CN104297118B - A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104297118B CN104297118B CN201410578772.3A CN201410578772A CN104297118B CN 104297118 B CN104297118 B CN 104297118B CN 201410578772 A CN201410578772 A CN 201410578772A CN 104297118 B CN104297118 B CN 104297118B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus, including air gas channel, sample gas gas channel, shell entraining air stream passage, inlet duct, saturated solution device, condensing unit, optical detecting gear.The present invention is based on nuclei of condensation principle and light scattering measurement principle, will shell entraining air stream by heating saturated solution steam, mix with air superfine particulate matter air-flow again, superfine particulate matter is by condensation growth after condensing unit, particulate matter after condensation growth is measured by recycling light scattering technique, it is thus achieved that the Particle density value of particulate matter.The shell entraining air stream of present invention design can reduce the loss of sample gas stream particulate matter and be effectively improved superfine particulate matter nuclei of condensation efficiency.Apparatus of the present invention compact conformation is small and exquisite, and applicability is strong, can measure particle size range particle counting concentration between 3nm 5 μm.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus, belong to atmospheric aerosol monitoring technical field.
Background technology
Atmospheric particulates have a certain degree of harm to environmental and human health impacts, and along with the increase of Particle density, the reduction of particle diameter,
Atmospheric particulates are the biggest to the harm of health.Epidemiology and toxicologic method research find, air superfine particulate matter and people
Body respiratory system, the disease of cardiovascular system and death have obvious correlation.Researcher thinks, the Particle density of Atmospheric particulates
It is the principal element affecting health rather than the mass concentration being previously believed with chemical composition.Air superfine particulate matter number
Concentration is high, particle diameter is little, easily deposits in lung, and its surface area is relatively big simultaneously, easily adsorbs multiple harmful substances, in Atmospheric Chemistry mistake
Journey plays a very important role.Wherein, Particle density and the particle diameter distributed intelligence of atmospheric aerosol particulate matter is to understand aerosol
Important information to weather, atmospheric visibility and Health Impact.The available minimum inspection of traditional unit laser light scattering instrument
Surveying limit is 0.1 μm, and highest detection limit is 3 to 10 μm, cannot meet the testing requirement of superfine particulate matter, patent CN
The particle size scope that the measurement apparatus mentioned in 102890045A can be measured is 10nm 10 μm, and minimum detectable level is only
Can arrive 10nm, it is impossible to measure the particulate matter of smaller particle, it uses Atmospheric particulates directly directly to mix with saturated solution steam,
Easily cause the divergence loss of particulate matter and affect nuclei of condensation efficiency, thus having influence on the result of measurement.Accordingly, it would be desirable to design one
The measurement apparatus of the atmospheric aerosol particulate matter of smaller particle can be measured.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus, can
So that particle size range particle counting concentration between 3nm 5 μm is measured.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus,
It is characterized in that including: air gas channel, sample gas gas channel, shell entraining air stream passage, inlet duct, saturated solution device,
Condensing unit, optical detecting gear；Described inlet duct includes air inlet duct, sample gas inlet duct and shell gas air inlet dress
Put；Described air gas channel includes air pump and first-class gauge；Described shell entraining air stream passage includes filter and second
Gauge；Described sample gas gas channel includes the 3rd flowmeter；Described saturated solution device include saturated working solution storage device,
Waste liquid storage device, steam pipeline, metal derby, heating rod, liquid level sensor；Described optical detecting gear includes laser two
Pole pipe, collimation lens, cylindrical lens, black shutter body, convex lens group and photodetector；Air passes through big as total air flow
The first-class gauge of entraining air stream passage enters air inlet duct and is divided into two-way air-flow, respectively shell entraining air stream and sample gas air-flow, shell
Entraining air stream enters second gauge and the filter entrance saturated solution device of shell entraining air stream passage, is added to metal derby by heating rod
It is steam that heat can make to be gasified by the saturated solution absorbed in saturated working solution storage device in steam pipeline, and steam is along steam pipe
Road flowing enters shell gas inlet duct, the shell entraining air stream being evenly distributed after mixing with shell air-flow；Sample gas air-flow enters sample gas gas
3rd flowmeter of circulation road enters sample gas inlet duct, the sample gas air-flow being evenly distributed；Sample gas air-flow is along with the most stable
Shell entraining air stream mixed flow, mixed airflow enters condensing unit, and sample gas air-flow and shell entraining air stream constitute laminar flow structure, it is ensured that sample
Entraining air stream flows at condensing unit immediate vicinity, and reduces the divergence loss of superfine particulate matter to greatest extent.Enter condensing unit
After, the saturated vapor in shell entraining air stream is met cold becoming and is supersaturated, and condenses in the surface particles in sample gas air-flow and makes particulate matter rapid
Growing up, the particulate matter after growing up enters optical detecting gear, it is thus achieved that the Particle density value of particulate matter, the steam waste liquid of condensation is along shell
The inwall of gas inlet duct flows into waste liquid storage device, and liquid level sensor can be reminded the saturated working solution of filling in time and remove useless
Liquid.
Further, described air inlet duct includes that an annulus with holes, described annulus with holes are arranged on air and enter
On device of air, there is a hole in the middle of described annulus with holes, obtain uniform and stable by the pressure ratio at control hole two ends
Air-flow.
Further, described air pump is high vacuum sliding vane rotary pump, can make the gases flow at a stable flow, flow be
0.3L/min。
Further, described saturated working solution storage device and waste liquid storage device are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, it is possible to anti-
Any kind of chemical attack.
Further, described steam pipeline is ventilative steel matter, it is possible to absorb saturated working solution solution.
Further, the first described liquid level sensor and the second liquid level sensor are photoelectric level transducer.
The present invention compared with prior art has the advantage that
(1) present invention can measure the Particle density minimum grain size detection limit of superfine particulate matter is 3nm.
(2) present invention uses the shell entraining air stream parcel sample gas stream containing particulate matter, it is ensured that sample gas air-flow is at the center of condensing unit
Flow about, the divergence loss of superfine particulate matter in sample gas can not only be reduced and particulate matter nuclei of condensation efficiency can be increased.
(3) present invention uses high vacuum sliding vane rotary pump, and gases flow can be made at a stable flow.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration composition frame chart；
Fig. 2 is that present configuration assembles schematic diagram；1 is the first liquid level sensor, and 2 is waste liquid storage device, and 3 is saturated work
Solution storage device, 4 is saturated butanol solution, and 5 is steam pipeline, and 6 is the second liquid level sensor, and 7 is shell gas air inlet,
8 is heating rod, and 9 is metal derby, and 11 is shell gas inlet duct, and 12 is sample gas air inlet, and 13 is sample gas inlet duct, 14
For condensing unit；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of optical detecting gear of the present invention；21 is laser diode, and 22 is collimation lens, and 23 is that cylinder is saturating
Mirror, 24 export for condensing unit, and 25 is black shutter body, and 26 is convex lens group, and 27 is photodetector.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings with specific embodiment.
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus, including air gas channel, sample gas gas channel,
Shell entraining air stream passage, inlet duct, saturated solution device, condensing unit and optical detecting gear.The present invention generally speaking, gas
Liu You mono-tunnel is divided into two-way after entering: the annulus that total air-flow is with holes in air inlet duct, by the pressure at control hole two ends
It is 0.3L/min that force rate value obtains flowmeter 1, is divided into tow channel gas stream to respectively enter flowmeter 2 and flowmeter 3, obtains shell gas
Air-flow 0.27L/min and sample gas air-flow 0.03L/min, shell entraining air stream enters saturated solution device (saturated n-butanol through filter
Solution is heated to 39 DEG C), saturated solution steam and shell entraining air stream are mixed into shell gas inlet duct, the shell gas being evenly distributed
Air-flow；Sample gas air-flow enters sample gas inlet duct, the sample gas air-flow being evenly distributed.Sample gas air-flow is at the most stable shell gas
The lower flowing of air-flow parcel, enters condensing unit (temperature is maintained at 10 DEG C) together, and sample gas air-flow and shell entraining air stream constitute laminar flow knot
Structure, it is ensured that sample gas air-flow flows at condensing unit immediate vicinity, and reduces the divergence loss of superfine particulate matter to greatest extent.Enter
After entering condensing unit, the saturated vapor in shell entraining air stream is met cold becoming and is supersaturated, and the surface particles condensed in sample gas air-flow makes
Particulate matter is grown up rapidly, and the particulate matter after growing up enters optical detecting gear, it is thus achieved that the Particle density value of particulate matter；Air-flow is the most laggard
Enter high vacuum sliding vane rotary pump.
As in figure 2 it is shown, saturated working solution storage device 3 stores saturated butanol solution 4, steam pipeline 5 is ventilative steel
Material, it is possible to absorb saturated butanol solution 4, steam pipeline 5 is arranged on metal derby 9, gives metal by heating rod 8
Block 9 heating can make butanol solution gasification be steam, the n-butanol the shell gas entered from shell gas air inlet 7 and steam pipeline 5
Steam mixes, and enters together in shell gas inlet duct 11 under shell entraining air stream effect；Sample gas is entered sample gas by sample gas air inlet 12
Inlet duct 13, is mixed into condensing unit 14 in exit with shell entraining air stream；The steam waste liquid of condensation fills along shell gas air inlet
Put in the inwall inflow waste liquid storage device 2 of 11, be arranged on the liquid level sensor 6 bottom saturated working solution storage device 3,
Effect is to remind filling butanol solution in time；Being arranged on the liquid level sensor 1 at waste liquid storage device 2 top, effect is energy
Remind in time and remove waste liquid, prevent waste liquid from overflowing, polluting device.
As it is shown on figure 3, optical detecting gear includes that laser diode 21, collimation lens 22, cylindrical lens 23, black block
Body 25, convex lens group 26 and photodetector 27.The light that laser diode 21 sends, becomes parallel through collimation lens 22
Light, then through cylindrical lens light collection on condensing unit outlet 24 particulate matters out, produce scattered light, scattered light warp
Excess convexity set of lenses 26 converges on photodetector 27, detects the intensity of scattered light and the quantity of pulse, can be finally inversed by solidifying
Particulate count concentration after tuberculosis, the i.e. Particle density of atmospheric aerosol superfine particulate matter.It is arranged on the black in convex lens group 26
Shutter body 25 can effectively block the light of axis direction, it is to avoid the interference to scattered light signal, it is ensured that enters not having particulate matter
When entering optical detecting gear, photodetector 27 will not receive signal.
The present invention rationale here is that: when the steam around particulate matter reaches certain degree of supersaturation, and steam starts to condense in
On grain thing, here it is so-called heterocoagulation.If degree of supersaturation is the highest, even if not having particulate matter, condensation also can
Occurring, this is referred to as homogeneously condensing or from condensation, and this cooperatively forms due to vapour molecule proper motion and Van der Waals force,
This condensation mode can be avoided by precise control of temperature.The degree of supersaturation of solution is weighed by the saturation factor of solution, i.e. exists
Under a certain specified temp, the pressure=P/P of the pressure of solution saturation factor=actual vapour molecule/saturated vapor moleculeS
For a specific saturation factor, as long as particulate matter is sufficiently large, steam just can condense at surface particles, this particle
The particle diameter of thing minimum, as the critical value condensed, is called Kelvin's diameter.Meet following relational expression:
Wherein, η-solution saturation factor, the pressure of the actual vapour molecule of P-, PSThe pressure of-saturated vapor molecule, γ-condensing soln
Surface tension, the molecular mass of M-condensing soln, the density of ρ-condensing soln, R-universal gas constant, T-absolute temperature, d-
Kelvin's diameter.
From above formula, it is stipulated that after these parameters of γ, M, ρ, R and T, the saturation degree of solution is the highest, Kelvin's diameter
The least, both can study the particulate matter of different-grain diameter by changing the saturation degree of solution.But in practical study, should avoid
Vapour molecule produces impact from the generation condensed to result, and what the saturation factor of solution can not be unlimited is big, and the particle size range of particulate matter is not
Can be unlimited little.
Non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
The above, part detailed description of the invention the most of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any ripe
Know those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the invention discloses, the change that can readily occur in or replacement, all should contain in the present invention
Protection domain within.
Claims (6)
1. an air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus, it is characterised in that including: air gas channel, sample gas air-flow
Passage, shell entraining air stream passage, inlet duct, saturated solution device, condensing unit (14), optical detecting gear；Described
Inlet duct includes air inlet duct, sample gas inlet duct (13) and shell gas inlet duct (11)；Described big entraining air stream
Passage includes air pump and first-class gauge；Described shell entraining air stream passage includes filter and second gauge；Described sample gas gas
Circulation road includes the 3rd flowmeter；Described saturated solution device includes that saturated working solution storage device (3), waste liquid store
Device (2), steam pipeline (5), metal derby (9), heating rod (8), the first liquid level sensor (1) and the second liquid
Level sensor (6)；Described optical detecting gear includes laser diode (21), collimation lens (22), cylindrical lens
(23), black shutter body (25), convex lens group (26) and photodetector (27)；Air passes through big as total air flow
The first-class gauge of entraining air stream passage enters air inlet duct and is divided into two-way air-flow, respectively shell entraining air stream and sample gas air-flow, shell
Entraining air stream enters saturated solution device by second gauge and the filter of shell entraining air stream passage, gives gold by heating rod (8)
Belong to block (9) heating can make in steam pipeline (5) by the saturated solution gasification absorbed in saturated working solution storage device (3)
For steam, steam enters shell gas inlet duct (11) after mixing with shell entraining air stream along steam pipeline flowing, is evenly distributed
Shell entraining air stream；Sample gas air-flow enters the 3rd flowmeter of sample gas gas channel and enters sample gas inlet duct (13), obtains uniformly
The sample gas air-flow of distribution；Sample gas air-flow enters condensing unit (14) along with the most stable shell entraining air stream mixed flow, mixed airflow,
Sample gas air-flow constitutes laminar flow structure with shell entraining air stream, it is ensured that sample gas air-flow flows at condensing unit (14) immediate vicinity, and maximum
Limit ground reduces the divergence loss of superfine particulate matter；After entering condensing unit (14), the saturated vapor in shell entraining air stream meets cold change
For supersaturation, condensing in the surface particles in sample gas air-flow and make particulate matter grow up rapidly, the particulate matter after growing up enters optics and visits
Surveying device, it is thus achieved that the Particle density value of particulate matter, the steam waste liquid of condensation flows into waste liquid storage dress along the inwall of shell gas inlet duct
Putting, the second liquid level sensor can remind the saturated working solution of filling in time, and the first liquid level sensor can remind removing waste liquid in time.
A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Air inlet duct includes that an annulus with holes, described annulus with holes are arranged on air inlet duct, and described is with holes
Annulus in the middle of have a hole, obtain uniform and stable air-flow by the pressure ratio at control hole two ends.
A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Air pump is high vacuum sliding vane rotary pump, and gases flow can be made at a stable flow.
A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Saturated working solution storage device (3) and waste liquid storage device (2) are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) material, it is possible to anti-any kind of
Chemical attack.
A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
Steam pipeline (5) is ventilative steel matter, it is possible to absorb saturated working solution solution.
A kind of air superfine particulate matter Particle density measurement apparatus the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
First liquid level sensor (1) and the second liquid level sensor (6) are photoelectric level transducer.
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| CN106680057A (en) * | 2016-12-27 | 2017-05-17 | 中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院 | Nano-level particulate matter supersaturated growth device and control method |
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