EP2218905B1 - Injektor und Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff - Google Patents
Injektor und Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2218905B1 EP2218905B1 EP20090002221 EP09002221A EP2218905B1 EP 2218905 B1 EP2218905 B1 EP 2218905B1 EP 20090002221 EP20090002221 EP 20090002221 EP 09002221 A EP09002221 A EP 09002221A EP 2218905 B1 EP2218905 B1 EP 2218905B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- closing element
- flow
- cartridge
- guiding surface
- fuel
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/04—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series
- F02M61/08—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00 having valves, e.g. having a plurality of valves in series the valves opening in direction of fuel flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1873—Valve seats or member ends having circumferential grooves or ridges, e.g. toroidal
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/1893—Details of valve member ends not covered by groups F02M61/1866 - F02M61/188
Definitions
- the invention relates to a fuel injector and a method for injecting fuel and relates particularly to an injector and a method for injecting fuel into an internal combustion engine.
- spray targeting performance is fundamental for a mixture preparation in a spark plug area.
- evaporation of gasoline provided in a first of multiple successive injections in a high temperature environment induces an upward flow field perturbing the successive injections and changing a direction of a spray. This leads to fluctuations of a spray cone angle. Engine misfire and increase of emissions may occur as a consequence.
- GB 22 084 249 A discloses a fuel injector for an internal combustion engine which comprises a central orifice.
- a control pin is included by a valve element of the fuel injector.
- the control pin obturates the central nozzle above the halfway point of the stroke of the valve element.
- the fuel injector comprises at least one further injection bore for the upper engine load and speed range.
- US 2007/0120087 A1 discloses a valve for controlling fluids that are at high pressure.
- a seat face fora conical valve member is embodied on a valve body, and the seat face extends in inclined fashion in the valve body.
- the conical valve member has a multiconical geometry in the valve seat region, which at least one first conical face and one second conical face, which have different cone angles from one another.
- JP H03-225068 A discloses an in-cylinder fuel injection device which has annular protrusions. The annular protrusions protruding outward are formed at least at one of the tip peripheral edge part of the valve head of a valve member for closing an injection nozzle inward from the outside of a body and the opening peripheral edge part of the nozzle of the body.
- the object of the invention is to provide an injector and a method for injecting fuel that allows for a stable and dependable spray pattern.
- the invention is characterized by an injector according to claim 1.
- An advantage is that with such injector a stable and dependable spray pattern may be created that is conical or that is broader at the beginning during the first time period than later during the second time period, that is, the spray pattern does not have a collapsed form. This enables for a low interaction of fuel when injected in rapid succession. This allows for a low emission and low consumption operation of an internal combustion engine when fuel is injected into the internal combustion engine, particularly during stratified operation.
- the deflection element is formed as an annular deflection element to allow for a uniform distribution of the fuel without interruptions 360 degrees around the longitudinal axis of the cartridge.
- the deflection element is dimensioned thick enough to deflect the fuel flow from the first to the second flow direction when the fuel flow is guided by the flow guiding surface of the closing element.
- the deflection element is further dimensioned thin enough to not deflect the fuel flow when the fuel flow is guided by the flow guiding surface of the cartridge.
- the third flow direction is therefore essentially determined by the flow guiding surface of the cartridge, not by the deflection element.
- the fuel flow essentially is represented by a core flow of all fuel passing a gap between the valve seat of the cartridge and the contact area of the closing element. The deflection or non-deflection of the fuel flow therefore respectively involves the deflection or non-deflection of the core flow.
- a thickness of the deflection element amounts to 0.2 to 2 micrometers.
- a distance of an upstream edge of the deflection element from the outer edge of the closing element amounts to 2 to 20 micrometers.
- the deflection element is formed as a coating.
- the deflection element is formed as a plastic deformation of the closing element.
- Such deflection element may be particularly robust and durable.
- a seat distance between the contact area seated on the valve seat and the outer edge of the closing element amounts to 70 to 160 micrometers. With this seat distance sufficient space is available downstream the contact area and the valve seat for the fuel flow to be guided first by the flow guiding surface of the closing element and second by the flow guiding surface of the cartridge and to enable the take over of the guiding.
- a gap size of a gap between the cartridge and the closing element at the downstream end of the cartridge in the closed position of the closing element amounts to 3 to 8 micrometers.
- the invention is characterized by a method according to claim 8.
- Figure 1 shows an injector for injecting a fluid being fuel.
- the injector is designed for injecting fuel into a cylinder of an internal combustion engine of, for example, a vehicle and particularly an automobile.
- the injector comprises an external tube 1, an internal tube 2 and a valve cap 3.
- the fluid passes through an annular cavity between the external tube 1 and the internal tube 2 and through the valve cap 3.
- the injector further comprises a cartridge 4 with a recess 5 in which a valve needle 6 is arranged axially movable.
- the valve needle 6 comprises a closing element 7 at its downstream end arranged for closing the injector in its closed position inhibiting a fluid flow and for allowing the fluid flow otherwise.
- the injector further comprises a lifting device with an actuator 8 for moving the valve needle 6 in axial direction for opening and closing the injector.
- the actuator 8 preferably is a piezo actuator.
- the actuator 8 may alternatively be, for example, a solenoid actuator.
- a lift generated by the lifting device depends on an axial elongation of the actuator 8 which is dependent on an electric control signal.
- the lifting device is mechanically coupled with the valve needle 6 and cooperates with the valve needle 6 such that at least part of the lift generated by the lifting device is transferred to the valve needle 6 moving the closing element 7 in its closed position or in an open position.
- a closing force is provided to the valve needle 6 by a valve spring 9 which is preloaded during assembly of the injector.
- the injector may be designed differently.
- Figure 2 shows the closing element 7 and figures 3 and 4 show part of a downstream portion of the cartridge 4 and the closing element 7.
- the recess 5 of the cartridge 4 widens conically in the downstream portion of the cartridge 4 up to an edge 10 of the cartridge 4 which represents a downstream end of the cartridge 4.
- a preferably conical inner surface directly upstream the edge 10 of the cartridge 4 forms a flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4.
- This flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 comprises or forms a valve seat 12.
- the closing element 7 comprises a contact area 13. In the closed position of the closing element 7 the contact area 13 is sealingly seated on the valve seat 12 inhibiting the fluid flow.
- the contact area 13 preferably is designed as a rounded portion allowing for a ring-shaped contact line in the closed position of the closing element 7.
- the closing element 7 widens conically downstream the contact area 13 up to an outer edge 14 of the closing element 7.
- a conical surface directly upstream the outer edge 14 of the closing element 7 forms a flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7.
- An angle of the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 with respect to a longitudinal axis of the injector preferably is slightly larger than that of the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7.
- the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 and the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 diverge from the valve seat 12 and contact area 13 in a direction of the fluid flow.
- the angles differ by less than ten degrees and differ even more preferably by less than five degrees.
- the closing element 7 comprises a deflection element 16.
- the deflection element 16 is arranged on the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7.
- the deflection element 16 is formed as an annular deflection element 16 coaxial with respect to a longitudinal axis of the closing element 7.
- the deflection element 16 is continuous without interruptions.
- the deflection element 16 is formed as a coating on the closing element 7 as shown in figure 2 in the left and in the middle detail view or as a plastic deformation as shown in figure 2 in the right detail view. It is considered sufficient to apply the coating only on the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 as shown in the left detail view of figure 2 .
- the deflection element 16 is dimensioned such that the fluid flow is deflected by the deflection element 16 from a first flow direction FD1 upstream the deflection element 16 to a second flow direction FD2 different from the first flow direction FD1 only during a first time period TP1 directly following a beginning of an opening phase of the injector.
- TP1 first time period directly following a beginning of an opening phase of the injector.
- the fluid flow directly prior to injection is guided by the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 and the deflection element 16. This is shown in figure 3 .
- the fluid is injected in the second flow direction FD2 dependent on the dimensions of the deflection element 16.
- An angle of the second flow direction FD2 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the injector is greater than that of the first flow direction FD1. Without the deflection element 16 the fluid would be injected essentially in the first flow direction FD1 dependent on the angle of the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7.
- a second time period TP2 following the first time period TP1 guidance of the fluid flow is taken over from the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 by the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4.
- the fluid flow is no longer effectively deflected by the deflection element 16 and the fluid is injected in a third flow direction FD3 different from the second flow direction FD2 depending on the angle of the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4. Due to only slight differences in the angle of the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 from the angle of the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 the third flow direction FD3 may be slightly different from the first flow direction FD1.
- a sudden opening of the injector that is lifting the closing element 7 from its closed position on the valve seat 12 to an open position, generates a water hammer effect.
- An intensity of the water hammer effect increases with a pressure of the fluid.
- the water hammer effect is responsible for a pressure drop in a primary phase of a hydraulic injection of the fluid. In this primary phase the fluid may be injected with poor momentum compared to a later secondary phase of the hydraulic injection.
- a thickness T of the deflection element 16 is dimensioned such that the fluid flow interacts with the deflection element 16 effectively in the primary phase of the opening of the injector. The interaction decreases in the secondary phase.
- the deflection element 16 is essentially effective when the fluid flow has poor momentum because of the pressure drop due to the water hammer effect and when the fluid flow is guided by the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7.
- the thickness T of the deflection element 16 must be small enough in order to reduce its contribution to a spray angle when in the secondary phase a stabilized lift of the closing element 7 is reached and the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 acts as guiding surface for the fluid flow.
- An influence of the deflection element 16 preferably is negligable during the secondary phase.
- the change of guidance from the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 to the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 is based on an increase of momentum of the fluid flow during the opening phase.
- the first time period TD1 essentially corresponds to the primary phase
- the second time period TD2 essentially corresponds to the secondary phase.
- Figure 5 shows a resulting spray pattern 17.
- the spray pattern 17 has a widened form instead of a collapsed form 18 that would result without the deflection element 16 because of the low momentum of the fluid during the primary phase and the small angle of the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the injector.
- the thickness T of the deflection element 16 preferably amounts to about 0.2 to 2 micrometers.
- the distance D amounts to about 5 to 20 micrometers when the deflection element 16 is formed as the coating.
- the coating is applied over the full distance D. This enables a robust coating and a simple and cost effective manufacturing of the injector.
- the distance D amounts to about 2 to 5 micrometers when the deflection element 16 is formed as the plastic deformation.
- a seat distance S of the valve seat 12 and the contact area 13 from the outer edge 14 of the closing element 7 in the closed position of the closing element 7 preferably amounts to about 70 to 160 micrometers.
- a resulting gap size G between the edge 10 of the cartridge 4 and the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 in the closed position of the closing element 7 preferably amounts to about 3 to 8 micrometers.
- Figure 6 shows a flow chart of a method for injecting fluid.
- the method is performed by the injector.
- the method begins with a step S1.
- the injector and particularly the actuator 8 is provided with the control signal for opening the injector.
- the closing element 7 begins to lift off of the valve seat 12 of the cartridge 4 and the fluid begins to flow through the gap between the contact area 13 and the valve seat 12.
- the point of time T0 represents the beginning of the opening phase of the injector.
- a step S3 within the first time period TP1, the fluid flow is guided by the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 and is deflected by the deflection element 16 and is injected in the second flow direction FD2 as explained above.
- a step S4 within the second time period TP2, the guidance of the fluid flow is taken over from the flow guiding surface 15 of the closing element 7 by the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge 4 and the fluid flow is guided by the flow guiding surface 11 of the cartridge and is injected in the third flow direction FD3 as explained above.
- the method ends in a step S5.
- the method is performed with each injection, that is with each opening phase of the injector.
Claims (8)
- Kraftstoffinjektor, umfassend- ein Schließelement (7), umfassend eine konische Flussführungsfläche (15), die abströmseitig zu einer Kontaktfläche (13) ist, wobei sich die Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements (7) zu einer äußeren Kante (14) des Schließelements (7) erstreckt,- einer Hülse (4) mit einer Kante (10) an einem abströmseitigen Ende der Hülse (4) und mit einer Flussführungsfläche (11), wobei die Flussführungsfläche (11) der Hülse (4) einen Ventilsitz (12) umfasst und angrenzend zum abströmseitigen Ende der Hülse (4) in einem Winkel in Bezug auf eine Längsachse der Hülse (4) angeordnet ist, der größer ist als der der Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements(7), wobei die Kontaktfläche (13) des Schließelements (7) angeordnet ist, in einer geschlossenen Position des Schließelements (7) in dichtendem Kontakt mit dem Ventilsitz (12) zu sein,wobei die Kontaktfläche des Schließelements (7) und der Ventilsitz (12) der Flussführungsfläche (11) der Hülse (4) einen Spalt zum Hindurchgelangen des gesamten Kraftstoffs in der Öffnungsphase des Injektors hin zur äußeren Kante (14) des Schließelements (7) und der Kante (10) der Hülse (4) bilden,
wobei der Kraftstoffinjektor dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass er überdies umfasst:- ein Ablenkelement (16), das an der Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements (7) angeordnet ist, wobei das Ablenkelement (16) so bemessen ist, dass es einen Kraftstofffluss nur während eines ersten Zeitraums (TP1) ablenkt, der direkt auf den Beginn einer Öffnungsphase des Injektors folgt, während der der Kraftstofffluss von der Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements (7) von einer ersten Flussrichtung (FD1), die zuströmseitig zu dem Ablenkelement (16) ist, zu einer zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2), die sich von der ersten Flussrichtung (FD1) derart unterscheidet, dass der Kraftstoff in der zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2) eingespritzt wird, wobei ein Winkel der zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2) in Bezug auf eine Längsachse des Injektors größer ist als der der ersten Flussrichtung (FD1), und dadurchdass die Flussführungsfläche (11) der Hülse (4) angeordnet ist, eine Führung des Kraftstoffflusses von der Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements (7) während eines zweiten Zeitraums (TP2), der direkt auf den ersten Zeitraum (TP1) folgt, zu übernehmen, sodass der Kraftstoff in einer dritten Flussrichtung (FD3) eingespritzt wird, die sich von der zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2) unterscheidet. - Injektor nach Anspruch 1, wobei eine Dicke (T) des Ablenkelements (16) 0,2 bis 2 Mikrometer beträgt.
- Injektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 und 2, wobei ein Abstand (D) einer zuströmseitigen Kante des Ablenkelements (16) von der äußeren Kante (14) des Schließelements (7) 2 bis 20 Mikrometer beträgt.
- Injektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Ablenkelement (16) als Umhüllung gebildet ist.
- Injektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei das Ablenkelement (16) als plastische Verformung des Schließelements (7) gebildet ist.
- Injektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei ein Sitzabstand (S) zwischen der Kontaktfläche (13), die auf dem Ventilsitz (12) sitzt, und der äußeren Kante (14) des Schließelements (7) 70 bis 160 Mikrometer beträgt.
- Injektor nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei eine Spaltgröße (G) des Spalts zwischen der Hülse (4) und dem Schließelement (7) an dem abströmseitigen Ende der Hülse (4) in der geschlossenen Position des Schließelements (7) 3 bis 8 Mikrometer beträgt.
- Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff, umfassend- Führen eines Kraftstoffflusses mit einer konischen Flussführungsfläche (15) eines Schließelements (7) eines Injektors,- wodurch der gesamte Kraftstoff während Zeiträumen (TP1, TP2) von einem Spalt, der zwischen einer Kontaktfläche (13) des Schließelements (7) und einem Ventilsitz (12) einer Flussführungsfläche (11) einer Hülse (4) angeordnet ist, die angrenzend zu einem abströmseitigen Ende der Patrone (4) angeordnet ist, hin zu einer äußeren Kante (14) des Schließelements (7) und einer Kante (10) des Einsatzes (4) strömt, wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass es überdies umfasst:- Ablenken des Kraftstoffflusses mit einem Ablenkelement (16), das an der Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements (7) von einem ersten Flussrichtung (FD1), die zuströmseitig zu dem Ablenkelement (16) ist, zu einer zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2) angeordnet ist, die sich von der ersten Flussrichtung (FD1) während eines ersten Zeitraums (TP1) unterscheidet, der direkt auf einen Beginn einer Eröffnungsphase des Injektors folgt, und Einspritzen des Kraftstoffs in der zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2), wobei ein Winkel der zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2) in Bezug auf eine Längsachse des Injektors größer ist als der der ersten Flussrichtung (FD1) und- Übernehmen einer Führung des Kraftstoffflusses von der Flussführungsfläche (15) des Schließelements (7) und Führen des Kraftstoffflusses mit der Flussführungsfläche (11) der Hülse (4) während eines zweiten Zeitraums (TP2), der dem ersten Zeitraum (TP1) folgt, und Einspritzen des Kraftstoffes in einer dritten Flussrichtung (FD3), die sich von der zweiten Flussrichtung (FD2) unterscheidet.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20090002221 EP2218905B1 (de) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Injektor und Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP20090002221 EP2218905B1 (de) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Injektor und Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2218905A1 EP2218905A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 |
EP2218905B1 true EP2218905B1 (de) | 2015-04-15 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20090002221 Active EP2218905B1 (de) | 2009-02-17 | 2009-02-17 | Injektor und Verfahren zum Einspritzen von Kraftstoff |
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EP (1) | EP2218905B1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DD153167A1 (de) | 1980-09-12 | 1981-12-23 | Hans Gaertner | Mehrstrahl-zapfenduese fuer direkteinspritzung bei verbrennungsmotoren |
JPH03225068A (ja) | 1990-01-31 | 1991-10-04 | Aisan Ind Co Ltd | 筒内燃料噴射装置 |
DE10359302A1 (de) | 2003-12-17 | 2005-07-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ventilkörper mit Mehrfachkegelgeometrie am Ventilstitz |
DE102004053351B4 (de) * | 2004-11-04 | 2007-06-14 | Siemens Ag | Ventil zum Einspriten von Brennstoff |
EP2003331A1 (de) * | 2007-06-12 | 2008-12-17 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ventilanordnung für ein Einspritzventil und Einspritzventil |
-
2009
- 2009-02-17 EP EP20090002221 patent/EP2218905B1/de active Active
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EP2218905A1 (de) | 2010-08-18 |
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