EP2204070A2 - Window containing an enamelled pattern - Google Patents
Window containing an enamelled patternInfo
- Publication number
- EP2204070A2 EP2204070A2 EP08841291A EP08841291A EP2204070A2 EP 2204070 A2 EP2204070 A2 EP 2204070A2 EP 08841291 A EP08841291 A EP 08841291A EP 08841291 A EP08841291 A EP 08841291A EP 2204070 A2 EP2204070 A2 EP 2204070A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- glazing
- son
- wires
- screen
- microns
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 241000283070 Equus zebra Species 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019592 roughness Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000015927 pasta Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000016571 aggressive behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012549 training Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
- B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
- B41M1/26—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper
- B41M1/34—Printing on other surfaces than ordinary paper on glass or ceramic surfaces
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/017—Manufacturing methods or apparatus for heaters
Definitions
- Glazing comprising a network of wires
- the invention relates to glazing comprising a network of conductive son especially for motor vehicles.
- the driving wires of automotive glazings are essentially of two types.
- the first involves the use of very small diameter wires, especially tungsten wires, which may be incorporated into the thermoplastic interlayer of the laminated glazings.
- the son used for example in the formation of heated glazing and in particular windshield, have extremely small diameters not to alter the optics of these windows.
- the second type which is used almost universally corresponds to the son applied to the glazing considered in the form of a resistant enamel. Most often conductor enamel son are exposed on the face of the window facing the passenger compartment and therefore may be subjected to mechanical or chemical aggression. So we need son able to resist these attacks.
- the printing of fine threads is intended for example for the constitution of antennas, but also and especially for the production of heating networks on the rear glasses to demist or defrost these windows.
- the printing of the enamel composition on the glazing can be done by various means, but by far the most used is the screen printing.
- Heating networks requested by car manufacturers must meet specific functional characteristics. They must heard deliver the power necessary to allow demisting or defrosting fast and as uniform as possible of the relevant surface. They must also not significantly alter the optical qualities of the windows that contain them. In practice, this requirement is fraught with difficulties that have led to partially satisfactory compromises.
- the reasons which lead to the application of son having these dimensions are various.
- a first reason is that the heating son must have a resistance to deliver a suitable power to the demister or defrost function. This power must be sufficient for these operations in all circumstances to be conducted in as short a time as possible.
- the operation in question must also cover most of the glazing and if possible the whole of it. For the latter reason the heating son are relatively long, especially for reasons including optical, they are very generally arranged horizontally, and therefore in the largest dimension of the glazing.
- the inventors have found that the application of enamelled conductive wires has negative effects on the optical qualities of the glazings.
- the application of enamelled son actually leads to superficial changes in the glazing.
- the screen-printed paste comprises a frit composition whose function is notably to fix the conductive particles on the surface of the glass sheet.
- the formation of this enamel constitutes a kind of "canopy" asperity on the surface, the roughness being all the stronger as the wire formed is itself of larger section.
- the melting of the sinter which adheres to the surface of the glazing locally introduces a discontinuity in the surface stresses imposed on these tempered glazings.
- the inventors have endeavored to achieve glazing essentially meeting this demand. For this, contrary to the previous practice, they have not systematically sought the production of very low resistance threads. They have made threads whose width is much smaller than that of the threads actually used at the present time. As mentioned earlier, the most current is to use wires whose width is of the order of 0.5 to 0.7 mm. The least commercially produced yarns are not less than 0.3 or 0.4mm.
- the wires have a width which does not exceed 0.3 mm and preferably remains smaller than 0.2 mm.
- the decrease in the width of the son results in an increase in electrical resistance.
- an increase in the resistance leads to a decrease in the power delivered.
- the power applied to a given glazing must remain approximately the same regardless of the geometrical characteristics of the heating wire networks.
- pastes with a high silver content are recommended.
- the structure of the conductive particles is also an element that influences the conductivity. These factors, however, may not be sufficient to maintain the power when the width of the son is reduced very significantly, for example when the width is reduced to 0.1mm or less. In this case the inventors propose to increase the number of son used on a given surface, possibly simultaneously playing the nature of the screen printed pastes.
- the limitation of the width of the wires is not necessarily such that the power delivered must remain constant.
- the inventors have demonstrated, even if the number of wires must be increased to maintain a sufficient power, the optical quality in the presence of these heating son can be at least as good and even significantly better than with the provisions. previously recommended.
- the increase in the number of wires for the same power delivered allows a better distribution of this power on the surface of the glazing. This results in a greater homogeneity of temperature and a decrease in the risk of local overheating.
- the number of heating son can be advantageously increased to take into account variations in width of these son.
- the number of threads per unit area can be up to double that of traditional arrangements with 0.6mm wide son.
- Most often the number of additional wires is not increased by more than half the number in traditional arrangements and most often can be one-third more, or less for the best conductivities.
- the presence of these son becomes difficult to perceive for the driver.
- the perceived optical improvement is therefore particularly advantageous.
- the glazings according to the invention have very small optical distortions compared with the previous glazings.
- the measurement of the distortion is conducted using the traditional test called "zébra" test which is the subject of DIN 52305.
- the image of a set of parallel lines is projected through the examined glazing, on a screen located beyond the glazing.
- the glazing is arranged at a certain angle with respect to the light beam.
- the distortion values given above are given for an angle of incidence of the light beam, 30 ° relative to the normal to the glazing.
- the lines observed have more or less accentuated deformations whose magnitude in a direction normal to the lines is measured.
- the invention thus proposes glazings, and in particular heated rear goggles, comprising a network of enamelled conductive wires, applied by screen printing and subsequent firing, the wires of this network being such that the variation in optical distortion introduced is not greater than 75% of that existing in the absence of these son, the son being arranged parallel to the image lines on which the distortion is measured.
- this optical distortion is not greater than 50% and particularly advantageously 30%, to that observed for the glass sheet alone. The best results make it possible not to increase the optical distortion by more than 15% compared to the sheet alone.
- test is carried out before application of the conductor son and after this application to determine the variation of distortion.
- the ratio of these measurements is representative of the changes related to the presence of the wires.
- the conditions of application by screen printing are chosen in a precise manner. This is first of all the quality of the screen screen used. It is also a question of adapting as much as possible the paste used to constitute the conducting enamel.
- the characteristic elements which control the performances of the screens are in particular the fineness of the threads which constitute them and the mesh of these screens. But it also appeared to the inventors that the precision of the coating of the screen, The coating which determines the areas which retain the printed compositions and those which let these compositions pass is also decisive.
- the screen is still characterized by the mode of contact with the glass sheet.
- the glass sheet offers a very smooth surface.
- the state of the surface in contact with the glass must have a certain roughness: too important, the drawing remains imprecise, very weak the screen adheres inadequately.
- the formation of the image on the screen is carried out from the coating by means of a photosensitive emulsion.
- the selective exposure of the cloth coated with the emulsion leads to the fixing of this emulsion.
- the emulsion is then removed from the unexposed parts by washing.
- the coating and image forming operations are traditionally performed by the user.
- the careful study of the conditions of coating allowed to note the importance of this operation on the quality of printed patterns.
- the difficulty is then to master the parameters of the coating to ensure quality and reproducibility.
- the preparation in a perfectly controlled manner allows a great uniformity of coating and better surface regularity which later lead to a pattern also more regular.
- the coated fabric naturally has a certain roughness.
- This roughness can be controlled by the coating itself, in a certain way by smoothing the coated surface. This smoothing is difficult to obtain by individual means such as those implemented when the user himself proceeds to this coating.
- Producers of screens now offer pre-coated fabrics in conditions that significantly improve the characteristics in question.
- the roughness of the coated screen must be from 2 to 10 ⁇ , preferably from 3 to 8 ⁇ , and particularly preferably from 4 to 7 ⁇ .
- the thickness of the emulsion layer must also be as uniform as possible over all the areas of the screen permeable to the printed compositions. On the surfaces in question, the thickness variations must not exceed 2 ⁇ and advantageously do not exceed 1 ⁇ .
- the fabrics of the screen-printing screens are of a very regular thickness, the thickness variations measured on the coated fabric are almost exclusively due to the quantity of emulsion retained by the screen.
- the regularity of the emulsion thickness retained on the fabric ensures a passage well controlled by all the meshes of the screen.
- the emulsion To ensure a uniform thickness of the emulsion, it is also preferable to maintain the amount deposited on the fibers so that it is sufficient for the establishment of a very flat surface within the roughness limits indicated above. If the emulsion must coat all the fibers and also contribute to the resistance to wear caused by the friction of the scraper, it is preferable to limit this thickness to ensure the accuracy of the patterns formed, too great a thickness can lead to a less clear exposure and therefore to contours also less well defined.
- the thickness of the coated fabric is not more than 10% of that of the fabric before coating, and preferably not more than 7%.
- the windows considered have as a rule a surface of less than 0.3m 2 , and most often at least 0.5m 2 . They can reach dimensions of the order of 3m 2 , but most often do not exceed 2.5m 2 , and the most usual remain of a surface that does not exceed 2m 2 .
- the accuracy of the printed patterns is obviously a function of the mesh of the screen printing screen fabric.
- the smaller the mesh is the better the definition of the drawing.
- various elements limit the decrease of the mesh.
- a first factor is the nature of the printed composition, especially compositions intended to form enamelled patterns.
- Such compositions comprise a dispersion of particles of a material constituting a frit, in a liquid medium.
- the choice of meshes must take into account the viscosity of the applied composition, the closer the mesh is, the more the composition must be fluid. But the viscosity of the composition is also a function of the nature of the composition and the mode of application. In other words, the viscosity variations are necessarily limited.
- the more or less viscous compositions offer variable surface tension properties, which more or less favor the "smoothing" of the applied patterns.
- the choice of the composition makes it possible to more or less easily solve the printing points, in a regular continuous pattern.
- compositions have a viscosity of 5000 to 6500OcPs, most frequently between 8000 and 4500OcPs, and advantageously from 10000 to 3500OcPs. This viscosity corresponds to the composition as it is applied. The latter is generally obtained from the commercially available compositions, by adding a solvent which leads to a fluidification of these basic products. In other words, the commercial compositions which are used generally have a higher viscosity than those of the compositions actually applied.
- advantageous dimensions for the yarns are from 15 to 70 ⁇ m in diameter, preferably from 20 to 60 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably from 25 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the number of son is between 50 and 200 son per centimeter, preferably between 80 and 160, and particularly preferably between 90 and 150 son per centimeter.
- To these dimensions and numbers of threads still correspond dimensions of the openings of the mesh. They are all the more important that the son are larger in diameter, and consequently less numerous per centimeter.
- the resolution is better as the opening of the meshes is smaller. This resolution as indicated above is limited by that of the diameter of the son.
- the decrease in the openings is also limited by the particle size of the screen-printed compositions.
- the openings of the stitches in the applications according to the invention are advantageously between 200 and 30 ⁇ m in width, and preferably between 100 and 40 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the compositions used must remain compatible with the mesh openings.
- the particles Preferably have dimensions that are less than 2/3 of the mesh size, and preferably at most equal to half of these openings.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a fabric as used for screen printing applications
- FIG. 4 is a view similar to the previous to a larger scale
- FIG. 5 is an illustration of the application according to the invention for the production of heated glazing units
- FIG. 6 shows on an enlarged scale, a detail of the glazing of FIG.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic representation of the optical distortion measuring device
- FIG. 8 represents the measurement performed on the projected image in the determination of the optical distortion
- FIG. 9 is a schematic sectional view of a glazing comprising enameled conductor lines.
- Figure 1 shows a fabric model that can be used for the screen printing application.
- the fabric presented shows warp threads 1 and weft 2 of the same dimensions, intersecting regularly.
- the mesh openings o are usually of the order of magnitude of the diameter d of the yarns of the fabric. In the presentation the openings are square.
- the fabrics have other characteristics, for example different wefts and chains, meshes varying according to the areas of the screen, etc.
- Figure 2 shows in section the arrangement of the son 1, 2, in the fabric. This figure shows in particular, in an amplified manner, the configuration of the surface of the fabric of the screen. Obviously the surface on the scale of the son is not flat but marries the undulations of the son. The surface configuration takes into account the dimensions of the wires, the mesh, but also the tension of the fabric.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the fabric coated with the photosensitive coating 3.
- the regular coating impregnates the entire fabric such that in particular the lower face 4 in contact with the substrate to be printed is substantially flat at least on the meshes scale. .
- Figure 4 on a scale larger than that of Figure 3 schematically illustrates the actual state of the coated surface.
- the thickness T of the fabric with the photosensitive coating is greater than that of the fabric alone E. This additional thickness is possibly found on the upper face 5 of the fabric, but mainly on the lower face 4. The two faces on this scale have irregularities that determine what is called roughness.
- the roughness is measured between the prominent points and those which are deepest in the hollows of this surface.
- these irregularities or roughnesses are referenced R.
- the surface roughness of the screen printing screen prevents the application of the composition from giving rise to excessive adhesions of the screen to the substrate printed by surface effect mechanisms. These irregularities break the continuity of the coated layer without leading to defects in the coating of the printed surfaces.
- the pre-coated screens can be made on various fabrics. In particular it is possible to choose homogeneous fabrics for which the mesh is constant over the entire surface. It is also possible to use a fabric of "vario". In these fabrics some areas offer larger mesh openings. This type of fabric is useful for example in the case of the rear glasses, to simultaneously form the son and bus-bars that feed them. The bus bars must have a very low resistance to not unnecessarily heat areas of the glazing that are not in areas of vision. To achieve this result it is desirable to deposit a quantity of composition per unit area greater than that of the heating son. The use of "vario" screens meets this need.
- a heating wire network is applied to a window intended to form a rear window of a motor vehicle 6 as shown in FIG. 5.
- the heating wires 7 are applied by screen printing from a paste silver-based conductor marketed by the company Ferro.
- the silver-based pasta products are those sold under the references SP 1950, SP 1951. They comprise variable proportions of silver. The respective contents of these compositions are 88% and 60% by weight. Pasta even richer in silver are for example SP 1965 and SP 1972 also produced by the company Ferro. The silver content of these pastes is respectively 90 and 92%.
- variable contents make it possible for constant wire widths to vary the resistance of the wires and to adjust the power delivered to the glazing.
- the conductive pastes in question are applied in an amount such that for a thickness of 8 ⁇ m the resistivity of the conductive son is at most equal to 3.5 ⁇ .D after cooking and preferably at most equal to 3 ⁇ .D.
- compositions are adjusted in viscosity to a value of the order of 20,000 cPs.
- the pre-coated fabrics of photosensitive composition such as those marketed by Sefar, are in the example made of polyester son of 25 microns in diameter. The number of threads per centimeter is 120 in weft and warp. The mesh opening is approximately 70 ⁇ m.
- the coated fabric is exposed to secure the coating excluding the areas corresponding to the pattern of the heating wires 7 and the supply bars 8. After removing the coating in the unexposed areas the screen is ready for use. employment.
- the surface roughness of the underside of the screen is about 4 ⁇ m.
- the thickness of the fabric is of the order of 50 ⁇ m and the additional thickness due to the coating is of the order of 3 ⁇ m.
- the layer therefore covers the wires to a relatively small thickness. Nevertheless, in use, this layer, which is very regular and strongly adheres to the threads, satisfactorily resists wear.
- the application of the dough is carried out in a traditional manner.
- the printed wires form a conductive enamel.
- the resolution obtained is in this case of the order of 0.05mm.
- the finest son obtained by screen printing had a resolution much less satisfactory.
- compositions with a very high silver content such as those mentioned above. This is all the more necessary since the application of the following composition very small son width is usually accompanied by a simultaneous decrease in the thickness of the printed son which also results in an increase in resistance.
- the conduction characteristics of the heating wires follow a progression which is much more than proportional to the content of conductive particles.
- a relatively modest increase in the content of conductive particles is accompanied by a very significant increase in the conductivity.
- a passage from a content of 70 to an 85% content of conductive particles may result in an increase in conductivity of 50% or more of the son products produced having the same characteristics. It is therefore possible even with very fine heating wires to maintain a usable resistance.
- the surface covered by the wires preferably does not cover more than 1% of the surface of the glazing unit comprising the network of the wires in question.
- the choice of fine son for glazing according to the invention also allows a significant improvement in the optical qualities of the glazing and this even when the number of son is increased.
- the measurement of the optical quality is traditionally carried out in the automotive industry, and in particular by the so-called "zebra" method, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8.
- the principle of the distortion measurement technique consists in projecting the image of a set of parallel lines arranged on a transparency 9.
- the light beam coming from the source 12 passes the transparency, passes through the image glass and reproduces the image on the screen. 11.
- the lines projected on the screen are all equidistant when the glazing is perfectly free of optical defects. AT conversely, the differences ⁇ show deviations from the normal distance when the glazings have surface irregularities.
- the thinnest wires according to the invention have much thinner thicknesses because of the need to use screen printing screens which the openings are smaller, and if necessary to use a less viscous composition, so less rich in solids. Yarn thicknesses obtained under these conditions are for example between 4 and 9 ⁇ .
- the deviations on the screen have been measured for different sheets having conductive wires of variable widths.
- the deviation values are those located in the central region of the image for avoid parallax errors. They also depend of course on the respective arrangements with respect to the original image, the position of the glass sheet and that of the screen.
- the glass sheet is inclined with respect to the axis of the beam, to reproduce a configuration representative of what is found for the rear windows of many vehicles. This inclination is such that the normal to the sheet is at an angle of 30 ° with respect to the direction of the beam.
- the enameled son are arranged parallel to the projected features.
- the distance difference measured for a glazing unit with wires 0.3 mm wide is three times that of the glazing unit without wires.
- the same measurement made on a glazing unit with wires 0.1 mm wide results in an increase in distortions which is only 20% greater than the distortion of the wireless glazing.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Surface Heating Bodies (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP08841291.1A EP2204070B1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-10-24 | Process for printing windows containing an enamelled pattern |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP07119430 | 2007-10-26 | ||
EP08841291.1A EP2204070B1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-10-24 | Process for printing windows containing an enamelled pattern |
PCT/EP2008/064457 WO2009053469A2 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-10-24 | Glazing including a network of conductive wires |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2204070A2 true EP2204070A2 (en) | 2010-07-07 |
EP2204070B1 EP2204070B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
Family
ID=39202059
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP08841291.1A Active EP2204070B1 (en) | 2007-10-26 | 2008-10-24 | Process for printing windows containing an enamelled pattern |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8895899B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2204070B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP2011505311A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101836500B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2009053469A2 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
BE1020040A3 (en) | 2011-06-28 | 2013-04-02 | Agc Glass Europe | HEATED GLAZING. |
BE1020223A3 (en) | 2011-10-06 | 2013-06-04 | Agc Glass Europe | HEATED WINDSCREEN. |
CN104756315B (en) | 2012-10-25 | 2017-07-25 | 旭硝子株式会社 | Glass for vehicle window and its mounting structure |
US8993104B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2015-03-31 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Method of making a coated article and/or glazing for automobiles and/or the like |
US9567258B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-02-14 | Guardian Industries Corp. | Picture frame with glass mat, and/or method of making the same |
EP2955976A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 | 2015-12-16 | AGC Glass Europe | Heating glass |
CN104309282A (en) * | 2014-09-24 | 2015-01-28 | 深圳市华星光电技术有限公司 | Printing screen plate |
JP2016091658A (en) * | 2014-10-30 | 2016-05-23 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Heating plate, conductive pattern sheet and intermediate member |
FR3050730B1 (en) | 2016-04-27 | 2018-04-13 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | ENAMEL PRINTING METHOD FOR FUNCTIONAL LAYERED SHEET GLAZING |
WO2018167714A1 (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2018-09-20 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Method and device for measuring optical aberration |
FR3072610B1 (en) * | 2017-06-16 | 2022-07-22 | Saint Gobain | SCREEN PRINTING AND METHOD FOR OBTAINING GLAZING PROVIDED WITH ELECTROCONDUCTIVE PATTERNS |
FR3103809B1 (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2022-05-27 | Saint Gobain | Process for obtaining glazing provided with electrically conductive patterns |
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US2944926A (en) * | 1956-02-06 | 1960-07-12 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Electrically conductive windshield |
DE3543694A1 (en) * | 1985-12-11 | 1987-06-19 | Leybold Heraeus Gmbh & Co Kg | METHOD FOR PRODUCING CONTACT RAILS ON SUBSTRATES, ESPECIALLY ON DISC, AND DISC PRODUCED BY THE PROCESS |
GB8705075D0 (en) * | 1987-03-04 | 1987-04-08 | Pilkington Brothers Plc | Printing |
US5182431A (en) * | 1991-12-18 | 1993-01-26 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Electrically heated window |
JP3455039B2 (en) * | 1996-03-07 | 2003-10-06 | 日本板硝子株式会社 | Automotive window glass and automotive window structure using this glass |
JP2001048587A (en) * | 1999-08-17 | 2001-02-20 | Central Glass Co Ltd | Glass with functional film and its production |
DE10038768A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Saint Gobain Sekurit D Gmbh | Transparent substrate with pattern of electric conductive tracks, screen printed, using stove burnt paste |
ITMI20010807A1 (en) * | 2000-04-14 | 2002-10-13 | Saint Gobain | PROCEDURE FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF ELECTRO-CONDUCTOR TRACKS SUNUN TRANSPARENT SUBSTRATE AND SUBSTRATE OBTAINED |
JP2004221489A (en) * | 2003-01-17 | 2004-08-05 | Process Lab Micron:Kk | Metal mask and metal mask printing plate |
GB0307547D0 (en) * | 2003-04-01 | 2003-05-07 | Du Pont | Conductor composition V |
JP2007102002A (en) * | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-19 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Transparent heat generating panel |
JP2007200878A (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-08-09 | Toray Ind Inc | Method of manufacturing member for plasma display panel |
US20070187383A1 (en) * | 2006-01-19 | 2007-08-16 | Wipfler Richard T | Patterned conductive elements for resistively heated glazing |
GB0914961D0 (en) * | 2009-08-27 | 2009-09-30 | Appleton Steve | Electrically heated window |
GB2478987A (en) * | 2010-03-26 | 2011-09-28 | Iti Scotland Ltd | Encapsulation of an LED array forming a light concentrator for use with edge-lit light-guided back lights |
-
2008
- 2008-10-24 EP EP08841291.1A patent/EP2204070B1/en active Active
- 2008-10-24 JP JP2010530474A patent/JP2011505311A/en active Pending
- 2008-10-24 US US12/739,905 patent/US8895899B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2008-10-24 CN CN200880113299.4A patent/CN101836500B/en active Active
- 2008-10-24 WO PCT/EP2008/064457 patent/WO2009053469A2/en active Application Filing
-
2013
- 2013-06-11 JP JP2013122440A patent/JP2013233808A/en active Pending
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO2009053469A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2009053469A2 (en) | 2009-04-30 |
CN101836500B (en) | 2014-03-05 |
EP2204070B1 (en) | 2016-08-24 |
US20100252544A1 (en) | 2010-10-07 |
JP2011505311A (en) | 2011-02-24 |
CN101836500A (en) | 2010-09-15 |
US8895899B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
WO2009053469A3 (en) | 2009-10-15 |
JP2013233808A (en) | 2013-11-21 |
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