EP2201294A2 - Appareil de chauffage catalytique - Google Patents

Appareil de chauffage catalytique

Info

Publication number
EP2201294A2
EP2201294A2 EP08758259A EP08758259A EP2201294A2 EP 2201294 A2 EP2201294 A2 EP 2201294A2 EP 08758259 A EP08758259 A EP 08758259A EP 08758259 A EP08758259 A EP 08758259A EP 2201294 A2 EP2201294 A2 EP 2201294A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gas
catalytic
cartridge
catalyst
heating system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP08758259A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hans Jessen MØLLER
Frederik Gundelach MØLLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Heatgear Professional ApS
Original Assignee
Heatgear Professional ApS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Heatgear Professional ApS filed Critical Heatgear Professional ApS
Publication of EP2201294A2 publication Critical patent/EP2201294A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/004—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber being arranged for submerged combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C13/00—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material
    • F23C13/02—Apparatus in which combustion takes place in the presence of catalytic material characterised by arrangements for starting the operation, e.g. for heating the catalytic material to operating temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C3/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber
    • F23C3/002—Combustion apparatus characterised by the shape of the combustion chamber the chamber having an elongated tubular form, e.g. for a radiant tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/10—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head
    • F23D14/105—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head with injector axis parallel to the burner head axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/18—Radiant burners using catalysis for flameless combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2213/00—Burner manufacture specifications
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a catalytic heating system comprising a main catalyst for flameless catalytic burning of fuel gas and a triggering system for initiating the catalytic burning, the triggering system comprising an electrical power source electrically connected to an electrical resistance heater for heating a catalyst portion to a temperature necessary for triggering the catalytic burning.
  • Catalytic heating for hot water supplies is well known in the art and described, for example, in US patents 4,510,890 by Cowan, 4,886,017 by Viani, and 5,709,174 by Ledjeff et al.
  • burning of fuel by combustion is easily started by a piezo spark, it is very difficult to start by such simple means, especially if the system has small dimensions, hi order for the flameless catalytic oxidation of the fuel to start, a tem- perature of typically 150 0 C has to be achieved first for the catalytic burning. Therefore, as a starting mechanism, one common method, as also described in US patent 5,709,174 by Ledjeff, is to burn fuel in a flame in a combustion chamber prior the catalytic process in order to provide initial heat to start the catalytic process.
  • a catalytic heating system comprising a main catalyst for flameless catalytic burning of fuel gas and a triggering system for initiating the catalytic burning, the triggering system comprising an electrical power source electrically connected to a metallic catalyst portion. As electric current flows through the metallic catalyst portion, it is in itself heated as an electric resistance heater to a temperature necessary for triggering the catalytic burning.
  • catalyst portion means a portion of a catalyst, thus the catalyst portion itself is made of an electrically conducting, metallic catalytic material, for example the same material as the main catalyst.
  • a flameless catalytic heating element - without initial flame combustion implies a reduced danger when being operated in dangerous areas with flammable or explosive gases or steams, such as chemical or petrochemical storing sites and places.
  • a flame- less catalytic heating element can also be safely operated in areas with highly flammable dust or metal dust and in building areas, where gas-powered vehicles are being maintained, stored or parked.
  • the catalyst portion may be part of the main catalyst. However, this is not necessary.
  • the catalyst portion can be a separate unit for triggering of the reaction which, then, is transferred to the main catalyst. This makes the triggering portion independent of the main catalyst, which may be made of metal, for example platinum, palladium, rho- dium, ruthenium or iridium, and/or which may be made with a non-metallic support, for example activated alumina, silica, or ceramics.
  • the metallic catalyst portion is substantially smaller than the main catalyst.
  • the metallic catalyst portion through which current flows has a size of less than 1 cm, preferably less than 1 mm.
  • the metallic catalyst portion is a metal mesh, and the size of that part of the mesh through which current is flowing for the triggering is between 0.1 mm and 0.5 mm, for example around 0.25 mm.
  • size covers any dimension, that is the length, width and height, of that part that is heated to the temperature at which the reaction starts.
  • current is flowing through a mesh wire, where the mesh wire has a thinner catalyst portion than the rest of the mesh wire.
  • the thinner catalyst portion is heated up to the triggering temperature of around 150 0 C first and starts the catalytic process when the mesh wire has contact with the oxygen in the oxygen enriched gas/air mixture which raises the temperature to a higher temperature level which is necessary for start of the process.
  • a preferred embodiment comprises a main catalyst being a metallic mesh, because IR radiation can traverse the openings in the mesh and leads to a better heat distribution.
  • a mesh may be a thin mesh which is arranged in a flat configuration or bent, for example bent into a tube.
  • a tube may be provided with a cross section that is circular, oval, or polygonal.
  • the tube formed mesh has the advantage that IR radiation inside the tube easily escapes through the openings in the mesh, which allows for use of the tube formed catalyst to heat liquids in a tank surrounding the catalyst.
  • the catalyst heater according to the invention can be constructed compact, which is especially useful in portable devices.
  • the main catalyst is a tubular mesh formed with varying cross section.
  • a certain experiment used a conical catalyst in a cylindrical fluid-proof, infra-red transparent enclosure immersed in a liquid tank.
  • the conical metallic mesh catalyst was provided with the large end towards a bottom of the enclosure and the narrow end of the cone was arranged towards the gas exhaust. It was observed in this experiment that this arrangement yielded a higher efficiency for the catalytic burning and heat transfer than in an embodiment with a cylindrical catalyst in a cylindrical enclosure. The reason for this is not fully understood but believed to be due to a better transport of emission gases.
  • the gas itself is blown into the upper narrow part of the conical catalyst in the direction of the wide end of the cone.
  • the catalytic heating system comprises a venturi system for mix of fuel gas and oxygen before the catalytic burning.
  • the venturi system comprises a venturi nozzle with a nozzle exit and a channel surrounding the venturi for provision of oxygen, for example provided in an air stream through the channel.
  • the exit of gas from the venturi nozzle pulls air or oxygen along the gas stream in order to provide a blend of gas and oxygen or gas and air.
  • a venturi system is robust and dependable and may be manufactured in a great number for low costs, which for a system is a great advantage because is considered to be distributed among many users.
  • the venturi system just described may also improve prior art systems without the need of the triggering catalytic portion.
  • the advantage lies in the fact that a high amount of oxygen can be supplied to the fuel gas resulting in an efficient catalytic burning. Experiments have shown that the achieved efficiency with such a venturi can be near theoretical values.
  • a catalytic heater with a catalyst and a fuel gas supply may on a general basis take advantage of having a venturi system between the gas supply and the catalyst for mixing the fuel gas with oxygen from an oxygen supply, for example in the form of air.
  • the venturi system with the concave wall of the venturi nozzle and a convex pipe portion around the venturi to form a smoothly bending channel towards the venturi nozzle exit.
  • IR heating is well suited for heating of water or water containing liquids.
  • a water-proof separation between the medium to be heated and the catalytic heating element In order to enhance the efficiency of the transmission of the IR radiation it is advantageous to provide a partition wall made in a material that can be optimised with regard to both transmission of IR radiation and transfer of convection heat.
  • the partition wall may comprise aluminium, copper or quartz glass or a combination of these.
  • a preferred portable embodiment of the invention has an integrated fuel tank.
  • This fuel tank may be a refillable fuel tank or an exchangeable tank, for example screwed unto a corresponding winding and with a tube connection to the heater.
  • this fuel tank can be integrated in a handle or constitute a handle by itself.
  • the device may comprise a handle with a heating pipe containing the catalyst arranged in extension hereof.
  • the heating pipe is produced in a material that is transparent for infra-red radiation and fluid-proof for immersion in liquids.
  • the portable heating system has the advantage that it is more difficult to trace in use than conventional heating methods.
  • the heating system does not have any form of visible flame.
  • the system layout secures that the portable heating unit is surrounded by the medium, which has to be heated, which acts as a shield for the heat.
  • the emission gas is cooled efficiently by transferring heat to the gas tank. Also, the air providing oxygen for the catalytic burning is heated by the emission gas.
  • this heating system is both energy- efficient and environmentally benign.
  • the energy consumption is very low, namely only about 10-12 gram gas per litre water heated from 20 0 C to 100 0 C.
  • a propellant as natural gas, propane gas, butane gas, isobutene gas or a mixture hereof is being used. According to all prognoses, it should be possible to supply butane gas for the next 100 years. Heating units may in practice also apply hydrogen as propellant without significant changes.
  • the heating system has proved to heat water to the boiling point reliably even under extreme weather conditions including very low temperature and strong winds. Therefore, it is suited for military purpose and extreme sport.
  • the catalyst is elongate and extends horizontally or substan- tially horizontally in a bottom area of a liquid tank.
  • the catalyst is tube formed, as described above and arranged inside a water-tight and IR transparent tube.
  • an IR mirror may be provided.
  • the catalyst is sheet formed and contained in a corresponding water-tight and IR transparent enclosure.
  • the invention is useful for a large number of uses, for example in the case of a port- able, off-grid heater system,
  • Central heating garments extreme sporters, outdoor workers, rescue work- ers, first responders,
  • Cooling garments extreme sporters, outdoor workers, rescue workers
  • Cooling of fluids for example water, infusion fluids, intravenous fluids, or blood
  • Booster for heating of houses In connection with catalytic heaters, especially off grid portable systems are challenging to construct, in as much as a long catalytic burning chamber requires a large diameter in order to be possible to ignite with a spark.
  • spark ignition for example by a piezoelectric crystal, may be successful for large sys- terns, but fail for small systems.
  • Experience from large systems with respect to ignition of the catalytic process seems not to be scalable to small systems. This is surprising but has led to the ignition approach according to the invention.
  • a preferred embodiment is a flameless catalytic burner with a ratio between the di- ameter and the length is larger than 4. Further, it is preferred that the burning chamber is closed for immersion heating of liquid, especially in the case of a portable off grid device.
  • a preferred embodiment is a catalytic heater with a closed burning chamber for im- mersion into liquid and with a gas fuel supply through a venturi for adding between 1% and 9% air which is optimum for catalytic burning.
  • exhaust gases will seek upwards and leave the heater analogous to exhaust gas in a chimney.
  • the chamber has a diameter of less than 38 mm, and a length of about 160 mm, which are suitable dimensions for portable systems, it has turned out that such a device cannot be ignited by a spark. Therefore, the ignition system with an electric heater being a catalyst itself is ideal for such a system.
  • Preferable dimensions for portable systems are diameters of the burner of between 10 and 50 mm, preferably between 30 and 40 mm, and lengths between 50 mm and 300 mm, preferably between 100 and 200 mm.
  • a prototype has been fabricated along these lines with a total weight of less than 200 grams, an efficiency of more than 70% yielding an effect of 650 W, which is the approximate heat capacity of a ceramic heating plate with a nominal effect of 1600 W.
  • the heat effect of a burner with an inner diameter of 22 mm and an outer diameter of 24 mm, and a length of 130 mm was measured to 16.5 W/cm 2 . It was able to start in a temperature of -40 C without problems.
  • a gas supply is inserted into the burner, such as a gas cartridge.
  • Such cartridges are commercially available for example from the company Braun®, which also commercially supplies curling irons.
  • Such cartridges are supplied with an internal seat valve for delivery of gas from the cartridge, when a tube member of the seat valve is pressed into the cartridge by a stem.
  • a gas cartridge having a built-in gas flow adjustment mechanism that can be produced at low cost as described in the following.
  • This cartridge can be used as part of the invention described above but also can be provided independently thereof for other purposes, mainly catalytic burners, however.
  • the cartridge for gas with or without aerosols comprises a container for containing the gas and comprises a valve arrangement for release of gas from the container.
  • the valve arrangement comprises a valve, for example seat valve, with a tube member and a resilient member providing a resilient force against the tube member in a direction away from the container.
  • the tube member has an inner channel between a first open- ing directed towards the outside of the container and a second opening directed towards the inside of the container for release of gas from the container through the channel when the tube member is pressed against the resilient force a distance along a pressing direction towards the inside of the container.
  • the tube member has a tube wall around the channel with a plurality of second openings interspaced along the pressing direction for release of gas through a selection of these openings in dependence of the distance by which the tube member is pressed towards the inside of the container.
  • the second openings have mutually varying cross sectional sizes.
  • the tube wall is cylindrical with the first opening at the first end with an opposite closed end.
  • a simple stepwise adjustable valve into a cartridge By varying the cross section and/or the number of the used openings for the gas release, there is provided a simple stepwise adjustable valve into a cartridge.
  • the apparatus into which the gas cartridge is inserted does not need any complicated or dedicated valve arrangement, any corresponding maintenance work is avoided for the user. If the valve is not function properly, the cartridge can be exchanged with another cartridge. As these cartridges are mass produced, the costs are low.
  • the tube wall of the tube member is surrounded by a resilient polymer gasket, typically a sealing ring, which tightens the second openings against the gas pressure from the container.
  • a resilient polymer gasket typically a sealing ring
  • this may be achieved by locating the openings on that side of the gasket which is facing away form the container.
  • the tube mem- ber is pressed towards the container, one opening after the other is pushed to the oppo- site side of the gasket allowing gas to be released through these second openings.
  • all the openings that have been pushed to the opposite side of the gasket allow gas to flow into the openings.
  • the pushing of the tube member in the pressing direction may open only a selection of openings, possibly only one opening at a time, and close all neighbouring openings by second gasket means.
  • the latter is relevant, if the openings have different cross sections, for example, such that the first opening is used for a first flow rate and the next opening is used for a second, higher flow rate.
  • the cartridge is a replacement cartridge, which is replaced by another cartridge when emptied and not filled with new gas on site.
  • the cartridge is advantageously part of a recycling system, where the cartridge is refilled for re-use at a recycling factory.
  • the cartridge is also tested for proper functioning of the valve arrangement, preferably a seat valve. This testing can easily be automated such that only minor costs arise for this testing step in the recycling process. It should be stressed at this point that the production costs of a cartridge is almost negligible as compared to commercially available prior art car- tridges.
  • a cartridge for the catalytic burner for the catalytic burner is minimised also with respect to the possibility of being hit by a bullet.
  • This minimising of the risk is achieved by providing the cartridge with a low fric- tion surface, for example a polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE, Teflon) surface.
  • PTFE polytetrafluorethylene
  • the low surface friction minimises the heat that is developed on the surface due to the bullet sliding along the surface during deformation. If the heat production due to the low friction is low, the gas may be prevented from ignition and explosion despite the fact that the bullet penetrates the cartridge wall.
  • Cartridges used for gaseous fuel may comprise a tube extending from the valve arrangement and into the middle of the container. If the cartridge is filled with liquid gas only to less than the middle height of the cartridge, liquid gas cannot flow into the tube, not even when the cartridge is turned upside down. However, shaking of the apparatus with the cartridge during gas release may cause liquid gas to find its way into the tube, and proper gas release is disturbed.
  • the cartridge in a further embodiment comprises a fibrous absorptive material for absorbing liquid gas.
  • the fibrous material contains cellulose based fibres or cotton or both. Alternatively or in addition, polymer fibres may be contained.
  • gas cartridges are provided with a screw thread for fastening of the cartridge to the apparatus of interest.
  • screw threads are standardized and only very few variants are available due to the low number of mass producers. This implies that an apparatus using these cartridges has to be designed with one of these standardized threads or with means for fastening of cartridges without threads at all. These requirements limit the degrees of freedom for the design of such an apparatus.
  • gas cartridges can be provided with screw threads adapted to the apparatus of interest.
  • an insert may be used in connection with the cartridges having a stepwise adjustment mechanism as described above, however, it may also be used any other kinds of suitably dimensioned cartridges, for example for prior art standard cartridges without stepwise regulation.
  • the cartridge may be produced with a cavity around the valve arrangement, the cavity having a side wall widening in an inward direction of the cavity so as to form a shoulder in the cavity.
  • a shoulder is formed during a press-mounting of a closure member with the valve arrangement onto the rim of a container, where the side walls of the closure member are deformed.
  • the insert would have an overall cross section similar to the cavity.
  • the insert has resilient wings for fastening the insert to the cartridge by a clip action of the wings under the shoulder.
  • the insert may have a central protection cap for covering a gas exit of the valve arrangement.
  • the insert has a substantially circular cross section with a rim part compris- ing the wings and the screw threads, which preferably are directed inwards.
  • the protection cap is connected to the rim part by a plurality of bars configured for manual breaking to release the cap from the rim part. These bars imply a safety signal for the user, because the cartridge can only be used without the cap, and a breakage of the bars for removal of the cap clearly indicates for a user that the car- bridge has been used before.
  • the cartridge is especially suited for a heating apparatus with a catalytic burner.
  • the heating apparatus has an enclosure for enclosing the cartridge.
  • the heating apparatus may have a flow path leading the burned gas from the catalyst past the cartridge, thereby providing a heat exchanger arrangement in the enclosure around the cartridge for heat exchange between burned gas from the catalytic burner and the cartridge surface. This reduces also the temperature of the exhaust gas, which may be a great advantage to reduce the thermal (infrared) traceability of the heater in military operations.
  • the enclosure also houses a flow path for the intake air for the catalytic burner, the enclosure comprising a heat exchanger for heat exchange between the hot, burned gas from the catalyst and the intake air for the catalyst.
  • the emission gas is cooled from the hot state immediately after the catalytic burning at more than 400 0 C to a cool state only slightly above ambient temperature.
  • the envelope may have gas release openings for release of burned gas to the surrounding atmosphere after heat transfer from the gas to the surface of the cartridge, where the release openings have radially outwards directed flow paths.
  • the term radially outwards has to be understood relatively to a cartridge having a cylindrical shape. Experimentally, it has been verified that the mixing with surrounding air is more efficient when the flow is radial as compared to a flow, where the emission gas is directed parallel with the cylindrical surface of a cartridge.
  • Such a catalytic heater is especially useful for military application, pre-hospital environments, and field hospitals, for use during hiking, trekking or camping, for heating " of water or food, and for use as a warmer for parts of the body.
  • the use for a curling iron is also possible among a large variety of other applications.
  • a preferred embodiment for catalytic burners comprises a catalyst being a metallic mesh, because IR radiation can traverse the openings in the mesh and leads to a better heat distribution.
  • a mesh may be a thin mesh which is arranged in a flat configuration or bent, for example bent into a tube.
  • FIG. 1 show a sketch of a portable heating system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a portable system in more detail
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a heating unit in a bottle, a) covered with a lid and b) with a fuel tank installed
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a portable pressurized sterilizer a) closed with a lid and b) with a heating unit inserted
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a catalyst with plane straight units in a) end view and b) side view
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a catalyst with plane straight or plane bent units, wherein a) shows a straight unit, and b), c), and d) show different bent units, and e) is a straight double catalyst,
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment with a conical catalyst mesh
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an embodiment for a warm water supply with a conical mesh catalyst
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a portable flexible liquid heater bag
  • FIG. 10 shows a portable infusion heater
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a body heater
  • FIG. 12 shows an embodiment for a triggering system in a heater system and with a venturi system for a heating system according to the invention
  • FIG. 13 shows a gas cartridge in a side view a) before insertion of an insert, and b) after insertion of the insert
  • FIG. 14 shows the cartridge in a transparent view a) before and b) after insertion of the valve cup;
  • FIG. 15 shows the valve cup in greater detail
  • FIG. 16 shows the cup insert in a) a cross sectional side view, b) in an end view with the protection cap, and c) in an end view with removed protection cap;
  • FIG. 17 shows the valve cup with inserted cup insert and adapter
  • FIG. 18 shows an assembly sequence a) before and b) after insertion of the valve cup into an adsorptive media, c) before and d) after insertion of the adsorptive media with the valve cup into the container, and e) in an end view;
  • FIG. 19 shows the cartridge inserted into an apparatus in a) cross sectional side view and b) in an enlarged partial view;
  • FIG. 20 shows an alternative embodiment with a tube around the cartridge in the apparatus in a) an overview and b) partially stripped enlarged view;
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a heater with passive flow adjustment
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a heating system for the cartridge.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heating system 1 according to the invention.
  • the heating system 1 comprises a heating unit 2 and a protecting container 163.
  • the heating unit 2 has a handle 4 for attachment of the heating unit 2 and a heating pipe 5 that emits heat radiation from the catalytic element contained in the heating pipe 5.
  • the heating pipe 5 can be fitted into a protective container 163, when the heating system is not in use.
  • the container 163 may also be used for storing fluids or other materials such as powder, for example in connection with heating with the heating pipe 5 or in order to constitute a storage container of fluid or other materials during transport and use.
  • the container 163 may be used for hot fluids and function as a thermo-isolating bottle or for warming hands by holding the container 163.
  • the container 163 may be thermally isolated in order to reduce the output of energy to the surroundings.
  • the container 163 has an upper opening 6 and a thread 7 corresponding to an internal thread (not shown) of an adapter 8 in one end of the handle 4.
  • FIG. Ia shows the heat- ing unit 2 and the container 163 separated from each other, while FIG. Ib shows the heating unit 2 and the container 163 in a situation, in which they are screwed together.
  • the container 163 may have other shapes and sizes than the one shown in FIG. 1, and the heating system 1 may be provided with a number of other containers for heating of fluids or other materials. It would be beneficial to provide such other containers with an internal or external thread 7 in their open end 6, so that they may be screwed together with the adapter 8 for heating of the material therein. In connection to heating of fluid or another material in the container 163, it is up to the user to take into account any pressure rise in the closed tank that could occur during the heating.
  • the heating system 1 may advantageously be provided with a safety valve connected to the interior of the container 163, in order to provide a passage for equalization of pressure relative to the atmos- phere in case of over-pressure in the container 163. It is not necessary that a fluid- filled tank is screwed together with the adapter 8 during the heating process.
  • the heating system 1 may, near the handle 4, furthermore, be provided with a pivotal hanger 9 for attachment of the system 1, for example in a belt on a uniform.
  • the heating pipe 5 is closed at the lower end in order to prevent fluid from entering the pipe 5. Accordingly, there is no entry of fluid from the container 163 into the handle 4 or into the pipe 5.
  • the safety valve for equalization of pressure may also be located in the adapter 8.
  • a catalytic burner in the form of a metallic mesh that is supplied with gas to the process from a fuel/gas tank in the handle 4.
  • a valve which can be controlled by use of a regulator via a button 11 or a build in valve in the fuel tank.
  • a push button 10 As shown in FIG. Ib.
  • the push button 10 both provides electricity to the catalyst portion that ignites the flameless catalytic burning and opens for the gas so that the heating unit 2 may be operated with one hand.
  • Air suction and exhaust of gas is provided via openings in the upper part of the handle, in which there in FIG.
  • suction opening 12 and exhaust openings may be provided with a regulation valve 13 for regulation of the volume of intake air and emission gas, respectively, through the openings.
  • FIG. 2 a specific embodiment of the more general heating system 1 shown in FIG. 1.
  • the sketch in FIG. 2 shows the handle 4 with the heating pipe 5 inserted into the built-on container 163.
  • the handle 4 comprises a fuel/gas tank 14, from which gas via a regulator 15, for example operated by a button 11 as shown in FIG. Ia, is fed into a nozzle 16.
  • a nozzle 16 is part of a venturi system 17, so that the gas carries air and hence oxygen along with it, when the gas is feed out of the tank 14.
  • This air is provided via the pipeline 18 that is connected to the inlet port 12.
  • the gas and air mixture is feed through a transport pipe 19 between the venturi system 17 and a catalytic element 20.
  • the transport pipe 19 is on the same level as the catalytic burner 20, which may be provided with apertures or an adjusted length in interaction with a special shaped bottom that forms the closing section of the catalytic element 21 in order to ensure a smooth flow and gas-air distribution in the catalytic burner 20.
  • these emission gases are feed through another pipe system 22 to an exhaust opening 23 in the opposite section of the handle 4.
  • the catalytic burner 20 can have different geometrical shapes depending on the intended application and efficiency. As an example, it may comprise or be comprised of two plane units or of one or more curved units, for instance cylindrical units, which is illustrated in more detail in FIG. 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 5a and 5b illustrate end view and side view of a heater system 30 inside which a plane straight catalyst 31 arranged in a liquid tight enclosure with flat enclosure walls 32 and 33 through which IR radiation is emitted to both sides.
  • the system has an air inlet 34 and a gas exhaust 35.
  • a manifold with multiple inlets 36 in the lower part 37 of the heater system.
  • Alternatives for plane catalysts are illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 Alternatives for plane catalysts are illustrated in FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6a is a sketch of the plane straight catalyst 31 with air inlet 34 and gas exhaust 35.
  • FIG. 6b illustrates a plane curved catalyst 38 forming a bending of a half circle, whereas FIG. 6c and 6d illustrate plane catalysts 39, 40, 41 with a bending over larger angles.
  • a double straight plane catalyst 42 with is illustrated in FIG. 6e.
  • the catalytic process produces a great amount of infrared radiation, which is being transmitted through the material of the heating pipe 5 and into the container 163, which is closed upwardly with a partition wall 29.
  • the medium in the container 163 is being exposed to the infra-red radiation that especially heats the water in the container 163.
  • the container 163 may be provided with a reflective coating on the inside, in order to reduce the emission of heat through the wall of the container 163. It is furthermore possible to construct the container 163 with a general heat insulating wall, optionally with a multi-layered structuring as known from thermo-isolating bottles and cans.
  • a heat insulating container 163 and a handle that is not heated it is difficult to trace the use of such heating system 1 in relation to military actions, because the emission of heat, by this way, is minimised.
  • a certain kind of emission of heat implying a potential risk for tracing during application is associated to the heated emissions (gas, water vapour) from the known catalytic process through the exhaust opening 23.
  • a counter flow heat exchanger 25 that, at least in part, encloses the gas tank 14 in order to transform heat from the exhaust emissions to the walls of the gas tank and further to the gas exit of the gas tank and to the liquid gas inside the gas tank 14.
  • the pipeline 22 for the emission gas is, at least in part, surrounded by the pipeline 18 for the intake air through the inlet port 12. Accordingly, heat is transferred from the emission gases to the gas tank 14 and to the intake air, which contributes towards an optimal catalytic combustion.
  • the gas from the gas tank 14 during expansion after the nozzle 16 in the venturi system 17 entails a cooling of the gas which increases the uptake of heat from the emission gas.
  • Emission of heat from the emission gas to the intake gas and the gas tank 14 contributes towards to en- sure an expedient function of the heating system 1 also in very cool surroundings. Therefore, the heating system 1 is well suited for use both in hot and cool areas, and due to its robust nature, it is well suited for use in the military sector.
  • the heating unit 1 In order to reduce the risk for damage of the apparatus and the personnel, the heating unit 1 is provided with a safety valve 25 between to the interior of the container 163 and the atmosphere outside the tank.
  • the safety valve opens a passage between the interior of the container 163 and the surrounding atmosphere for equalization of pressure.
  • the over-pressure valve is in the figure located in the adapter 8, but it is possible to provide a over-pressure valve in other appropriate places in the apparatus.
  • the heating unit 2 may, furthermore, be provided with a heat sensor 26, which by use of the infra-red radiation emitted by the medium 24 can measure the temperature of the medium 24.
  • a heat sensor 26 may comprise a thermometer that measures the temperature of the medium while being submerged into the medium.
  • the heat sensor may be connected to a temperature indicator on the handle (not shown) or to an acoustic device that indicates when the medium 24 has reached a certain preset temperature. It may, as an example, be possible to set this temperature on a unit on the handle or the temperature may be preset, so that it is indicated when a certain temperature is reached, for instance by a sound or light indication on the handle. Hence, it may also be considered to use installed light indicators in different colours or a number of light indicators that are turned on depending on the temperature reached in order to indicate to the user the temperature reached or exceeded.
  • a temperature dependent valve that regulates the gas flow directly to the catalytic burner may be inserted. If the temperature in the catalytic burner exceeds a preset temperature, this temperature dependent valve will regulate the gas flow downwards until the temperature come down below the level that is permitted in the catalytic burner.
  • FIG. 3b shows a bottle 95 with an inserted heating unit 2 having a fuel tank 14 and a heating pipe 5.
  • An overpressure valve 92 prevents damage due to overpressure in analogy with the above mentioned embodiments.
  • the heating unit 2 is not in use, the fuel tank 14 may be removed and the remaining heating unit with the heating pipe 5 covered by a lid 89, as illustrated in FIG. 3a.
  • the heating unit is connected to the bottle 95 by a standard adapter 8 as mentioned in connection with the other em- bodiments.
  • FIG. 4a and b illustrate a portable pressurized sterilizer 96 with a pressurisable container 97 closed with a pressure resistant lid 98, which is opened to insert medical tools or other effects to be sterilised.
  • these tools may be placed into a grid which is inserted into the container.
  • the container 97 is closes by another lid 89.
  • This other lid 89 is removed, when a heating unit 2 is inserted into the container 97, which is illustrated in FIG. 4b.
  • the heating pipe 5 may reside inside the sterilizer, and only the fuel tank 14 is removed for placing the another lid 89.
  • the heating unit 2 is provided with a pressure valve 92. This overpressure for the valve to open may be adjusted to a predetermined value, for example 2 bars.
  • a portable pressurised sterilizer is generally useful when combined with catalytic burners, also if the burners have other ignition systems than the present invention.
  • a piezoelectric ignition system or a system as disclosed in US 4,886,017 by Viani could be used alternatively.
  • a portable pressurised sterilizer with a pressurizable container having an opening for insertion of elements to be sterilized and with a catalytic burner immersed in a liquid inside the container.
  • the catalytic burner has a heating pipe containing the catalyst, where the heating pipe is produced in a material that is transparent for infra-red radiation and fluid-proof for immersion in liquids.
  • Such a catalytic heater may be fastened to an opening in the container for submersing the heating pipe into the liquid in the container, where the open- ing cooperates with an adapter of the catalytic burner in order to achieve a tight fastening, for example a screw fastening.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an embodiment with a conical catalyst.
  • This embodiment comprises a conical main catalyst 50 connected to a gas supply tube 51 at the narrow end of the cone for release of fuel gas and air mixture in the upper end of the conical main catalyst 50.
  • the gas is released under pressure, which transports the gas to the lower, wide end of the cone, where also a trigger mechanism with a catalyst portion 52 is located.
  • Gas is supplied through a gas inlet 53 via a gas flow regulator 54 and a venturi system 55, where gas and air from the air inlet 73 is mixed.
  • the flow regulator opens for gas/air supply into the lower end of the main catalyst tube 50 and switches electrical current in wire 56, which is electrically connected to the catalyst portion 52.
  • the metal catalyst portion 52 in the bottom part of the main catalyst tube 50 is electrically heated by electric conduction through the metallic catalyst portion 52 acting as an electrical resistant heater up to a temperature high enough, for example between 15O 0 C and 250 0 C with additional temperature increase due to the provided oxygen, to start catalytic reaction, which occurs typically between 300 0 C and 500 0 C.
  • the catalytic reaction triggers the catalytic burning inside the main catalyst 50.
  • the emission gas 57 is extracted through a gas exhaust 58.
  • the catalytic burning inside the conical main catalyst 50 emits IR radiation through the IR transparent enclosure 59, for example made of quarts glass or aluminium, outside of which water is flowing within a water tube 60, the water being provided through water inlet 61 and released through water outlet 62.
  • the water may be substituted by other liquids in connection with the embodiment.
  • the wall 64 of the water tube may be made of a light weight material, such as plastic.
  • other materials are possible, for example steel or other metals.
  • Preferred is a material which is opaque to IR radiation.
  • the conical metal mesh of the main catalyst 50 has proven to yield a proper transport of emission gases better than a cylindrical tube. As the emission gases are hot, they transfer heat to the water also in the part above the catalyst 50. In order to provide as much heat as possible to the water in the water tube 60, the gas supply tube 51 is pro- vided with a ceramic part 63, thermally isolating coating or surrounding ceramic tube, on the part above the catalyst, and, optionally, also inside the catalyst.
  • the electrical wire is connected to the catalyst portion 52 through the water tube 60 by way of tight flanges 66.
  • the gas flow regulator is electrically connected 67 to a temperature sensor 68 for measuring the actual temperature of the water in the water tube 60.
  • the flow regulator 54 is connected 71 to the venturi system 55 and connected 70 to a lambda sensor 69 for adapting the burner to optimal catalysis for highest efficiency and reduced environmental load.
  • a conical catalyst 50 is illustrated in an embodiment, where the catalyst 50 is embedded in a liquid tank 60 for a non-portable application, for example for water distribution grid application, as an industrial liquid warmer, or as a household water heater.
  • the reference numbers are as in FIG. 5 for likewise elements.
  • the arrangement is different from the apparatus in FIG. 5 in that the catalyst is provided in a horizontal orientation in the bottom of the liquid tank 60, where the temperature, normally under heating conditions is substantially lower than at the top, where the heated liquid is extracted through liquid outlet 62.
  • the temperature profile of the liquid may be approximately linearly increasing with height from the catalytic burner.
  • a typical temperature range between the bottom and the top of the liquid tank is from 25 0 C at the bottom due to the cold inlet liquid with a temperature of around 15 0 C and to around 80 0 C at the top, where liquid is extracted, m order to direct the IR radiation efficiently into the liquid tank 60, there is provided a reflector 72 below the IR transparent enclosure 59.
  • FIG. 9 shows a portable liquid heating bag 75, in a perspective view in FIG. 9a, illus- trating a heating system 74 comprising a heating unit 2 with a heating pipe inside a flexible bag 75 the volume 91 of which filled with liquid, typically water.
  • the heating bag 75 may be used for melting snow added into the volume 91 through opening 90 in order to get water for consumption.
  • the view in FIG. 9b shows a cross sectional cut through the flexible bag 75 such that an arrangement with a heating pipe surrounded by an outer tube 76 is visible.
  • the outer tube 76 has lower openings 77 and upper openings 78 such that water or other liquid can flow into an interspace between the heating pipe and the outer tube 76.
  • the heating of the water in this interspace creates convection of the water or other liquid in the interspace such that an efficient circulation is created from the lower openings 77 to the upper openings 78.
  • the liquid in the volume 91 may be used for heating other material.
  • a liquid box 79 is inserted into the heating bag 75 for heating by the water or liquid in the enclosure 75.
  • This liquid box may contain an infusion liquid or blood for medical use or other material.
  • the enclosure 75 can be equipped with an upper folding closure 80 which can be unfolded for access to the inner volume of the enclosure. Through this folding closure, the liquid box 79 may be inserted or removed from the enclosure 75.
  • Other closing mechanisms for example a zip closure, may be used alternatively.
  • the liquid heating bag is generally useful when combined with catalytic burners, also if the burners have other ignition systems than the present invention.
  • a piezoelectric ignition system or a system as disclosed in US 4,886,017 by Viani could be used alternatively.
  • useful is a portable liquid heating bag made in a flexible material and having an opening for insertion of a catalytic burner immersed in a liquid inside the container.
  • the catalytic burner has a heating pipe containing the catalyst, where the heating pipe is produced in a material that is transparent for infra-red radiation and fluid-proof for immersion in liquids.
  • Such a catalytic heater may be fastened to an opening in the bag for submersing the heating pipe into the liquid in the bag, where the opening cooperates with an adapter of the catalytic burner in order to achieve a tight fastening, for example a screw fastening.
  • the heating pipe 5 is surrounded by an outer tube 76 with lower openings 77 and upper openings 78 such that water or other liquid can flow into an interspace between the heating pipe 5 and the outer tube 76.
  • the heating of the water in this interspace creates convection of the water or other liquid in the interspace such that an efficient circulation is created from the lower openings 77 to the upper openings 78.
  • the latter ebbodiment is also useful in connection with the sterilizer as describe above and with the body heater as described below.
  • a body heater 81 is illustrated with a tube system 82 to be placed onto the body surface, for example along arms and legs inside clothing.
  • the tube system is connected by circulation tubes 83, 84 to a heat container 85 inside which a heating system 2 according to the invention is arranged.
  • FIG. lib shows the heat container 85 in greater detail.
  • a fuel tank 14 provides the necessary fuel for the heating unit 2 which warms up liquid inside the heat container 85.
  • a pump system 86 heated liq- uid enters end exits the heat container through respective openings 87a, 87b.
  • the pump system may comprise a pump speed regulator 88.
  • the heat container 85 When the body heater 81 is not in use, the heat container 85 may be closed by a lid 89 after removal of the heating unit 2 or after removal of the fuel tank 14, which is illustrated in FIG. 1 Ic.
  • An overpressure valve 93 is provided in order to prevent explosion in case that the liquid is heated over the boiling point.
  • the body heater is generally useful when combined with catalytic burners, also if the burners have other ignition systems than the present invention.
  • a piezoelectric ignition system or a system as disclosed in US 4,886,017 by Viani could be used alternatively.
  • useful is a portable body heater having an opening for insertion of a catalytic burner immersed in a liquid inside the container.
  • the catalytic burner has a heating pipe containing the catalyst, where the heating pipe is produced in a material that is transparent for infra-red radiation and fluid-proof for immersion in liquids.
  • Such a catalytic heater may be fastened to an opening in the bag for submersing the heating pipe into the liquid in the bag, where the opening cooperates with an adapter of the catalytic burner in order to achieve a tight fastening, for example a screw fastening.
  • FIG. 12 shows a venturi system and a triggering system for a heating system according to the invention.
  • the venturi system is not necessary for the triggering system to function and the triggering system is not necessary for the advantages of the venturi.
  • a combination is preferred due to the optimised performance.
  • a venturi system 55 is provided for mix of fuel gas 42 and oxygen/air 43.
  • the fuel is provided as evaporated fuel gas 42 through a venturi nozzle 44 and the oxygen/air is added through a channel 45 smoothly bending towards the nozzle exit 49, the channel being provided as the space between the concave outer side 46 of the nozzle 44 and the convex inner wall 47 of the surrounding pipe portion 48.
  • the heating pipe 5 encloses a ceramic connection 63 between the venturi 44, 48 and the fastening means 94 of the conical main catalyst mesh 50.
  • An electrode 99 is isolated 100 against a conducting base 101, which is electrically connected to a holder 102.
  • the holder 102 is electrically connected to the electrode 99 via a catalyst part 104 which is heated by current flowing from the electrode 99 through the catalyst part 104 to the base 101.
  • the gas mixture is provided at the upper end of the catalyst mesh 50, the gas has to be transported 104 to the lower, wide part of the catalyst mesh 50.
  • the gas has to change direction which is achieved with very low flow resistance by a curved surface 105, preferably a spherically curved surface.
  • the emission gas 57 leaves the burner between the mesh 50 and the outer pipe 5.
  • the surface area of the catalyst part 104 is very small, such that only a small current is necessary to heat the catalyst part 104.
  • a gas cartridge 14 is shown.
  • the valve cup 163 has a cavity 166, into which a cup insert 165 can be inserted.
  • the cup insert 165 comprises a protection cap 106 covering the tube member 164 for protec- tion of it.
  • FIG. 14a shows the cartridge 14 before insertion of the cup insert 165
  • FIG. 14b shows the cartridge 14 after insertion of the cup insert 165.
  • the cartridge 14 comprises the container 162 with a container wall 108, inside which an absorptive media 109 is located which absorbs liquid gas.
  • an absorptive media 109 is located which absorbs liquid gas.
  • FIG. 15 shows the valve 111 in the valve cup 163 in greater detail.
  • the tube member 164 has a tube wall 112 and an internal channel 113 through which gas is released through opening 113' at tube end 112'. The release of gas is achieved, when the tube member 164 is pressed into the space 114 by counteracting the resilient force from the spring 127 (or, alternatively another type of resilient member).
  • the spring 127 presses the tube member shoulders 115 against rubber sealing 116 in a seat valve configuration. This rubber sealing 116 closes for gas access to the three release channels 117a, 117b, 117c. Gas finds its way into space 114 through tube 110 and pipe 118.
  • the tube member 164 may be pressed a distance into the space 114 such that only the first re- lease channel 117a is open for gas release from the space 114. This leads to gas release at a first release rate. If the tube is pressed further into the space, gas is released through the first release channel 117a and through the second release channel 117b, leading to a faster release rate of the gas. An even further pressing of the tube member into the space 114 leads to a release not only through the first 117a and second 117b release channel but also through the third release channel 117c, implying an even faster release of gas through internal channel 113 of tube member 4.
  • the cross sectional size of the release channels 117a, 117b, 117c may be equal or may be varying. In addition, the number of release channels can be different from three in dependence on the desired number of release steps.
  • the seat valve 111 is gas-tightly supported and enclosed by a metal surrounding 119 and support cone 120 being part of the valve cup 163.
  • the valve cup 163 has an open ring 121 with a sealing 122 for engagement with the neck 123 of container 162 as illustrated in FIG. 14a.
  • the initially straight side walls 124 of the valve cup 163, as shown in FIG. 15 are deformed into shoulders 126, as shown in FIG. 14a, for secure and gas tight fastening of the valve cup 163 to the con- tainer neck 123.
  • These shoulders 126 are used for holding the cup insert 165 in place, as the resilient wings 107 during insertion slide along the inner side 125 of the open ring 121 and grab into the shoulders 126, which is illustrated in FIG. 14b.
  • FIG. 16a is a side projection of the cup insert 165 in analogy to FIG. 13a
  • FIG. 16b is a top view before removal of the protection cap 106.
  • the protection cap 106 has a lower rim 106', which is not shown in FIG. 16a.
  • the lower rim 106' is connected to the outer ring 128 by bars 129 which are broken for removal of the protection cap 106, after which the cup insert 165 appears as illustrated in FIG. 16c.
  • the cup insert 165 also comprises inner threads 130 for connection to a gas consuming apparatus, for example via an adapter 131, as illustrated in FIG. 17.
  • the adapter 131 has a first threaded part 132 engaging with the threads 130 and a second part 133 with outer threads 134 for engagement with cooperating threads in an apparatus. Such an engagement will be explained in more detail later.
  • FIG. 18a-18e illustrates an assembly sequence for a cartridge according to the invention.
  • the valve cup 163 with the tube 110 is provided with a sleeve 135 of an absorptive media 109.
  • the sleeve 135 has an inner tubular channel 136 for accommodation of the tube 110 and with a conical part 138 at the one end 137 for facilitating the insertion of the tube 110.
  • FIG. 18b shows the situation when the tube 110 is accommodated in the sleeve 135.
  • the assembly of the valve cup 163 and the sleeve 135 is inserted into the container 162, as illustrated in FIG. 18c, and then sealed by defor- mation of the straight walls 124 into shoulders 126, which is shown in FIG. 18d.
  • FIG. 18e shows an end view of the final assembly.
  • the absorptive media 169 takes up liquid gas and prevents that liquid gas enters the tube 110 such that only evaporated gas is released through tube member 164.
  • the absorptive media 109 can be made of various kinds, however, first prototypes used tampons without superabsorbants. Tampons of the normal commercial type have proven to be suitable for absorbing all liquid gas efficiently. During filling of liquid gas into the container 162, the tampon absorbs the liquid and expands, until it fills most of the container, as illustrated in FIG. 2b.
  • the primary purpose of the invention is in connection with fuel cartridges.
  • aerosol gas cartridges is another application. If aerosols are desired, the tube 110 may extend even further into the container 162.
  • FIG. 19a illustrates a possible embodiment of an apparatus in the form of a catalytic burner containing a cartridge 14.
  • FIG. 19b is an enlarged view of part of FIG. 19a.
  • the outer threads 134 of the adapter 133 are engaged with inner threads 140 of the apparatus 1 for mount of the cartridge 14 onto the apparatus 1.
  • the tube member 164 extends through a sealing ring 141 to a press member 142 against which the tube member 164 is pressed when the adapter 133 is screwed far enough into the apparatus. Screwing the cartridge 14 results in a longitudinal displacement of the adapter relative to the threads 140 of the apparatus 1 and, consequently, results in a longitudinal displacement of the cartridge 14 relatively to the apparatus 1. If the cartridge 14 is screwed into the apparatus 1, the tube member 164 is pushed into the space 114 providing passage between the space 114 through one or more of the release channels 117a, 117b, 117c and into the entrance channel 143 of the apparatus 1.
  • the tube member 164 has an outer diameter of 2.76 mm, 3.08 mm, 3.70 mm, 4.70 mm, or 5.15 mm.
  • the cartridge 14 can be designed to only function correctly in connection with a certain type of apparatus. Practical experiments have shown that a fine adjustment threading between the adapter 133 and the apparatus 1 leads to a smoothly adjustable gas flow over the diameter of the release opening 117a, 117b, 117c.
  • Such release opening can also be produced elon- gate along the pressing direction, such that a smooth adjustment of the gas flow rate can be performed over a larger pressing distance.
  • the gas pressure from the gas in the tube member 4, 4' pushes against rubber ball 44 such that it is displaced form its seat 169 for letting gas pass around it into and into nozzle 16 being part of a venturi 55.
  • a bimetallic plate 47 is deformed in its seat 170 due to the heat and pushes the rubber ball 44 back against the gas flow in order to reduce the gas flow such that a safe operating temperature can be assured for the apparatus 1.
  • the container 2 is protected by a bottom cap 148.
  • FIG. 20a an embodiment is shown, where a protection tube 151 surrounds the cartridge 14 and is fastened to the apparatus 1.
  • FIG. 20b is an enlarged partial view, where most of the parts of the apparatus are not shown.
  • an end part 152 of the protection tube 151 has outer threads 153 engaging with inner threads 149 of the end cap 148.
  • the engagement between the threads 149 and 153 displaced the end cap relatively to the protection tube 151 by which a bottom plate 150 displaces cartridge 14 relatively to the apparatus 1.
  • no cup insert 105 is inserted into the cavity 3' of the valve cup 3.
  • FIG. 19b is substituted by a different adapter 133', which in the embodiment of FIG. 20b is fastened to the apparatus 1 in the same way as the adapter in FIG. 19b, however, as there is no cup insert 165 in the embodiment of FIG. 20b, the purpose of the adapter is a sliding guidance between a cylindrical part of the valve cup 165 and a cylindrical surface of the adapter 133'.
  • the cartridge 14 By surrounding the cartridge 14 with a protection tube 4, the cartridge 14 is protected against damage from the outside.
  • an efficient heat exchange can be achieved between the emission gas and the intake air.
  • the cartridge can be heated by the emission gas, which is relevant in cold regions.
  • FIG. 20b illustrates a situation, where the tube member 164 has been pressed so far into the space 114 that the first release channel 117a is just about to connect the space 14 with the inner channel 113 of the tube member 164.
  • the cartridge is useful for a catalytic burner as disclosed in International patent appli- cation WO 2007/085251, the disclosure of which is included herein by reference.
  • a regulator with a valve for release of fuel gas operated by an external button.
  • this regulator can be avoided, because the cartridge itself has a stepwise regulation function. All other parts can be retained.
  • the catalytic process produces a great amount of infra-red radiation, which is being transmitted through the fluid-proof, infrared-transparent material of the heating pipe 5 and into the fluid container 163.
  • the medium for example water containing liquid
  • the container 163 is exposed to the infra-red radiation that especially heats the medium in the container 163.
  • the container 163 may be provided with a reflective coating on the inside in order to reduce the emission of heat through the wall of the container 163.
  • the quality of the catalytic process is depending on the amount of gas delivered to the catalytic burner, as the burner demands different amounts of gas in dependence of the surrounding temperature and the required performance of the apparatus 1.
  • the delivered gas rate is adjusted as explained as above in connection with FIG. 19 and FIG. 20.
  • a certain kind of emission of heat that implies a potential risk of tracing during application is associated to the heated emissions (gas, water vapour) from the known catalytic process through the exhaust open- ing 170.
  • a counter flow heat exchanger 171 that, at least in part, encloses the gas cartridge 14 in order to transform heat from the exhaust emissions to the gas in the gas tank.
  • the pipeline 169 for the emission gas is, at least in part, surrounded by the pipeline 161 for the intake air through the inlet port 162.
  • the heating system is well suited for use both in hot and cool areas and due to its robust nature it is well suited for use in the military sector.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a further embodiment of the catalytic burner, wherein a pressure regulator 146 is implemented in the catalytic burner.
  • the cartridge has a female adapter 197 with an internal tube member 164' for release of fuel from the cartridge 14.
  • the internal tube member 164' of the cartridge 14 is pressed in the direction into the cartridge 14 by a mail adapter 196 such that gas is released through the male adapter into valve system 198.
  • valve system 198 a valve member 199 closes for gas exit into adjacent chamber 195 unless press member 155 presses against valve member 199. In operation conditions, this press member 155 presses valve member 199 in the direction of the cartridge such that fuel gas is released through valve system 198 and into adjacent chamber 195.
  • a certain predetermined amount of the gas enters from adjacent chamber 195 into channel 139 and further into the venturi system 55.
  • the pressure on the valve member 199 is determined by the force of a spring 157 against a resilient rubber membrane 194 which holds the press member 155 resiliently in position. If the pressure in adjacent chamber 195 increases, the press member 155 is resiliently pushed in a direction away from the cartridge towards spring 157, by which the valve member 199 is also moved in a direction away from the cartridge 14 with the result that the flow through the valve system 198 is reduced.
  • the adjacent cham- ber 195 is emptied for gas again through channel 139, the pressure in adjacent chamber 195 decreases, and spring 157 presses press member 155 more against the valve member 199, which again increases the flow.
  • This system passively regulates the pressure in adjacent chamber 195 and works as a passive flow regulator independent of temperature and independent of the gas pressure in the cartridge.
  • the gas pressure from the gas pushes against rubber ball 44 such that it is displaced form its seat 169 for letting gas pass around it into and into nozzle 16.
  • a bimetallic plate 47 is deformed in its seat 170 due to the heat and pushes the rubber ball 44 back against the gas flow in order to reduce the gas flow such that a safe operating temperature can be assured for the apparatus 1.
  • the bimetallic disc 47 is configured to changing shape when the temperature of the heated medium reaches a predetermined temperature, for example 90 degrees centigrade.
  • the emission gas 173 will have a higher temperature than under correct operation of the burner. This higher temperature, also, leads to a deformation of the bimetallic plate 47 which results in a reduction or even shut of the gas supply, which is an additional safety measure against overheating of the apparatus.
  • the bimetallic plate thus, has a triple safety function. Further details that are illustrated in FIG. 20 are a spring calibrated pressure relief valve 156 as an overpressure safety arrangement, a heat shield 159 preferably with low thermal conductivity, and a thermo-isolating ceramic tube shield 171.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates an improved air intake and emission gas outlet system with a double tube system for heat recovery around the cartridge 14.
  • the heating apparatus 1 itself with the catalytic heater is not shown.
  • Essential for this illustration is the flow 172 of the gas from the catalytic heater 1. This gas is not exhausted at the site of the catalytic heater 1 but returned to the outer wall 162 of the cartridge 14, which is illustrated by arrows 172, 173.
  • the hot exhaust indicated by arrow 172 is led along the outer side of the wall 2 of the cartridge 14, which is illustrated by arrows 173 by which the emission gas 172 gradually looses its heat towards the bottom plate 150 of the end cap 148, where the emission gas 172 is released to atmosphere.
  • the outer wall 108 of the cartridge 14 is preferably made of a material with proper heat conduction, for example aluminium.
  • heat is transferred to the gas inside the cartridge 14, which improves the gas flow out of the tube member 164 of the cartridge 14. It also counteracts the loss of heat due to evaporation/expansion of the gas when leaving the cartridge 14.
  • the gas 172 is cooled by the heat exchange with the wall 162 before being released to atmosphere through exit openings in the end cap 148, which is illustrated by arrows 174.
  • exit openings in the end cap 148 As these openings are directed radially outwards from the end cap 148, mixing with the surrounding air is almost instantaneous, such that infrared tracing of the heater is made difficult due to a reduced and blurred signal because of the mixing with the cold surrounding air.
  • the application When used in connection with a catalytic heater, the application may extend into a heater for liquid in a water-tight flexible bag in order to heat up liquid in the bag by the heater.
  • a bag may be provided for heating water or other liquids, such as

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de chauffage catalytique comprenant un catalyseur principal (20, 50) pour la combustion catalytique sans flamme de gaz combustible et un système d'amorçage permettant de démarrer la combustion catalytique, le système d'amorçage comprenant une source d'énergie électrique connectée électriquement à une partie catalyseur métallique (104). Lorsque le courant électrique traverse la partie catalyseur métallique, celle-ci est elle-même chauffée comme un appareil de chauffage à résistance électrique jusqu'à la température nécessaire pour amorcer la combustion catalytique. L'utilisation d'un courant électrique pour le chauffage direct d'une partie catalyseur, provoque la mise en route de la réaction dès que le chauffage de la résistance atteint la température d'amorçage de la réaction catalytique. Dès que la réaction démarre, elle est transférée vers le catalyseur principal.
EP08758259A 2007-07-03 2008-07-03 Appareil de chauffage catalytique Withdrawn EP2201294A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DKPA200700979 2007-07-03
DKPA200800165 2008-02-06
PCT/DK2008/000250 WO2009003481A2 (fr) 2007-07-03 2008-07-03 Appareil de chauffage catalytique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2201294A2 true EP2201294A2 (fr) 2010-06-30

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP08758259A Withdrawn EP2201294A2 (fr) 2007-07-03 2008-07-03 Appareil de chauffage catalytique

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US (1) US20100175637A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2201294A2 (fr)
CN (1) CN101796345B (fr)
CA (1) CA2727262A1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1146107A1 (fr)
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CN101796345A (zh) 2010-08-04
WO2009003481A3 (fr) 2009-10-22
WO2009003481A2 (fr) 2009-01-08
HK1146107A1 (en) 2011-05-13
CA2727262A1 (fr) 2009-01-08
CN101796345B (zh) 2012-05-16

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