EP2213851B1 - Oil supply equipment for lubricating a cylinder and/or cooling a piston - Google Patents

Oil supply equipment for lubricating a cylinder and/or cooling a piston Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2213851B1
EP2213851B1 EP20090012608 EP09012608A EP2213851B1 EP 2213851 B1 EP2213851 B1 EP 2213851B1 EP 20090012608 EP20090012608 EP 20090012608 EP 09012608 A EP09012608 A EP 09012608A EP 2213851 B1 EP2213851 B1 EP 2213851B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
oil
piston
supply device
oil supply
cylinder
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EP20090012608
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2213851A2 (en
EP2213851A3 (en
Inventor
Frank Maier
Johann-Georg Ulrich
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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Dr Ing HCF Porsche AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
    • F01P3/08—Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oil supply device for lubricating a cylinder and / or for cooling a piston according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention also relates to a combustion engine equipped with such an oil supply device.
  • a generic oil supply device for lubricating and / or cooling pistons and cylinders during various engine operating conditions.
  • the oil supply device comprises a substantially tubular distributor of an oil supply with an inlet which is connected to a pressurized engine oil source, and at least one outlet which is connected to at least one oil supply rail.
  • the oil supply rail includes a longitudinal manifold with integral nozzles of an oil sprayer and mounting brackets.
  • an oil supply device for lubricating a cylinder wall and for cooling a piston in which a valve piston is provided which releases an oil line for the cylinder lubrication at a low oil pressure, wherein at an increased oil pressure another line is released for piston cooling.
  • a valve piston is provided which releases an oil line for the cylinder lubrication at a low oil pressure, wherein at an increased oil pressure another line is released for piston cooling.
  • an internal combustion engine is described, in which a nozzle is provided with a plurality of outputs, with a cylinder wall lubrication and a piston cooling is effected.
  • An oil supply device is known in which two nozzle exits are provided, which intersect in such a way that, depending on the oil pressure, different amounts emerge from the respective nozzle.
  • a retaining pin is provided, with which a valve piston is held in its open position.
  • a temperature-controlled oil spray nozzle for piston cooling which comprises a control valve with a, a control opening associated control member.
  • the latter is biased via a first actuating part into a closing position closing the control opening and biased oppositely via a second actuating part and can be brought into an open position. Due to the fact that the pressure force acting on the control member by the lubricant via the control opening acts perpendicular to the movement of the control member, the first and the second control part can be made correspondingly small.
  • a device for cooling the piston of an internal combustion engine by means of a lubricating oil pump is known, the oil from the lubricating oil circuit each piston via one, an outlet opening having feed line at least at the bottom supplies.
  • the oil is supplied via at least a valve which is designed as a check valve.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing for a generic oil supply device an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, with which the above disadvantages can be at least reduced.
  • the invention is based on the general idea, an oil supply device for lubricating a cylinder and / or for cooling a piston of an internal combustion engine in such a way that the lubrication of the cylinder is constantly, while the cooling of the piston can be activated and thereby can be activated as needed.
  • panschlag and oil foaming are avoided or at least reduced the risk of these phenomena, especially on a cold start of the engine and / or in low-load operating conditions, which on the one hand optimal lubrication of the Pistons in the cylinder liners and on the other hand give a particularly economical operation of the internal combustion engine.
  • the oil supply device has at least one nozzle device, which has an oil inlet and two oil nozzles, one of which is directed to the cylinder and the other to the piston.
  • the latter is preceded by a valve device which opens from a predefined oil pressure.
  • a piston-cylinder unit 1 in each case has a piston 3, which can be displaced in a translatory manner in a cylinder 2.
  • the piston-cylinder unit 1 can be designed as an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle.
  • so-called piston rings 6, which are embedded in an outwardly open annular groove on the piston skirt and slide in the cylinder 2 are usually arranged on the piston 3.
  • a nozzle device 8 of an oil supply device 9 in a connecting rod 7, a nozzle device 8 of an oil supply device 9 (see. Fig. 4 and 5 ), which has at least one oil nozzle 10, which is directed to the cylinder 2 and the lubrication of the cylinder surface is used.
  • Another oil nozzle 10 ' may be directed to the piston 3, for example (see. Fig. 2 and 3 ) and to cool the same at least temporarily sprayed with oil.
  • the oil supply device 9 is now designed such that a lubrication of the cylinder 2 takes place continuously, while the cooling of the piston 3 is switchable, that is, only takes place temporarily.
  • the oil supply device 9 according to the invention thus reduces the supply of oil and in particular injects only oil via the oil nozzle 10 to the cylinder 2 for lubricating the piston 3, in particular in certain engine operating states, such as a cold start in which piston cooling is not required.
  • the oil supply device 9 has a nozzle device 8, which has an oil inlet 12 and two oil nozzles 10, 10 ', one of which is directed to the cylinder 2 and the other to the piston 3.
  • the oil supply device 9 according to the Fig. 3 has these two spatially separate oil nozzles 10 and 10 ', of which also one oil nozzle 10 is directed to the cylinder 2 and the other oil nozzle 10' on the piston 3. It is thus possible in principle to form the oil nozzles 10 and 10 'separately from each other or to combine them in a common nozzle device 8.
  • an oil supply device 9 is shown in which the nozzle device 8 has one of the piston 3 directed to the oil nozzle 10 'upstream valve device 13 which opens from a predefined oil pressure.
  • the valve device 13 has a housing 11 and a valve piston 14, which is biased by a spring 15 in its closing direction. With its open side while the valve piston 14 facing the oil inlet 12.
  • the valve piston 14 In its piston skirt, the valve piston 14 has a passage opening 16, via which from a predefined position of the valve piston 14 there is a connection between the oil inlet 12 and the nozzle 10 'directed onto the piston 3.
  • valve piston 14 has an outwardly open annular groove 17, in which a by means of a spring 15 'acted upon locking pin 18 engages, provided that the valve piston 14 in its closed position as is according to the Fig. 4 is shown.
  • valve piston 14 in its piston skirt on a radial opening 19, which opens on the one hand in the annular groove 17 and on the other hand communicates via a piston interior with the oil inlet 12 communicating.
  • the locking pin 18 biasing spring 15 ' is designed such that the locking pin 18 is adjusted from a predefined oil pressure against the spring force of the spring 15' in its release position and then the valve piston 14 can be moved upwards against the spring 15. As soon as the through-opening 16 reaches a control edge 20, the oil nozzle 10 'communicating with the oil inlet 12 is connected.
  • the cylinder 2 supplying the oil nozzle 10 is permanently connected to the oil inlet 12, so that lubrication of the cylinder 2 can be carried out continuously and independently of individual engine operating conditions.
  • the two oil nozzles 10 and 10 ' can be controlled in such a way that the oil nozzle 10 is always open or controlled as a function of the oil pressure or other map points so that it opens at least in front of the oil nozzle 10'.
  • the oil nozzle 10 is designed such that it can discharge a reduced volume flow with respect to the oil nozzle 10 'and usually impinges on another position in the region of the raceway and thereby can exploit scattering effects.
  • valve device 13 is only above a certain oil pressure limit of the oil pressure in the annular gap 17 so high that the locking pin 18 is pushed back against the spring 15 'and the valve piston 14 releases in its adjustment. Then the valve piston 14 is moved upwards, against the spring 15 to the passage opening 16 reaches the control edge 20 and thereby a communicating connection between the oil inlet 12 and the oil nozzle 10 'is given.
  • Both the valve device 13 for the control of the oil nozzle 10 'and a valve device, not shown, for controlling the oil nozzle 10 can also have electrically or mechanically controllable locking mechanisms.
  • valve piston 14 With a reduction of the oil pressure, the valve piston 14 by the spring 15 back into its seat, that is, in its closed position, adjusted and the locking pin 18 can dip into the annular groove 17, provided that a predefined limit pressure is exceeded.
  • the valve piston 14 thus remains in the control range, even in the case when the oil pressure is below a release pressure at which the locking pin 18 is transferred to its unlocked position.
  • the oil supply device 9, which is integrated, for example, in the connecting rod 7, can generally be supplied with oil of a connecting rod bearing oil supply in the crankshaft.
  • the supply of the oil supply device 9 can be done in principle via openings in the bearing shells 21 and 21 'of the connecting rod bearing.
  • an intermittent or continuous jet formation at the oil nozzle 10 for lubricating the cylinder 2 can be generated.
  • oil supply device 9 With the oil supply device 9 according to the invention, an improved, need-based, oil supply can be achieved and in particular the known from the prior art disadvantages in terms of oil foaming, panschbuchneres, oil aging and consumption disadvantages can be avoided. Also can be prevented that excess oil can pass through the piston rings 6 in the combustion chamber 5 and there leads to increased emissions.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung zum Schmieren eines Zylinders und/oder zum Kühlen eines Kolbens gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Die Erfindung betrifft außerdem einen mit einer derartigen Ölversorgungseinrichtung ausgestatteten Verbrennungsmotor.The present invention relates to an oil supply device for lubricating a cylinder and / or for cooling a piston according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a combustion engine equipped with such an oil supply device.

Aus der DE 10 2005 006 808 A1 ist eine gattungsgemäße Ölversorgungseinrichtung zum Schmieren und/oder Kühlen von Kolben und Zylindern während verschiedener Motorbetriebszustände bekannt. Die Ölversorgungseinrichtung umfasst dabei einen im Wesentlichen röhrenförmigen Verteiler einer Ölversorgung mit einem Einlass, der mit einer unter Druck gesetzten Motorölquelle verbunden ist, und zumindest einem Auslass, der mit zumindest einer Ölversorgungsschiene verbunden ist. Die Ölversorgungsschiene umfasst ein longitudinales Verteilerrohr mit integralen Düsen einer Ölspritzeinrichtung sowie Befestigungshalter. Mit der bekannten Ölversorgungsschiene soll ein verbesserter Motorbetrieb ermöglicht werden.From the DE 10 2005 006 808 A1 For example, a generic oil supply device is known for lubricating and / or cooling pistons and cylinders during various engine operating conditions. The oil supply device comprises a substantially tubular distributor of an oil supply with an inlet which is connected to a pressurized engine oil source, and at least one outlet which is connected to at least one oil supply rail. The oil supply rail includes a longitudinal manifold with integral nozzles of an oil sprayer and mounting brackets. With the known oil supply rail improved engine operation is to be made possible.

Aus der JP 7317519 A ist eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung zum Schmieren einer Zylinderwand und zur Kühlung eines Kolbens bekannt, bei der ein Ventilkolben vorgesehen ist, der bei einem geringen Öldruck eine Ölleitung für die Zylinderschmierung freigibt, wobei bei einem erhöhten Öldruck eine weitere Leitung zur Kolbenkühlung freigegeben wird. In der GB 2 431 219 A ist eine Brennkraftmaschine beschrieben, bei der eine Düse mit mehreren Ausgängen vorgesehen ist, mit der eine Zylinderwandschmierung sowie eine Kolbenkühlung bewirkt wird. Aus der JP 2004346766 A ist eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung bekannt, bei der zwei Düsenausgänge vorgesehen sind, welche, sich derart kreuzen, dass je nach Öldruck unterschiedliche Mengen aus der jeweiligen Düse austreten. Darüber hinaus ist in der JP 2003083020 A eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung beschrieben, bei der ein Haltestift vorgesehen ist, mit dem ein Ventilkolben in seiner geöffneten Stellung festgehalten wird.From the JP 7317519 A an oil supply device for lubricating a cylinder wall and for cooling a piston is known in which a valve piston is provided which releases an oil line for the cylinder lubrication at a low oil pressure, wherein at an increased oil pressure another line is released for piston cooling. In the GB 2 431 219 A an internal combustion engine is described, in which a nozzle is provided with a plurality of outputs, with a cylinder wall lubrication and a piston cooling is effected. From the JP 2004346766 A An oil supply device is known in which two nozzle exits are provided, which intersect in such a way that, depending on the oil pressure, different amounts emerge from the respective nozzle. In addition, in the JP 2003083020 A an oil supply device is described in which a retaining pin is provided, with which a valve piston is held in its open position.

Aus der DE 102 61 180 A1 ist eine temperaturgeregelte Ölspritzdüse zur Kolbenkühlung bekannt, welche ein Regelventil mit einem, einer Steueröffnung zugeordneten Steuerglied umfasst. Letzteres ist über ein erstes Stellteil in eine die Steueröffnung verschließende Endlage vorgespannt und über ein zweites Stellteil entgegengesetzt vorgespannt und in eine geöffnete Stellung bringbar. Durch die Tatsache, dass die durch das Schmiermittel über die Steueröffnung auf das Steuerglied wirkende Druckkraft senkrecht zur Bewegung des Steuergliedes wirkt, können das erste und das zweite Stellteil entsprechend klein ausgebildet werden.From the DE 102 61 180 A1 a temperature-controlled oil spray nozzle for piston cooling is known, which comprises a control valve with a, a control opening associated control member. The latter is biased via a first actuating part into a closing position closing the control opening and biased oppositely via a second actuating part and can be brought into an open position. Due to the fact that the pressure force acting on the control member by the lubricant via the control opening acts perpendicular to the movement of the control member, the first and the second control part can be made correspondingly small.

Aus der DE 10 2004 017 909 A1 ist eine Vorrichtung zur Kühlung der Kolben einer Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Schmierölpumpe bekannt, die Öl aus dem Schmierölkreislauf jedem Kolben über jeweils eine, eine Austrittsöffnung aufweisende Zuführleitung zumindest bodenseitig zuführt. Die Ölzufuhr erfolgt dabei über zumindest ein Ventil, welches als Rückschlagventil ausgebildet ist. Hierdurch soll die Brennkraftmaschine im Hinblick auf ihren Gesamtwirkungsgrad verbessert werden.From the DE 10 2004 017 909 A1 a device for cooling the piston of an internal combustion engine by means of a lubricating oil pump is known, the oil from the lubricating oil circuit each piston via one, an outlet opening having feed line at least at the bottom supplies. The oil is supplied via at least a valve which is designed as a check valve. As a result, the internal combustion engine is to be improved in terms of their overall efficiency.

Zur Sicherung von optimalen tribologischen Verhältnissen zwischen den Reibpartnern Kolben, Kolbenring und Zylinderlaufbahn, wird seit langem Öl an die Zylinderlaufbahn gefördert, um einerseits die Schmier- und Reibungsverhältnisse zu optimieren und andererseits eine Verschleißvermeidung bzw. zumindest eine Verschleißminimierung an den Reibpartnern inklusive der Zylinderlaufbahn zu erreichen. Das bisher zur Verfügung gestellte Angebot an Schmieröl zur Kolbenkühlung bzw. zur Schmierung, geht jedoch oftmals deutlich über die Anforderungen der reinen Zylinderlaufbahnschmierung hinaus und birgt dadurch Nachteile bezüglich einer Ölverschäumung, eines Panschverlustes, einer Ölalterung sowie einer erhöhten Emission, sofern das überschüssige Öl über die Kolbenringe in den Brennraum gelangt und dort verbrennt.To ensure optimum tribological relationships between the friction partners piston, piston ring and cylinder bore, oil has long been promoted to the cylinder bore, on the one hand to optimize the lubrication and friction conditions and on the other hand to avoid wear or at least minimize wear on the friction partners including the cylinder bore , However, the previously made available supply of lubricating oil for piston cooling or lubrication, however, often goes well beyond the requirements of pure cylinder liner lubrication and thus has disadvantages in terms of Ölverschäumung, panschverlustes, oil aging and increased emissions, provided that the excess oil on the Piston rings enters the combustion chamber and burns there.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, für eine gattungsgemäße Ölversorgungseinrichtung eine verbesserte oder zumindest eine alternative Ausführungsform anzugeben, mit welcher vorstehende Nachteile zumindest reduziert werden können.The present invention is concerned with the problem of providing for a generic oil supply device an improved or at least one alternative embodiment, with which the above disadvantages can be at least reduced.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Gegenstände der unabhängigen Ansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matters of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung zum Schmieren eines Zylinders und/oder zum Kühlen eines Kolbens eines Verbrennungsmotors so auszugestalten, dass die Schmierung des Zylinders ständig erfolgt, während die Kühlung des Kolbens zuschaltbar ist und dadurch bedarfsgerecht aktiviert werden kann. Mit der zuschaltbaren Kolbenkühlung werden insbesondere bei einem Kaltstart des Verbrennungsmotors und/oder bei lastarmen Betriebszuständen eine Ölalterung, ein Panschverlust und eine Ölverschäumung vermieden bzw. die Gefahr dieser Phänomene zumindest reduziert, wodurch sich einerseits eine optimale Schmierung der Kolben in den Zylinderlaufbahnen und andererseits eine besonders ökonomische Betriebsweise des Verbrennungsmotors ergeben. Selbstverständlich ist dabei auch denkbar, dass selbst die Schmierung der Zylinder bedarfsgerecht erfolgt, in keinem Fall jedoch gänzlich unterbleibt. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ölversorgungseinrichtung lassen sich darüber hinaus Emissionsvorteile erzielen, da ein Übertritt von Öl aufgrund eines Ölüberangebotes über die Kolbenringe in den Verbrennungsraum nun nicht mehr befürchtet werden muss.The invention is based on the general idea, an oil supply device for lubricating a cylinder and / or for cooling a piston of an internal combustion engine in such a way that the lubrication of the cylinder is constantly, while the cooling of the piston can be activated and thereby can be activated as needed. With the switchable piston cooling oil aging, panschverlust and oil foaming are avoided or at least reduced the risk of these phenomena, especially on a cold start of the engine and / or in low-load operating conditions, which on the one hand optimal lubrication of the Pistons in the cylinder liners and on the other hand give a particularly economical operation of the internal combustion engine. Of course, it is also conceivable that even the lubrication of the cylinder takes place as needed, but in no case completely omitted. With the oil supply device according to the invention can also achieve emission advantages, since a transfer of oil due to an oversupply over the piston rings in the combustion chamber now no longer has to be feared.

Bei einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung, weist die Ölversorgungseinrichtung zumindest eine Düseneinrichtung auf, welche einen Ölzulauf und zwei Öldüsen besitzt, wovon eine auf den Zylinder und die andere auf den Kolben gerichtet ist. Letzterer ist dabei eine Ventileinrichtung vorgeschaltet, die ab einem vordefinierten Öldruck öffnet. Mit dieser Öldüseneinrichtung kann eine besonders kompakte Ölversorgung realisiert werden, welche zugleich über die erwähnte Ventileinrichtung gewährleistet, dass die auf den Kolben gerichtete Öldüse lediglich dann mit Schmieröl versorgt wird, sofern diese zur Kolbenkühlung auch tatsächlich erforderlich ist, während die auf den Zylinder gerichtete Öldüse üblicherweise stets mit Schmieröl versorgt wird und dadurch eine optimale Schmierung des Zylinders gewährleistet.In an advantageous development of the solution according to the invention, the oil supply device has at least one nozzle device, which has an oil inlet and two oil nozzles, one of which is directed to the cylinder and the other to the piston. The latter is preceded by a valve device which opens from a predefined oil pressure. With this oil nozzle device, a particularly compact oil supply can be realized, which ensures at the same time on the mentioned valve means that the piston directed to the oil nozzle is only supplied with lubricating oil, if this is actually required for piston cooling, while the directed to the cylinder oil nozzle usually always supplied with lubricating oil and thus ensures optimum lubrication of the cylinder.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Bevorzugte Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung sind in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und werden in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder ähnliche oder funktional gleiche Bauteile beziehen.Preferred embodiments of the invention are illustrated in the drawings and will be described in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to the same or similar or functionally identical components.

Dabei zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
ein Kolbenzylinderaggregat mit einer in einem Pleuel angeordneten Ölversorgungseinrichtung zur Schmierung einer Zylinderlaufbahn,
Fig. 2
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 1, jedoch mit einer separat angeordneten Ölversorgungseinrichtung,
Fig. 3
eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 1, jedoch mit einer zusätzlichen Öldüse zur Kolbenkühlung,
Fig. 4
eine erfindungsgemäße Ölversorgungseinrichtung nach einer möglichen Ausführungsform,
Fig. 5
ein Beispiel einer Ölversorgungseinrichtung.
Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
a piston-cylinder unit with an oil supply device arranged in a connecting rod for lubricating a cylinder bore,
Fig. 2
a representation like in Fig. 1 but with a separately arranged oil supply device,
Fig. 3
a representation like in Fig. 1 but with an additional oil nozzle for piston cooling,
Fig. 4
an oil supply device according to a possible embodiment,
Fig. 5
an example of an oil supply device.

Gemäß den Fig. 1-3, weist ein Kolbenzylinderaggregat 1 jeweils einen in einem Zylinder 2 translatorisch hin und her verstellbaren Kolben 3 auf. Das Kolbenzylinderaggregat 1 kann dabei als Verbrennungsmotor, insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug, ausgebildet sein. Um einen Kurbelgehäuseinnenraum 4 gegenüber einem Brennraum 5 abzudichten, sind am Kolben 3 üblicherweise sogenannte Kolbenringe 6 angeordnet, die in einer nach außen offenen Ringnut am Kolbenmantel eingelassen sind und im Zylinder 2 entlang gleiten. Wie der Fig. 1 weiter zu entnehmen ist, ist in einem Pleuel 7 eine Düseneinrichtung 8 einer Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 (vgl. Fig. 4 und 5) angeordnet, welche zumindest eine Öldüse 10 aufweist, die auf den Zylinder 2 gerichtet ist und der Schmierung der Zylinderlauffläche dient. Eine weitere Öldüse 10' kann beispielsweise auf den Kolben 3 gerichtet sein (vgl. Fig. 2 und 3) und zur Kühlung desselben diesen zumindest temporär mit Öl bespritzen.According to the Fig. 1-3 , a piston-cylinder unit 1 in each case has a piston 3, which can be displaced in a translatory manner in a cylinder 2. The piston-cylinder unit 1 can be designed as an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle. In order to seal a crankcase interior 4 with respect to a combustion chamber 5, so-called piston rings 6, which are embedded in an outwardly open annular groove on the piston skirt and slide in the cylinder 2, are usually arranged on the piston 3. Again Fig. 1 it can be seen further, in a connecting rod 7, a nozzle device 8 of an oil supply device 9 (see. Fig. 4 and 5 ), which has at least one oil nozzle 10, which is directed to the cylinder 2 and the lubrication of the cylinder surface is used. Another oil nozzle 10 'may be directed to the piston 3, for example (see. Fig. 2 and 3 ) and to cool the same at least temporarily sprayed with oil.

Erfindungsgemäß ist nun die Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 derart ausgebildet, dass eine Schmierung des Zylinders 2 ständig erfolgt, während die Kühlung des Kolbens 3 zuschaltbar ist, das heißt lediglich temporär erfolgt. Hierdurch werden somit die beiden Funktionen Kolbenkühlung und Kolbenschmierung voneinander getrennt und können demgemäß bedarfsgerecht ausgeführt werden, was mit bisherigen Ölversorgungseinrichtungen nicht möglich war. Die erfindungsgemäße Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 reduziert somit insbesondere in bestimmten Motorbetriebszuständen, wie beispielsweise einem Kaltstart, bei welchem eine Kolbenkühlung nicht erforderlich ist, das Ölangebot und spritzt in diesen Fällen lediglich Öl über die Öldüse 10 an den Zylinder 2 zur Schmierung des Kolbens 3.According to the invention, the oil supply device 9 is now designed such that a lubrication of the cylinder 2 takes place continuously, while the cooling of the piston 3 is switchable, that is, only takes place temporarily. As a result, the two functions piston cooling and piston lubrication are thus separated from each other and can therefore be carried out as needed, which was not possible with previous oil supply facilities. The oil supply device 9 according to the invention thus reduces the supply of oil and in particular injects only oil via the oil nozzle 10 to the cylinder 2 for lubricating the piston 3, in particular in certain engine operating states, such as a cold start in which piston cooling is not required.

Gemäß der Fig. 2 weist dabei die Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 eine Düseneinrichtung 8 auf, welche einen Ölzulauf 12 und zwei Öldüsen 10, 10' besitzt, wovon eine auf den Zylinder 2 und die andere auf den Kolben 3 gerichtet ist. Bei der Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 gemäß der Fig. 3 weist diese zwei räumlich voneinander getrennte Öldüsen 10 und 10' auf, wovon ebenfalls die eine Öldüse 10 auf den Zylinder 2 und die andere Öldüse 10' auf den Kolben 3 gerichtet ist. Es ist somit prinzipiell möglich, die Öldüsen 10 und 10' separat zueinander auszubilden oder in einer gemeinsamen Düseneinrichtung 8 zusammenzufassen.According to the Fig. 2 In this case, the oil supply device 9 has a nozzle device 8, which has an oil inlet 12 and two oil nozzles 10, 10 ', one of which is directed to the cylinder 2 and the other to the piston 3. In the oil supply device 9 according to the Fig. 3 has these two spatially separate oil nozzles 10 and 10 ', of which also one oil nozzle 10 is directed to the cylinder 2 and the other oil nozzle 10' on the piston 3. It is thus possible in principle to form the oil nozzles 10 and 10 'separately from each other or to combine them in a common nozzle device 8.

Gemäß Fig. 2 und 3 ist eine Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 gezeigt, bei welcher die Düseneinrichtung 8 eine der auf den Kolben 3 gerichteten Öldüse 10' vorgeschaltete Ventileinrichtung 13 aufweist, die ab einem vordefinierten Öldruck öffnet. Die Ventileinrichtung 13 weist dabei ein Gehäuse 11 und einen Ventilkolben 14 auf, der mittels einer Feder 15 in seine Schließrichtung vorgespannt ist. Mit seiner offenen Seite ist dabei der Ventilkolben 14 dem Ölzulauf 12 zugewandt. In seinem Kolbenmantel weist der Ventilkolben 14 eine Durchgangsöffnung 16 auf, über welche ab einer vordefinierten Stellung des Ventilkolbens 14 eine Verbindung zwischen dem Ölzulauf 12 und der auf den Kolben 3 gerichteten Düse 10' besteht. Ebenfalls weist der Ventilkolben 14 eine nach außen offene Ringnut 17 auf, in welche ein mittels einer Feder 15' beaufschlagter Verriegelungspin 18 eingreift, sofern sich der Ventilkolben 14 in seiner Schließstellung befindet, wie dies gemäß der Fig. 4 dargestellt ist. Darüber hinaus weist der Ventilkolben 14 in seinem Kolbenmantel eine Radialöffnung 19 auf, die einerseits in die Ringnut 17 mündet und andererseits über einen Kolbeninnenraum mit dem Ölzulauf 12 kommunizierend verbunden ist.According to Fig. 2 and 3 an oil supply device 9 is shown in which the nozzle device 8 has one of the piston 3 directed to the oil nozzle 10 'upstream valve device 13 which opens from a predefined oil pressure. The valve device 13 has a housing 11 and a valve piston 14, which is biased by a spring 15 in its closing direction. With its open side while the valve piston 14 facing the oil inlet 12. In its piston skirt, the valve piston 14 has a passage opening 16, via which from a predefined position of the valve piston 14 there is a connection between the oil inlet 12 and the nozzle 10 'directed onto the piston 3. Also, the valve piston 14 has an outwardly open annular groove 17, in which a by means of a spring 15 'acted upon locking pin 18 engages, provided that the valve piston 14 in its closed position as is according to the Fig. 4 is shown. In addition, the valve piston 14 in its piston skirt on a radial opening 19, which opens on the one hand in the annular groove 17 and on the other hand communicates via a piston interior with the oil inlet 12 communicating.

Die den Verriegelungspin 18 vorspannende Feder 15' ist dabei derart ausgebildet, dass der Verriegelungspin 18 ab einem vordefinierten Öldruck entgegen der Federkraft der Feder 15' in seine Freigabestellung verstellt wird und danach der Ventilkolben 14 nach oben entgegen der Feder 15 verschoben werden kann. Sobald die Durchgangsöffnung 16 eine Steuerkante 20 erreicht, wird die Öldüse 10' kommunizierend mit dem Ölzulauf 12 verbunden.The locking pin 18 biasing spring 15 'is designed such that the locking pin 18 is adjusted from a predefined oil pressure against the spring force of the spring 15' in its release position and then the valve piston 14 can be moved upwards against the spring 15. As soon as the through-opening 16 reaches a control edge 20, the oil nozzle 10 'communicating with the oil inlet 12 is connected.

Wie der Fig. 4 dabei zu entnehmen ist, ist die den Zylinder 2 versorgende Öldüse 10 permanent mit dem Ölzulauf 12 verbunden, so dass eine Schmierung des Zylinders 2 kontinuierlich und unabhängig von einzelnen Motorbetriebszuständen erfolgen kann. Generell können dabei die beiden Öldüsen 10 und 10' derart angesteuert werden, dass die Öldüse 10 stets geöffnet ist oder in Abhängigkeit des Öldrucks oder weiterer Kennfeldpunkte so angesteuert wird, dass diese zumindest vor der Öldüse 10' öffnet. Vorzugsweise ist dabei die Öldüse 10 derart ausgelegt, dass sie gegenüber der Öldüse 10' einen reduzierten Volumenstrom ausstoßen kann und üblicherweise an einer anderen Position im Bereich der Laufbahn auftrifft und dadurch Streueffekte ausnutzen kann.Again Fig. 4 can be seen, the cylinder 2 supplying the oil nozzle 10 is permanently connected to the oil inlet 12, so that lubrication of the cylinder 2 can be carried out continuously and independently of individual engine operating conditions. In general, the two oil nozzles 10 and 10 'can be controlled in such a way that the oil nozzle 10 is always open or controlled as a function of the oil pressure or other map points so that it opens at least in front of the oil nozzle 10'. Preferably, the oil nozzle 10 is designed such that it can discharge a reduced volume flow with respect to the oil nozzle 10 'and usually impinges on another position in the region of the raceway and thereby can exploit scattering effects.

Selbstverständlich ist auch denkbar, dass auch der auf den Zylinder gerichteten Öldüse 10 eine nicht gezeigte Ventileinrichtung vorgeschaltet ist, welche den durch die Öldüse 10 strömenden Volumenstrom steuert, diesen jedoch nicht vollständig abstellen kann, so dass ein vordefinierter minimaler Volumenstrom stets durch die Öldüse 10 strömt und dadurch den Zylinder 2 mit Schmieröl beaufschlagt. Bei der gemäß der Fig. 4 dargestellten Ventileinrichtung 13 wird erst ab einem bestimmten Ölgrenzdruck der Öldruck im Ringspalt 17 so hoch, dass der Verriegelungspin 18 entgegen der Feder 15' zurückgeschoben wird und den Ventilkolben 14 in seiner Verstellbewegung freigibt. Hierauf wird der Ventilkolben 14 nach oben verstellt, und zwar entgegen der Feder 15 bis die Durchgangsöffnung 16 die Steuerkante 20 erreicht und dadurch eine kommunizierende Verbindung zwischen dem Ölzulauf 12 und der Öldüse 10' gegeben ist. Sowohl die Ventileinrichtung 13 für die Steuerung der Öldüse 10' als auch eine nicht gezeigte Ventileinrichtung zur Steuerung der Öldüse 10 können dabei auch elektrisch oder mechanisch ansteuerbare Verriegelungsmechanismen aufweisen.Of course, it is also conceivable that the directed onto the cylinder oil nozzle 10 is connected upstream of a valve device which controls the flowing through the oil nozzle 10 volume flow, but this can not turn off completely, so that a predefined minimum flow rate always flows through the oil nozzle 10 and thereby applied to the cylinder 2 with lubricating oil. In accordance with the Fig. 4 shown valve device 13 is only above a certain oil pressure limit of the oil pressure in the annular gap 17 so high that the locking pin 18 is pushed back against the spring 15 'and the valve piston 14 releases in its adjustment. Then the valve piston 14 is moved upwards, against the spring 15 to the passage opening 16 reaches the control edge 20 and thereby a communicating connection between the oil inlet 12 and the oil nozzle 10 'is given. Both the valve device 13 for the control of the oil nozzle 10 'and a valve device, not shown, for controlling the oil nozzle 10 can also have electrically or mechanically controllable locking mechanisms.

Bei einer Reduzierung des Öldrucks wird der Ventilkolben 14 durch die Feder 15 wieder in seinen Sitz, das heißt in seine Schließstellung, verstellt und der Verriegelungspin 18 kann in die Ringnut 17 eintauchen, sofern ein vordefinierter Grenzdruck unterschritten wird. Der Ventilkolben 14 bleibt somit im Regelbereich, auch für den Fall, wenn der Öldruck unterhalb eines Freigabedruckes liegt, bei welchem der Verriegelungspin 18 in seine entriegelte Stellung überführt wird.With a reduction of the oil pressure, the valve piston 14 by the spring 15 back into its seat, that is, in its closed position, adjusted and the locking pin 18 can dip into the annular groove 17, provided that a predefined limit pressure is exceeded. The valve piston 14 thus remains in the control range, even in the case when the oil pressure is below a release pressure at which the locking pin 18 is transferred to its unlocked position.

Die Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9, welche beispielsweise in den Pleuel 7 integriert ist, kann generell auch mit Öl einer Pleuellagerölversorgung in der Kurbelwelle versorgt werden. Die Versorgung der Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 kann dabei prinzipiell über Öffnungen in Lagerschalen 21 und 21' der Pleuellagerung erfolgen. Hierbei kann, je nach Ausführung eine intermittierende oder kontinuierliche Strahlbildung an der Öldüse 10 zur Schmierung des Zylinders 2 erzeugt werden.The oil supply device 9, which is integrated, for example, in the connecting rod 7, can generally be supplied with oil of a connecting rod bearing oil supply in the crankshaft. The supply of the oil supply device 9 can be done in principle via openings in the bearing shells 21 and 21 'of the connecting rod bearing. Here, depending on the design, an intermittent or continuous jet formation at the oil nozzle 10 for lubricating the cylinder 2 can be generated.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ölversorgungseinrichtung 9 kann eine verbesserte, da bedarfsgerechte, Ölversorgung erzielt werden und insbesondere die aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile bezüglich einer Ölverschäumung, eines Panschverlustes, einer Ölalterung sowie Verbrauchsnachteile vermieden werden. Ebenfalls unterbunden werden kann, dass überschüssiges Öl über die Kolbenringe 6 in den Brennraum 5 gelangen kann und dort zu erhöhten Emissionen führt.With the oil supply device 9 according to the invention, an improved, need-based, oil supply can be achieved and in particular the known from the prior art disadvantages in terms of oil foaming, panschverlustes, oil aging and consumption disadvantages can be avoided. Also can be prevented that excess oil can pass through the piston rings 6 in the combustion chamber 5 and there leads to increased emissions.

Claims (9)

  1. Oil supply device (9) for lubricating a cylinder (2) and/or for cooling a piston (3), wherein
    the oil supply device (9) is designed such that lubrication of the cylinder (2) takes place continuously whereas the cooling of the piston (3) is activatable, or such that the lubrication of the cylinder (2) takes place already at a relatively low oil pressure at which cooling of the piston (3) does not yet take place,
    the oil supply device (9) has at least one nozzle device (8) which has an oil inlet (12) and at least two oil nozzles (10, 10'), of which one is directed towards the cylinder (2) and the other is directed towards the piston (3), and
    the nozzle device (8) has a valve device (13) which is positioned upstream of the oil nozzle (10') which is directed towards the piston (3), which valve device opens above a predefined oil pressure,
    characterized in that
    the valve device (13) has a spring-loaded valve piston (14) which has an outwardly open annular groove (17) into which a spring-loaded locking pin (18) engages when the valve piston (14) is situated in its closed position.
  2. Oil supply device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the valve piston (14) faces with its open side towards the oil inlet (12) and has, in its piston skirt, a passage opening (16) via which, beyond a predefined position of the valve piston (14), a connection is produced between the oil inlet (12) and the oil nozzle (10') which is directed towards the piston (3).
  3. Oil supply device according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the valve piston (14) has, in its piston skirt, a radial opening (19) which at one side opens into the annular groove (17) and at the other side is connected in communicative fashion via a piston interior space to the oil inlet (12).
  4. Oil supply device according to Claim 3, characterized in that a spring (15') which preloads the locking pin (18) into its locking position is designed such that, above a predefined oil pressure, the locking pin (18) is moved into its release position counter to the spring force.
  5. Oil supply device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the oil supply device (9) has at least two oil nozzles (10, 10') which are spatially separate from one another and of which one is directed towards the cylinder (2) and the other is directed towards the piston (3).
  6. Oil supply device according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that a valve device is provided which is positioned upstream of the oil nozzle (10) which is directed towards the cylinder (2).
  7. Oil supply device according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the oil nozzle (10) which is directed towards the cylinder (2) and/or the oil nozzle (10') which is directed towards the piston (3) are arranged in a crankcase and/or in a connecting rod (7).
  8. Oil supply device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the locking pin (18) is electrically or mechanically adjustable.
  9. Internal combustion engine having an oil supply device (9) according to one of Claims 1 to 8.
EP20090012608 2009-01-31 2009-10-06 Oil supply equipment for lubricating a cylinder and/or cooling a piston Active EP2213851B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102009006963A DE102009006963A1 (en) 2009-01-31 2009-01-31 Oil supply

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EP2213851A2 EP2213851A2 (en) 2010-08-04
EP2213851A3 EP2213851A3 (en) 2011-04-27
EP2213851B1 true EP2213851B1 (en) 2012-11-14

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CN101793178B (en) 2013-06-12
EP2213851A2 (en) 2010-08-04
EP2213851A3 (en) 2011-04-27
DE102009006963A1 (en) 2010-08-05
CN101793178A (en) 2010-08-04

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