EP2221540A2 - Chamber cladding for boiler - Google Patents
Chamber cladding for boiler Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2221540A2 EP2221540A2 EP10001807A EP10001807A EP2221540A2 EP 2221540 A2 EP2221540 A2 EP 2221540A2 EP 10001807 A EP10001807 A EP 10001807A EP 10001807 A EP10001807 A EP 10001807A EP 2221540 A2 EP2221540 A2 EP 2221540A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- panels
- lining
- filling space
- lining according
- boiler
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
- F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
- F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
- F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
- F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
- F23B90/00—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus
- F23B90/04—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion
- F23B90/06—Combustion methods not related to a particular type of apparatus including secondary combustion the primary combustion being a gasification or pyrolysis in a reductive atmosphere
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
- F23G7/105—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses of wood waste
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
- F24B13/00—Details solely applicable to stoves or ranges burning solid fuels
- F24B13/02—Arrangement or mountings of fire-grate assemblies; Arrangement or mountings of linings for fire-boxes, e.g. fire-backs
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
- F24H1/0063—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters using solid fuel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
- F23M2900/05001—Preventing corrosion by using special lining materials or other techniques
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
- F23M2900/05002—Means for accommodate thermal expansion of the wall liner
Definitions
- the invention relates to a Basraumausposed for fire, in particular wood gasification boiler, wherein the lining comprises panels of cast metal, in particular gray cast iron, which are arranged along the rising walls of the filling space, and a wood gasification boiler with the Greraumausposed invention.
- the fuel is filled eg in the form of logs in the filling space.
- the boiler heat causes the drying of the residual moisture of the wood used, the gasification of the wood and the pre-combustion of easily combustible components of the wood.
- the boiler is usually made of welded steel sheets, but the filling space lining according to the invention can be used for fire boilers of all kinds.
- the invention relates to the formation of a protective lining of the filling space.
- the filling room is water-bearing. If it is damaged by wear, the boiler is leaking and broken. The wear is due to the temperature load in the lower area - the hot zone - of up to 800C ° and due to chemical stress caused by the combustion process. Furthermore, these components are subject to torsion because only 200 to 300 C ° are present in the upper region of the filling space and thus there is a strong temperature gradient between the top and the bottom.
- Currently used solutions use a steel panel lining as protective linings in the filling space.
- the steel panels are attached freely suspended with appropriate distances to the edge zones for the required thermal expansion above. Problems are that there are unprotected areas in the filling space. Another is after a relatively short time to determine a twist, whereby the filling space is reduced. Furthermore, a bad visual impression is created for the customer. The replacement of these steel panels must be done a few times over the boiler life. Such a device is for example from the DE 298 00 681 U1 known.
- the object of the present invention is inter alia to design a wood fire boiler and its filling space lining in such a way that the lining protects the boiler and in particular the steel sheet metal parts surrounding the filling space from corrosion.
- Thermal stresses should be largely be balanced and not lead to tension in the material or its distortion.
- air cooling should preferably be provided in order to increase the stability. In the case of air cooling, however, it must be ensured that the air supplied does not enter the filling chamber in an uncontrolled manner.
- a replacement of the lining elements should be possible if it comes to damage. In the filling room, the level should be recognizable in order to better estimate the requirement of refilling with fresh wood fuel.
- the following description refers to a wood gasifier boiler with boiler control of a larger number of control parameters, as it corresponds to the modern state of the art.
- the illustrated log wood boiler is a construction with lower burnup.
- the boiler is charged via the filling door.
- the combustion air is supplied with the assistance of a Saugzuggebläses the fuel and the combustion gases.
- Such wood gasification boilers usually work with negative pressure, which means that the boiler must be largely airtight and that the appropriate air for combustion is supplied in controlled form by appropriate controls.
- Such a scheme is known in the art as positively controlled air supply.
- the filling space is cuboidal and lined on the majority of the vertical walls with panels made of cast metal. Down the filling space is closed by a chamotte or steel floor, which has an inserted cast grate. Under this grate is the firebacked combustion chamber. With the induced draft fan, the combustion air is supplied, wherein the primary air is sucked into the filling space. There, the wood is outgassed. In the area of the burner nozzle in the bottom of the filling chamber secondary air is supplied to the hot combustion gases and the combustion gases pass through the underlying combustion chamber to the heat exchanger and the exhaust collector in the flue and from there into the flue.
- the material of the panels is preferably gray cast iron. Casting has the great advantage over steel of significantly better thermal conductivity and acid resistance.
- Panel bottom side The heavily loaded hot zone is equipped with panel side down and is additionally air cooled. Due to the design, the air flow of the primary air is guided in such a way that a cooling effect arises on the panel. At the same time this air is preheated led into the filling space, which brings an improved combustion success.
- the primary air is routed via the boiler distribution pipes through the boiler shell behind the lower panels. Subsequently, the air is guided via the rear cast panel wall to the outlet holes where the air escapes deliberately into the filling space.
- a groove is provided on the casting panel on the boiler side, in which a peripheral sealing cord is inserted laterally and upwards.
- the panel has openings, which screws the panel to the boiler wall with special screws. At the same time, these screws have a core bore, which also primary air is fed into the filling chamber of the boiler. This will also cool the screws.
- a groove is provided at the top of the panel in which the panel side is hung up.
- Front panel - rear For installation, the front panel is pushed in at the rear with the panel side at the bottom on both sides. At the front of the boiler the panel is pushed in so that the closed side is facing upwards. At the same time, the panel at the top gives the door to the filling door. On the rear side of the boiler, the panel is inserted rotated by 180 ° so that the groove points upwards. Through this groove panels are again used top side for the upper part of the boiler rear wall and held by the ceiling panel.
- Panel top side The boiler construction has a large filling volume for a very high fuel quantity or amount of energy intended for burnup. Thus, a complete filling is not possible especially with low heat demand (transition period of the heating season).
- the combustion control can be designed so that the fuel quantity is displayed to the customer during refueling via a special fuel calculation program. This achieves maximum utilization of the boiler filling space without overheating the system.
- This display shows the filling level of the filling space in percent.
- a level indicator with numbers is cast on the cast panels.
- the panel top side has cast on the underside extensions. For attachments, the panel with these extensions is hung in the groove of the panel side down. At the top, the panel side is held up with a ceiling panel. At the same time, the panel for thermal expansion can slide upwards through this attachment.
- FIG. 1 is a partially torn perspective view of the wood fire boiler.
- the FIGS. 2 and 3 show front and back of the panels located on the boiler front and boiler back in the high temperature loaded zone.
- the FIGS. 4 and 5 show front and back of the side panels of the filling liner with the air supply holes and FIGS. 6 and 7 show the arranged on the sides and at the back of the boiler panel elements in the upper part of the filling space.
- FIG. 8 is an oblique view of the ceiling panel.
- the filling chamber 29 of the boiler comprises a hot zone in the lower region and a cold zone in the upper region.
- the fuel in particular in the form of firewood, filled in the filling space 29.
- the burning down on the nozzle block 16 through the nozzle 14 into the combustion chamber 17, which is lined with fireclay and forward to the ash door 6 is open.
- Below the combustion chamber 17 is the ash chamber 19 and the ash tray 7.
- the primary air motor 4 mounted at the front of the boiler controls the supply of the primary air to the hot zone of the filling space, through which the air is fed through the Greraumausposed for combustion of the fuel.
- primary air openings 30, 31 are provided, which are provided laterally in the lining panels 11 of the hot zone.
- the secondary air motor 5 which supplies the secondary air of the secondary air duct 13 of the nozzle 14 via corresponding (not shown here) channels.
- the boiler is controlled by the regulator 1 on the top.
- the cover 28 covers the boiler in all directions.
- the lambda probe 23, which is necessary for control, is seated in the smoke pipe connection 24.
- the two pipes for the supply and return of the water to be heated are formed by the boiler connection 22.
- On three sides of the boiler is covered by the water jacket 21, wherein for better heat transfer and heat exchanger 26 are provided.
- the handle 27 the heat exchanger cleaning can be operated, which takes place in the present case by means of coil springs.
- the combustion chamber 17 is covered at the bottom by a water pocket 18 for the combustion chamber. As mentioned above, the ash falls into the ash chamber 19, where it can be disposed of through the ash door to the outside or into the ash drawer 7.
- the reference numeral 20 denotes a safety heat exchanger.
- the filling space is closed at the top by a ceiling panel 8.
- a ceiling panel 8 In the cold zone of the filling space 29 between the hot zone and the ceiling panel are juxtaposed lining panels. 9
- the boiler lining the wall of the filling chamber comprises only three different types of panels, namely the lining panels of the hot zone, which are arranged laterally and carry the reference numeral 11. Furthermore, a lining panel are arranged in the filling space at each rear and front and bear the reference numeral 10. Finally, a plurality of lining panels 9 are arranged side by side in the cold zone of the filling space.
- FIG. 1 not shown are the air ducts for the primary air and secondary air, so as not to complicate the drawing. But the arrangement of the average person skilled in the art is obvious.
- the supply of the secondary air takes place through corresponding bores in the nozzle block 16.
- the supply of the primary air takes place via air ducts which lie on the outside of the laterally arranged lining panels of the hot zone and allow the air to flow exclusively through the primary air openings 30, 31 into the filling space.
- FIGS. 2, 3 show one of the lining panels for the hot zone of the filling space at the back and front. This panel bears the reference numeral 10.
- the Fig. 2 shows the front of the panels, namely that side which faces the filling space.
- the illustrated rotational position is at the upper edge of the sealing edge 32, which according to back view of FIG. 3 protrudes to the rear.
- the sealing groove 33 is provided on the back.
- this panel 10 is arranged on the front wall of the filling space, where the filling door 3 is provided.
- the sealing edge 32 ensures a tight seal with respect to the frame of the filling door 3 and with respect to the arrangement with the primary air motor 4 and secondary air motor fifth
- this panel 10 In rotated by 180 ° rotational position of this panel 10 is arranged at the back of the filling space, wherein the sealing edge 32 seals the panel down against the nozzle block 16 and wherein the locking groove 33 comes to rest as an upper edge to the overlying panels 9 a Attachment to offer.
- the panels 10 carry ribs 34 at the front, which come to rest approximately vertically in the filling space.
- the back is provided with ribs 35 and grooves 36 to provide the necessary rigidity of the panel with reduced weight and material consumption.
- FIGS. 4, 5 show the front and back of those panels 11 provided on the side walls in the hot zone of the filling space. These panels are provided in the appropriate number.
- the installation direction is exclusively such that the locking grooves 37 provided here also always come to lie upwards, here too vertical ribs 34 are provided on the front side, which is directed to the filling space.
- the fastening of the panels 11 takes place by means of screws 39 which have core bores for forming the primary air openings 31.
- Recesses 38 are provided on the rear side, into which primary air supply openings 30, 31 open.
- the recesses 38 are surrounded by a sealing groove 40 into which a sealing cord, not shown here, can be inserted to the panels to the To be able to connect them tightly connected primary air ducts of the boiler.
- the primary air openings 31 also serve to receive screws with a core hole, which are inserted through these openings and used to screw the panels to the outside boiler construction.
- the screws are provided with a hole lengthwise, so that these core holes serve as flow channels for the primary air.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show front and rear view of the third type of panels, namely the panels 9, which are arranged above the previously described panels 10, 11 in the filling upwards.
- Level indicator provided in order to make an easy check of the filling state of the filling space. For example, here are the numbers 50 to 90 provided as a percentage of the level.
- latching catches 41 On the underside of the panels latching catches 41 are arranged, which can be mounted in the associated locking grooves 37 or 33 of the underlying panels 10 or 11.
- edges 25 of the panels 9 are rounded, wherein instead of a rounding and a wedge-shaped configuration can be given. This rounding facilitates the engagement of the panels 9 during assembly of the Greraumaustruction.
- the ceiling panel 8 which in Fig. 8 is shown in oblique view.
- the flanges 15 bent down on three sides hold the panels 9 along their upper edges 25 without obstructing the movement of the panels 9 due to thermal expansion.
- Fig. 7 shows on the panels 9 also ribs 12 and grooves 2, which contribute to the stiffening of the panels and to the weight reduction and material savings.
- top, bottom, front, back or back refer to the viewer looking at the raised boiler with a view of the filling door.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Füllraumauskleidung für Brandkessel, insbesondere Holzvergaserkessel, wobei die Auskleidung Paneele aus Metallguss, insbesondere Grauguss umfasst, die entlang der aufsteigenden Wände des Füllraumes angeordnet sind, sowie einen Holzvergaserkessel mit der erfindungsgemäßen Füllraumauskleidung.The invention relates to a Füllraumauskleidung for fire, in particular wood gasification boiler, wherein the lining comprises panels of cast metal, in particular gray cast iron, which are arranged along the rising walls of the filling space, and a wood gasification boiler with the Füllraumauskleidung invention.
Bei Holzbrandkesseln und insbesondere Holzvergaserkessel wird das Brennmaterial zB in Form von Holzscheiten in den Füllraum eingefüllt. Dort erfolgt durch die Kesselhitze die Trocknung der Restfeuchte des verwendeten Holzes, die Vergasung des Holzes und die Vorverbrennung der leicht brennbaren Bestandteile des Holzes.In wood fire boilers and in particular wood gasification boiler, the fuel is filled eg in the form of logs in the filling space. There, the boiler heat causes the drying of the residual moisture of the wood used, the gasification of the wood and the pre-combustion of easily combustible components of the wood.
Gemäß Stand der Technik besteht der Kessel zumeist aus geschweißten Stahlblechen, wobei die erfindungsgemäße Füllraumauskleidung aber für Brandkessel aller Art verwendbar ist. Insbesondere betrifft die Erfindung die Ausbildung einer Schutzauskleidung des Füllraumes. Der Füllraum ist wasserführend. Wird dieser durch Verschleiß beschädigt, ist der Kessel undicht und kaputt. Der Verschleiß ergibt sich aufgrund der Temperaturbelastung im unteren Bereich - der Heißzone - von bis zu 800C° und aufgrund chemischer Belastung durch den Verbrennungsprozess. Weiteres sind diese Bauteile auf Verwindung belastet, weil im oberen Bereich des Füllraumes nur 200 bis 300 C° vorliegen und somit ein starkes Temperaturgefälle zwischen oben und unten herrscht. Aktuell verwendete Lösungen verwenden als Schutzauskleidungen im Füllraum eine Stahlpaneelauskleidung. Die Stahlpaneele werden freihängend mit entsprechenden Abständen zu den Randzonen für die benötigte Wärmedehnung oben befestigt. Probleme liegen darin, dass ungeschützte Bereiche im Füllraum bestehen. Weiteres ist nach relativ kurzer Zeit ein Verwinden festzustellen, wodurch der Füllraum verkleinert wird. Weiters entsteht ein schlechter optischer Eindruck für den Kunden. Der Austausch dieser Stahlpaneele muss einige Male über das Kesselleben durchgeführt werden. Eine derartige Vorrichtung ist beispielsweise aus der
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt unter anderem darin, einen Holzbrandkessel und dessen Füllraumauskleidung so auszugestalten, dass die Auskleidung den Kessel und insbesondere die den Füllraum umgebenden Stahlblechteile gegen Korrosion schützt. Thermische Spannungen sollen weitgehend ausgeglichen werden und nicht zu Spannungen im Material oder dessen Verwindung führen. Für den mit hoher Temperatur beaufschlagten Bereich des Füllraums soll bevorzugt eine Luftkühlung vorgesehen sein, um die Standfestigkeit zu erhöhen. Bei der Luftkühlung muss jedoch verhindert werden, dass zugeführte Luft unkontrolliert in den Füllraum eindringt. Weiters soll ein Austauschen der Auskleidungselemente möglich sein, wenn es doch zu einer Beschädigung kommt. Im Füllraum soll der Füllstand erkennbar sein, um das Erfordernis der Nachbefüllung mit frischem Holzbrennmaterial besser abschätzen zu können.The object of the present invention is inter alia to design a wood fire boiler and its filling space lining in such a way that the lining protects the boiler and in particular the steel sheet metal parts surrounding the filling space from corrosion. Thermal stresses should be largely be balanced and not lead to tension in the material or its distortion. For the area of the filling space acted upon with high temperature, air cooling should preferably be provided in order to increase the stability. In the case of air cooling, however, it must be ensured that the air supplied does not enter the filling chamber in an uncontrolled manner. Furthermore, a replacement of the lining elements should be possible if it comes to damage. In the filling room, the level should be recognizable in order to better estimate the requirement of refilling with fresh wood fuel.
Die Erfindung löst die dargestellten Aufgaben unter anderem durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche. Weitere vorteilhafte Merkmale sind den Zeichnungen und der nachfolgenden Beschreibung zu entnehmen.The invention solves the problems presented, inter alia, by the features of the claims. Further advantageous features are shown in the drawings and the description below.
Die nachfolgende Beschreibung bezieht sich auf einen Holzvergaserkessel mit Kesselsteuerung einer größeren Zahl von Steuerparameter, wie es dem modernen Stand der Technik entspricht. Bei dem dargestellten Stückholzkessel handelt es sich um eine Konstruktion mit unterem Abbrand. Die Beschickung des Kessels erfolgt über die Fülltür. Die Verbrennungsluft wird mit Unterstützung eines Saugzuggebläses dem Brennstoff und den Verbrennungsgasen zugeführt. Derartige Holzvergaserkessel arbeiten üblicherweise mit Unterdruck, was bedeutet, dass der Kessel weitgehend luftdicht sein muss und dass über entsprechende Regelungen die zur Verbrennung notwendige Luft in gesteuerter Form zugeführt wird. Eine derartige Regelung ist in Fachkreisen als zwangsgesteuerte Luftzufuhr bekannt.The following description refers to a wood gasifier boiler with boiler control of a larger number of control parameters, as it corresponds to the modern state of the art. The illustrated log wood boiler is a construction with lower burnup. The boiler is charged via the filling door. The combustion air is supplied with the assistance of a Saugzuggebläses the fuel and the combustion gases. Such wood gasification boilers usually work with negative pressure, which means that the boiler must be largely airtight and that the appropriate air for combustion is supplied in controlled form by appropriate controls. Such a scheme is known in the art as positively controlled air supply.
Der Füllraum ist quaderförmig ausgeführt und am überwiegenden Teil der vertikal liegenden Wandungen mit Paneelen aus Metallguss ausgekleidet. Nach unten ist der Füllraum durch einen Schamotte- oder Stahlboden abgeschlossen, der einen eingelegten Gussrost aufweist. Unter diesem Rost befindet sich der schamottierte Brennraum. Mit dem Saugzuggebläse wird die Verbrennungsluft zugeführt, wobei die Primärluft in den Füllraum gesaugt wird. Dort wird das Holz ausgegast. Im Bereich der Brennerdüse im Boden des Füllraums wird den heißen Verbrennungsgasen Sekundärluft zugeführt und die Verbrennungsgase gelangen über den untenliegenden Brennraum zum Wärmetauscher und zum Abgassammler in den Abgasfang sowie von dort in den Rauchfang.The filling space is cuboidal and lined on the majority of the vertical walls with panels made of cast metal. Down the filling space is closed by a chamotte or steel floor, which has an inserted cast grate. Under this grate is the firebacked combustion chamber. With the induced draft fan, the combustion air is supplied, wherein the primary air is sucked into the filling space. There, the wood is outgassed. In the area of the burner nozzle in the bottom of the filling chamber secondary air is supplied to the hot combustion gases and the combustion gases pass through the underlying combustion chamber to the heat exchanger and the exhaust collector in the flue and from there into the flue.
Der Werkstoff der Paneele ist bevorzugt Grauguss. Guss hat den großen Vorteil gegenüber Stahl der wesentlich besseren Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Säurebeständigkeit.The material of the panels is preferably gray cast iron. Casting has the great advantage over steel of significantly better thermal conductivity and acid resistance.
Somit herrscht ein besserer Ausgleich der stark unterschiedlich auftretenden Temperaturen. Weiteres gibt es seit über 100 Jahren Erfahrung mit Gusskesseln, auch in Verbindung mit Holzbrennstoffkesseln, wodurch die Langlebigkeit bezeugt wird. Die Standzeiten der Gusspaneele ist 3 bis 5 mal höher. Durch doppelte Wandstärken der Gusspaneele gegenüber Stahlpaneelen ist eine höhere Speicherkapazität rund um den Vergasungsprozess vorhanden und es werden Schwankungen durch unterschiedliche Brennstoffzusammensetzungen (Feuchte, Dichte, Größe) in der Verbrennung ausgeglichen. Der Abbrand wird gleichmäßiger und stabiler. Auch Spitzentemperaturbelastungen an den Paneelen werden reduziert. Die Konstruktion sieht vor, dass es eine Unterteilung zwischen heißer Zone unten und der kühleren Zone oben gibt.Thus, there is a better balance of the strongly different temperatures. There is also more than 100 years of experience with cast iron boilers, also in combination with wood fuel boilers, demonstrating longevity. The service life of the cast panels is 3 to 5 times higher. The double wall thicknesses of the cast panels compared to steel panels mean that there is a higher storage capacity around the gasification process and that fluctuations due to different fuel compositions (moisture, density, size) in the combustion are compensated. The burn-up becomes more uniform and stable. Even peak temperature loads on the panels are reduced. The design provides that there is a subdivision between the hot zone below and the cooler zone above.
Somit sind drei verschiedene Paneele vorgesehen. Paneel Seite unten: Die hochbelastete heiße Zone wird mit Paneel Seite unten ausgestattet und ist zusätzlich luftgekühlt. Konstruktionsbedingt wird die Luftführung der Primärluft so geführt, dass ein Kühleffekt auf dem Paneel entsteht. Gleichzeitig wird diese Luft vorgewärmt in den Füllraum geführt, was einen verbesserten Verbrennungserfolg bringt. Dazu wird die Primärluft über die Kesselverteilrohre durch den Kesselmantel hinter die unteren Paneele geführt. Anschließend wird die Luft über die hintere Gusspaneelwand bis zu den Austrittslöchern geführt wo die Luft gezielt in den Füllraum austritt. Damit die Luft nicht ungewollt seitlich und nach oben zwischen Paneel und der Kesselinnenwand entweicht, ist am Gusspaneel kesselseitig eine Nut vorgesehen, in der seitlich und oben eine umlaufende Dichtschnur eingesetzt wird. Das Paneel weist Öffnungen auf, wodurch mit speziellen Schrauben das Paneel an die Kesselwand angeschraubt wird. Gleichzeitig weisen diese Schrauben eine Kernbohrung auf, wodurch ebenfalls Primärluft in den Füllraum des Kessels geführt wird. Dadurch werden auch die Schrauben gekühlt. An der Oberseite des Paneels ist eine Nut vorgesehen in der das Paneel Seite oben eingehängt wird.Thus, three different panels are provided. Panel bottom side: The heavily loaded hot zone is equipped with panel side down and is additionally air cooled. Due to the design, the air flow of the primary air is guided in such a way that a cooling effect arises on the panel. At the same time this air is preheated led into the filling space, which brings an improved combustion success. For this purpose, the primary air is routed via the boiler distribution pipes through the boiler shell behind the lower panels. Subsequently, the air is guided via the rear cast panel wall to the outlet holes where the air escapes deliberately into the filling space. So that the air does not unintentionally escapes laterally and upwards between the panel and the inner wall of the boiler, a groove is provided on the casting panel on the boiler side, in which a peripheral sealing cord is inserted laterally and upwards. The panel has openings, which screws the panel to the boiler wall with special screws. At the same time, these screws have a core bore, which also primary air is fed into the filling chamber of the boiler. This will also cool the screws. At the top of the panel a groove is provided in which the panel side is hung up.
Paneel vorne - hinten: Für die Montage wird das Paneel vorne hinten mit den Paneel Seite unten an beiden Seiten verkeilt eingeschoben. An der Kesselvorderseite wird das Paneel so eingeschoben, dass die geschlossene Seite nach oben zeigt. So ergibt das Paneel an der Oberkante gleichzeitig den Abschluss zur Fülltüre. An der Kesselhinterseite wird das Paneel um 180° gedreht eingeschoben, sodass die Nut nach oben zeigt. Durch diese Nut werden wieder Paneele Seite oben für den Oberteil der Kesselhinterwand eingesetzt und durch das Deckenpaneel gehalten.Front panel - rear: For installation, the front panel is pushed in at the rear with the panel side at the bottom on both sides. At the front of the boiler the panel is pushed in so that the closed side is facing upwards. At the same time, the panel at the top gives the door to the filling door. On the rear side of the boiler, the panel is inserted rotated by 180 ° so that the groove points upwards. Through this groove panels are again used top side for the upper part of the boiler rear wall and held by the ceiling panel.
Paneel Seite oben: Die Kesselkonstruktion hat ein großes Füllvolumen für eine sehr hohe Brennstoffmenge bzw. Energiemenge für einen Abbrand vorgesehen. Somit ist eine vollständige Befüllung speziell bei wenig Wärmebedarf (Übergangszeit der Heizperiode) nicht möglich. Die Verbrennungsregelung kann so konzipiert sein, dass über ein spezielles Brennstoffberechnungsprogramm dem Kunden die Brennstoffmenge beim Nachlegen angezeigt wird. Dadurch erreicht man eine maximale Ausnützung des Kesselfüllraumes ohne Überhitzung der Anlage. Diese Anzeige zeigt den Füllgrad des Füllraumes in Prozent an. Dazu ist auf den Gusspaneelen eine Füllgradanzeige mit Ziffern mitgegossen. Das Paneel Seite oben hat an der Unterseite Fortsätze angegossen. Für die Befestigungen wird das Paneel mit diesen Fortsätzen in die Nut des Paneels Seite unten eingehängt. Oben wird das Paneel Seite oben mit einem Deckenpaneel gehalten. Gleichzeitig kann durch diese Befestigung das Paneel für die Wärmedehnung nach oben gleiten.Panel top side: The boiler construction has a large filling volume for a very high fuel quantity or amount of energy intended for burnup. Thus, a complete filling is not possible especially with low heat demand (transition period of the heating season). The combustion control can be designed so that the fuel quantity is displayed to the customer during refueling via a special fuel calculation program. This achieves maximum utilization of the boiler filling space without overheating the system. This display shows the filling level of the filling space in percent. For this purpose, a level indicator with numbers is cast on the cast panels. The panel top side has cast on the underside extensions. For attachments, the panel with these extensions is hung in the groove of the panel side down. At the top, the panel side is held up with a ceiling panel. At the same time, the panel for thermal expansion can slide upwards through this attachment.
Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispieles näher beschrieben.The invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment.
Der Füllraum 29 des Kessels umfasst im unteren Bereich eine Heißzone und im oberen Bereich eine Kaltzone. Durch die Fülltüre 3 wird das Brennmaterial, insbesondere in Form von Stückholz, in den Füllraum 29 eingefüllt. Der Abbrand erfolgt nach unten auf dem Düsenstein 16 durch die Düse 14 in die Brennkammer 17, die mit Schamotte ausgekleidet und nach vorne zur Aschentür 6 offen ist. Unter der Brennkammer 17 befindet sich der Aschenraum 19 und die Aschenlade 7. Der an der Vorderseite des Kessels angebrachte Primärluftmotor 4 steuert die Zufuhr der Primärluft zur Heißzone des Füllraums, in der durch die Füllraumauskleidung hindurch die Luft zur Verbrennung des Brennstoffs zugeführt wird. Zu diesem Zweck sind Primärluftöffnungen 30, 31 vorgesehen, die in den Auskleidungspaneelen 11 der Heißzone seitlich vorgesehen sind.The filling
Für die Bereitstellung der Sekundärluft dient der Sekundärluftmotor 5, der über entsprechende (hier nicht weiter dargestellte) Kanäle die Sekundärluft der Sekundärluftführung 13 der Düse 14 zuführt.For the provision of the secondary air is the
Die Regelung des Heizkessels erfolgt über den an der Oberseite angeordneten Regler 1. Die Verkleidung 28 deckt den Heizkessel nach allen Seiten hin ab. Im Rauchrohranschluss 24 sitzt die zur Regelung notwendige Lambdasonde 23. Die beiden Rohre für den Vorlauf und Rücklauf des zu beheizenden Wassers sind durch den Kesselanschluss 22 gebildet. An drei Seiten ist der Kessel durch den Wassermantel 21 umhüllt, wobei zur besseren Wärmeübertragung auch noch Wärmetauscher 26 vorgesehen sind. Über den Handgriff 27 kann die Wärmetauscherreinigung betrieben werden, die im vorliegenden Fall mittels Spiralfedern erfolgt.The boiler is controlled by the
Die Brennkammer 17 ist nach unten hin durch eine Wassertasche 18 für die Brennkammer abgedeckt. Die Asche fällt wie oben bereits gesagt in den Aschenraum 19, und kann dort durch die Aschentür nach außen oder in die Aschenlade 7 entsorgt werden. Mit dem Bezugszeichen 20 ist ein Sicherheitswärmetauscher bezeichnet.The
Der Füllraum ist nach oben hin durch ein Deckenpaneel 8 abgeschlossen. In der Kaltzone des Füllraums 29 zwischen der Heißzone und dem Deckenpaneel befinden sich nebeneinander angeordnete Auskleidungspaneele 9.The filling space is closed at the top by a
Die Kesselauskleidung der Wand des Füllraumes umfasst lediglich drei verschiedene Paneeltypen, nämlich die Auskleidungspaneele der Heißzone, die seitlich angeordnet sind und das Bezugszeichen 11 tragen. Weiters sind je ein Auskleidungspaneel im Füllraum hinten und vorne angeordnet und tragen das Bezugszeichen 10. Schließlich sind eine Vielzahl von Auskleidungspaneelen 9 nebeneinander in der Kaltzone des Füllraums angeordnet.The boiler lining the wall of the filling chamber comprises only three different types of panels, namely the lining panels of the hot zone, which are arranged laterally and carry the
In
Die
Die
In um 180° gedrehter Drehlage ist dieses Paneel 10 an der Rückseite des Füllraums angeordnet, wobei die Dichtkante 32 das Paneel nach unten gegenüber dem Düsenstein 16 abdichtet und wobei die Rastnut 33 als obere Kante zu liegen kommt, um für die darüber liegenden Paneele 9 eine Befestigung zu bieten.In rotated by 180 ° rotational position of this
Weiters tragen die Paneele 10 Rippen 34 an der Vorderseite, die etwa senkrecht im Füllraum zu liegen kommen. Die Rückseite ist mit Rippen 35 und Nuten 36 versehen, um die notwendige Steifheit des Paneels bei verringertem Gewicht und verringertem Materialverbrauch zu gewährleisten.Furthermore, the
Die
An der Rückseite sind Ausnehmungen 38 vorgesehen, in die Primärluftzufuhröffnungen 30, 31 münden. Die Ausnehmungen 38 sind von einer Dichtnut 40 umgeben, in die eine hier nicht dargestellte Dichtschnur eingelegt werden kann, um die Paneele an die ihnen zugeordneten Primärluftkanäle des Kessels dicht anschließen zu können. Die Primärluftöffnungen 31 dienen auch zur Aufnahme von Schrauben mit Kernloch, die durch diese Öffnungen durchgesteckt und dazu verwendet werden, die Paneele mit der außenliegenden Kesselkonstruktion zu verschrauben. Die Schrauben sind der Länge nach mit einem Loch versehen, sodass diese Kernlöcher als Strömkanäle für die Primärluft dienen.
Die
An der Vorderseite tragen die Paneele 9 lotrechte Rippen 34, wie auch die übrigen Paneele des Füllraums. Weiters sind an der Vorderseite gemäß
An der Unterseite der Paneele sind Rastfortsätze 41 angeordnet, die in die zugehörigen Rastnuten 37 oder 33 der darunterliegenden Paneele 10 oder 11 eingehängt werden können.On the underside of the
Nach obenhin sind die Kanten 25 der Paneele 9 abgerundet, wobei statt einer Rundung auch eine keilförmige Ausgestaltung gegeben sein kann. Diese Abrundung erleichtert das Einrasten der Paneele 9 bei der Montage der Füllraumauskleidung.At the top, the
Nach obenhin wird der Füllraum abgeschlossen durch das Deckenpaneel 8, welches in
Die Rückseite gemäß
Die Begriffe oben, unten, vorne, hinten oder rückwärtig beziehen sich darauf, dass der Betrachter den aufgestellten Heizkessel mit Blick auf die Fülltür betrachtet.The terms top, bottom, front, back or back refer to the viewer looking at the raised boiler with a view of the filling door.
- 11
- Reglerregulator
- 22
- Nutengroove
- 33
- Fülltürloading door
- 44
- PrimärluftmotorPrimary air motor
- 55
- SekundärluftmotorSecondary air engine
- 66
- Aschentürash door
- 77
- Aschenladeash tray
- 88th
- Deckenpaneelceiling
- 99
- AuskleidungspaneelAuskleidungspaneel
- 1010
- AuskleidungspaneelAuskleidungspaneel
- 1111
- AuskleidungspaneelAuskleidungspaneel
- 1212
- Rippenribs
- 1313
- SekundärluftführungSecondary air duct
- 1414
- Düsejet
- 1515
- Flanscheflanges
- 1616
- Düsensteinnozzle block
- 1717
- Brennkammercombustion chamber
- 1818
- Wassertaschewater bag
- 1919
- Aschenraumash space
- 2020
- SicherheitswärmetauscherSafety heat exchanger
- 2121
- Wassermantelwater jacket
- 2222
- Kesselanschlussboiler connection
- 2323
- Lambdasondelambda probe
- 2424
- RauchrohranschlussFlue pipe connection
- 2525
- Kantenedge
- 2626
- Wärmetauscherheat exchangers
- 2727
- Handgriffhandle
- 2828
- Verkleidungpaneling
- 2929
- Füllraumfilling space
- 3030
- PrimärluftöffnungenPrimary air openings
- 3131
- PrimärluftöffnungenPrimary air openings
- 3232
- Dichtkantesealing edge
- 3333
- Rastnutlocking groove
- 3434
- Rippenribs
- 3535
- Rippenribs
- 3636
- Nutengroove
- 3737
- Rastnutenlocking grooves
- 3838
- Ausnehmungenrecesses
- 3939
- Schraubenscrew
- 4040
- Dichtnutsealing groove
- 4141
- RastfortsätzeRest extensions
Claims (17)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT3032009A AT507680B1 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2009-02-24 | FILLING FACILITY FOR BRAND BOILER |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2221540A2 true EP2221540A2 (en) | 2010-08-25 |
EP2221540A3 EP2221540A3 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
Family
ID=42237164
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP10001807.6A Withdrawn EP2221540A3 (en) | 2009-02-24 | 2010-02-23 | Chamber cladding for boiler |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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EP (1) | EP2221540A3 (en) |
AT (1) | AT507680B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010047432A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Spartherm Feuerungstechnik Gmbh | Apparatus for burning solid fuels |
KR20220069212A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | (주)규원테크 | Downdraft Firewood Boiler |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102011008221B4 (en) * | 2011-01-10 | 2013-06-13 | Het Heiz- & Energietechnik Entwicklungs Gmbh | Water-bearing boiler, buffer tank and method for producing a water-conducting conversion element |
CN102644915A (en) * | 2012-05-05 | 2012-08-22 | 刘善华 | Solid fuel flat blowing type heat energy generator |
DE102014117654A1 (en) * | 2014-12-02 | 2016-06-02 | Cb Bioenergy Gmbh | Heating system for outdoor operation |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29800681U1 (en) | 1998-01-19 | 1999-05-20 | Paul Kuenzel Gmbh & Co | Filling room lining for a wood gasification boiler |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3511934A1 (en) * | 1985-04-01 | 1986-10-09 | Fidanosch AG, Evilard | Stove |
DE19706077A1 (en) * | 1997-02-17 | 1998-08-20 | Loesche Gmbh | Hot gas generator with burner for dust fuels |
DE102006009335A1 (en) * | 2006-03-01 | 2007-09-06 | Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg | Heating boilers, in particular for solid biomass |
-
2009
- 2009-02-24 AT AT3032009A patent/AT507680B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2010
- 2010-02-23 EP EP10001807.6A patent/EP2221540A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29800681U1 (en) | 1998-01-19 | 1999-05-20 | Paul Kuenzel Gmbh & Co | Filling room lining for a wood gasification boiler |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102010047432A1 (en) * | 2010-10-04 | 2012-04-05 | Spartherm Feuerungstechnik Gmbh | Apparatus for burning solid fuels |
KR20220069212A (en) * | 2020-11-20 | 2022-05-27 | (주)규원테크 | Downdraft Firewood Boiler |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2221540A3 (en) | 2013-07-24 |
AT507680A4 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
AT507680B1 (en) | 2010-07-15 |
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