EP2212667A2 - Procede et capteur de mesure de deformations compensees en temperature - Google Patents
Procede et capteur de mesure de deformations compensees en temperatureInfo
- Publication number
- EP2212667A2 EP2212667A2 EP08871454A EP08871454A EP2212667A2 EP 2212667 A2 EP2212667 A2 EP 2212667A2 EP 08871454 A EP08871454 A EP 08871454A EP 08871454 A EP08871454 A EP 08871454A EP 2212667 A2 EP2212667 A2 EP 2212667A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- longitudinal
- pattern
- deformations
- transverse
- terminals
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000247747 Coptis groenlandica Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/16—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force
- G01L5/161—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance
- G01L5/162—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes for measuring several components of force using variations in ohmic resistance of piezoresistors
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2268—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects
- G01L1/2281—Arrangements for correcting or for compensating unwanted effects for temperature variations
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
- G01L1/2287—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges constructional details of the strain gauges
- G01L1/2293—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges constructional details of the strain gauges of the semi-conductor type
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L3/00—Measuring torque, work, mechanical power, or mechanical efficiency, in general
- G01L3/02—Rotary-transmission dynamometers
- G01L3/04—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft
- G01L3/10—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating
- G01L3/108—Rotary-transmission dynamometers wherein the torque-transmitting element comprises a torsionally-flexible shaft involving electric or magnetic means for indicating involving resistance strain gauges
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0009—Force sensors associated with a bearing
- G01L5/0019—Force sensors associated with a bearing by using strain gages, piezoelectric, piezo-resistive or other ohmic-resistance based sensors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for measuring the temperature compensated longitudinal deformations of a zone of a structural element, a sensor for measuring such deformations, and a rolling bearing incorporating at least one such sensor.
- the use of thick-layer type strain gauges is known.
- the gauges used comprise a pattern of a piezoresistive material and a pair of terminals disposed on either side of said pattern in a longitudinal measurement direction along which the electric current flows.
- the gauge is then disposed on the deformation zone so that the deformations of said zone induce those of the pattern and thus a variation of the resistance of said pattern, said variations being able to be measured to determine the values of the longitudinal deformations of the zone.
- the measurements are temperature sensitive so that it may be necessary to compensate the influence of said temperature on these measurements, in order to obtain strain values which are independent of said temperature.
- the object of the invention is to overcome this disadvantage by proposing in particular a method for measuring the longitudinal deformations of an area of an element. structural, said measurements being temperature compensated using a single strain gauge to separately measure pattern strength variations along the longitudinal and transverse directions.
- the invention proposes a method for measuring the temperature compensated longitudinal deformations of a zone of a structural element, said method providing:
- the substrate of a strain gauge on which is formed a pattern of electrically resistive material and two pairs of terminals in electrical contact with the said pattern, the said pattern forming a continuous resistive medium in directions respectively longitudinal and transverse; and said terminals being formed on either side of the pattern in the respectively longitudinal direction for one pair and transverse for the other pair; - to measure alternately the voltage between the pairs of terminals;
- the invention proposes a sensor for measuring the temperature-compensated longitudinal deformations of an area of a structural element, said sensor comprising: at least one strain gauge comprising a substrate on which are formed a pattern of electrically resistive material and two pairs of terminals in electrical contact with said pattern, said pattern forming a continuous resistive medium in directions respectively and transverse and said terminals being formed on either side of the pattern in the respectively longitudinal direction for one pair and transverse for the other pair, said substrate being intended to be carried on said zone; a chopping circuit connected to the terminals of the gauge for alternately measuring the voltage between the pairs of terminals;
- a voltage signal processing device which is arranged to calculate the temperature compensated longitudinal deformations by implementing such a method.
- the invention provides a rolling bearing comprising a fixed member, a rotating member and at least one row of rolling bodies arranged in a raceway which is formed between said members so as to allow their relative rotation, said bearing integrating at least one such sensor, the substrate being carried on the fixed member so as to measure the temperature-compensated longitudinal deformations of the fixed member which are induced during the rotation of the bearing.
- FIG. 1 shows a hash circuit which is connected to the terminals of a strain gauge used according to the invention
- FIGS. 2 and 4 are top-level representations of five geometries of a material pattern for a strain gauge used according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a bearing incorporating sensors according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 an embodiment of a sensor for measuring the longitudinal deformations of an area of a structural element is described.
- the term "longitudinal” is used for clarity in relation to the mark of the bearing shown in Figure 4, however this qualifier does not limit the scope of the invention to this direction in absolute terms. .
- the sensor incorporates a strain gauge comprising a substrate 1, for example ceramic, on which is formed at least one pattern 2 of electrically resistive material, in particular a piezoresistive or magnetostrictive material, so as to translate a mechanical stress into electrical resistance.
- the pattern 2 forms a continuous resistive medium in directions respectively longitudinal and transverse, for example the pattern 2 is formed of a continuous layer of material.
- the material may comprise a glass paste incorporating conductive particles, and the pattern 2 may be deposited on the substrate 1 in thick layer by screen printing.
- the gauge further comprises two pairs of terminals 3 made of electrically conductive material, in particular metal such as silver, which are formed on the substrate 1 to be in electrical contact with the pattern 2.
- the terminals 3 may be made by thick-film screen printing of a material paste, and this prior to the formation of said pattern.
- the terminals can be of any shape, including rectangular, triangular, circular ....
- the senor measures the longitudinal deformations of an area of a fixed member of a rolling bearing also comprising a rotating member and at least one row of rolling bodies arranged in a raceway which is formed between said members so as to allow their relative rotation.
- the bearing is a motor vehicle wheel bearing and the substrate 1 is fixed on a flat surface 4 formed on the periphery of the outer ring 5.
- the sensor makes it possible to measure the deformations of the outer ring 5 which are in particular due to the passage of the rolling bodies during rotation, said deformations then being periodic and approximable by a sinusoid.
- the bearing comprises two rows of balls which are arranged coaxially in a raceway respectively provided between the fixed outer ring 5 and the inner rotating ring 6. Furthermore, the fixed ring 5 is provided with means for fixing the frame which are formed of a flange 7 comprising four radial projections 7 in which an axial hole 8 is formed to allow fixing by screwing.
- the senor comprises a plurality of gauges which are arranged on the same substrate 1. More specifically, two groups of three aligned patterns 2 are formed on the substrate 1 which is rigidly fixed to the fixed ring 5, for example by bonding or welding, to transmit the deformations from the flat 4 to the patterns 2.
- the substrate 1 is positioned on the flat 4 to have each group of gages substantially facing a raceway and in the general direction of rotation.
- the bearing shown comprises four sensors which are equidistributed around the outer ring 5, the signals from the sensors can be used by a computer to determine the forces applied during the rotation on the fixed ring 5 and / or on a member secured to the rotating ring 6, as described in document FR-2 839 553.
- the invention provides for measuring the deformations S x x of the patterns 2 in the longitudinal direction which is substantially perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the bearing, said measurements being temperature compensated.
- the gauge comprises two pairs of terminals 3 which are formed on either side of the pattern 1 in the direction respectively longitudinal for one pair and transverse for the other pair, so as to be able to measure the electrical resistance variations. pattern according to said longitudinal and transverse directions.
- the contact between each terminal 3 and the pattern 1 extends substantially perpendicular to the direction in which the pair of said terminal is formed, so that the current lines are arranged substantially in the direction of the pair.
- Figures 2 represent possible geometries for the pattern 2 and the arrangement of the corresponding terminals 3, the distance between the terminals 3 of the pairs being identical.
- the geometries shown are: - square for Figure 2a;
- grooves 9 in the pattern 2 it is possible to make grooves 9 in the pattern 2, said grooves being arranged to improve the maintenance of the current lines in said pattern respectively along the longitudinal and transverse directions.
- This technique called trimming or resistance adjustment, allows to retouch the screenprinted geometry to give it the desired geometry.
- the grooves 9 can be made using a laser, sand or any other technique, so as to completely cut the electrical conduction through the layer of material forming the pattern 2.
- a groove 9 can be made between each terminal 3 so as to avoid forming easy paths for the current via said terminals, said grooves being L-shaped (FIG. 3a), in the median plane between the terminals 3 (FIG. 3b) or curved ( Figure 3c).
- the thickness of the groove 9 may be of the order of 0.1 mm.
- the embodiment according to FIG. 3b makes it possible to have the wider terminals 3 for a central area of the reduced pattern 2 while maintaining the current lines parallel to the respectively transverse and longitudinal directions.
- the sensor hashing circuit is described, said circuit being connected to the terminals 3 of a gauge according to FIG. 2a for alternately measuring the electrical voltage between the pairs of terminals 3, that is, that is to say in the longitudinal (V x ) and transverse (V y ) directions.
- R x and R y are the electrical resistances of the pattern in the directions respectively longitudinal and transverse.
- the circuit comprises a current generator 10 and two switches 11, 12 which are controlled to pass the current i alternately between the terminals 3 of a pair.
- the measurement frequency of the voltages V x , V y is chosen to be able to assume that the strains S xx and ⁇ yy have not varied between two times of measurement.
- the method according to the invention provides for establishing the transverse deformations ⁇ yy which correspond to the electrical voltages V y measured in the transverse direction.
- the transverse deformations can be established at a constant value, in particular equal to zero. Indeed, in some configurations, the transverse deformations can be considered negligible compared to the longitudinal deformations.
- the gauge may be arranged to limit its transverse deformations.
- V x - V ⁇ TM v x . ⁇ ⁇ - v y . ⁇ L
- the method therefore makes it possible, from the transversal deformations (here considered negligible) and the relation (1), to calculate the longitudinal compensated deformations in temperature as a function of the electrical voltage measurements in the longitudinal and transverse directions.
- these deformations can be established as a function of the longitudinal deformations, for example by a temperature-independent relationship as a function of the Poisson's ratio.
- the processing device may comprise an amplifier, a filter, an analog / digital converter and a deformation calculation processor.
- the sensor may comprise a processing device common to at least two gauges, said processing device then comprising means for multiplexing the signals from each of the gauges.
- hybrid circuit type technologies allow to integrate on the substrate 1, in addition to the strain gauge or gauges, the hashing circuit and / or the treatment device on the substrate.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0708081A FR2923908B1 (fr) | 2007-11-16 | 2007-11-16 | Procede et capteur de mesure de deformations compensees en temperature |
PCT/FR2008/001557 WO2009092911A2 (fr) | 2007-11-16 | 2008-11-05 | Procede et capteur de mesure de deformations compensees en temperature |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2212667A2 true EP2212667A2 (fr) | 2010-08-04 |
Family
ID=39591679
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08871454A Withdrawn EP2212667A2 (fr) | 2007-11-16 | 2008-11-05 | Procede et capteur de mesure de deformations compensees en temperature |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2212667A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2923908B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2009092911A2 (fr) |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1785711A2 (fr) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-16 | Honeywell Inc. | Élément de mesure de pression et de température |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3675710B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-27 | 2005-07-27 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | センシング素子の固定構造 |
GB2370122B (en) * | 2000-12-16 | 2005-04-27 | Senstronics Ltd | Temperature compensated strain gauge |
JP3462494B2 (ja) * | 2001-02-16 | 2003-11-05 | ケイテックデバイシーズ株式会社 | 応力センサ |
JP2006220574A (ja) * | 2005-02-14 | 2006-08-24 | Hitachi Ltd | 回転体力学量測定装置および回転体力学量計測システム |
-
2007
- 2007-11-16 FR FR0708081A patent/FR2923908B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2008
- 2008-11-05 EP EP08871454A patent/EP2212667A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2008-11-05 WO PCT/FR2008/001557 patent/WO2009092911A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1785711A2 (fr) * | 2005-11-10 | 2007-05-16 | Honeywell Inc. | Élément de mesure de pression et de température |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2923908B1 (fr) | 2010-01-08 |
WO2009092911A2 (fr) | 2009-07-30 |
FR2923908A1 (fr) | 2009-05-22 |
WO2009092911A3 (fr) | 2009-10-22 |
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