EP2198450B1 - Discharge lamp - Google Patents

Discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2198450B1
EP2198450B1 EP07821075.4A EP07821075A EP2198450B1 EP 2198450 B1 EP2198450 B1 EP 2198450B1 EP 07821075 A EP07821075 A EP 07821075A EP 2198450 B1 EP2198450 B1 EP 2198450B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
anode
discharge vessel
discharge
discharge lamp
lamp according
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EP07821075.4A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2198450A1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Löffler
Dirk Rosenthal
Swen-Uwe Baacke
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Osram GmbH
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Osram GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/16—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principle constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
    • H01J61/86—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure with discharge additionally constricted by close spacing of electrodes, e.g. for optical projection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Discharge lamps in particular XBO® high-pressure discharge lamps, have an ellipsoidal lamp bulb which encloses an anode and a cathode.
  • the useful life of such discharge lamps is determined, inter alia, by the blackening of the lamp bulb during operation, which leads to a considerable loss of usable light.
  • the blackening has different causes. One of them is the evaporation of anode material due to the high temperatures in the operation of the high pressure discharge lamp, which is deposited on the inner surface of the lamp envelope.
  • Another cause of the blackening are contaminants of the gas filling in the lamp envelope, for example atmospheric residues, such as oxygen and moisture, which can only be removed in the production of the high-pressure discharge lamp with great expenditure of time and money.
  • the document US 2003/151364 A1 discloses a discharge lamp having a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel enclosing an anode and a cathode.
  • Anode and cathode are each fixed by current-carrying, rod-shaped electrode holders, which are guided in diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel KolbenSften.
  • a holding cylinder is arranged, through which the respective rod-shaped electrode holder passes and is thereby held by the holding cylinder.
  • the holding cylinders In order to prevent slippage of the holding cylinders in the respective piston shaft, the holding cylinders each have at least one area of reduced diameter; as well as the piston shafts in their holding cylinder enveloping areas. This is to transport damage due to excessive forces on the sealing areas, in which the rod-shaped electrode holders are passed through the piston shafts gas-tight, can be avoided.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure discharge lamp which has a long service life at substantially constant light intensity.
  • the discharge lamp according to the invention has a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel, which encloses an anode and a cathode, which are fixed in each case by current-carrying electrode holders, wherein these are passed in diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel piston shafts, wherein at the transition from the discharge vessel to the KolbenSften constrictions around the electrode holders
  • the discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are designed such that a blackening of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region is reduced or avoided, which form a connecting channel between the discharge space enclosed by the discharge vessel and the piston skirt spaces enclosed by the piston shafts is.
  • the discharge vessel essentially has a cylindrical cooling section between a side of the anode facing away from the cathode and a constriction. This has the advantage that, for example vaporized anode material can accumulate in this area and thus the discharge vessel blackens outside of the optically usable range.
  • the cylindrical cooling section has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical anode.
  • the cylindrical cooling section may have a length that corresponds to substantially half the length of the anode. As a result, a sufficiently large cooling section for depositing, for example, the vaporized anode material is made possible.
  • the anode is coated with a radiation enhancing coating, preferably a tungsten paste.
  • a radiation enhancing coating preferably a tungsten paste.
  • connection channels can be designed such that they ensure the relative position of the electrode holders with minimal pumping resistance in the manufacturing process, whereby a simpler and more cost-effective pumping of atmospheric residues is made possible.
  • connection channel The diameter and / or the length of the connection channel can be minimized in order to advantageously achieve the lowest pumping resistance.
  • transition region between the constrictions and the piston stems and in the transition region between the constrictions and the discharge vessel can be formed with respect to the electrode holders inclined walls.
  • the discharge vessel has a cylindrical section approximately between a side of the cathode facing away from the anode and the constriction, whereby a mechanically stable transition from the discharge vessel to the constriction can be implemented.
  • a pump tube is preferably formed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a discharge lamp according to one embodiment.
  • the figure shows a schematic representation of a two-sided socketed XBO® high-pressure discharge lamp. 1 in short sheet technology.
  • This has a discharge vessel 4 made of quartz glass with a discharge space 6 and two diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel 4, sealed Kolben2020ften 8, 10, the free end portions each with a base sleeve, which is not shown, can be provided.
  • a gas discharge In the discharge space 6 protrude two in the piston stems 8, 10 extending electrodes 14, 16, between which occurs during lamp operation, a gas discharge.
  • an ionizable filling is included, which consists essentially of high purity xenon.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 are in the illustrated embodiment in each case as a two-part electrode system with a current-supplying, rod-shaped electrode holder 18, 20 and one, soldered to this discharge-side head electrode 22 (anode) and head electrode 24 (cathode).
  • the right electrode head 24 is designed to generate high temperatures as a conical cathode 24 and cathode, respectively, to ensure a defined arc approach and a sufficient electron flow due to thermal emission and field emission (Richardson equation).
  • the electrode head 22 is designed as a thermally highly loaded, barrel-shaped head anode 22 and anode, in which the radiation power is improved by a sufficient dimensioning of the electrode size.
  • the surface of the head anode 22 is coated with a coating 25, preferably with a tungsten paste, whereby the head anode 22 has a higher emission coefficient of 0.55 and thereby one approximately 40% higher emission compared to the prior art, where the emission coefficient is 0.4.
  • the rod-shaped electrode holders 18, 20 each have two bearing points. One bearing point is in each case one at the ends of the piston shafts 8, 10 formed current feedthrough system 26, 28 and the other bearing point is in the transition region between the discharge vessel 4 and the Kolben2020ften 8, 10 arranged constriction 30, 32.
  • the current feedthrough systems 26, 28 store the electrode holders 18, 20 each in the radial and axial directions and are sealed airtight to the environment, so that no air from the outside can penetrate into the piston skirt spaces 34, 36 enclosed by the piston shafts 8, 10. These are connected to the discharge space 6 of the discharge vessel 4 via connecting channels 38, 40 which are delimited by a cylindrical inner wall 42, 44 of the constrictions 30, 32 and the electrode holders 18, 20.
  • connection channels 38, 40 measured from the inner walls 42, 44 to the surfaces of the electrode holders 18, 20 is on average about 0.4 to 0.5 mm and is substantially higher than in the prior art where this height corresponds to 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
  • the axial length of the connection channels 38, 40 is approximately 1.5 times the cross section of the electrode holders 18, 20.
  • the constrictions 30, 32 have the same wall thickness as the piston shafts 8, 10 and are limited by inclined walls 46 in the transition region to the discharge vessel 4 and the piston shafts 8, 10.
  • the axial length of the constrictions 30, 32 is minimized and the radial height of the connecting channels 38, 40 maximized, so that these dimensions are just sufficient for securing the radial position of the electrode holders 18, 20.
  • the discharge vessel 4 has approximately between the side facing away from the cathode head 24 shadow side 48 of the head anode 22 and in the figure right wall 46 of the left constriction 30 has a substantially cylindrical cooling portion 50, whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the head anode 22 and its axial length corresponds to about half the axial length of the head anode 22.
  • a pumping channel 52 Radially on the outer circumference of the cooling section 50, a pumping channel 52 is arranged in the figure, which is used in the manufacturing process of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 described below and can be removed after manufacture.
  • Another cylindrical portion 54 is formed at the opposite end to the cooling portion 50 of the discharge vessel 4, which has a substantially shorter axial length.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 has an optical useful region 55, which is characterized by four dashed-dotted lines, wherein in operation the light is radiated essentially over this useful region 55.
  • the use of a high-pressure discharge lamp after a certain period of operation produces a blackening on the inner wall of the discharge vessel, which becomes stronger and darker with increasing operating time.
  • This blackening is in an optical useful range and thus reduces the usable light of the high-pressure discharge lamp until it can no longer be used is.
  • One cause of the blackening are the high temperatures of the anode during lamp operation, which lead to evaporation of the anode material, which then deposits on the inner wall of the discharge vessel.
  • Another cause are contamination of the filling of the discharge vessel with, for example, oxygen and moisture, which also deposit in the form of a blackening.
  • a blackening 56 in contrast to the prior art, advantageously lies outside the optical useful region 55, essentially on the piston inner surface 58 of the discharge vessel 4 in the region of the cooling section 50, in the transitional region between the cooling section 50 and the remaining discharge vessel 4, and on the wall 46 between the cooling section 50 and the constriction 30, which is illustrated by a black coloring of the discharge vessel 4 in the figure.
  • the blackening 56 is much lower compared to the prior art with the same operating time. The reasons for this are explained below.
  • gas still present in the discharge vessel 4 for example air
  • gas still present in the discharge vessel 4 is pumped as far as possible via the pumping channel 52 out of the discharge space 6 and via the connecting channels 38, 40 from the piston skirting spaces 34, 36.
  • the discharge vessel 4 is filled with an ionizable filling and sealed airtight.
  • the connecting channels 38, 40 in this case afford the largest pumping resistance in the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 due to their dimensioning.
  • the connecting channels 38, 40 are dimensioned in such a way that they are one maximum height at minimum axial length in order to minimize the pumping resistance, while still sufficient radial support of the electrode holder 18, 20 is ensured.

Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Entladungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Entladungslampen, insbesondere XBO®-Hochdruckentladungs-lampen, weisen einen ellipsoidförmigen Lampenkolben auf, der eine Anode und eine Kathode umschließt. Die Nutzungsdauer derartiger Entladungslampen wird unter anderem durch die sich im Betrieb einstellende Schwärzung des Lampenkolbens bestimmt, die zu einem erheblichen Verlust an nutzbarem Licht führt. Die Schwärzung hat unterschiedliche Ursachen. Eine davon ist das Verdampfen von Anodenmaterial aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen im Betrieb der Hochdruckentladungslampe, wobei dieses auf der Innenoberfläche des Lampenkolbens angelagert wird. Eine weitere Ursache der Schwärzung sind Verunreinigungen der Gasfüllung im Lampenkolben, beispielsweise Atmosphärenreste, wie Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, die bei der Herstellung der Hochdruckentladungslampe nur mit hohen Zeit- und Kostenaufwand entfernt werden können.Discharge lamps, in particular XBO® high-pressure discharge lamps, have an ellipsoidal lamp bulb which encloses an anode and a cathode. The useful life of such discharge lamps is determined, inter alia, by the blackening of the lamp bulb during operation, which leads to a considerable loss of usable light. The blackening has different causes. One of them is the evaporation of anode material due to the high temperatures in the operation of the high pressure discharge lamp, which is deposited on the inner surface of the lamp envelope. Another cause of the blackening are contaminants of the gas filling in the lamp envelope, for example atmospheric residues, such as oxygen and moisture, which can only be removed in the production of the high-pressure discharge lamp with great expenditure of time and money.

Um die Schwärzung zu minimieren gibt es bisher unterschiedliche Ansätze. Beispielsweise werden größere Lampenkolben verwendet, wodurch sich Ablagerungen auf eine größere Fläche verteilen können, wobei die Schwärzung jedoch in abgeschwächter Form weiterhin auftritt. Ein weiterer Lösungsansatz ist es, großvolumige Anoden einzusetzen, um die Anodentemperatur im Betrieb durch eine große Abstrahlungsfläche zu senken und somit das Verdampfen von Anodenmaterial zu verringern.In order to minimize the blackening there are so far different approaches. For example, larger lamp envelopes are used, which can spread deposits over a larger area, but the blackening still occurs in a weakened form. Another approach is to use large-volume anodes to reduce the anode temperature during operation by a large Lower radiating surface and thus to reduce the evaporation of anode material.

Das Dokument US 2003/151364 A1 offenbart eine Entladungslampe mit einem im Wesentlichen ellipsoidförmigen Entladungsgefäß, das eine Anode und eine Kathode umschließt. Anode und Kathode sind jeweils durch stromführende, stabförmige Elektrodenhalterungen fixiert, die in diametral am Entladungsgefäß angeordneten Kolbenschäften hindurchgeführt sind. In den Kolbenschäften ist jeweils ein Haltezylinder angeordnet, durch den die jeweilige stabförmige Elektrodenhalterung hindurch geht und dabei vom Haltezylinder gehalten wird. Um ein Verrutschen der Haltezylinder im jeweiligen Kolbenschaft zu verhindern, weisen die Haltezylinder jeweils mindestens einen Bereich mit verringertem Durchmesser auf; ebenso die Kolbenschäfte in deren die Haltezylinder umhüllenden Bereichen. Dadurch sollen Transportschäden durch zu hohe Kräfte auf die Dichtungsbereiche, in denen die stabförmigen Elektrodenhalterungen durch die Kolbenschäfte gasdicht hindurchgeführt sind, vermieden werden.The document US 2003/151364 A1 discloses a discharge lamp having a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel enclosing an anode and a cathode. Anode and cathode are each fixed by current-carrying, rod-shaped electrode holders, which are guided in diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel Kolbenschäften. In each of the piston stems a holding cylinder is arranged, through which the respective rod-shaped electrode holder passes and is thereby held by the holding cylinder. In order to prevent slippage of the holding cylinders in the respective piston shaft, the holding cylinders each have at least one area of reduced diameter; as well as the piston shafts in their holding cylinder enveloping areas. This is to transport damage due to excessive forces on the sealing areas, in which the rod-shaped electrode holders are passed through the piston shafts gas-tight, can be avoided.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Hochdruckentladungslampe zu schaffen, die eine lange Nutzungsdauer bei im Wesentlichen gleichbleibender Lichtstärke aufweist.The object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure discharge lamp which has a long service life at substantially constant light intensity.

Diese Aufgabe durch eine Entladungslampe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a discharge lamp having the features of patent claim 1.

Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Particularly advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

Die erfindungsgemäße Entladungslampe hat ein im Wesentlichen ellipsoidförmigen Entladungsgefäß, das eine Anode und eine Kathode umschließt, die jeweils durch stromführende Elektrodenhalterungen fixiert sind, wobei diese in diametral am Entladungsgefäß angeordnete Kolbenschäfte hindurchgeführt sind, wobei am Übergang von dem Entladungsgefäß zu den Kolbenschäften Einschnürungen um die Elektrodenhalterungen vorgesehen sind, die einen Verbindungskanal zwischen den von dem Entladungsgefäß umschlossenen Entladungsraum und jeweils dem von den Kolbenschäften umschlossenen Kolbenschafträumen ausbilden, wobei das Entladungsgefäß, die Einschnürungen und/oder die Anodenbeschichtung derart ausgebildet sind, dass eine Schwärzung des Entladungsgefäßes im lichtabstrahlenden Bereich verringert bzw. vermieden ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass durch jede einzelne dieser Maßnahmen die Nutzungsdauer einer Entladungslampe im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erheblich erhöht ist, bei in etwa gleichbleibenden Herstellungskosten.The discharge lamp according to the invention has a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel, which encloses an anode and a cathode, which are fixed in each case by current-carrying electrode holders, wherein these are passed in diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel piston shafts, wherein at the transition from the discharge vessel to the Kolbenschäften constrictions around the electrode holders The discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are designed such that a blackening of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region is reduced or avoided, which form a connecting channel between the discharge space enclosed by the discharge vessel and the piston skirt spaces enclosed by the piston shafts is. This has the advantage that each of these measures the useful life of a discharge lamp compared to the prior art is considerably increased, with approximately constant production costs.

Außerdem weist das Entladungsgefäß im Wesentlichen zwischen einer von der Kathode abgewandten Seite der Anode und einer Einschnürung, einen zylinderförmigen Kühlabschnitt auf. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass sich beispielsweise verdampftes Anodenmaterial in diesem Bereich ansammeln kann und sich das Entladungsgefäß somit außerhalb des optisch nutzbaren Bereichs schwärzt.In addition, the discharge vessel essentially has a cylindrical cooling section between a side of the anode facing away from the cathode and a constriction. This has the advantage that, for example vaporized anode material can accumulate in this area and thus the discharge vessel blackens outside of the optically usable range.

Schließlich weist der zylinderförmige Kühlabschnitt einen Durchmesser auf, der größer als der Durchmesser der zylinderförmigen Anode ist. Der zylinderförmige Kühlabschnitt kann eine Länge aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen der halben Länge der Anode entspricht. Dadurch wird ein ausreichend großer Kühlabschnitt zur Ablagerung beispielsweise des verdampften Anodenmaterials ermöglicht.Finally, the cylindrical cooling section has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical anode. The cylindrical cooling section may have a length that corresponds to substantially half the length of the anode. As a result, a sufficiently large cooling section for depositing, for example, the vaporized anode material is made possible.

Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Anode mit einer die Abstrahlung verbessernden Beschichtung, vorzugsweise mit einer Wolframpaste, beschichtet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Abstrahlung der Entladungslampe erhöht wird und die Anode eine geringere Temperatur aufweist und somit weniger Anodenmaterial verdampfen kann.In a preferred embodiment, the anode is coated with a radiation enhancing coating, preferably a tungsten paste. This has the advantage that the emission of the discharge lamp is increased and the anode has a lower temperature and thus can evaporate less anode material.

Die Verbindungskanäle können derart ausgeführt sein, das diese die Relativlage der Elektrodenhalterungen bei minimalem Pumpwiderstand im Herstellungsverfahren sicherstellen, wodurch ein einfacheres und kostengünstigeres Abpumpen von Atmosphärenresten ermöglicht wird.The connection channels can be designed such that they ensure the relative position of the electrode holders with minimal pumping resistance in the manufacturing process, whereby a simpler and more cost-effective pumping of atmospheric residues is made possible.

Der Durchmesser und/oder die Länge des Verbindungskanals kann minimiert sein, um vorteilhafterweise den geringsten Pumpwiderstand zu erreichen.The diameter and / or the length of the connection channel can be minimized in order to advantageously achieve the lowest pumping resistance.

Im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Einschnürungen und den Kolbenschäften und im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Einschnürungen und dem Entladungsgefäß können in Bezug auf die Elektrodenhalterungen schräg angestellte Wandungen ausgebildet sein.In the transition region between the constrictions and the piston stems and in the transition region between the constrictions and the discharge vessel can be formed with respect to the electrode holders inclined walls.

Das Entladungsgefäß hat beispielsweise in etwa zwischen einer von der Anode abgewandten Seite der Kathode und der Einschnürung, einen zylinderförmigen Abschnitt, wodurch ein mechanisch stabiler Übergang vom Entladungsgefäß zur Einschnürung umgesetzt werden kann.For example, the discharge vessel has a cylindrical section approximately between a side of the cathode facing away from the anode and the constriction, whereby a mechanically stable transition from the discharge vessel to the constriction can be implemented.

Am Kühlabschnitt ist vorzugsweise ein Pumprohr ausgebildet.At the cooling section, a pump tube is preferably formed.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. Die Figur zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Entladungslampe gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. The figure shows a longitudinal section through a discharge lamp according to one embodiment.

Bevorzugte Ausführung der ErfindungPreferred embodiment of the invention

Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer XBO®-Hochdruckentladungslampe erläutert, die beispielsweise in Projektionssystemen und Scheinwerfern Verwendung findet.The invention is explained below with reference to an XBO® high-pressure discharge lamp, which is used for example in projection systems and headlamps.

Die Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiseitig gesockelten XBO®- Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 in Kurzbogentechnik. Diese besitzt ein Entladungsgefäß 4 aus Quarzglas mit einem Entladungsraum 6 und zwei diametral am Entladungsgefäß 4 angeordneten, abgedichteten Kolbenschäften 8, 10, deren freie Endabschnitte jeweils mit einer Sockelhülse, die nicht dargestellt ist, versehen werden können. In den Entladungsraum 6 ragen zwei in den Kolbenschäften 8, 10 verlaufende Elektroden 14, 16, zwischen denen während des Lampenbetriebs eine Gasentladung auftritt. In dem Entladungsraum 6 des Entladungsgefäßes 4 ist eine ionisierbare Füllung eingeschlossen, die im Wesentlichen aus hochreinem Xenon besteht. Die Elektroden 14, 16 sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils als zweiteiliges Elektrodensystem mit einer stromzuführenden, stabförmigen Elektrodenhalterung 18, 20 und einer, mit dieser verlöteten, entladungsseitigen Kopfelektrode 22 (Anode) bzw. Kopfelektrode 24 (Kathode) ausgeführt. Gemäß der Figur ist der rechte Elektrodenkopf 24 zur Erzeugung hoher Temperaturen als kegelförmige Kopfkathode 24 bzw. Kathode ausgeführt, um einen definierten Bogenansatz und einen ausreichenden Elektronenfluss aufgrund von thermischer Emission und Feldemission (Richardson-Gleichung) zu gewährleisten.The figure shows a schematic representation of a two-sided socketed XBO® high-pressure discharge lamp. 1 in short sheet technology. This has a discharge vessel 4 made of quartz glass with a discharge space 6 and two diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel 4, sealed Kolbenschäften 8, 10, the free end portions each with a base sleeve, which is not shown, can be provided. In the discharge space 6 protrude two in the piston stems 8, 10 extending electrodes 14, 16, between which occurs during lamp operation, a gas discharge. In the discharge space 6 of the discharge vessel 4 an ionizable filling is included, which consists essentially of high purity xenon. The electrodes 14, 16 are in the illustrated embodiment in each case as a two-part electrode system with a current-supplying, rod-shaped electrode holder 18, 20 and one, soldered to this discharge-side head electrode 22 (anode) and head electrode 24 (cathode). According to the figure, the right electrode head 24 is designed to generate high temperatures as a conical cathode 24 and cathode, respectively, to ensure a defined arc approach and a sufficient electron flow due to thermal emission and field emission (Richardson equation).

Der in der Figur linke Elektrodenkopf 22 ist als thermisch hoch belastete, tonnenförmige Kopfanode 22 bzw. Anode ausgeführt, bei der die Abstrahlleistung durch eine ausreichende Dimensionierung der Elektrodengröße verbessert ist. Um die Abstrahlleistung noch weiter zu steigern, ist die Oberfläche der Kopfanode 22 mit einer Beschichtung 25, vorzugsweise mit einer Wolframpaste, beschichtet, wodurch die Kopfanode 22 einen höheren Emissionskoeffizienten von 0,55 und hierdurch eine in etwa um 40% höhere Abstrahlung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik aufweist, wo der Emissionskoeffizient 0,4 beträgt.The left in the figure, the electrode head 22 is designed as a thermally highly loaded, barrel-shaped head anode 22 and anode, in which the radiation power is improved by a sufficient dimensioning of the electrode size. In order to further increase the radiation power, the surface of the head anode 22 is coated with a coating 25, preferably with a tungsten paste, whereby the head anode 22 has a higher emission coefficient of 0.55 and thereby one approximately 40% higher emission compared to the prior art, where the emission coefficient is 0.4.

Die stabförmigen Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 haben jeweils zwei Lagerpunkte. Ein Lagerpunkt ist dabei jeweils ein an den Enden der Kolbenschäfte 8, 10 ausgebildetes Stromdurchführungssystem 26, 28 und der andere Lagerpunkt ist jeweils eine im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Entladungsgefäß 4 und den Kolbenschäften 8, 10 angeordnete Einschnürung 30, 32. Die Stromdurchführungssysteme 26, 28 lagern die Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 jeweils in radialer und axialer Richtung und sind luftdicht gegenüber der Umgebung abgedichtet, so dass keine Luft von außen in den von den Kolbenschäfte 8, 10 umschlossenen Kolbenschafträumen 34, 36 eindringen kann. Diese sind mit den Entladungsraum 6 des Entladungsgefäßes 4 über Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 verbunden, die von einer zylinderförmigen Innenwandung 42, 44 der Einschnürungen 30, 32 und den Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 begrenzt sind. Die radiale Höhe der Verbindungskanäle 38, 40, die von den Innenwandungen 42, 44 bis zu den Oberflächen der Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 gemessen ist, beträgt im Durchschnitt ca. 0,4 bis 0,5 mm und ist wesentlich höher als im Stand der Technik, wo diese Höhe 0,1 bis 0,2 mm entspricht. Die axiale Länge der Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 beträgt etwa das 1,5-fache des Querschnitts der Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20.The rod-shaped electrode holders 18, 20 each have two bearing points. One bearing point is in each case one at the ends of the piston shafts 8, 10 formed current feedthrough system 26, 28 and the other bearing point is in the transition region between the discharge vessel 4 and the Kolbenschäften 8, 10 arranged constriction 30, 32. The current feedthrough systems 26, 28 store the electrode holders 18, 20 each in the radial and axial directions and are sealed airtight to the environment, so that no air from the outside can penetrate into the piston skirt spaces 34, 36 enclosed by the piston shafts 8, 10. These are connected to the discharge space 6 of the discharge vessel 4 via connecting channels 38, 40 which are delimited by a cylindrical inner wall 42, 44 of the constrictions 30, 32 and the electrode holders 18, 20. The radial height of the connection channels 38, 40 measured from the inner walls 42, 44 to the surfaces of the electrode holders 18, 20 is on average about 0.4 to 0.5 mm and is substantially higher than in the prior art where this height corresponds to 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The axial length of the connection channels 38, 40 is approximately 1.5 times the cross section of the electrode holders 18, 20.

Die Einschnürungen 30, 32 weisen die gleiche Wandstärke wie die Kolbenschäfte 8, 10 auf und sind von schräg angestellten Wandungen 46 im Übergangsbereich zum Entladungsgefäß 4 und zu den Kolbenschäften 8, 10 begrenzt. Die axiale Länge der Einschnürungen 30, 32 ist minimiert und die radiale Höhe der Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 maximiert, so dass diese Maße gerade ausreichend für eine Sicherung der radialen Lage der Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 sind.The constrictions 30, 32 have the same wall thickness as the piston shafts 8, 10 and are limited by inclined walls 46 in the transition region to the discharge vessel 4 and the piston shafts 8, 10. The axial length of the constrictions 30, 32 is minimized and the radial height of the connecting channels 38, 40 maximized, so that these dimensions are just sufficient for securing the radial position of the electrode holders 18, 20.

Das Entladungsgefäß 4 hat in etwa zwischen der von der Kopfkathode 24 abgewandten Schattenseite 48 der Kopfanode 22 und der in der Figur rechten Wandung 46 der linken Einschnürung 30 einen im Wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Kühlabschnitt 50, dessen Durchmesser etwas größer als der Durchmesser der Kopfanode 22 ist und dessen axiale Länge etwa der halben axialen Länge der Kopfanode 22 entspricht. Radial am Außenumfang des Kühlabschnitts 50 ist in der Figur ein Pumpkanal 52 angeordnet, der im weiter unten beschriebenen Herstellungsprozess der Hochruckentladungslampe 1 eingesetzt wird und nach der Herstellung entfernt werden kann. Ein weiterer zylinderförmiger Abschnitt 54 ist an dem zum Kühlabschnitt 50 gegenüberliegenden Ende des Entladungsgefäßes 4 ausgebildet, der eine wesentlich kürzere axiale Länge aufweist.The discharge vessel 4 has approximately between the side facing away from the cathode head 24 shadow side 48 of the head anode 22 and in the figure right wall 46 of the left constriction 30 has a substantially cylindrical cooling portion 50, whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the head anode 22 and its axial length corresponds to about half the axial length of the head anode 22. Radially on the outer circumference of the cooling section 50, a pumping channel 52 is arranged in the figure, which is used in the manufacturing process of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 described below and can be removed after manufacture. Another cylindrical portion 54 is formed at the opposite end to the cooling portion 50 of the discharge vessel 4, which has a substantially shorter axial length.

Die Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 hat einen optischen Nutzbereich 55, der durch vier Strichpunktlinien gekennzeichnet ist, wobei im Betrieb das Licht im Wesentlichen über diesen Nutzbereich 55 abgestrahlt wird.The high-pressure discharge lamp 1 has an optical useful region 55, which is characterized by four dashed-dotted lines, wherein in operation the light is radiated essentially over this useful region 55.

Im Stand der Technik entsteht im Einsatz einer Hochdruckentladungslampe nach einer gewissen Betriebsdauer eine Schwärzung an der Innenwandung des Entladungsgefäßes, die mit zunehmender Betriebsdauer stärker und dunkler wird. Dabei liegt diese Schwärzung in einem optischen Nutzbereich und vermindert somit das nutzbare Licht der Hochdruckentladungslampe, bis diese nicht mehr einsetzbar ist. Eine Ursache für die Schwärzung sind die hohen Temperaturen der Anode im Lampenbetrieb, die zu einer Verdampfung des Anodenmaterials führen, das sich dann an der Innenwandung des Entladungsgefäßes ablagert. Eine weitere Ursache sind Verunreinigungen der Füllung des Entladungsgefäßes mit beispielsweise Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, die sich ebenfalls in Form einer Schwärzung ablagern.In the prior art, the use of a high-pressure discharge lamp after a certain period of operation produces a blackening on the inner wall of the discharge vessel, which becomes stronger and darker with increasing operating time. This blackening is in an optical useful range and thus reduces the usable light of the high-pressure discharge lamp until it can no longer be used is. One cause of the blackening are the high temperatures of the anode during lamp operation, which lead to evaporation of the anode material, which then deposits on the inner wall of the discharge vessel. Another cause are contamination of the filling of the discharge vessel with, for example, oxygen and moisture, which also deposit in the form of a blackening.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 in der Figur liegt eine Schwärzung 56, im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik, vorteilhafterweise außerhalb des optischen Nutzbereichs 55, im Wesentlichen an der Kolbeninnenfläche 58 des Entladungsgefäßes 4 im Bereich des Kühlabschnitts 50, im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Kühlabschnitt 50 und dem restlichen Entladungsgefäß 4, und an der Wandung 46 zwischen dem Kühlabschnitts 50 und der Einschnürung 30 an, was durch eine schwarze Einfärbung des Entladungsgefäß 4 in der Figur verdeutlicht ist. Außerdem ist die Schwärzung 56 im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik bei gleicher Betriebsdauer wesentlich geringer. Die Gründe hierfür werden im Folgenden erläutert.In the case of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 according to the invention in the figure, a blackening 56, in contrast to the prior art, advantageously lies outside the optical useful region 55, essentially on the piston inner surface 58 of the discharge vessel 4 in the region of the cooling section 50, in the transitional region between the cooling section 50 and the remaining discharge vessel 4, and on the wall 46 between the cooling section 50 and the constriction 30, which is illustrated by a black coloring of the discharge vessel 4 in the figure. In addition, the blackening 56 is much lower compared to the prior art with the same operating time. The reasons for this are explained below.

Bei der Herstellung der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 wird noch im Entladungsgefäß 4 vorhandenes Gas, beispielsweise Luft, über den Pumpkanal 52 aus dem Entladungsraum 6 und über die Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 aus den Kolbenschafträumen 34, 36 weitestgehend gepumpt. Anschließend wird das Entladungsgefäß 4 mit einer ionisierbaren Füllung gefüllt und luftdicht verschlossen. Die Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 leisten hierbei durch ihre Dimensionierung den größten Pumpwiderstand in der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1. Aus diesem Grund werden die Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 derart dimensioniert, das diese eine maximale Höhe bei minimaler axialer Länge haben, um den Pumpwiderstand zu minimieren, wobei noch eine ausreichende radiale Lagerung der Elektrodenhalterung 18, 20 gewährleistet ist. Dies ermöglicht zum einen im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik in kürzerer Zeit die Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 leerzupumpen, einen bis zu 10 fach geringeren Pumpwiderstand und somit die Herstellungskosten zu verringern und zum anderen Luftreste, wie Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, zu minimieren, da eine höhere Menge an Luft abgepumpt werden kann. Im Ergebnis verbessert sich die Qualität der ionisierbaren Füllung. Geringere Mengen an Luftresten führen dann im Betrieb der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 zu einer geringeren Schwärzung 56 des Entladungsgefäßes 4.In the manufacture of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1, gas still present in the discharge vessel 4, for example air, is pumped as far as possible via the pumping channel 52 out of the discharge space 6 and via the connecting channels 38, 40 from the piston skirting spaces 34, 36. Subsequently, the discharge vessel 4 is filled with an ionizable filling and sealed airtight. The connecting channels 38, 40 in this case afford the largest pumping resistance in the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 due to their dimensioning. For this reason, the connecting channels 38, 40 are dimensioned in such a way that they are one maximum height at minimum axial length in order to minimize the pumping resistance, while still sufficient radial support of the electrode holder 18, 20 is ensured. This makes it possible, on the one hand, to empty the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 in a shorter time compared to the prior art, to reduce an up to 10 times lower pumping resistance and thus the manufacturing costs and, second, to minimize air residues, such as oxygen and moisture, since a higher amount of air can be pumped out. As a result, the quality of the ionizable filling improves. During operation of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1, smaller amounts of air residues then lead to a lower density 56 of the discharge vessel 4.

Durch die höhere Abstrahlung der mit Wolfram beschichteten Kopfanoden 22 haben diese eine geringere Temperatur, wodurch weniger Anodenmaterial verdampft wird und somit ebenfalls die Schwärzung 56 geringer ist. Des Weiteren wird durch die höhere Abstrahlung unter anderem der optische Nutzbereich 55 zwischen Kopfanode 22 und Entladungsgefäß 4 stärker als im Stand der Technik aufgeheizt. Der Kühlabschnitt 50 des Entladungsgefäßes 4, wird durch die Kopfanode 22 abgeschattet, womit in diesem Bereich die Temperatur geringer, als im restlichen Entladungsgefäß 4 ist. Verdampftes Anodenmaterial und Verunreinigungen der Füllung lagern sich in diesem Kühlabschnitt 50 an und führen zu der Schwärzung 56, die außerhalb des optischen Nutzbereichs 55 liegt.Due to the higher radiation of the tungsten-coated head anodes 22, these have a lower temperature, as a result of which less anode material is vaporized and thus likewise the blackening 56 is lower. Furthermore, the higher radiation, inter alia, heats the optical useful area 55 between the head anode 22 and the discharge vessel 4 more than in the prior art. The cooling section 50 of the discharge vessel 4, is shadowed by the top anode 22, which in this area, the temperature is lower than in the remaining discharge vessel 4. Evaporated anode material and impurities of the filling settle in this cooling section 50 and lead to the blackening 56, which lies outside the optical useful region 55.

Durch die oben beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Merkmalen, tritt keine oder nur geringe Schwärzung 56 im optischen Nutzbereich 55 auf, was zu einer Erhöhung der Lebensdauer der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 um bis zu 50% im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik führt.Due to the features according to the invention described above, no or only slight blackening 56 occurs in the optical useful region 55, which leads to an increase in the service life the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 by up to 50% compared to the prior art leads.

Claims (8)

  1. Discharge lamp having a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel (4) that surrounds an anode (22) and a cathode (24) that are respectively fixed by current-carrying, rod-shaped electrode holders (18, 20), the latter being guided through bulb shafts (8, 10) arranged diametrically on the discharge vessel (4), there being provided around the rod-shaped electrode holders (18, 20) at the transition from the discharge vessel (4) to the bulb shafts (8, 10) constrictions (30, 32) that form a connecting channel (38, 40) between the discharge space (6), surrounded by the discharge vessel (4), and in each case the bulb shaft spaces (34, 36) surrounded by the bulb shafts (8, 10), characterized in that the discharge vessel (4), the constrictions (30, 32) and/or the anode coating are designed in such a way as to reduce or avoid blackening (56) of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region (55), in which the discharge vessel (4) has a cylindrical cooling section (50) substantially between a side (48) of the anode (22) that is averted from the cathode (24), and a constriction (30), and in which the cylindrical cooling section (50) has a diameter that is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical anode (22).
  2. Discharge lamp according to Claim 1, in which the cylindrical cooling section (50) has a length that corresponds substantially to half the length of the anode (22).
  3. Discharge lamp according to either of the preceding claims, in which the anode (22) is coated with a coating (25), preferably with a tungsten paste, that improves the emission.
  4. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, in which the connecting channels (38, 40) are embodied in such a way that they ensure the relative position of the electrode holder (18, 20) in the case of minimum exhaust resistance in the production process.
  5. Discharge lamp according to Claim 4, in which the diameter and/or the length of the connecting channels (38, 40) are minimized.
  6. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, in which walls (46) are positioned obliquely with reference to the electrode holders in the transition region between the constrictions (30, 32) and the bulb shafts (8, 10) and in the transition region between the constrictions (30, 32) and the discharge vessel (4).
  7. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, in which the discharge vessel (4) has a cylindrical section (54) substantially between a side, averted from the anode (22), of the cathode (24) and the constriction (32).
  8. Discharge lamp according to Claims 1 to 7, in which an exhaust channel (52) is formed on the cooling section (50).
EP07821075.4A 2007-10-09 2007-10-09 Discharge lamp Active EP2198450B1 (en)

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JP5918811B2 (en) * 2014-07-12 2016-05-18 フェニックス電機株式会社 High pressure discharge lamp manufacturing method and high pressure discharge lamp sealing structure
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US8264148B2 (en) 2012-09-11
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