EP2198729B1 - Shoe with improved bottom assembly - Google Patents
Shoe with improved bottom assembly Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2198729B1 EP2198729B1 EP09015365.1A EP09015365A EP2198729B1 EP 2198729 B1 EP2198729 B1 EP 2198729B1 EP 09015365 A EP09015365 A EP 09015365A EP 2198729 B1 EP2198729 B1 EP 2198729B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shoe
- reinforcing layer
- bridge
- layer
- comfort
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 60
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl but-3-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC=C BFMKFCLXZSUVPI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 210000002683 foot Anatomy 0.000 description 16
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 210000003789 metatarsus Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001953 sensory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241001331845 Equus asinus x caballus Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013536 elastomeric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000878 metatarsophalangeal joint Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002746 orthostatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003371 toe Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
- A43B13/12—Soles with several layers of different materials
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/02—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the material
- A43B13/10—Metal
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/141—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form with a part of the sole being flexible, e.g. permitting articulation or torsion
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A43—FOOTWEAR
- A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
- A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
- A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
- A43B13/18—Resilient soles
- A43B13/181—Resiliency achieved by the structure of the sole
Definitions
- the invention relates to a walking or sports shoe.
- Such shoes can be used in areas such as walking, running on flat terrain or in the mountains, wheeling, ball sport, or whatever.
- a shoe may include a low or high shaft.
- the shoe can also be relatively flexible or on the contrary more rigid.
- the sole of the shoe provides a certain comfort. This means in particular that the sole assembly must dampen impulses or the transit of sensory information related to walking. It also means that the sole should be light, as far as possible, to limit the inertia of the shoe and the fatigue that result.
- the outer sole includes a layer of comfort.
- the latter fulfills a role of depreciation, while giving a certain lightness to the shoe.
- a comfort layer alone does not necessarily fulfill all the expected functions of a sole. Indeed it is useful that the sole facilitates walking, storing and then restoring at least a portion of the energy provided during the course of the foot.
- the comfort layer is located between the rod and the reinforcing layer.
- the reinforcing layer may comprise rubber. This material improves the adhesion to the ground. But, also, the reinforcing layer is able to store and then restore at least a portion of the energy provided during the unwinding of the foot. Indeed, a sequence puts the reinforcing layer in tension. This is the distance between the rod and the reinforcing layer, in fact the thickness of the comfort layer, which allows the tensioning. This is all the stronger as the thickness of the comfort layer is large.
- the prior art has also proposed adding elastic elements in a region of the sole assembly.
- a strip of elastomeric material is inserted between the outsole and the comfort layer of the sole.
- the benefit of the spring effect is imperfect.
- one of the aims of the invention is to increase the spring effect, that is to say the ability to propel the shoe, provided by the sole assembly.
- Another goal is to optimize the distribution of the spring effect or stimulus, that is to say to get it especially where it is useful.
- a further object of the invention is to confer on the sole assembly a reduced weight, as well as a simplicity of structure.
- the invention proposes a shoe according to claim 1.
- the fixing of the first and second portions is understood by a securing, which prevents relative movement between the comfort layer and the portions. Fixing can be obtained for example by gluing.
- the bridge as for him is opposite the layer of comfort without being fixed there. This is why it can deform in a sense of reversible elongation. This is to say that a portion of the reinforcing layer, namely the bridge, can be reversibly tensioned when the sole flexes. Of course the flexing of the sole is linked to the unfolding of the foot.
- each bridge is able to accumulate and return energy supplied during the unwinding of the foot. Accumulation and restitution are optimized because the bridge is not attached to the comfort layer.
- the invention therefore has the advantage of increasing the spring effect of the sole assembly.
- the invention also improves the damping, the elongation of a bridge reducing the intensity of pulses or sensory information.
- the first embodiment that will be described after more specifically relates to shoes for walking or running flat or on rough ground.
- the invention applies to other fields such as those mentioned before.
- a walking shoe is provided to accommodate the foot of the user.
- the shoe 1 comprises an outer sole 2 and a rod 3 disposed on the sole.
- the shoe 1 extends in length, in a longitudinal direction L, between a rear end or heel 4 and a front end or tip 5, and in width, in a transverse direction W, between a lateral side 6 and a medial side 7 .
- the rod 3 comprises a lower portion 10, provided to surround the foot, with the exception of an upper portion.
- the stem also comprises an upper portion.
- shoe 1 is a mule. This means that the user's heel is partially exposed, because towards the rear end 4 the height of the rod is reduced.
- it can alternatively be provided a more conventional rod, for which the heel of the user is completely covered. In this case even if it remains low, the rod is raised at the heel 4.
- the shoe 1 is structured to allow a smooth running of the foot during walking, transmissions of sensory information, and impulses for support or receptions. This is why the outer sole 2 and the rod 3 are relatively flexible.
- the rod 3 comprises a lateral quarter 12 and a medial quarter 13. However, it could be provided the addition of a tongue, which would connect to each other the quarters 12, 13 to give the rod 3 continuity .
- the rod 3 is secured to the sole assembly 2, by gluing, sewing, or any other means such as interlocking.
- the outer soleing 2 comprises a first comfort layer 15 and a reinforcing layer 16, the first comfort layer 15 being located between the reinforcing layer 16 and the rod 3.
- the first reinforcing layer 16 is a walking sole. As such, it offers sufficient ground adhesion and is resistant to wear. It includes, for example, rubber, or any suitable material such as polyurethane or the like.
- the reinforcing layer 16 comprises a first portion 21 and a second portion 22 connected to each other by a bridge 23, the first 21 and second 2 portions being fixed to the comfort layer 15, the bridge 23 being in view of the comfort layer 15 and not fixed thereto, therefore freer, vis-à-vis it, in comparison with the first 21 and second 22 portions.
- the reinforcing layer 16 is fragmented.
- it comprises several pieces, namely a peripheral piece 25 and an internal piece 26.
- the peripheral piece 25 extends in the direction of its length from a first end 27 to a second end 28.
- the first end 27 is located on the medial side 7 at the level of the metatarsus, that is, that is to say, away from the tip 5.
- the second end 28 is located on the medial side 7, away from the heel 4. From the first end 27 to the second 28, the peripheral piece 25 successively borders the tip 5, the lateral side 6, and the heel 4.
- the inner piece 26 is located at the height of the metatarsus, inside the peripheral piece 25.
- the peripheral piece 25 is a band, of substantially constant width and substantially constant thickness.
- the inner piece 26, meanwhile, is a plate of substantially constant thickness.
- the thickness "e" of the reinforcing layer 16 is the same for the peripheral piece 25 and for the inner piece 26.
- This thickness "e" constant for the whole of the reinforcing layer 16 is between 0.5 and 5 mm, and preferably between 0.8 and 2 mm. This thickness can of course be variable.
- the inner piece 26 is separated from the peripheral piece 25.
- the idea is in fact to arrange each piece 25, 26 of the reinforcing layer, that is to say here of the outsole, only where it is necessary.
- the sole is suitable for walking, for example in the city.
- it is useful to protect the tip, the heel, and the lateral edge 6. It will be seen later that other provisions and other uses are possible.
- the reinforcing layer 16 is flush with the comfort layer 15. This gives the sole assembly 2 a more homogeneous structure.
- cavities 31 to 37 are formed in the first comfort layer 15.
- Each cavity is a substantially transverse groove which opens at the level of the reinforcing layer 16.
- a transverse groove is oriented according to the transverse direction W of the boot 1. Since the reinforcing layer 16 is fragmented, a cavity 31 to 37 opens either facing the reinforcing layer 16, or in the open air. It is also expected that each cavity opens transversely, at the lateral side 6 or the medial side 7.
- the cavities 31 to 37 promote bending of the sole assembly 2 during walking. It follows that the unfolding of the foot is easier.
- the arrangement of cavities 31 to 37 is as follows.
- the first cavity 31 extends transversely, near the heel 4, opening facing the peripheral piece 25 towards the lateral side 6 and towards the medial side 7, and opening in the open air in the middle of the sides 6, 7.
- the second 32, third 33 and fourth 34 cavities extend transversely, between the heel 4 and the tip 5, opening facing the peripheral piece 25 of the reinforcing layer 16 towards the lateral side 6, and opening to the free air towards the medial side 7 and the middle of the sides 6, 7.
- the fifth cavity 35 extends transversely at the level of the metatarsus, opening opposite the peripheral piece 25 towards the lateral side 6 and towards the medial side 7, opening out facing the inner piece 26, and opening into the open air between the peripheral piece and the inner piece.
- the sixth cavity 36 is disposed near the tip 5, at the lateral side 6, opening out opposite the peripheral piece 25.
- cavities 31 to 37 are oriented strictly in transverse direction of the shoe, and are parallel to each other. This makes walking slowly comfortable.
- the shoe 1 comprises in fact several bridges and several portions connected to each other by a bridge.
- the number of bridges is equal to the number of subdivisions of the reinforcing layer 16 facing a cavity 31 to 37. It is not necessary to detail all to understand the invention.
- the bridge 23 described hereinafter is that located opposite the cavity 35, near the medial side 7.
- the bridge 23 and the portions 21, 22 form an assembly which borders the medial side 7.
- the first portion 21 of the reinforcing layer 16 is attached to the comfort layer 15, that is to say, held at the latter Permanently. Fixing is obtained by any means such as gluing, vulcanization, superficial melting of material, or other.
- first portion 21 and the second portion 22 are attached to the comfort layer 15 on either side of the cavity 35.
- the bridge 23 connects the portions 21, 22 to one another and, as a result, the cavity 35 is opposite the bridge. That is to say that the cavity 35 is partly closed by the bridge 23, the bridge being in this area not fixed to the comfort layer.
- At least one cavity 31 to 37 is vis-à-vis a bridge.
- each piece 25, 26 of the reinforcing layer 16 is a single piece, the first portion 21, the second portion 22 and the bridge 23 form a continuous subdivision of the layer 16.
- the portions 21, 22 and the bridge 23 are therefore associated to optimize the ability of the sole assembly 2 to store and then restore the energy related to walking, such as Figures 4 and 5 the explicit.
- the sole 2 is in a natural situation, without bias in a direction of bending. This is the case for example when the user is in orthostatic position, or when the shoe 1 is away from the ground during walking.
- This is a reference configuration of the sole assembly 2, for which the bridge 23 is at rest.
- the thicknesses of the portions 21, 22 and the bridge 23 are the same.
- the bridge 23 accumulates energy during a bending of the sole. In this case it is a mechanical energy related to the reversible elastic deformation of the bridge 23.
- the unwinding of the foot induces a deformation of the sole assembly 2, in a direction of increase of the convexity of the reinforcing layer 16.
- the bridge 23 elongates elastically.
- the thickness of the bridge is reduced, while the thickness of the first 21 and second 22 portions remains stable.
- the cavity 35 facilitates the increase of the convexity of the reinforcing layer 16, and that it leaves the bridge 23 a great freedom of deformation.
- Each bridge behaves like an elastic means, like a spring, which restores the energy, linked to the unfolding of the foot, when the shoe leaves the ground.
- Each bridge provides driving impulses while walking.
- the bridges situated at the height of the cavities 35, 36, 37, either towards the metatarsus, or metatarsophalangeal joint, and the toes provide stimulus impulses for the shoe.
- the second embodiment is actually similar to the first one.
- a shoe 1 with its sole 2 and its rod 3, and a heel 4, a point 5, a lateral side 6 and a medial side 7.
- the sole 2 always comprises a first comfort layer 15 and a layer reinforcement 16.
- the reinforcing layer 16 comprises a single peripheral piece 25 identical or similar to that of the first form.
- the reinforcing layer 16 comprises an arch 48 in addition to the first portion 21, the second portion 22, and the bridge 23.
- the portions 21 22, the bridge 23 and the arch 48 form a continuous subdivision of the reinforcing layer 16. That is to say that the arch 48 forms with the reinforcing layer 16, or at least with a piece 25 of the layer 16 , a single piece.
- the arch 48 is disposed opposite the bridge 23, following the portion of the comfort layer 15 which delimits the cavity 35.
- the arch 48 is a lining of the comfort layer at the cavity. Without limitation, it is expected that an arch is associated with each bridge. This allows a more regular contact between the comfort layer 15 and the reinforcing layer 16, without altering the effectiveness of the bridge 23.
- the sole assembly 2 of a shoe 1 comprises a first comfort layer 15 and a reinforcing layer 16.
- the structure of the reinforcing layer 16 comprises a single piece 55 in the form of an esse.
- This piece 55, or esse extends from a first end 57 to a second end 58.
- Each of the ends 57, 58 is located at an opposite side of the shoe.
- the first end 57 is located on the lateral side 6, while the second end 58 is located on the medial side 7.
- the opposite is possible.
- the first end 57 is located at the height of the metatarsus, that is to say away from the point 5. By corollary the second end is located away from the heel 4.
- the piece 55 bordering the tip 5 from the lateral side 6 to the medial side 7 extends diagonally from the medial side 7 to the lateral side 6, then borders the heel 4 from the lateral side 6 to the medial side 7.
- the piece 55 is a band of substantially constant width, for example between 5mm and 3cm.
- this reinforcement layer structure 16 with its piece 55, is adapted to a unwinding of the foot which begins with a support on the heel of the lateral side 6, to end with a support on the tip of the medial side 7.
- This case figure concerns a large part of the long distance runners, for example.
- the fourth form is presented using the figure 9 .
- the sole 2 of the shoe 1 always comprises a first comfort layer 15 and a reinforcing layer 16.
- cavities for example three 31, 32, 33 are oriented in the transverse direction W, while other cavities, for example three 34, 35, 36, form with the transverse direction W an angle included between 5 and 30 °. So at less a cavity is a groove which forms with the transverse direction W of the shoe an angle between 5 and 30 °.
- the fifth form is presented using the figure 10 .
- the sole 2 of the shoe 1 further comprises a first comfort layer 15 and a reinforcing layer 16.
- the reinforcing layer 16 comprises a peripheral belt 75, that is to say a strip which borders the entire periphery of the sole assembly 2.
- crosspieces 76, 77 connect to each other opposite parts of the belt 75.
- two crosspieces 76, 77 extend transversely from the lateral side 6 to the side medial 7.
- the belt 75 and the cross members 76, 77 form a single piece.
- the shoe 1 provided with such a reinforcing layer 16 is versatile.
- the soleing 2 of the boot 1 comprises not only a first comfort layer 15 and a reinforcing layer 16, but also a second comfort layer 85. It is observed that the reinforcing layer 16 is located between the first 15 and second 85 layers of comfort. This further improves the comfort of the shoe 1, preserving the ability of the sole 2 to store and then restore energy.
- This embodiment namely only the sixth, is not part of the invention but represents an element of the state of the art that is useful for understanding.
- the seventh embodiment is presented using the figure 12 .
- the sole assembly 2 of the boot 1 further comprises a first comfort layer 15 and a reinforcing layer 16, which comprises an arch 48 in addition to the first portion 21, the second portion 22, and the bridge 23.
- the arch 48 takes place in a cavity of the comfort layer 15. This cavity is designated for example by the reference 35.
- the portions 21, 22, the bridge 23 and the arch 48 form a continuous subdivision of the reinforcing layer 16
- the bridge 23 is attached to the first 21 and second 22 portions, as well as to the arch. By corollary, the bridge 23 is not fixed to the comfort layer 15.
- the bridge 23 is narrow relative to the first 21 and / or the second portion.
- the width 11 of the bridge 23 is between 3 and 30% of the width 12 of the first 21 or the second 22 portion.
- the width 11 of the bridge is between 0.5 and 5mm, knowing that a value of 1 to 2mm has given good results.
- the width 12 of a portion 21, 22 is between 5 and 35mm, knowing that a value of 10 to 20 mm has given good results.
- the bridge 23 is fixed to the first portion 21, to the second portion 22, and to the arch 48. This allows it to play its role of energy accumulator while facilitating a reversible penetration of the reinforcing layer 16 in loose soil. This is why a shoe with narrow bridges makes walking on the snow or in the sand easier.
- the second comfort layer 85 has the same dimensions as the first comfort layer 15, as regards the width and length. In other words, the second comfort layer 85 extends in length from the heel 4 to the tip 5, and in width from the lateral side 6 to the medial side 7. Thus the increase in comfort is distributed over the entire sole assembly 2.
- a comfort layer 15, 85 comprises for example an ethyl-vinyl-acetate, commonly called EVA, or any equivalent material.
- a reinforcing layer 16, for its part, comprises, for example, rubber, polyurethane, or any equivalent material.
- the reinforcing layer 16 may not be flush with the first comfort layer 15.
- Any cavity 31 to 37 of the comfort layer 15, 85 may contain a plastic foam, in whole or in part. This allows aesthetic effects, and / or a modulation of the damping by the soleing 2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
- Diaphragms And Bellows (AREA)
Description
L'invention se rapporte à une chaussure de marche ou de sport.The invention relates to a walking or sports shoe.
De telles chaussures peuvent être utilisées dans des domaines tels que la marche, la course sur terrain plat ou en montagne, la planche à roues, un sport de balle, ou autre.Such shoes can be used in areas such as walking, running on flat terrain or in the mountains, wheeling, ball sport, or whatever.
Une chaussure peut comprendre une tige basse ou une tige haute. La chaussure peut aussi être relativement souple ou au contraire plus rigide. Cependant il est dans tous les cas souhaitable que le semelage de la chaussure apporte un certain confort. Cela signifie notamment que le semelage doit amortir des impulsions ou le transit d'informations sensorielles liées à la marche. Cela signifie aussi que le semelage doit être léger, autant que fait se peut, pour limiter l'inertie de la chaussure et les fatigues qui en résultent.A shoe may include a low or high shaft. The shoe can also be relatively flexible or on the contrary more rigid. However, it is in all cases desirable that the sole of the shoe provides a certain comfort. This means in particular that the sole assembly must dampen impulses or the transit of sensory information related to walking. It also means that the sole should be light, as far as possible, to limit the inertia of the shoe and the fatigue that result.
C'est pourquoi, dans bon nombre de chaussures de marche ou de sport, le semelage externe comprend une couche de confort. Cette dernière remplit un rôle d'amortissement, tout en conférant une certaine légèreté à la chaussure. Cependant une couche de confort seule ne remplit pas nécessairement toutes les fonctions attendues d'un semelage. En effet il est utile que le semelage facilite la marche, en stockant puis en restituant une partie au moins de l'énergie fournie lors du déroulement du pied.Therefore, in many walking or sports shoes, the outer sole includes a layer of comfort. The latter fulfills a role of depreciation, while giving a certain lightness to the shoe. However a comfort layer alone does not necessarily fulfill all the expected functions of a sole. Indeed it is useful that the sole facilitates walking, storing and then restoring at least a portion of the energy provided during the course of the foot.
Pour ce faire il est connu de disposer une couche de renfort dans le semelage, de façon que la couche de confort soit située entre la tige et la couche de renfort. Cette dernière, selon les semelages les plus simples, joue aussi le rôle d'une semelle de marche. Par exemple la couche de renfort peut comprendre du caoutchouc. Cette matière améliore l'adhérence au sol. Mais, aussi, la couche de renfort est à même de stocker puis restituer une partie au moins de l'énergie fournie lors du déroulement du pied. En effet, un déroulement met la couche de renfort en tension. C'est la distance entre la tige et la couche de renfort, soit en fait l'épaisseur de la couche de confort, qui permet la mise en tension. Celle-ci est d'autant plus forte que l'épaisseur de la couche de confort est grande. A la fin du mouvement de déroulement du pied, à l'instant où la chaussure quitte le sol, l'énergie créée par la tension de la couche de renfort, soit ici la semelle de marche, tend à rendre au semelage sa forme initiale. Il s'agit d'un effet de ressort fourni au semelage notamment par la semelle de marche. Cet effet propulse la chaussure dans le sens de la marche, vers l'avant. L'intérêt est une réduction de la fatigue de l'utilisateur, car celui-ci doit fournir moins d'énergie pour une foulée équivalente.To do this it is known to have a reinforcing layer in the sole assembly, so that the comfort layer is located between the rod and the reinforcing layer. The latter, according to the simplest sowing, also plays the role of a walking shoe. For example, the reinforcing layer may comprise rubber. This material improves the adhesion to the ground. But, also, the reinforcing layer is able to store and then restore at least a portion of the energy provided during the unwinding of the foot. Indeed, a sequence puts the reinforcing layer in tension. This is the distance between the rod and the reinforcing layer, in fact the thickness of the comfort layer, which allows the tensioning. This is all the stronger as the thickness of the comfort layer is large. At the end of the movement of unwinding of the foot, at the moment when the shoe leaves the ground, the energy created by the tension of the reinforcing layer, here is the outsole, tends to return to the sole shape initial. This is a spring effect provided to the sole, in particular by the outsole. This effect propels the shoe in the direction of walking forward. The interest is a reduction of the fatigue of the user, because it must provide less energy for an equivalent stride.
Le bénéfice de l'effet de ressort, s'il est réel, reste cependant imparfait : on observe par exemple une répartition inappropriée de cet effet, dans le sens où il est insuffisant à certains endroits et excessif à d'autres. De plus là où il est utile, l'effet de ressort est parfois insuffisant.The benefit of the spring effect, if it is real, remains however imperfect: one observes for example an inappropriate distribution of this effect, in the sense that it is insufficient in some places and excessive in others. Moreover where it is useful, the spring effect is sometimes insufficient.
L'art antérieur a également proposé d'ajouter des éléments élastiques dans une région du semelage. Par exemple, selon le document
Par rapport à cela l'un des buts de l'invention est d'accroître l'effet de ressort, c'est-à-dire l'aptitude à propulser la chaussure, fourni par le semelage.In relation to this, one of the aims of the invention is to increase the spring effect, that is to say the ability to propel the shoe, provided by the sole assembly.
Un autre but est d'optimiser la répartition de l'effet de ressort ou de relance, c'est-à-dire de l'obtenir surtout là où c'est utile.Another goal is to optimize the distribution of the spring effect or stimulus, that is to say to get it especially where it is useful.
Un but encore de l'invention est de conférer au semelage un poids réduit, ainsi qu'une simplicité de structure.A further object of the invention is to confer on the sole assembly a reduced weight, as well as a simplicity of structure.
Pour ce faire l'invention propose une chaussure selon la revendication 1.To do this, the invention proposes a shoe according to
La fixation des première et deuxième portions s'entend par une solidarisation, laquelle empêche un mouvement relatif entre la couche de confort et les portions. La fixation peut être obtenue par exemple par collage. Le pont quant à lui est en regard de la couche de confort sans y être fixé. C'est pourquoi il peut se déformer dans un sens d'allongement réversible. Cela revient à dire qu'une partie de la couche de renfort, à savoir le pont, peut être mis en tension de manière réversible quand le semelage fléchit. Bien entendu la flexion du semelage est liée au déroulement du pied.The fixing of the first and second portions is understood by a securing, which prevents relative movement between the comfort layer and the portions. Fixing can be obtained for example by gluing. The bridge as for him is opposite the layer of comfort without being fixed there. This is why it can deform in a sense of reversible elongation. This is to say that a portion of the reinforcing layer, namely the bridge, can be reversibly tensioned when the sole flexes. Of course the flexing of the sole is linked to the unfolding of the foot.
Il s'ensuit que chaque pont est apte à accumuler et à restituer de l'énergie fournie lors du déroulement du pied. L'accumulation et la restitution sont optimisées, parce que le pont n'est pas fixé à la couche de confort.It follows that each bridge is able to accumulate and return energy supplied during the unwinding of the foot. Accumulation and restitution are optimized because the bridge is not attached to the comfort layer.
Par rapport à l'art antérieur, l'invention présente donc l'avantage d'accroître l'effet de ressort du semelage. Par corollaire l'invention améliore aussi l'amortissement, l'allongement d'un pont réduisant l'intensité des impulsions ou des informations sensorielles.Compared to the prior art, the invention therefore has the advantage of increasing the spring effect of the sole assembly. By corollary the invention also improves the damping, the elongation of a bridge reducing the intensity of pulses or sensory information.
Parce que chaque pont peut être disposé là où c'est nécessaire, la répartition de l'effet de ressort peut être optimisée.Because each bridge can be placed where it is needed, the distribution of the spring effect can be optimized.
Des avantages encore sont la légèreté et la simplicité de structure du semelage.Advantages are the lightness and simplicity of the structure of the sole.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à l'aide de la description qui va suivre, en regard du dessin annexé illustrant, selon des formes de réalisation non limitatives, comment l'invention peut être réalisée, et dans lequel :
- la
figure 1 est une vue en perspective avant d'une chaussure, côté dessous, selon une première forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 2 est une vue latérale, par exemple côté latéral, de la chaussure de lafigure 1 , - la
figure 3 est similaire à lafigure 2 , mais concerne le côté médial, - la
figure 4 est une coupe selon IV-IV de lafigure 1 , dans un cas où le semelage de la chaussure présente une forme naturelle, - la
figure 5 est similaire à lafigure 4 , dans un cas où le semelage fléchit en corrélation avec le déroulement du pied pendant la marche, - la
figure 6 est une coupe selon VI-VI de lafigure 1 , - la
figure 7 est similaire à lafigure 1 , selon une deuxième forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 8 est similaire à lafigure 1 , selon une troisième forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 9 est similaire à lafigure 1 , selon une quatrième forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 10 est similaire à lafigure 1 , selon une cinquième forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 11 est une vue latérale d'une chaussure, selon une sixième forme de réalisation de l'invention, - la
figure 12 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une chaussure, côté dessous, selon une septième forme de réalisation de l'invention.
- the
figure 1 is a front perspective view of a shoe, underside, according to a first embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 2 is a side view, for example lateral side, of the shoe of thefigure 1 , - the
figure 3 is similar to thefigure 2 but concerns the medial side, - the
figure 4 is a section IV-IV of thefigure 1 in a case where the sole of the shoe has a natural shape, - the
figure 5 is similar to thefigure 4 , in a case where the sole flexes in correlation with the unwinding of the foot during walking, - the
figure 6 is a section according to VI-VI of thefigure 1 , - the
figure 7 is similar to thefigure 1 according to a second embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 8 is similar to thefigure 1 according to a third embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 9 is similar to thefigure 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 10 is similar to thefigure 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 11 is a side view of a shoe, according to a sixth embodiment of the invention, - the
figure 12 is a partial perspective view of a shoe, underside, according to a seventh embodiment of the invention.
La première forme de réalisation qui va être décrite après concerne plus spécialement des chaussures pour la marche ou la course à plat ou en terrain mouvementé. Cependant l'invention s'applique à d'autres domaines tels que ceux évoqués avant.The first embodiment that will be described after more specifically relates to shoes for walking or running flat or on rough ground. However, the invention applies to other fields such as those mentioned before.
La première forme est décrite ci-après à l'aide des
Comme le montre la
De manière connue, la chaussure 1 comprend un semelage externe 2 et une tige 3 disposée sur le semelage. La chaussure 1 s'étend en longueur, selon une direction longitudinale L, entre une extrémité arrière ou talon 4 et une extrémité avant ou pointe 5, et en largeur, selon une direction transversale W, entre un côté latéral 6 et un côté médial 7.In known manner, the
Telle que représentée la tige 3 comprend une portion basse 10, prévue pour entourer le pied, à l'exception d'une portion haute. Cependant, il pourrait être également prévu que la tige comprenne aussi une portion haute.As shown in the
Selon la première forme de réalisation, comme on le voit mieux sur les
La chaussure 1 est structurée pour permettre un bon déroulement du pied pendant la marche, des transmissions d'informations sensorielles, et des impulsions pour des appuis ou des réceptions. C'est pourquoi le semelage externe 2 et la tige 3 sont relativement souples.The
La tige 3 comprend un quartier latéral 12 et un quartier médial 13. Cependant, il pourrait être prévu l'adjonction d'une languette, laquelle relierait l'un à l'autre les quartiers 12, 13 pour donner à la tige 3 une continuité.The
La tige 3 est solidarisée au semelage 2, par collage, par couture, ou tout autre moyen tel qu'un emboîtement.The
Le semelage externe 2 comprend une première couche de confort 15 et une couche de renfort 16, la première couche de confort 15 étant située entre la couche de renfort 16 et la tige 3.The
Selon la première forme de réalisation, la première couche de renfort 16 est une semelle de marche. A ce titre elle offre une adhérence au sol suffisante et résiste à l'usure. Elle 16 comprend par exemple du caoutchouc, ou tout matériau approprié tel qu'un polyuréthane ou équivalent.According to the first embodiment, the first reinforcing
Selon l'invention, comme on le comprend à l'aide des
Il s'agit en fait d'autoriser le pont à s'allonger élastiquement, de manière réversible, entre les portions 21, 22. Bien sûr l'allongement a lieu quand le semelage fléchit en augmentant la convexité de la couche de renfort 16, pendant le déroulement du pied au sol. Ensuite le soulèvement du pied éloigne le semelage du sol, et le pont 23 reprend sa longueur initiale. Cela donne au semelage, et donc à la chaussure, une impulsion motrice.It is in fact to allow the bridge to extend elastically, reversibly, between the
Selon la première forme de réalisation, comme on le voit sur la
Le morceau périphérique 25 s'étend dans le sens de sa longueur depuis une première extrémité 27 jusqu'à une deuxième extrémité 28. De manière non limitative, la première extrémité 27 est située du côté médial 7 au niveau du métatarse, c'est-à-dire à l'écart de la pointe 5. La deuxième extrémité 28 quant à elle est située du coté médial 7, à l'écart du talon 4. Depuis la première extrémité 27 jusqu'à la deuxième 28, le morceau périphérique 25 borde successivement la pointe 5, le côté latéral 6, et le talon 4.The
Le morceau interne 26 est situé à hauteur du métatarse, à l'intérieur du morceau périphérique 25.The
On remarque que le morceau périphérique 25 est une bande, de largeur sensiblement constante et d'épaisseur sensiblement constante. Le morceau interne 26, quant à lui, est une plaque d'épaisseur sensiblement constante. Pour faciliter et standardiser la fabrication du semelage 2, l'épaisseur "e" de la couche de renfort 16 est la même pour le morceau périphérique 25 et pour le morceau interne 26. Cette épaisseur "e", constante pour l'intégralité de la couche de renfort 16, est comprise entre 0,5 et 5mm, et de préférence entre 0,8 et 2mm. Cette épaisseur peut bien entendu être variable.Note that the
Dans le plan de la couche de renfort 16, le morceau interne 26 est séparé du morceau périphérique 25. L'idée est en fait de disposer chaque morceau 25, 26 de la couche de renfort, c'est-à-dire ici de la semelle de marche, seulement où c'est nécessaire. Pour la première forme de réalisation le semelage est adapté à la marche, par exemple en ville. Pour cet usage il est utile de protéger la pointe, le talon, et le bord latéral 6. On verra par la suite que d'autres dispositions et d'autres usages sont possibles.In the plane of the reinforcing
Selon l'invention la couche de renfort 16 affleure la couche de confort 15. Cela donne au semelage 2 une structure plus homogène.According to the invention the reinforcing
Selon la première forme de réalisation toujours, des cavités 31 à 37 sont ménagées dans la première couche de confort 15. Chaque cavité est un sillon sensiblement transversal qui débouche au niveau de la couche de renfort 16. Bien entendu, un sillon transversal est orienté selon la direction transversale W de la chaussure 1. Etant donné que la couche de renfort 16 est fragmentée, une cavité 31 à 37 débouche soit en regard de la couche de renfort 16, soit à l'air libre. Il est également prévu que chaque cavité débouche transversalement, au niveau du côté latéral 6 ou du côté médial 7. Les cavités 31 à 37 favorisent la flexion du semelage 2 pendant la marche. Il s'ensuit que le déroulement du pied est plus facile.According to the first embodiment always,
De manière non limitative la disposition des cavités 31 à 37 se fait comme suit. La première çavité 31 s'étend transversalement, près du talon 4, en débouchant en regard du morceau périphérique 25 vers le côté latéral 6 et vers le côté médial 7, et en débouchant à l'air libre au milieu des côtés 6, 7.In a nonlimiting manner, the arrangement of
Les deuxième 32, troisième 33 et quatrième 34 cavités s'étendent transversalement, entre le talon 4 et la pointe 5, en débouchant en regard du morceau périphérique 25 de la couche de renfort 16 vers le côté latéral 6, et en débouchant à l'air libre vers le côté médial 7 ainsi qu'au milieu des côtés 6, 7.The second 32, third 33 and fourth 34 cavities extend transversely, between the
La cinquième cavité 35 s'étend transversalement au niveau du métatarse, en débouchant en regard du morceau périphérique 25 vers le côté latéral 6 et vers le côté médial 7, en débouchant en regard du morceau interne 26, et en débouchant à l'air libre entre le morceau périphérique et le morceau interne.The
La sixième cavité 36 est disposée près de la pointe 5, au niveau du côté latéral 6, en débouchant en regard du morceau périphérique 25.The
Enfin la septième cavité 37 est disposée près de la pointe 5, au niveau du côté médial 7, en débouchant en regard du morceau périphérique 25.Finally the
Ici les cavités 31 à 37 sont orientées strictement en direction transversale de la chaussure, et sont parallèles entre elles. Cela rend la marche lente confortable.Here the
Par l'agencement du semelage 2, la chaussure 1 comprend en fait plusieurs ponts et plusieurs portions reliées l'une à l'autre par un pont. Bien entendu le nombre de ponts est égal au nombre de subdivisions de la couche de renfort 16 en regard d'une cavité 31 à 37. Il n'est pas nécessaire de les détailler tous pour comprendre l'invention. A titre d'exemple le pont 23 décrit ci-après est celui situé en vis-à-vis de la cavité 35, près du côté médial 7. Comme on le comprend à l'aide des
D'une manière générale, au moins une cavité 31 à 37 est en vis-à-vis d'un pont.In general, at least one
Parce que chaque morceau 25, 26 de la couche de renfort 16 est une pièce monobloc, la première portion 21, la deuxième portion 22 et le pont 23 forment une subdivision continue de la couche 16. Les portions 21, 22 et le pont 23 sont donc associés pour optimiser l'aptitude du semelage 2 à stocker puis restituer l'énergie liée à la marche, comme les
Tout d'abord sur la
Alternativement, selon la
D'une manière plus précise il apparaît que les ponts situés à hauteur des cavités 35, 36, 37, soit vers le métatarse, ou articulation métatarsophalangienne, et les orteils, fournissent des impulsions de relance de la chaussure. Les ponts situés à hauteur des cavités 32, 33, 34, sous le cou-de-pied, donnent des impulsions qui stabilisent la chaussure 1 transversalement. Enfin les ponts situés à hauteur de la cavité 31, vers le talon, s'opposent à un écrasement excessif du semelage lors d'un appui arrière.More precisely, it appears that the bridges situated at the height of the
Les autres formes de réalisation de l'invention sont présentées ci-après à l'aide des
La deuxième forme de réalisation, visible sur la
Ce qui est spécifique à la deuxième forme, c'est la structure de la couche de renfort 16. Celle-ci comprend un morceau périphérique 25 unique, identique ou similaire à celui de la première forme. En complément en observe qu'au niveau d'une cavité telle que celle de référence 35, la couche de renfort 16 comprend une arche 48 en plus de la première portion 21, de la deuxième portion 22, et du pont 23. Les portions 21, 22, le pont 23 et l'arche 48 forment une subdivision continue de la couche de renfort 16. Cela revient à dire que l'arche 48 forme avec la couche de renfort 16, ou au moins avec un morceau 25 de la couche 16, une pièce monobloc. L'arche 48 est disposée en regard du pont 23, en suivant la partie de la couche de confort 15 qui délimite la cavité 35. L'arche 48 est donc une doublure de la couche de confort au niveau de la cavité. De manière non limitative, il est prévu qu'une arche soit associée à chaque pont. Cela permet un contact plus régulier entre la couche de confort 15 et la couche de renfort 16, sans altérer l'efficacité du pont 23.What is specific to the second form is the structure of the reinforcing
La troisième forme de réalisation est présentée à l'aide de la
Ce qui est spécifique à la troisième forme, c'est la structure de la couche de renfort 16. Celle-ci comprend un morceau unique 55 en forme de esse. Ce morceau 55, ou esse, s'étend depuis une première extrémité 57 jusqu'à une deuxième extrémité 58. Chacune des extrémités 57, 58 est située au niveau d'un côté opposé de la chaussure. D'une manière non limitative, la première extrémité 57 est située du côté latéral 6, tandis que la deuxième extrémité 58 est située du côté médial 7. Bien entendu, l'inverse est possible.What is specific to the third form is the structure of the reinforcing
La première extrémité 57 est située à hauteur du métatarse, c'est-à-dire à l'écart de la pointe 5. Par corollaire la deuxième extrémité est située à l'écart du talon 4. Pour former le esse, le morceau 55 borde la pointe 5 depuis le côté latéral 6 jusqu'au côté médial 7, s'étend en diagonale depuis le côté médial 7 jusqu'au côté latéral 6, puis borde le talon 4 depuis le côté latéral 6 jusqu'au côté médial 7.The
Le morceau 55 est une bande de largeur sensiblement constante, comprise par exemple entre 5mm et 3cm. Au final cette structure de couche de renfort 16, avec son morceau 55, est adaptée à un déroulement du pied qui commence par un appui sur le talon du côté latéral 6, pour finir par un appui sur la pointe du côté médial 7. Ce cas de figure concerne une grande partie des coureurs de fond, par exemple.The
La quatrième forme est présentée à l'aide de la
Ce qui est spécifique à la quatrième forme, c'est à nouveau la structure de la couche de renfort 16. Celle-ci comprend un morceau unique 65 allongé et incurvé. Ce morceau 65 s'étend depuis le talon 4 jusqu'à la pointe 5. Il 65 est centré entre les côtés 6, 7 vers le talon 4, pour se rapprocher du côté médial 7 vers la pointe 5. Cette architecture convient bien à un déroulement à plat du pied, et donc du semelage 2.What is specific to the fourth form is again the structure of the reinforcing
En complément, on remarque que quelques cavités, par exemple trois 31, 32, 33 sont orientées selon la direction transversale W, tandis que d'autres cavités, par exemple trois 34, 35, 36, forment avec la direction transversale W un angle compris entre 5 et 30°. Ainsi au moins une cavité est un sillon qui forme avec la direction transversale W de la chaussure un angle compris entre 5 et 30°.In addition, it is noted that some cavities, for example three 31, 32, 33 are oriented in the transverse direction W, while other cavities, for example three 34, 35, 36, form with the transverse direction W an angle included between 5 and 30 °. So at less a cavity is a groove which forms with the transverse direction W of the shoe an angle between 5 and 30 °.
La cinquième forme est présentée à l'aide de la
Ce qui est spécifique à la cinquième forme, c'est encore la structure de la couche de renfort 16. Celle-ci comprend une ceinture périphérique 75, c'est-à-dire une bande qui borde la totalité du pourtour du semelage 2. En plus, de manière non obligatoire, des traverses 76, 77 relient l'une à l'autre des parties opposées de la ceinture 75. Par exemple, deux traverses 76, 77 s'étendent transversalement depuis le côté latéral 6 jusqu'au côté médial 7. En l'occurrence, la ceinture 75 et les traverses 76, 77 forment une pièce monobloc. La chaussure 1 munie d'une telle couche de renfort 16 est polyvalente.What is specific to the fifth form is still the structure of the reinforcing
La sixième forme est présentée à l'aide de la
La septième forme de réalisation est présentée à l'aide de la
Ce qui est spécifique à la septième forme, c'est que le pont 23 est étroit par rapport à la première 21 et/ou à la deuxième 22 portion. Ici la largeur 11 du pont 23 est comprise entre 3 et 30% de la largeur 12 de la première 21 ou de la deuxième 22 portion. Par exemple, la largeur 11 du pont est comprise entre 0,5 et 5mm, sachant qu'une valeur de 1 à 2mm a donné de bons résultats. La largeur 12 d'une portion 21, 22 est comprise entre 5 et 35mm, sachant qu'une valeur de 10 à 20 mm a donné de bons résultats.What is specific to the seventh form is that the
On observe que, selon la septième forme de réalisation, le pont 23 est fixé à la première portion 21, à la deuxième portion 22, ainsi qu'à l'arche 48. Cela lui permet de jouer son rôle d'accumulateur d'énergie, tout en facilitant une pénétration réversible de la couche de renfort 16 dans un sol meuble. C'est pourquoi une chaussure munie de ponts étroits facilite la marche sur la neige, ou dans le sable.It is observed that, according to the seventh embodiment, the
De manière non limitative, la deuxième couche de confort 85 présente les mêmes dimensions que la première couche de confort 15, en ce qui concerne la largeur et la longueur. En d'autres termes la deuxième couche de confort 85 s'étend en longueur depuis le talon 4 jusqu'à la pointe 5, et en largeur depuis le côté latéral 6 jusqu'au côté médial 7. Ainsi l'accroissement du confort est réparti sur l'ensemble du semelage 2.Without limitation, the
Dans tous les cas l'invention est réalisée à partir de matériaux et selon des techniques de mise en oeuvre connus de l'homme du métier.In all cases the invention is made from materials and according to processing techniques known to those skilled in the art.
Notamment une couche de confort 15, 85 comprend par exemple un éthyle-vinyle-acétate, appelé couramment EVA, ou tout matériau équivalent. Une couche de renfort 16, quant à elle, comprend par exemple du caoutchouc, du polyuréthane, ou tout matériau équivalent.In particular, a
Bien entendu l'invention n'est pas limitée aux formes de réalisation ci-avant décrites, et comprend tous les équivalents techniques pouvant entrer dans la portée des revendications qui vont suivre.Naturally, the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and includes all technical equivalents that fall within the scope of the claims that follow.
En particulier, dans les cas où elle est destinée à contacter le sol, la couche de renfort 16 peut ne pas affleurer la première couche de confort 15.In particular, in cases where it is intended to contact the ground, the reinforcing
Toute cavité 31 à 37 de la couche de confort 15, 85 peut contenir une mousse de matière synthétique, en totalité ou en partie. Cela permet des effets esthétiques, et/ou une modulation de l'amortissement par le semelage 2.Any
Claims (15)
- Shoe (1) which comprises an external bottom assembly (2) and an upper (3), the bottom assembly (2) comprising a comfort layer (15) and a reinforcing layer (16), the first comfort layer (15) being situated between the reinforcing layer (16) and the upper (3),
the reinforcing layer (16) comprising a first portion (21) and a second portion (22) that are joined together by a bridge (23), the first (21) and second (22) portions being secured to the comfort layer (15), the bridge (23) being adjacent to the comfort layer (15) and not secured to the latter (15), the first reinforcing layer (16) being an outsole, each bridge behaving like an elastic means, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) is flush with the comfort layer (15). - Shoe (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) comprises a peripheral part (25) and an internal part (26).
- Shoe (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) comprises a single peripheral part (25).
- Shoe (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) comprises a single, S-shaped part (55).
- Shoe (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) comprises a single, elongate and curved part (65).
- Shoe (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) comprises a peripheral belt (75) .
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises several bridges (23) and several portions (21, 22) joined together by a bridge.
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the first portion (21), the second portion (22) and the bridge (23) form a continuous subdivision of the reinforcing layer (16).
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the bridge (23) is narrow compared with the first (21) and/or to the second (22) portion.
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that cavities (31 to 37) have been made in the first comfort layer (15), at least one cavity (31 to 37) being next to a bridge (23).
- Shoe (1) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the reinforcing layer (16) comprises an arch (48) in addition to the first portion (21), the second portion (22) and the bridge (23), the arch (48) being located adjacent to the bridge (23).
- Shoe (1) according to Claim 10 or 11, characterized in that a cavity (31 to 37) contains a synthetic foam.
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that each cavity (31 to 37) is a substantially transverse groove which is recessed into the reinforcing layer (16).
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that at least one cavity (34, 35, 36) is a groove which forms an angle of between 5 and 30° with the transverse direction (W) of the shoe.
- Shoe (1) according to one of Claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the first comfort layer (15) comprises an ethyl vinyl acetate.
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RU2041677C1 (en) * | 1993-03-02 | 1995-08-20 | Николай Иванович Максимов | Sports shoes |
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DE10234913B4 (en) * | 2002-07-31 | 2005-11-10 | Adidas International Marketing B.V. | sole |
WO2005037002A1 (en) * | 2003-10-17 | 2005-04-28 | Asics Corporation | Sole with reinforcement structure |
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- 2009-12-22 CN CN200910262250.1A patent/CN101828793B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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US20100154257A1 (en) | 2010-06-24 |
CN101828793B (en) | 2015-10-14 |
RU2009147517A (en) | 2011-06-27 |
US8578629B2 (en) | 2013-11-12 |
FR2940019A1 (en) | 2010-06-25 |
EP2198729A1 (en) | 2010-06-23 |
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