425A patent/EP2225020A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-12-19 TW TW097149562A patent/TW200942322A/zh unknown
- 2008-12-22 US US12/341,270 patent/US20090159257A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2009080243A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2009080243A1 (de) | 2009-07-02 |
| US20090159257A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
| DE102007062422A1 (de) | 2009-06-25 |
| KR20100105837A (ko) | 2010-09-30 |
| JP2011506507A (ja) | 2011-03-03 |
| TW200942322A (en) | 2009-10-16 |
| CN101939092A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
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