EP2208983B1 - Condensation core counter - Google Patents

Condensation core counter Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2208983B1
EP2208983B1 EP09179668A EP09179668A EP2208983B1 EP 2208983 B1 EP2208983 B1 EP 2208983B1 EP 09179668 A EP09179668 A EP 09179668A EP 09179668 A EP09179668 A EP 09179668A EP 2208983 B1 EP2208983 B1 EP 2208983B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
unit
saturation
reservoir
working fluid
gas
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Not-in-force
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EP09179668A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2208983A2 (en
EP2208983A3 (en
Inventor
Christian Robert Huetter
Helmut Pongratz
Alexander Bergmann
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AVL List GmbH
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AVL List GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
    • G01N15/06—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions
    • G01N15/065—Investigating concentration of particle suspensions using condensation nuclei counters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N2001/225—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas isokinetic, same flow rate for sample and bulk gas
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/02—Devices for withdrawing samples
    • G01N1/22—Devices for withdrawing samples in the gaseous state
    • G01N1/2247—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas
    • G01N2001/2264—Sampling from a flowing stream of gas with dilution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a condensation core counter, comprising a heated saturation unit, laden with solid particles and supplied with gas from a removal region via a supply line, which contains a porous saturation element, to which working fluid is supplied from a connected reservoir, one of the saturation elements.
  • Object of the present invention is to improve a measuring arrangement of the type mentioned so that their use in all areas usually occurring ambient conditions without adversely affecting the other measurement environment is possible.
  • a filter may be switched on in a preferred further embodiment of the invention, preferably in the vicinity of the reservoir, which on the one hand prevents the passage of droplets of the working fluid and on the other hand, the penetration of solid particles from the gas stream.
  • a filter is of course the least possible To perform flow resistance in order not to hinder the pressure equalization or the timing thereof.
  • the removal area for the laden with solid particles gas gas has in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, regardless of the supply to the saturation unit on a discharge, in which a controllable valve is arranged, for example, a proportional valve, which has the advantageous possibility, the pressure of the removal area and thus also set the pressure in the saturation unit and in the condensation unit to defined pressure conditions.
  • a controllable valve is arranged, for example, a proportional valve, which has the advantageous possibility, the pressure of the removal area and thus also set the pressure in the saturation unit and in the condensation unit to defined pressure conditions.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of a condensation core counter according to the invention and Fig. 2 a somewhat more detailed scheme of another corresponding arrangement.
  • the condensation core counter after Fig. 1 has a not shown in detail heated, loaded with solid particles, from a sampling area 1 via a supply line 2 supplied gas flowed through saturation unit 3, which is supplied from a connected reservoir 4 working fluid.
  • the sampling area 1 of the sample and sample preparation not shown gas supplied to the saturation unit 3 is a not further shown manner cooled condensation unit 6, to which the actual particle counter. 7 (See details) Fig. 2 ), from which the gas is then withdrawn via a pump 8.
  • the reservoir 4 is connected via a pressure equalization line 9 to the removal area 1, which according to Fig. 1 takes place at the outlet 10 from a container limiting the removal area 1.
  • the pressure equalization line 9 could also open directly into the removal area 1 or - as in Fig. 2 shown - in the supply line 2 from the (in Fig. 2 not shown) removal area to the saturation unit. 3
  • FIG. 1 nor a pressure sensor 11 shown at the removal area 1, which cooperates with a control unit 12 for a proportional valve 13, whereby the removal area 1 and the supply line 2 and the saturation unit 3 together with the condensation unit 6 can be maintained at a defined pressure level.
  • Fig. 2 are functional according to the arrangement Fig. 1 corresponding components provided with the same reference numerals - the above functional description of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 essentially also applies Fig. 2 to.
  • Fig. 2 can be seen that in the pressure equalization line 9 in the vicinity of the reservoir 4, a filter 14 is turned on, on the one hand the entry of particle laden gas from the supply line 2 forth in the reservoir 4 and on the other hand, the leakage of even the smallest amounts of droplet-shaped working fluid from the reservoir 4 in Direction to the supply line 2 prevented.
  • the saturation unit 3 contains a porous saturation element 15, which is traversed by particle-laden gas and thereby moistened with the working fluid, for example 1-butanol or the like. From the cooled condensation unit 6 17 water is recycled through a filter 16 and a pump 17 in a receptacle. Any dripping working fluid passes directly back into the saturation unit 3.
  • the particle counter 7 schematically shows a laser diode 19 whose light is focused via a focusing unit 20 on the exit point of the particle-laden gas stream and collected via a collector 21 a detector 22 is supplied.
  • the flow conditions can be measured and, together with a critical orifice 24, together with another pressure sensor 25, the flow can be predetermined or regulated via the pump 8.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kondensationskern-Zähler, mit einer beheizten, von mit Feststoffpartikeln beladenem, aus einem Entnahmebereich über eine Zuführleitung zugeführtem Gas durchströmten Sättigungs-Einheit, welche ein poröses Sättigungselement, dem aus einem angeschlossenen Reservoir Arbeitsflüssigkeit zugeführt ist, enthält, einer der Sättigungs-Einheit nachgeschalteten gekühlten Kondensations-Einheit, sowie einem der Kondensations-Einheit nachgeschalteten Partikelzähler.The invention relates to a condensation core counter, comprising a heated saturation unit, laden with solid particles and supplied with gas from a removal region via a supply line, which contains a porous saturation element, to which working fluid is supplied from a connected reservoir, one of the saturation elements. Unit downstream cooled condensation unit, as well as one of the condensation unit downstream particle counter.

Anordnungen der genannten Art sind beispielsweise aus dem deutschen Gebrauchsmuster 73 21 827 oder auch den US 4 790 650 A , DE 21 36 072 A1 , EP 1 681 549 A2 bekannt und dienen zum Messen bzw. Zählen von sehr kleinen Teilchen über deren Auswirkungen auf die Lichtstreuung in einem Lichtstrahl. Diese Auswirkungen sind aber dann nicht sicher bzw. leicht nachweisbar und meßbar, wenn die Feststoffpartikel zu geringe Dimensionen (typischerweise unterhalb von 0,3 µm) aufweisen, was insbesonders beispielsweise für die Feststoffpartikel im Abgas von Verbrennungsmotoren und speziell Dieselmotoren zutrifft, welche fast ausschließlich für die Anlass für entsprechende Untersuchungen gebende Schädlichkeit dieser Abgase verantwortlich sind.Arrangements of the type mentioned are for example from the German utility model 73 21 827 or even the US 4,790,650 A . DE 21 36 072 A1 . EP 1 681 549 A2 are known and used to measure or count very small particles on their effects on the light scattering in a light beam. However, these effects are then not safe or easily detectable and measurable if the solid particles have too small dimensions (typically below 0.3 microns), which is particularly true, for example, for the solid particles in the exhaust gas of internal combustion engines and especially diesel engines, which almost exclusively for which are the cause of such investigations harmfulness of these exhaust gases are responsible.

Um nun auch bei Partikelgrößen unterhalb der gesicherten bzw. einfachen Nachweisgrenzen mit Partikelzählern der angesprochenen Art arbeiten zu können, ist es beispielsweise aus den genannten Schriften bereits bekannt geworden, den scheinbaren Durchmesser der Teilchen dadurch zu vergrößern, dass man auf ihrer Oberfläche eine Arbeitsflüssigkeit aufkondensieren läßt, womit einfache und sichere Zählungen möglich sind, welche in gewünschter Weise für die Art und Zahl der Teilchen im partikelbeladenen Gasstrom repräsentativ sind. Abgesehen von der Verwendung beispielsweise von Wasser bzw. Wasserdampf als Arbeitsflüssigkeit sind zur Verbesserung bzw. Optimierung des Aufkondensierens auch verschiedenste andere Arbeitsflüssigkeiten gebräuchlich bzw. untersucht worden - beispielsweise Alkohole und für die angesprochenen Untersuchungen der Abgase von Brennkraftmaschinen vorzugsweise auch Butanol. Derartige Arbeitsflüssigkeiten sind aber im Hinblick auf ihre Zusammensetzung bzw. chemischen Bestandteile für viele Anwendungen nicht unproblematisch, da eine damit in bestimmten Betriebszuständen derartiger Messanordnungen (insbesonders schwankende Druckbedingungen, Druckpulsationen) bisher nicht mit Sicherheit auszuschließende Kontaminierung anderer Messwege bzw. Vorrichtungsbereiche mit damit einhergehenden dortigen Messwertverfälschungen unbedingt vermieden werden muß.To be able to work now with particle sizes below the secure or simple detection limits with particle counters of the type mentioned, it is already known for example from the cited documents to increase the apparent diameter of the particles by allowing a working fluid aufkondensieren on its surface with which simple and safe counts are possible, which are representative of the nature and number of particles in the particle-laden gas stream as desired. Apart from the use of, for example, water or water vapor as the working fluid for improving or optimizing the Aufkondensierens and various other working fluids have been in use or investigated - for example, alcohols and for the aforementioned investigations of the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines preferably also butanol. However, such working fluids are not unproblematic in many applications with regard to their composition or chemical constituents, since a contamination of other measurement paths or device ranges with associated local measurement value distortions that could thus not be reliably excluded in certain operating states of such measuring arrangements (in particular fluctuating pressure conditions, pressure pulsations) absolutely must be avoided.

Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Meßanordnung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass ihre Verwendung in allen Bereichen üblicherweise auftretender Umgebungsbedingungen ohne nachteilige Beeinflussung der sonstigen Messumgebung möglich wird.Object of the present invention is to improve a measuring arrangement of the type mentioned so that their use in all areas usually occurring ambient conditions without adversely affecting the other measurement environment is possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Kondensationskern-Zähler der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, dass das Reservoir für die Arbeitsflüssigkeit der Sättigungs-Einheit über eine Druckausgleichsleitung mit dem Entnahmebereich des mit Feststoffpartikeln beladenen Gases verbunden ist. Auf diese überraschend einfache Weise kann nun mit Sicherheit verhindert werden, dass Druckschwankungen bzw. Druckpulsationen im Entnahmebereich des zu messenden Gases ein Rücksaugen der Arbeitsflüssigkeit in diesen Bereich bzw. darüber hinaus in noch dahinterliegende Bereiche der sonstigen Messumgebung erfolgen kann. Es ist dabei belanglos, an welcher konkreten Stelle des Entnahmebereiches dieser Druckausgleich erfolgt, da dieser ja nicht hundertprozentig sichergestellt sein muß um die angestrebte Wirkung zu entfalten.This object is achieved in a condensation core counter of the type mentioned above in that the reservoir for the working fluid of the saturation unit is connected via a pressure equalization line with the removal region of the laden with solid particles gas. In this surprisingly simple manner, it can now be reliably prevented that pressure fluctuations or pressure pulsations in the removal region of the gas to be measured can be sucked back the working fluid into this region or, moreover, into regions of the other measurement environment which are still behind. It is irrelevant at which specific point of the removal of this pressure compensation takes place, since this does not have to be guaranteed one hundred percent to develop the desired effect.

In der Druckausgleichsleitung kann in bevorzugter weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ein Filter eingeschaltet sein, vorzugsweise im Nahbereich des Reservoirs, was einerseits den Übertritt von Tröpfchen der Arbeitsflüssigkeit und andererseits das Eindringen von Feststoffpartikeln aus dem Gasstrom verhindert. Ein derartiger Filter ist natürlich mit möglichst geringem Strömungswiderstand auszuführen um den Druckausgleich bzw. den zeitlichen Ablauf davon nicht zu behindern.In the pressure equalization line, a filter may be switched on in a preferred further embodiment of the invention, preferably in the vicinity of the reservoir, which on the one hand prevents the passage of droplets of the working fluid and on the other hand, the penetration of solid particles from the gas stream. Such a filter is of course the least possible To perform flow resistance in order not to hinder the pressure equalization or the timing thereof.

Der Entnahmebereich für das mit Feststoffpartikeln beladene Gas weist in bevorzugter weiterer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung unabhängig von der Zuführleitung zur Sättigungseinheit eine Ausströmleitung auf, in welcher ein regelbares Ventil angeordnet ist, beispielsweise ein Proportionalventil, womit die vorteilhafte Möglichkeit besteht, den Druck des Entnahmebereichs und damit auch den Druck in der Sättigungs-Einheit und in der Kondensations-Einheit auf definierte Druckbedingungen zu setzen.The removal area for the laden with solid particles gas gas has in a further preferred embodiment of the invention, regardless of the supply to the saturation unit on a discharge, in which a controllable valve is arranged, for example, a proportional valve, which has the advantageous possibility, the pressure of the removal area and thus also set the pressure in the saturation unit and in the condensation unit to defined pressure conditions.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden noch anhand der in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the embodiments schematically illustrated in the drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt dabei eine schematische Anordnung eines erfindungsgemäßen Kondensationskern-Zählers und Fig. 2 ein etwas detailierteres Schema einer anderen entsprechenden Anordnung. Fig. 1 shows a schematic arrangement of a condensation core counter according to the invention and Fig. 2 a somewhat more detailed scheme of another corresponding arrangement.

Der Kondensationskern-Zähler nach Fig. 1 weist eine auf nicht näher dargestellte Weise beheizte, von mit Feststoffpartikeln beladenem, aus einem Entnahmebereich 1 über eine Zuführleitung 2 zugeführtem Gas durchströmte Sättigungs-Einheit 3 auf, der aus einem angeschlossenen Reservoir 4 Arbeitsflüssigkeit zugeführt ist. Im Strom des über einen Gaseinlass 5 dem Entnahmebereich 1 von der nicht weiter dargestellten Probennahme und Proben-Vorbereitung zugeführten Gases nach der Sättigungs-Einheit 3 ist eine auf ebenfalls nicht weiter dargestellte Weise gekühlte Kondensations-Einheit 6 angeordnet, an die sich der eigentliche Partikelzähler 7 (Details siehe Fig. 2) anschließt, von dem aus das Gas dann über eine Pumpe 8 abgezogen wird. Um sicherzustellen, dass auch bei stark schwankenden Druckbedingungen bzw. Druckpulsationen im Gaseinlass 5 bzw. im Entnahmebereich 1 die Arbeitsflüssigkeit im Reservoir 4 nicht über den Entnahmebereich 1 und den Gaseinlass 5 in das sonstige Messsystem rückgesaugt werden kann, ist das Reservoir 4 über eine Druckausgleichsleitung 9 mit dem Entnahmebereich 1 verbunden, was gemäß Fig. 1 an der Auslassleitung 10 aus einem den Entnahmebereich 1 begrenzenden Behälter erfolgt. Davon abgesehen könnte die Druckausgleichsleitung 9 aber auch direkt in den Entnahmebereich 1 münden oder aber - wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt - in die Zuführleitung 2 aus dem (in Fig. 2 nicht dargestellten) Entnahmebereich zur Sättigungs-Einheit 3.The condensation core counter after Fig. 1 has a not shown in detail heated, loaded with solid particles, from a sampling area 1 via a supply line 2 supplied gas flowed through saturation unit 3, which is supplied from a connected reservoir 4 working fluid. In the flow of gas via a gas inlet 5 the sampling area 1 of the sample and sample preparation not shown gas supplied to the saturation unit 3 is a not further shown manner cooled condensation unit 6, to which the actual particle counter. 7 (See details) Fig. 2 ), from which the gas is then withdrawn via a pump 8. To ensure that even under strongly fluctuating pressure conditions or pressure pulsations in the gas inlet 5 or in the sampling area 1 Working fluid in the reservoir 4 can not be sucked back into the other measuring system via the removal area 1 and the gas inlet 5, the reservoir 4 is connected via a pressure equalization line 9 to the removal area 1, which according to Fig. 1 takes place at the outlet 10 from a container limiting the removal area 1. Apart from that, the pressure equalization line 9 could also open directly into the removal area 1 or - as in Fig. 2 shown - in the supply line 2 from the (in Fig. 2 not shown) removal area to the saturation unit. 3

Weiters ist in Fig. 1 noch ein Drucksensor 11 am Entnahmebereich 1 dargestellt, der mit einer Regeleinheit 12 für ein Proportionalventil 13 zusammenarbeitet, womit der Entnahmebereich 1 sowie die Zuführleitung 2 und die Sättiguns-Einheit 3 samt Kondensations-Einheit 6 auf einem definierten Druckniveau gehalten werden kann.Furthermore is in Fig. 1 nor a pressure sensor 11 shown at the removal area 1, which cooperates with a control unit 12 for a proportional valve 13, whereby the removal area 1 and the supply line 2 and the saturation unit 3 together with the condensation unit 6 can be maintained at a defined pressure level.

Gemäß Fig. 2 sind funktionell der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 entsprechende Bauteile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen - die obige Funktionsbeschreibung der Anordnung nach Fig. 1 trifft im wesentlichen auch auf Fig. 2 zu. Zusätzlich ist aus Fig. 2 noch ersichtlich, dass in der Druckausgleichsleitung 9 im Nahbereich des Reservoirs 4 ein Filter 14 eingeschaltet ist, welches einerseits den Eintrag von partikelbeladenem Gas von der Zuführleitung 2 her in das Reservoir 4 und andererseits den Austritt auch von geringsten Mengen tröpfchenförmiger Arbeitsflüssigkeit aus dem Reservoir 4 in Richtung zur Zuführleitung 2 verhindert. Weiters ist auch noch ersichtlich, dass die Sättigungs-Einheit 3 ein poröses Sättigungselement 15 enthält, das von partikelbeladenem Gas durchströmt wird und dabei mit der Arbeitsflüssigkeit, beispielsweise 1-Butanol oder dergleichen, befeuchtet wird. Aus der gekühlten Kondensations-Einheit 6 wird über ein Filter 16 und eine Pumpe 17 Wasser in einen Aufnahmebehälter 18 rückgeführt. Allfällige abtropfende Arbeitsflüssigkeit gelangt direkt wieder in die Sättigungs-Einheit 3 zurück.According to Fig. 2 are functional according to the arrangement Fig. 1 corresponding components provided with the same reference numerals - the above functional description of the arrangement according to Fig. 1 essentially also applies Fig. 2 to. In addition is out Fig. 2 can be seen that in the pressure equalization line 9 in the vicinity of the reservoir 4, a filter 14 is turned on, on the one hand the entry of particle laden gas from the supply line 2 forth in the reservoir 4 and on the other hand, the leakage of even the smallest amounts of droplet-shaped working fluid from the reservoir 4 in Direction to the supply line 2 prevented. Furthermore, it can also be seen that the saturation unit 3 contains a porous saturation element 15, which is traversed by particle-laden gas and thereby moistened with the working fluid, for example 1-butanol or the like. From the cooled condensation unit 6 17 water is recycled through a filter 16 and a pump 17 in a receptacle. Any dripping working fluid passes directly back into the saturation unit 3.

Der Partikelzähler 7 zeigt schematisch eine Laserdiode 19, deren Licht über eine Fokussiereinheit 20 auf die Austrittsstelle des partikelbeladenen Gasstromes fokussiert und über einen Kollektor 21 gesammelt einem Detektor 22 zugeführt wird. Damit kann - unter der Voraussetzung einer entsprechenden Vorverdünnung des partikelbeladenen Gasstromes sowie einer ensprechenden Größe der mit aufkondensierter Arbeitsflüssigkeit künstlich vergrößerten Partikel - jedes einzelne Partikel festgestellt und gezählt und damit die Gesamtkonzentration detektiert werden.The particle counter 7 schematically shows a laser diode 19 whose light is focused via a focusing unit 20 on the exit point of the particle-laden gas stream and collected via a collector 21 a detector 22 is supplied. Thus, assuming a corresponding predilution of the particle-laden gas stream and a corresponding size of the particle artificially enlarged with condensed working fluid, each individual particle can be detected and counted, and thus the total concentration can be detected.

Über einen Drucksensor 23 können die Durchflussbedingungen gemessen und zusammen mit einer kritischen Blende 24 samt einem weiteren Drucksensor 25 der Durchfluss vorgegeben bzw. über die Pumpe 8 reguliert werden.Via a pressure sensor 23, the flow conditions can be measured and, together with a critical orifice 24, together with another pressure sensor 25, the flow can be predetermined or regulated via the pump 8.

Claims (3)

  1. Condensation nucleus counter with a heated saturation unit (3) through which gas flows that is loaded with solid particles from a sampling section (1) supplied by a supply line (2), which heated saturation unit (3) contains a porous saturation element (15), to which working fluid is supplied from an attached reservoir (4), a condensation unit (6) downstream of a saturation unit (3), as well as a particle counter (7) downstream of the condensation unit (6), characterized by, that the reservoir (4) for the working fluid of saturation unit (3) is connected with the sampling section (1) of the gas that is loaded with solid particles by a pressure equalization line (9).
  2. Counter according to Claim 1, characterized by, that in the pressure equalization line (9), preferably in the close-up region of reservoir (4), a filter (14) is provided.
  3. Counter according to claims 1 or 2, characterized by, that the sampling section (1) independent of the supply line (2) to the saturation unit (3) is provided with an exhaust line (10), in which a controllable valve (13) is mounted.
EP09179668A 2009-01-19 2009-12-17 Condensation core counter Not-in-force EP2208983B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0002509U AT10542U3 (en) 2009-01-19 2009-01-19 CONDENSATION KEY COUNTER

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EP2208983A2 EP2208983A2 (en) 2010-07-21
EP2208983A3 EP2208983A3 (en) 2011-06-22
EP2208983B1 true EP2208983B1 (en) 2012-08-08

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US (1) US8208132B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2208983B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4982575B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101149624B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101793668B (en)
AT (1) AT10542U3 (en)

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EP2208983A2 (en) 2010-07-21
US8208132B2 (en) 2012-06-26
JP4982575B2 (en) 2012-07-25
CN101793668B (en) 2012-02-22
CN101793668A (en) 2010-08-04
KR20100084978A (en) 2010-07-28
EP2208983A3 (en) 2011-06-22
KR101149624B1 (en) 2012-05-30
AT10542U2 (en) 2009-05-15
AT10542U3 (en) 2009-10-15
US20100180666A1 (en) 2010-07-22
JP2010164566A (en) 2010-07-29

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