EP2199704B1 - Dispositif de chauffage électrique - Google Patents
Dispositif de chauffage électrique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2199704B1 EP2199704B1 EP20090015168 EP09015168A EP2199704B1 EP 2199704 B1 EP2199704 B1 EP 2199704B1 EP 20090015168 EP20090015168 EP 20090015168 EP 09015168 A EP09015168 A EP 09015168A EP 2199704 B1 EP2199704 B1 EP 2199704B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- openings
- heating
- heat exchanger
- heating element
- heating device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005485 electric heating Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 107
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004941 influx Effects 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H3/00—Air heaters
- F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
- F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
- F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
- F24H9/00—Details
- F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
- F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
- F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
- F24H9/1872—PTC
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
- H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
- H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
- H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
- H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electric heater with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- Such heaters are from the FR 2 323 108 A1 and the WO 2007/071335 A1 known.
- the from the EP 1 370 117 A2 known heating device has a plurality of heat exchangers, between which PTC heating elements are arranged.
- the heat exchangers are formed from extruded profiles, which have openings running in the extrusion direction, which are flowed through during operation by an air stream to be heated.
- the from the WO 2007/071335 A1 known heating device has a heat exchanger formed from an extruded profile, which is provided with openings extending transversely to the extrusion direction, so that the air flow to be heated can flow transversely to the extrusion direction through the heat exchanger.
- the object of the invention is to show a way how a fluid flow with a heater of the type mentioned can be heated more efficiently.
- the smallest possible flow resistance of the heat exchanger is desirable. Namely, the larger the flow resistance, the more expensive it is to ensure that fluid flows through the heat exchanger.
- heaters for heating an air flow which have a large flow resistance, can only be operated in combination with a powerful and therefore expensive fan. More generally, with greater flow resistance, greater pressure must be applied to allow fluid to flow through the heat exchanger.
- a smaller flow resistance can be achieved in that the openings of the heat exchanger make up a larger surface portion of the inflow side, so that the heat exchanger can be better flowed through by a fluid to be heated.
- this makes the heat transfer difficult.
- a low flow resistance can be combined with a good heat output, in that the openings of the heat exchanger make up the larger the surface portion of the upstream side the farther they are from the nearest heating element.
- a larger area fraction of the openings can be achieved, for example, by increasing the number or density of the openings or by increasing the openings. In principle, these measures can also be combined, that is, the number of openings increased in one area and there additionally larger openings are arranged.
- At least the largest openings are elongated, in particular as elongated holes.
- Elongated openings may in particular be elliptical or shaped as slots.
- a heating device has heat-emitting ribs which preferably emanate from a base plate of the heat exchanger having the openings. By flowing the fluid to be heated past heat release fins, the heat output can be improved.
- heat transfer ribs are arranged at a greater distance from each other than adjacent heat discharge ribs at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element.
- heat-emitting fins run parallel to the nearest heating element.
- the heat-emitting ribs can also be arranged differently.
- the heat exchanger preferably has heat release ribs only on a single side. But it is also possible to provide both front and back of the heat exchanger with heat-emitting ribs.
- the invention therefore relates to a heating device having at least one electric heating element and at least one heat exchanger, the heat discharge ribs and an inflowing from a fluid to be heated upstream side are in the fluid to be heated by the flow-through openings, at a greater distance from the nearest heating element adjacent Heat discharge ribs are arranged at a greater distance from each other than adjacent heat-emitting ribs at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element, and the openings between adjacent heat-emitting ribs make up the larger surface portion of the upstream side, the greater the distance between the heat-emitting ribs.
- the upstream side of the heat exchanger having different sized openings, wherein larger openings are arranged between adjacent heat discharge ribs, which have an increased distance from each other. Larger openings are then arranged at a greater distance from the nearest heating element than smaller openings. This does not mean that no small openings can be arranged far away from the heating elements. In addition to larger openings, for example in between, even small openings can be arranged far away from the heating elements. However, it is particularly preferred that the size of the openings increases with increasing distance from the nearest heating element.
- the size of the openings it is possible for the size of the openings to be greater the further the respective opening is removed from the nearest heating element; that is to say of two openings which are at different distances from the respective nearest heating element, in each case the more distant opening is larger. But it is also possible that the size of the openings increases gradually and adjacent openings are present, which are different distances far away from the respective nearest heating element and are the same size. Preferably, the largest openings have the greatest distance to the respective nearest heating element.
- the ratio of its length and its width is greater than in the smallest openings of the inflow side is.
- the largest openings may be elliptically shaped or formed as elongated holes. This is particularly advantageous if the openings are arranged between heat-emitting ribs, in particular abut with their edge on heat-emitting grating ribs.
- the heat exchanger of a heating device according to the invention may be formed, for example, as a perforated plate.
- the heat exchanger is preferably formed from an extruded profile. It is particularly preferred that the heat exchanger can be flowed through by the openings of a fluid transverse to the extrusion direction.
- This measure has the advantage that the heat exchanger can be formed integrally with a rod-shaped housing in which the heating element or elements are arranged.
- the heat exchanger may be formed from an extruded profile, from which a heating element is formed, in which one or more heating elements are arranged.
- the openings widen in each case with increasing distance from the nearest heating element.
- This can be achieved, for example, in that the openings have an approximately triangular, trapezoidal or semi-elliptical shape.
- a triangular opening which faces the nearest heating element with a tip, namely widens with increasing distance from the nearest heating element.
- the heat release ribs can all have the same height. It is also possible that at least one heat-dispensing fin is present, which has a greater height in the flow direction than an adjacent heat-dispensing fin, which is arranged at a greater distance from the nearest heating element. In this case, it is possible for the height of the heat-releasing ribs to be smaller the farther the relevant heat-dissipating fin is removed from the nearest heating element; that is to say of two heat-releasing ribs which are at different distances from the respective nearest heating element, in each case the heat-removal rib located farther away has a small height. But it is also possible that the height of the heat-emitting fins gradually decreases, so adjacent heat-emitting fins are present, which are different distances far away from the respective nearest heating element and are the same.
- the material thickness of the heat exchanger in particular the base plate, preferably decreases with increasing distance from the nearest heating element or the nearest heating element.
- the material thickness can decrease continuously or gradually between the heat release ribs. Starting from a maximum value for a heating rod, the material thickness preferably decreases by at least one third. Particularly advantageous is a decrease of 40% to 60%.
- the heat exchanger is connected to at least one heating element, in which the at least one heating element is arranged.
- the heat exchanger can be formed integrally with the heating element, for example, as an extruded profile. In this way, the heat exchanger is thus formed of an extruded profile, from which also the at least one heating element is formed.
- the heat-emitting ribs project beyond the heating rod, that is measured from the openings have a greater height. In this way, a very efficient heat dissipation can be achieved.
- a heating device is particularly efficient if the heat exchanger is flown by the fluid flow to be heated on its side having heat-emitting fins.
- a fluid flow can be heated much better than in the case of influxes of a heat release ribs on the free side of the heat exchanger.
- the influx of the heat-emitting ribs having side favors a laminar flow per se and thus a worse heat transfer is to be expected per se, shows at flow on the heat-emitting ribs having side better heat dissipation.
- the openings are punched out in the heat exchanger.
- the openings can also be produced in other ways, for example by laser beam cutting.
- the in the Figures 1 and 2 has shown a heat exchanger 1 formed by an extruded profile, the transverse to the extrusion direction extending openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e, which are traversed by a fluid to be heated.
- the extruded profile is for example made of aluminum and has a plurality of, in the illustrated embodiment 3, extending in the extrusion direction square tubes 3 and parallel to the square tubes 3 extending heat release ribs 4.
- the square tubes 3 is in each case a heating device with a plurality of plate-shaped heating elements 5 made of a PTC ceramic, for example based on barium titanate, arranged and pressed between insides of the heating element 3.
- the PTC heating elements 5 abut against a heating element inside and on a contact plate 6, which can protrude, for example, as a contact tongue, from the square tube and this is electrically isolated by an insulating layer 7, for example of alumina, 3.
- the square tubes 3 together with the heating device arranged in them thus heating rods which generate heat during operation, which is discharged to a flowing through the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e of the heat exchanger 1 fluid flow.
- the heating elements 3 and the heat exchanger 1 are integrally formed.
- the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are the larger, so have a larger opening area, the farther they are from the nearest heater 3 and thus from the nearest heating element 5 are removed.
- the heat exchanger 1 in the vicinity of the heating elements 3 has a higher mass than further away from the heating elements and can thus easily dissipate heat generated in the heating elements 3.
- the illustrated heat exchanger 1 thus combines a good flow through with an efficient dissipation and distribution of the heat generated in the heating elements 3.
- the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are arranged between the heat release ribs 4.
- the distance between adjacent heat release ribs 4 is the largest between the two adjacent heat discharge ribs 4, which have the greatest distance to the nearest heating element 5, so in the illustrated embodiment between them the largest openings 2 d, which are formed as slots in the illustrated embodiment ,
- the heat release ribs 4 limit the width of the openings.
- the heat release is particularly efficient when the fluid flow to be heated flows against the side of the heat exchanger 1, which has the heat release ribs 4.
- the PTC heating elements 5 can be different than in FIG. 1 represented, in the heating element 3 abut against the flowed side, ie on the Schustabinnenseite, which is closer to the heat exchanger 1. This means that the order of in FIG. 1 shown components 5, 6 and 7 is reversed.
- FIGS. 3 and 4 is shown a further embodiment, which differs from the embodiment described above substantially only in that the largest openings 2 d are formed elliptical.
- These openings 2d represent, by way of example, the special case that centrally located between two heating elements are two widening part openings, here semi-ellipses, which are connected to each other. Also in this embodiment, the distance between adjacent heat-emitting fins 4 increases with increasing distance from the nearest heating rod 3.
- FIG. 5 another embodiment is shown in which heat-emitting fins 4, which have a greater height in the flow direction, are arranged at a smaller distance from the nearest heating element, as heat-emitting fins 4, which have a smaller height in the flow direction.
- heat-emitting fins 4 which have a greater height in the flow direction.
- only two different heights are provided.
- the height of the heat-emitting fins 4 measured in the direction of flow to decrease with increasing distance from the heating element closest to it, that is to say the heating rod 3 closest to it.
- FIG. 6 shows that in FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment in a side view. It can be seen that in this embodiment, all the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e are circular. In this embodiment, the openings 2a-2e each extend from the heating rod 3 and a heat release rib 4 to the next heat release rib 4th
- FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment in which the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d with increasing distance from the nearest heating element, ie the respective nearest heating element 3, each expand, so at the end facing away from the nearest heater end a greater length (in Extrusion direction) than the end facing the nearest heater rod.
- the openings 2a, 2b, 2c are formed approximately trapezoidal.
- Each lying in the middle between two heating elements 3 openings 2d have approximately the shape of two connected to their base sides trapezoids.
- the size of the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d increases in the FIG. 7 shown embodiment with increasing distance from the nearest heating element to them. In each case, the ratio between length (in the extrusion direction) and width of the openings 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d increases.
- the thickness of the heat release ribs 4 in the illustrated examples is 0.8 to 1.3 mm.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
Claims (13)
- Dispositif de chauffage avec
au moins un élément chauffant électrique (5) et
au moins un échangeur de chaleur (1) comportant un côté amont à alimenter avec un fluide destiné à être chauffé, dans lequel se trouvent des ouvertures (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) à travers lesquelles passe le fluide destiné à être chauffé,
dans lequel plus les ouvertures (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) sont éloignées de l'élément chauffant (5) le plus proche, plus elles occupent une grande partie de la surface du côté amont, et
l'échangeur de chaleur (1) comporte des nervures de diffusion de chaleur (4),
caractérisé en ce que les nervures de diffusion de chaleur (4) adjacentes plus éloignées de l'élément chauffant (5) le plus proche sont agencées selon un plus grand espacement les unes par rapport aux autres que les nervures de diffusion de chaleur (4) adjacentes moins éloignées de l'élément chauffant le plus proche. - Dispositif de chauffage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le côté amont comporte des ouvertures (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) de tailles différentes, les ouvertures (2c, 2d) plus grandes étant agencées selon un espacement plus grand par rapport à l'élément chauffant (5) le plus proche que les ouvertures (2a, 2b) plus petites.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la taille des ouvertures (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) augmente avec un espacement croissant par rapport à l'élément chauffant (5) le plus proche.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon la revendication 2 ou 3, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (2d) les plus grandes présentent un plus grand rapport entre leur longueur et leur largeur que les ouvertures (2a) les plus petites du côté amont.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins quelques ouvertures (2d) sont des trous oblongs, de préférence au moins les ouvertures (2d) les plus grandes.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est formé par un profilé extrudé.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (1) peut être traversé par un fluide passant par les ouvertures (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e) transversalement à la direction d'extrusion.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les nervures de diffusion de chaleur (4) sont en contact avec les ouvertures (2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, 2e).
- Dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les ouvertures (2a-2e) s'étendent respectivement d'une nervure de diffusion de chaleur (4) à la nervure de diffusion de chaleur (4) suivante.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est relié à au moins une tige chauffante (3) dans laquelle est agencé l'au moins un élément chauffant (5).
- Dispositif de chauffage selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que l'élément chauffant (5) est un élément chauffant CTP pressé entre un côté intérieur de la tige chauffante proche de l'échangeur de chaleur et un côté intérieur éloigné de celui-ci, l'élément chauffant (5) étant en contact électrique avec la tige chauffante (3) du côté intérieur de la tige chauffante éloigné de l'échangeur de chaleur.
- Dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur de matériau de l'échangeur de chaleur (1) diminue avec l'espacement croissant par rapport à l'élément chauffant (5) le plus proche.
- Utilisation d'un dispositif de chauffage selon l'une des revendications précédentes pour le chauffage d'un fluide, caractérisée en ce que l'échangeur de chaleur (1) est alimenté avec le flux de fluide par un côté comportant des nervures de diffusion de chaleur (4).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102008064569 | 2008-12-19 | ||
DE102009013927A DE102009013927A1 (de) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-03-20 | Elektrische Heizvorrichtung |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2199704A2 EP2199704A2 (fr) | 2010-06-23 |
EP2199704A3 EP2199704A3 (fr) | 2013-11-13 |
EP2199704B1 true EP2199704B1 (fr) | 2014-08-27 |
Family
ID=41626516
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20090015168 Active EP2199704B1 (fr) | 2008-12-19 | 2009-12-08 | Dispositif de chauffage électrique |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP2199704B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102009013927A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012103562A1 (de) | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-24 | Borgwarner Beru Systems Gmbh | Elektrische Heizvorrichtung |
DE102012112837B4 (de) | 2012-12-21 | 2015-05-13 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | Fahrzeugheizung und Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Fahrzeugheizung |
CN103997802B (zh) * | 2013-02-04 | 2018-03-02 | 博格华纳贝鲁系统股份有限公司 | 加热棒 |
DE102013111811A1 (de) | 2013-10-25 | 2015-04-30 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | Heizstab |
DE102016101293A1 (de) | 2016-01-26 | 2017-07-27 | Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh | Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kontaktblechs für einen Heizstab sowie Kontaktblech und Heizstab |
EP3379153A1 (fr) * | 2017-03-22 | 2018-09-26 | Zehnder Group International AG | Panneau radiant et corps de chauffe à radiation |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2323108A1 (fr) * | 1975-09-03 | 1977-04-01 | Sepro | Corps de chauffe pour convecteur electrique de chauffage |
ITMI20021226A1 (it) | 2002-06-05 | 2003-12-05 | Cebi Spa | Riscaldatore elettrico ad elementi ptc particolarmente per impianti di aereazione dell'abitacolo di autoveicoli |
EP1963753B1 (fr) | 2005-12-20 | 2016-06-08 | BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH | Systeme de chauffage electrique, notamment pour automobiles |
-
2009
- 2009-03-20 DE DE102009013927A patent/DE102009013927A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-12-08 EP EP20090015168 patent/EP2199704B1/fr active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2199704A3 (fr) | 2013-11-13 |
EP2199704A2 (fr) | 2010-06-23 |
DE102009013927A1 (de) | 2010-06-24 |
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