EP2198450A1 - Discharge lamp - Google Patents

Discharge lamp

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Publication number
EP2198450A1
EP2198450A1 EP07821075A EP07821075A EP2198450A1 EP 2198450 A1 EP2198450 A1 EP 2198450A1 EP 07821075 A EP07821075 A EP 07821075A EP 07821075 A EP07821075 A EP 07821075A EP 2198450 A1 EP2198450 A1 EP 2198450A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
discharge
anode
discharge lamp
discharge vessel
lamp according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP07821075A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2198450B1 (en
Inventor
Gerhard Löffler
Dirk Rosenthal
Swen-Uwe Baacke
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Osram GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Osram GmbH filed Critical Osram GmbH
Publication of EP2198450A1 publication Critical patent/EP2198450A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2198450B1 publication Critical patent/EP2198450B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/30—Vessels; Containers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/16—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having helium, argon, neon, krypton, or xenon as the principle constituent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
    • H01J61/86—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure with discharge additionally constricted by close spacing of electrodes, e.g. for optical projection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a discharge lamp according to the term O of claim 1.
  • Discharge lamps in particular XBO ® -Hochdruckentladungs- lamps, have an ellipsoidal lamp envelope enclosing an anode and a cathode.
  • the useful life of such discharge lamps is determined, inter alia, by the blackening of the lamp bulb during operation, which leads to a considerable loss of usable light.
  • the blackening has different causes. One of them is the evaporation of anode material due to the high temperatures in the operation of the high pressure discharge lamp, which is deposited on the inner surface of the lamp envelope.
  • Another cause of the blackening are contaminants of the gas filling in the lamp envelope, for example atmospheric residues, such as oxygen and moisture, which can only be removed in the production of the high-pressure discharge lamp with great expenditure of time and money.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure discharge lamp which has a long service life at substantially constant light intensity.
  • the discharge lamp according to the invention has a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel, which encloses an anode and a cathode, which are fixed in each case by current-carrying electrode holders, wherein these are passed in diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel piston shafts, wherein at the transition from the discharge vessel to the KolbenSften constrictions around the electrode holders
  • the discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are designed such that blackening of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region is provided.
  • the discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are formed in such a way that the discharge vessel is surrounded by the discharge vessel is reduced or avoided. This has the advantage that each of these measures the useful life of a discharge lamp compared to the prior art is considerably increased, with approximately constant production costs.
  • the discharge vessel preferably has a cylindrical cooling section substantially between a side of the anode remote from the cathode and a constriction. This has the advantage that, for example vaporized anode material can accumulate in this area and thus the discharge vessel blackens outside of the optically usable range.
  • the cylindrical cooling section may advantageously have a diameter greater than the diameter of the cylindrical anode and may have a length substantially equal to half the length of the anode, thereby allowing a sufficiently large cooling section to deposit, for example, the vaporized anode material.
  • the anode is coated with a radiation enhancing coating, preferably a tungsten paste.
  • a radiation enhancing coating preferably a tungsten paste.
  • connection channels can be designed in such a way that they ensure the relative position of the electrode holders with minimal pumping resistance in the production process, thereby enabling a simpler and more cost-effective pumping out of atmospheric residues.
  • the diameter and / or the length of the connection channel can be minimized in order to advantageously achieve the lowest pumping resistance.
  • transition region between the constrictions and the piston stems and in the transition region between the constrictions and the discharge vessel can be formed with respect to the electrode holders inclined walls.
  • the discharge vessel has a cylindrical section approximately between a side of the cathode facing away from the anode and the constriction, whereby a mechanically stable transition from the discharge vessel to the constriction can be implemented.
  • a pump tube is preferably formed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section through a discharge lamp according to one embodiment.
  • the figure shows a schematic representation of a double-ended XBO ® - high pressure discharge lamp 1 in short sheet technology.
  • This has a discharge vessel 4 made of quartz glass with a discharge space 6 and two diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel 4, sealed Kolben2020ften 8, 10, the free end portions each with a base sleeve, which is not shown, can be provided.
  • a gas discharge In the discharge space 6 protrude two in the piston stems 8, 10 extending electrodes 14, 16, between which occurs during lamp operation, a gas discharge.
  • an ionizable filling is included, which consists essentially of high purity xenon.
  • the electrodes 14, 16 are in the illustrated embodiment in each case as a two-part electrode system with a current-carrying, rod-shaped electrode holder 18, 20 and one, soldered to this discharge-side head electrode 22 (anode) and head electrode 24 (cathode).
  • the right electrode head 24 is designed to generate high temperatures as a conical cathode 24 and cathode, respectively, to ensure a defined arc attachment and a sufficient electron flow due to thermal emission and field emission (Richardson's equation).
  • the electrode head 22 is designed as a thermally highly loaded, barrel-shaped head anode 22 and anode, in which the radiation power is improved by a sufficient dimensioning of the electrode size.
  • the surface of the head anode 22 is coated with a coating 25, preferably with a tungsten paste, whereby the head anode 22 has a higher emission coefficient of 0.55 and thus approximately one 40% higher emission compared to the prior art, where the emission coefficient is 0.4.
  • the rod-shaped electrode holders 18, 20 each have two bearing points.
  • One bearing point is in each case a current feedthrough system 26, 28 formed at the ends of the piston shafts 8, 10 and the other bearing point is a constriction 30, 32 arranged in the transition region between the discharge vessel 4 and the piston shafts 8, 10.
  • the current feedthrough systems 26, 28 store the electrode holders 18, 20 respectively in the radial and axial directions and are hermetically sealed from the environment so that no air from the outside can penetrate into the piston skirt spaces 34, 36 enclosed by the piston stems 8, 10. These are connected to the discharge space 6 of the discharge vessel 4 via connecting channels 38, 40 which are delimited by a cylindrical inner wall 42, 44 of the constrictions 30, 32 and the electrode holders 18, 20.
  • the radial height of the connecting channels 38, 40 which is measured from the inner walls 42, 44 to the surfaces of the electrode holders 18, 20, is on average about 0.4 to 0.5 mm and is substantially higher than in the state technology, where this height is 0.1 to 0.2 mm.
  • the axial length of the connection channels 38, 40 is approximately 1.5 times the cross section of the electrode holders 18, 20.
  • the constrictions 30, 32 have the same wall thickness as the piston shafts 8, 10 and are limited by inclined walls 46 in the transition region to the discharge vessel 4 and the piston shafts 8, 10.
  • the axial length of the constrictions 30, 32 is minimizes and maximizes the radial height of the connection channels 38, 40, so that these dimensions are just sufficient for securing the radial position of the electrode holders 18, 20.
  • the discharge vessel 4 has approximately between the side facing away from the cathode head 24 shadow side 48 of the head anode 22 and in the figure right wall 46 of the left constriction 30 has a substantially cylindrical cooling portion 50, whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the head anode 22 and its axial length corresponds to about half the axial length of the head anode 22.
  • a pumping channel 52 Radially on the outer circumference of the cooling section 50, a pumping channel 52 is arranged in the figure, which is used in the manufacturing process of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 described below and can be removed after the production.
  • Another cylindrical portion 54 is formed at the opposite end to the cooling portion 50 of the discharge vessel 4, which has a substantially shorter axial length.
  • the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 has an optical useful region 55, which is characterized by four dashed-dotted lines, wherein in operation the light is radiated essentially over this useful region 55.
  • the use of a high-pressure discharge lamp after a certain period of operation results in blackening of the inner wall of the discharge vessel, which becomes stronger and darker with increasing operating time.
  • This blackening is in an optical useful range and thus reduces the usable light of the high-pressure discharge lamp until it can no longer be used is.
  • One cause of the blackening are the high temperatures of the anode during lamp operation, which lead to evaporation of the anode material, which then deposits on the inner wall of the discharge vessel.
  • Another cause are contamination of the filling of the discharge vessel with, for example, oxygen and moisture, which also deposit in the form of a blackening.
  • a blackening 56 in contrast to the prior art, advantageously lies outside the optical useful region 55, essentially on the piston inner surface 58 of the discharge vessel 4 in the region of the cooling section 50, in the transition region between the cooling section 50 and the remaining discharge vessel 4, and on the wall 46 between the cooling section 50 and the constriction 30, which is illustrated by a black coloring of the discharge vessel 4 in the figure.
  • the blackening 56 is much lower compared to the prior art with the same operating time. The reasons for this are explained below.
  • gas still present in the discharge vessel 4 for example air
  • the discharge vessel 4 is filled with an ionizable filling and sealed airtight.
  • the connecting channels 38, 40 make the greatest pumping resistance in the high-pressure discharge lamp 1.
  • the connecting channels 38, 40 are dimensioned in such a way that they ne maximum height at minimum axial length to minimize the pumping resistance, while still a sufficient radial support of the electrode holder 18, 20 is ensured.
  • a discharge lamp having a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel, which encloses an anode and a cathode, which are each fixed by current-carrying electrode holders, which are each passed through arranged diametrically on the discharge vessel piston shafts.
  • constrictions are formed around the electrode holders, which have a connection channel between the discharge space enclosed by the discharge vessel and in each case the piston skirt space enclosed by the piston stems.
  • the discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are designed such that a blackening in the optically usable region of the discharge lamp is reduced or avoided.

Landscapes

  • Discharge Lamp (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a discharge lamp having a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel which surrounds an anode and a cathode, which anode and cathode are in each case fixed by live electrode mounts, wherein these electrode mounts are in each case conducted through bulb shafts which are arranged diametrically on the discharge vessel. At the transition from the discharge vessel to the bulb shafts, narrowed portions are formed around the electrode mounts, which narrowed portions have a connection channel between the discharge space, which is surrounded by the discharge vessel, and the respective bulb shaft space, which is surrounded by the bulb shafts. In this case, the discharge vessel, the narrowed portions and/or the anode coating are formed in such a way that blackening in the optically useful region of the discharge lamp is reduced or prevented.

Description

Beschreibung description
Entladungslampedischarge lamp
Technisches GebietTechnical area
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Entladungslampe gemäß dem O- berbegriff des Patentanspruch 1.The invention relates to a discharge lamp according to the term O of claim 1.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Entladungslampen, insbesondere XBO®-Hochdruckentladungs- lampen, weisen einen ellipsoidförmigen Lampenkolben auf, der eine Anode und eine Kathode umschließt. Die Nutzungsdauer derartiger Entladungslampen wird unter anderem durch die sich im Betrieb einstellende Schwärzung des Lampenkolbens bestimmt, die zu einem erheblichen Verlust an nutzbarem Licht führt. Die Schwärzung hat unterschiedliche Ursachen. Eine davon ist das Verdampfen von Anodenmaterial aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen im Betrieb der Hochdruckentladungslampe, wobei dieses auf der Innenoberfläche des Lampenkolbens angelagert wird. Eine weitere Ursache der Schwärzung sind Verunreinigungen der Gasfüllung im Lampenkolben, beispielsweise Atmosphärenreste, wie Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, die bei der Herstellung der Hochdruckentladungslampe nur mit hohen Zeit- und Kostenaufwand entfernt werden können.Discharge lamps, in particular XBO ® -Hochdruckentladungs- lamps, have an ellipsoidal lamp envelope enclosing an anode and a cathode. The useful life of such discharge lamps is determined, inter alia, by the blackening of the lamp bulb during operation, which leads to a considerable loss of usable light. The blackening has different causes. One of them is the evaporation of anode material due to the high temperatures in the operation of the high pressure discharge lamp, which is deposited on the inner surface of the lamp envelope. Another cause of the blackening are contaminants of the gas filling in the lamp envelope, for example atmospheric residues, such as oxygen and moisture, which can only be removed in the production of the high-pressure discharge lamp with great expenditure of time and money.
Um die Schwärzung zu minimieren gibt es bisher unterschiedliche Ansätze. Beispielsweise werden größere Lampenkolben verwendet, wodurch sich Ablagerungen auf eine größere Fläche verteilen können, wobei die Schwärzung jedoch in abgeschwächter Form weiterhin auftritt. Ein wei- terer Lösungsansatz ist es, großvolumige Anoden einzusetzen, um die Anodentemperatur im Betrieb durch eine große Abstrahlungsflache zu senken und somit das Verdampfen von Anodenmaterial zu verringern.In order to minimize the blackening there are so far different approaches. For example, larger lamp envelopes are used, which can spread deposits over a larger area, but the blackening still occurs in a weakened form. Another approach is to use large-volume anodes to reduce the anode temperature during operation by a large Lower radiation surface and thus reduce the evaporation of anode material.
Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention
Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, eine Hochdruckentladungslampe zu schaffen, die eine lange Nut- zungsdauer bei im Wesentlichen gleichbleibender Lichtstärke aufweist.The object of the present invention is to provide a high-pressure discharge lamp which has a long service life at substantially constant light intensity.
Diese Aufgabe durch eine Entladungslampe mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved by a discharge lamp having the features of patent claim 1.
Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.Particularly advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Entladungslampe hat ein im Wesentlichen ellipsoidförmigen Entladungsgefäß, das eine Anode und eine Kathode umschließt, die jeweils durch stromführende Elektrodenhalterungen fixiert sind, wobei diese in diametral am Entladungsgefäß angeordnete Kolbenschäfte hindurchgeführt sind, wobei am Übergang von dem Entladungsgefäß zu den Kolbenschäften Einschnürungen um die Elektrodenhalterungen vorgesehen sind, die einen Verbindungskanal zwischen den von dem Entladungsgefäß umschlos- senen Entladungsraum und jeweils dem von den Kolbenschäften umschlossenen Kolbenschafträumen ausbilden, wobei das Entladungsgefäß, die Einschnürungen und/oder die Anoden- beschichtung derart ausgebildet sind, dass eine Schwärzung des Entladungsgefäßes im lichtabstrahlenden Bereich verringert bzw. vermieden ist. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass durch jede einzelne dieser Maßnahmen die Nutzungsdauer einer Entladungslampe im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erheblich erhöht ist, bei in etwa gleichbleibenden Herstellungskosten .The discharge lamp according to the invention has a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel, which encloses an anode and a cathode, which are fixed in each case by current-carrying electrode holders, wherein these are passed in diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel piston shafts, wherein at the transition from the discharge vessel to the Kolbenschäften constrictions around the electrode holders The discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are designed such that blackening of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region is provided. The discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are formed in such a way that the discharge vessel is surrounded by the discharge vessel is reduced or avoided. This has the advantage that each of these measures the useful life of a discharge lamp compared to the prior art is considerably increased, with approximately constant production costs.
Vorzugsweise weist das Entladungsgefäß im Wesentlichen zwischen einer von der Kathode abgewandten Seite der Ano- de und einer Einschnürung, einen zylinderförmigen Kühlabschnitt auf. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass sich beispielsweise verdampftes Anodenmaterial in diesem Bereich ansammeln kann und sich das Entladungsgefäß somit außerhalb des optisch nutzbaren Bereichs schwärzt.The discharge vessel preferably has a cylindrical cooling section substantially between a side of the anode remote from the cathode and a constriction. This has the advantage that, for example vaporized anode material can accumulate in this area and thus the discharge vessel blackens outside of the optically usable range.
Der zylinderförmige Kühlabschnitt kann vorteilhafterweise einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der größer als der Durchmesser der zylinderförmigen Anode ist und kann eine Länge aufweisen, die im Wesentlichen der halben Länge der Anode entspricht, wodurch ein ausreichend großer Kühlabschnitt zur Ablagerung beispielsweise des verdampften Anodenmaterials ermöglicht wird.The cylindrical cooling section may advantageously have a diameter greater than the diameter of the cylindrical anode and may have a length substantially equal to half the length of the anode, thereby allowing a sufficiently large cooling section to deposit, for example, the vaporized anode material.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist die Anode mit einer die Abstrahlung verbessernden Beschichtung, vorzugsweise mit einer Wolframpaste, beschichtet. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass die Abstrahlung der Entladungslampe erhöht wird und die Anode eine geringere Temperatur aufweist und somit weniger Anodenmaterial verdampfen kann.In a preferred embodiment, the anode is coated with a radiation enhancing coating, preferably a tungsten paste. This has the advantage that the emission of the discharge lamp is increased and the anode has a lower temperature and thus can evaporate less anode material.
Die Verbindungskanäle können derart ausgeführt sein, das diese die Relativlage der Elektrodenhalterungen bei mini- malern Pumpwiderstand im Herstellungsverfahren sicherstellen, wodurch ein einfacheres und kostengünstigeres Abpumpen von Atmosphärenresten ermöglicht wird. Der Durchmesser und/oder die Länge des Verbindungskanals kann minimiert sein, um vorteilhafterweise den geringsten Pumpwiderstand zu erreichen.The connection channels can be designed in such a way that they ensure the relative position of the electrode holders with minimal pumping resistance in the production process, thereby enabling a simpler and more cost-effective pumping out of atmospheric residues. The diameter and / or the length of the connection channel can be minimized in order to advantageously achieve the lowest pumping resistance.
Im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Einschnürungen und den Kolbenschäften und im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Einschnürungen und dem Entladungsgefäß können in Bezug auf die Elektrodenhalterungen schräg angestellte Wandungen ausgebildet sein.In the transition region between the constrictions and the piston stems and in the transition region between the constrictions and the discharge vessel can be formed with respect to the electrode holders inclined walls.
Das Entladungsgefäß hat beispielsweise in etwa zwischen einer von der Anode abgewandten Seite der Kathode und der Einschnürung, einen zylinderförmigen Abschnitt, wodurch ein mechanisch stabiler Übergang vom Entladungsgefäß zur Einschnürung umgesetzt werden kann.For example, the discharge vessel has a cylindrical section approximately between a side of the cathode facing away from the anode and the constriction, whereby a mechanically stable transition from the discharge vessel to the constriction can be implemented.
Am Kühlabschnitt ist vorzugsweise ein Pumprohr ausgebil- det.At the cooling section, a pump tube is preferably formed.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Im Folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert werden. Die Figur zeigt einen Längsschnitt durch eine Entladungslampe gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel .In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment. The figure shows a longitudinal section through a discharge lamp according to one embodiment.
Bevorzugte Ausführung der ErfindungPreferred embodiment of the invention
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer XBO®- Hochdruckentladungslampe erläutert, die beispielsweise in Projektionssystemen und Scheinwerfern Verwendung findet.The invention is explained below with reference to an XBO® high-pressure discharge lamp, which is used, for example, in projection systems and headlamps.
Die Figur zeigt eine schematische Darstellung einer zweiseitig gesockelten XBO®- Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 in Kurzbogentechnik . Diese besitzt ein Entladungsgefäß 4 aus Quarzglas mit einem Entladungsraum 6 und zwei diametral am Entladungsgefäß 4 angeordneten, abgedichteten Kolbenschäften 8, 10, deren freie Endabschnitte jeweils mit einer Sockelhülse, die nicht dargestellt ist, versehen werden können. In den Entladungsraum 6 ragen zwei in den Kolbenschäften 8, 10 verlaufende Elektroden 14, 16, zwischen denen während des Lampenbetriebs eine Gasentladung auftritt. In dem Entladungsraum 6 des Entladungsgefäßes 4 ist eine ionisierbare Füllung eingeschlossen, die im Wesentlichen aus hochreinem Xenon besteht. Die Elektroden 14, 16 sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel jeweils als zweiteiliges Elektrodensystem mit einer stromzuführenden, stabförmigen Elektrodenhalterung 18, 20 und einer, mit dieser verlöteten, entladungsseitigen Kopfelektrode 22 (Anode) bzw. Kopfelektrode 24 (Kathode) ausgeführt. Gemäß der Figur ist der rechte Elektrodenkopf 24 zur Erzeugung hoher Temperaturen als kegelförmige Kopfkathode 24 bzw. Kathode ausgeführt, um einen definierten Bogenansatz und einen ausreichenden Elektronenfluss aufgrund von thermischer Emission und Feldemission (Richard- son-Gleichung) zu gewährleisten.The figure shows a schematic representation of a double-ended XBO ® - high pressure discharge lamp 1 in short sheet technology. This has a discharge vessel 4 made of quartz glass with a discharge space 6 and two diametrically arranged on the discharge vessel 4, sealed Kolbenschäften 8, 10, the free end portions each with a base sleeve, which is not shown, can be provided. In the discharge space 6 protrude two in the piston stems 8, 10 extending electrodes 14, 16, between which occurs during lamp operation, a gas discharge. In the discharge space 6 of the discharge vessel 4 an ionizable filling is included, which consists essentially of high purity xenon. The electrodes 14, 16 are in the illustrated embodiment in each case as a two-part electrode system with a current-carrying, rod-shaped electrode holder 18, 20 and one, soldered to this discharge-side head electrode 22 (anode) and head electrode 24 (cathode). According to the figure, the right electrode head 24 is designed to generate high temperatures as a conical cathode 24 and cathode, respectively, to ensure a defined arc attachment and a sufficient electron flow due to thermal emission and field emission (Richardson's equation).
Der in der Figur linke Elektrodenkopf 22 ist als thermisch hoch belastete, tonnenförmige Kopfanode 22 bzw. Anode ausgeführt, bei der die Abstrahlleistung durch eine ausreichende Dimensionierung der Elektrodengröße verbessert ist. Um die Abstrahlleistung noch weiter zu steigern, ist die Oberfläche der Kopfanode 22 mit einer Be- schichtung 25, vorzugsweise mit einer Wolframpaste, be- schichtet, wodurch die Kopfanode 22 einen höheren Emissionskoeffizienten von 0,55 und hierdurch eine in etwa um 40% höhere Abstrahlung im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik aufweist, wo der Emissionskoeffizient 0,4 beträgt.The left in the figure, the electrode head 22 is designed as a thermally highly loaded, barrel-shaped head anode 22 and anode, in which the radiation power is improved by a sufficient dimensioning of the electrode size. In order to increase the emission power even further, the surface of the head anode 22 is coated with a coating 25, preferably with a tungsten paste, whereby the head anode 22 has a higher emission coefficient of 0.55 and thus approximately one 40% higher emission compared to the prior art, where the emission coefficient is 0.4.
Die stabförmigen Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 haben jeweils zwei Lagerpunkte. Ein Lagerpunkt ist dabei je- weils ein an den Enden der Kolbenschäfte 8, 10 ausgebildetes Stromdurchführungssystem 26, 28 und der andere Lagerpunkt ist jeweils eine im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Entladungsgefäß 4 und den Kolbenschäften 8, 10 angeordnete Einschnürung 30, 32. Die Stromdurchführungssyste- me 26, 28 lagern die Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 jeweils in radialer und axialer Richtung und sind luftdicht gegenüber der Umgebung abgedichtet, so dass keine Luft von außen in den von den Kolbenschäfte 8, 10 umschlossenen Kolbenschafträumen 34, 36 eindringen kann. Diese sind mit den Entladungsraum 6 des Entladungsgefäßes 4 über Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 verbunden, die von einer zylinderförmigen Innenwandung 42, 44 der Einschnürungen 30, 32 und den Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 begrenzt sind. Die radiale Höhe der Verbindungskanäle 38, 40, die von den Innen- wandungen 42, 44 bis zu den Oberflächen der Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20 gemessen ist, beträgt im Durchschnitt ca. 0,4 bis 0,5 mm und ist wesentlich höher als im Stand der Technik, wo diese Höhe 0,1 bis 0,2 mm entspricht. Die axiale Länge der Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 beträgt etwa das 1,5-fache des Querschnitts der Elektrodenhalterungen 18, 20.The rod-shaped electrode holders 18, 20 each have two bearing points. One bearing point is in each case a current feedthrough system 26, 28 formed at the ends of the piston shafts 8, 10 and the other bearing point is a constriction 30, 32 arranged in the transition region between the discharge vessel 4 and the piston shafts 8, 10. The current feedthrough systems 26, 28 store the electrode holders 18, 20 respectively in the radial and axial directions and are hermetically sealed from the environment so that no air from the outside can penetrate into the piston skirt spaces 34, 36 enclosed by the piston stems 8, 10. These are connected to the discharge space 6 of the discharge vessel 4 via connecting channels 38, 40 which are delimited by a cylindrical inner wall 42, 44 of the constrictions 30, 32 and the electrode holders 18, 20. The radial height of the connecting channels 38, 40, which is measured from the inner walls 42, 44 to the surfaces of the electrode holders 18, 20, is on average about 0.4 to 0.5 mm and is substantially higher than in the state technology, where this height is 0.1 to 0.2 mm. The axial length of the connection channels 38, 40 is approximately 1.5 times the cross section of the electrode holders 18, 20.
Die Einschnürungen 30, 32 weisen die gleiche Wandstärke wie die Kolbenschäfte 8, 10 auf und sind von schräg angestellten Wandungen 46 im Übergangsbereich zum Entladungsgefäß 4 und zu den Kolbenschäften 8, 10 begrenzt. Die axiale Länge der Einschnürungen 30, 32 ist minimiert und die radiale Höhe der Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 maximiert, so dass diese Maße gerade ausreichend für eine Sicherung der radialen Lage der Elektrodenhalterun- gen 18, 20 sind.The constrictions 30, 32 have the same wall thickness as the piston shafts 8, 10 and are limited by inclined walls 46 in the transition region to the discharge vessel 4 and the piston shafts 8, 10. The axial length of the constrictions 30, 32 is minimizes and maximizes the radial height of the connection channels 38, 40, so that these dimensions are just sufficient for securing the radial position of the electrode holders 18, 20.
Das Entladungsgefäß 4 hat in etwa zwischen der von der Kopfkathode 24 abgewandten Schattenseite 48 der Kopfanode 22 und der in der Figur rechten Wandung 46 der linken Einschnürung 30 einen im Wesentlichen zylinderförmigen Kühlabschnitt 50, dessen Durchmesser etwas größer als der Durchmesser der Kopfanode 22 ist und dessen axiale Länge etwa der halben axialen Länge der Kopfanode 22 entspricht. Radial am Außenumfang des Kühlabschnitts 50 ist in der Figur ein Pumpkanal 52 angeordnet, der im weiter unten beschriebenen Herstellungsprozess der Hochruckent- ladungslampe 1 eingesetzt wird und nach der Herstellung entfernt werden kann. Ein weiterer zylinderförmiger Abschnitt 54 ist an dem zum Kühlabschnitt 50 gegenüberliegenden Ende des Entladungsgefäßes 4 ausgebildet, der eine wesentlich kürzere axiale Länge aufweist.The discharge vessel 4 has approximately between the side facing away from the cathode head 24 shadow side 48 of the head anode 22 and in the figure right wall 46 of the left constriction 30 has a substantially cylindrical cooling portion 50, whose diameter is slightly larger than the diameter of the head anode 22 and its axial length corresponds to about half the axial length of the head anode 22. Radially on the outer circumference of the cooling section 50, a pumping channel 52 is arranged in the figure, which is used in the manufacturing process of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 described below and can be removed after the production. Another cylindrical portion 54 is formed at the opposite end to the cooling portion 50 of the discharge vessel 4, which has a substantially shorter axial length.
Die Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 hat einen optischen Nutzbereich 55, der durch vier Strichpunktlinien gekennzeichnet ist, wobei im Betrieb das Licht im Wesentlichen über diesen Nutzbereich 55 abgestrahlt wird.The high-pressure discharge lamp 1 has an optical useful region 55, which is characterized by four dashed-dotted lines, wherein in operation the light is radiated essentially over this useful region 55.
Im Stand der Technik entsteht im Einsatz einer Hoch- druckentladungslampe nach einer gewissen Betriebsdauer eine Schwärzung an der Innenwandung des Entladungsgefäßes, die mit zunehmender Betriebsdauer stärker und dunkler wird. Dabei liegt diese Schwärzung in einem optischen Nutzbereich und vermindert somit das nutzbare Licht der Hochdruckentladungslampe, bis diese nicht mehr einsetzbar ist. Eine Ursache für die Schwärzung sind die hohen Temperaturen der Anode im Lampenbetrieb, die zu einer Verdampfung des Anodenmaterials führen, das sich dann an der Innenwandung des Entladungsgefäßes ablagert. Eine weitere Ursache sind Verunreinigungen der Füllung des Entladungsgefäßes mit beispielsweise Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, die sich ebenfalls in Form einer Schwärzung ablagern.In the prior art, the use of a high-pressure discharge lamp after a certain period of operation results in blackening of the inner wall of the discharge vessel, which becomes stronger and darker with increasing operating time. This blackening is in an optical useful range and thus reduces the usable light of the high-pressure discharge lamp until it can no longer be used is. One cause of the blackening are the high temperatures of the anode during lamp operation, which lead to evaporation of the anode material, which then deposits on the inner wall of the discharge vessel. Another cause are contamination of the filling of the discharge vessel with, for example, oxygen and moisture, which also deposit in the form of a blackening.
Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 in der Figur liegt eine Schwärzung 56, im Gegensatz zum Stand der Technik, vorteilhafterweise außerhalb des optischen Nutzbereichs 55, im Wesentlichen an der Kolbeninnenfläche 58 des Entladungsgefäßes 4 im Bereich des Kühlabschnitts 50, im Übergangsbereich zwischen dem Kühlabschnitt 50 und dem restlichen Entladungsgefäß 4, und an der Wandung 46 zwischen dem Kühlabschnitts 50 und der Einschnürung 30 an, was durch eine schwarze Einfärbung des Entladungsgefäß 4 in der Figur verdeutlicht ist. Außerdem ist die Schwärzung 56 im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik bei gleicher Betriebsdauer wesentlich geringer. Die Gründe hierfür werden im Folgenden erläutert.In the case of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 according to the invention in the figure, a blackening 56, in contrast to the prior art, advantageously lies outside the optical useful region 55, essentially on the piston inner surface 58 of the discharge vessel 4 in the region of the cooling section 50, in the transition region between the cooling section 50 and the remaining discharge vessel 4, and on the wall 46 between the cooling section 50 and the constriction 30, which is illustrated by a black coloring of the discharge vessel 4 in the figure. In addition, the blackening 56 is much lower compared to the prior art with the same operating time. The reasons for this are explained below.
Bei der Herstellung der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 wird noch im Entladungsgefäß 4 vorhandenes Gas, beispielsweise Luft, über den Pumpkanal 52 aus dem Entladungsraum 6 und über die Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 aus den Kolbenschafträumen 34, 36 weitestgehend gepumpt. Anschließend wird das Entladungsgefäß 4 mit einer ionisierbaren Füllung gefüllt und luftdicht verschlossen. Die Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 leisten hierbei durch ihre Dimensionierung den größten Pumpwiderstand in der Hoch- druckentladungslampe 1. Aus diesem Grund werden die Verbindungskanäle 38, 40 derart dimensioniert, das diese ei- ne maximale Höhe bei minimaler axialer Länge haben, um den Pumpwiderstand zu minimieren, wobei noch eine ausreichende radiale Lagerung der Elektrodenhalterung 18, 20 gewährleistet ist. Dies ermöglicht zum einen im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik in kürzerer Zeit die Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 leerzupumpen, einen bis zu lOfach geringeren Pumpwiderstand und somit die Herstellungskosten zu verringern und zum anderen Luftreste, wie Sauerstoff und Feuchtigkeit, zu minimieren, da eine höhere Menge an Luft abgepumpt werden kann. Im Ergebnis verbessert sich die Qualität der ionisierbaren Füllung. Geringere Mengen an Luftresten führen dann im Betrieb der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 zu einer geringeren Schwärzung 56 des Entladungsgefäßes 4.In the manufacture of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1, gas still present in the discharge vessel 4, for example air, is pumped as far as possible via the pumping channel 52 out of the discharge space 6 and via the connecting channels 38, 40 from the piston skirting spaces 34, 36. Subsequently, the discharge vessel 4 is filled with an ionizable filling and sealed airtight. By virtue of their dimensioning, the connecting channels 38, 40 make the greatest pumping resistance in the high-pressure discharge lamp 1. For this reason, the connecting channels 38, 40 are dimensioned in such a way that they ne maximum height at minimum axial length to minimize the pumping resistance, while still a sufficient radial support of the electrode holder 18, 20 is ensured. This makes it possible to empty the high-pressure discharge lamp 1 in comparison with the prior art in a shorter time, to reduce a pumping resistance which is up to 10 times lower, and thus to reduce production costs, and to minimize air residues such as oxygen and moisture, since a higher amount of air is pumped out can be. As a result, the quality of the ionizable filling improves. During operation of the high-pressure discharge lamp 1, smaller amounts of air residues then lead to a lower density 56 of the discharge vessel 4.
Durch die höhere Abstrahlung der mit Wolfram beschichteten Kopfanoden 22 haben diese eine geringere Temperatur, wodurch weniger Anodenmaterial verdampft wird und somit ebenfalls die Schwärzung 56 geringer ist. Des Weiteren wird durch die höhere Abstrahlung unter anderem der optische Nutzbereich 55 zwischen Kopfanode 22 und Entladungsgefäß 4 stärker als im Stand der Technik aufgeheizt. Der Kühlabschnitt 50 des Entladungsgefäßes 4, wird durch die Kopfanode 22 abgeschattet, womit in diesem Bereich die Temperatur geringer, als im restlichen Entla- dungsgefäß 4 ist. Verdampftes Anodenmaterial und Verunreinigungen der Füllung lagern sich in diesem Kühlabschnitt 50 an und führen zu der Schwärzung 56, die außerhalb des optischen Nutzbereichs 55 liegt.Due to the higher radiation of the tungsten-coated head anodes 22, these have a lower temperature, as a result of which less anode material is vaporized and thus likewise the blackening 56 is lower. Furthermore, the higher radiation, inter alia, heats the optical useful area 55 between the head anode 22 and the discharge vessel 4 more than in the prior art. The cooling section 50 of the discharge vessel 4 is shaded by the head anode 22, with the result that the temperature in this area is lower than in the remaining discharge vessel 4. Evaporated anode material and impurities of the filling settle in this cooling section 50 and lead to the blackening 56, which lies outside the optical useful region 55.
Durch die oben beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Merk- malen, tritt keine oder nur geringe Schwärzung 56 im optischen Nutzbereich 55 auf, was zu einer Erhöhung der Le- bensdauer der Hochdruckentladungslampe 1 um bis zu 50% im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik führt.Due to the inventive features described above, no or only slight blackening 56 occurs in the optical useful region 55, which leads to an increase in the Life of the high pressure discharge lamp 1 by up to 50% compared to the prior art leads.
Offenbart ist eine Entladungslampe mit einem im Wesentlichen ellipsoidförmigen Entladungsgefäß, das eine Anode und eine Kathode umschließt, die jeweils von stromführenden Elektrodenhalterungen fixiert sind, wobei diese jeweils durch diametral am Entladungsgefäß angeordnete Kolbenschäfte hindurchgeführt sind. Am Übergang von dem Entladungsgefäß zu den Kolbenschäften sind Einschnürungen um die Elektrodenhalterungen ausgebildet, die einen Verbindungskanal zwischen den von dem Entladungsgefäß umschlossenen Entladungsraum und jeweils dem von den Kolbenschäften umschlossenen Kolbenschaftraum haben. Das Entladungsgefäß, die Einschnürungen und/oder die Anodenbeschichtung sind dabei derart ausgebildet, dass eine Schwärzung im optisch nutzbaren Bereich der Entladungslampe verringert bzw. vermieden ist. Disclosed is a discharge lamp having a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel, which encloses an anode and a cathode, which are each fixed by current-carrying electrode holders, which are each passed through arranged diametrically on the discharge vessel piston shafts. At the transition from the discharge vessel to the piston stems constrictions are formed around the electrode holders, which have a connection channel between the discharge space enclosed by the discharge vessel and in each case the piston skirt space enclosed by the piston stems. The discharge vessel, the constrictions and / or the anode coating are designed such that a blackening in the optically usable region of the discharge lamp is reduced or avoided.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. Entladungslampe mit einem im Wesentlichen ellipsoid- förmigen Entladungsgefäß (4), das eine Anode (22) und eine Kathode (24) umschließt, die jeweils durch stromführende Elektrodenhalterungen (18, 20) fixiert sind, wobei diese in diametral am Entladungsgefäß (4) angeordneten Kolbenschäften (8, 10) hindurchgeführt sind, wobei am Ü- bergang von dem Entladungsgefäß (4) zu den Kolbenschäften (8, 10) Einschnürungen (30, 32) um die Elektrodenhalterungen (18, 20) vorgesehen sind, die einen Verbindungska- nal (38, 40) zwischen den von dem Entladungsgefäß (4) umschlossenen Entladungsraum (6) und jeweils dem von den Kolbenschäften (8, 10) umschlossenen Kolbenschafträumen (34, 36) ausbilden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Entladungsgefäß (4), die Einschnürungen (30, 32) und/oder die Anodenbeschichtung derart ausgebildet sind, dass eine Schwärzung (56) des Entladungsgefäßes im lichtabstrahlenden Bereich (55) verringert bzw. vermieden ist.1. Discharge lamp with a substantially ellipsoidal discharge vessel (4), which encloses an anode (22) and a cathode (24) which are each fixed by current-carrying electrode holders (18, 20), wherein these are arranged diametrically on the discharge vessel (4 ) arranged at the transition from the discharge vessel (4) to the Kolbenschäften (8, 10) constrictions (30, 32) are provided around the electrode holders (18, 20) having a Verbindungsungska - form (38, 40) between the discharge chamber (4) enclosed by the discharge chamber (6) and each of the piston shafts (8, 10) enclosed Kolbenschafträumen (34, 36), characterized in that the discharge vessel (4), the constrictions (30, 32) and / or the anode coating are formed such that a blackening (56) of the discharge vessel in the light-emitting region (55) is reduced or avoided.
2. Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 1, wobei das Entla- dungsgefäß (4), im Wesentlichen zwischen einer von der2. Discharge lamp according to claim 1, wherein the discharge vessel (4), substantially between one of the
Kathode (24) abgewandten Seite (48) der Anode (22) und einer Einschnürung (30), einen zylinderförmigen Kühlabschnitt (50) aufweist.Cathode (24) opposite side (48) of the anode (22) and a constriction (30), a cylindrical cooling portion (50).
3. Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 2, wobei der zylinderförmige Kühlabschnitt (50) einen Durchmesser aufweist, der größer als der Durchmesser der zylinderförmigen Anode (22) ist. 3. Discharge lamp according to claim 2, wherein the cylindrical cooling section (50) has a diameter which is greater than the diameter of the cylindrical anode (22).
4. Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 2 oder 3, wobei der zylinderförmige Kühlabschnitt (50) eine Länge aufweist, die im Wesentlichen der halben Länge der Anode (22) entspricht .4. Discharge lamp according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the cylindrical cooling section (50) has a length which corresponds to substantially half the length of the anode (22).
5. Entladungslampe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Anode (22) mit einer die Abstrahlung verbessernden Beschichtung (25), vorzugsweise mit einer Wolframpaste, beschichtet ist.5. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the anode (22) with a radiation-enhancing coating (25), preferably with a tungsten paste, coated.
6. Entladungslampe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Verbindungskanäle (38, 40) derart ausgeführt sind, das diese die Relativlage der Elektroden- halterung (18, 20), bei minimalen Pumpwiderstand im Her- stellungsverfahren, sicherstellen.6. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the connecting channels (38, 40) are designed such that they ensure the relative position of the electrode holder (18, 20), with minimal pumping resistance in the manufacturing process.
7. Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 6, wobei der Durchmesser und/oder die Länge der Verbindungskanäle (38, 40) minimiert sind.7. Discharge lamp according to claim 6, wherein the diameter and / or the length of the connecting channels (38, 40) are minimized.
8. Entladungslampe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Einschnürungen (30, 32) und den Kolbenschäften (8, 10) und im Übergangsbereich zwischen den Einschnürungen (30, 32) und dem Entladungsgefäß (4) in Bezug auf die Elektrodenhalterun- gen schräg angestellte Wandungen (46) ausgebildet sind.8. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein in the transition region between the constrictions (30, 32) and the Kolbenschäften (8, 10) and in the transition region between the constrictions (30, 32) and the discharge vessel (4) with respect to the Elektrodenhalterun - Tilted inclined walls (46) are formed.
9. Entladungslampe nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei das Entladungsgefäß (4), im Wesentlichen zwischen einer von der Anode (22) abgewandten Seite der Kathode (24) und der Einschnürung (32), einen zylinderförmigen Abschnitt (54) aufweist. 9. Discharge lamp according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the discharge vessel (4), substantially between a of the anode (22) facing away from the cathode (24) and the constriction (32), a cylindrical portion (54).
10. Entladungslampe nach Anspruch 2 bis 9, wobei am Kühlabschnitt (50) ein Pumpkanal (52) ausgebildet ist. 10. Discharge lamp according to claim 2 to 9, wherein on the cooling section (50) a pumping channel (52) is formed.
EP07821075.4A 2007-10-09 2007-10-09 Discharge lamp Active EP2198450B1 (en)

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