EP2198203A2

EP2198203A2 - Solar air power absorber

Info

Publication number: EP2198203A2
Application number: EP08835769A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Frank Schubert; Dirk Drews
Original assignee: SolarHybrid AG
Current assignee: SolarHybrid AG
Priority date: 2007-10-03
Filing date: 2008-10-03
Publication date: 2010-06-23
Also published as: WO2009043334A2; DE112008003356A5; WO2009043334A3

Abstract

The invention relates to heat supplying apparatus for heating buildings, comprising a solar panel (2) for absorbing solar power. Said heat supplying apparatus has an air heat pump (1) for absorbing thermal power from the ambient air, said air heat pump (1) being connected to the solar panel (2) to form a structural unit.

Description

Solar air energy absorber

The invention relates to a heat supply device for heating buildings with a solar collector for receiving solar energy.

The energy gained through the heat supply device can either be used directly for heating residential or office space or the heating of service water or indirectly via a heat pump, by transforming to a higher temperature level.

Thermal solar collectors are known in various embodiments. These are surface-mounted systems that expediently mount or set up outside buildings, absorb the direct solar radiation and convert the radiation and light energy into heat. The heat is transferred to pipeline-bound heat transfer media and is usually supplied to buffer storage tanks, in the form of larger water tanks, for the purpose of storing and distributing the recovered energy.

Furthermore, air heat pumps installed outside the building for heat generation are known for obtaining heat energy from the ambient air, which consist of units made up of fin heat exchangers with fans, compressors, water heat exchangers on the heat output side and fittings in a housing.

From the prior art, the so-called split system is also known in which the finned heat exchanger with fan and refrigeration fittings are housed in a separate housing for outdoor installation and the compressor with the remaining components are placed separately in another housing. Both units are connected by pipelines.

The finned heat exchanger can be flowed through directly by evaporating, latent heat receiving refrigerant or by a sensitive heat receiving medium such as water or brine. The heat absorbed by the heat pump at low outside air temperatures and compressed by the compressor is transferred to buffer storage for buffer storage and distribution, or transferred directly to the structure, primarily in underfloor heating systems.

Furthermore, solar hybrid collectors are known, which are conventional flat thermal collectors, which in addition to the main function to absorb solar radiation energy through flat radiation absorbing elements are able, as an additional function, heat energy from the outside air by means of small ventilation systems during the low-irradiation operating times on the absorber surfaces and to accommodate the conventional existing hydraulic heat transport system.

In the known solar thermal heat supply devices, of course, the useful life in which heat from direct solar radiation can be obtained due to the high system required flow temperatures for water heating systems (> 55 ⁰ C) or space heating systems (> 40 ° C), not sufficient for a self-sufficient heat supply operation , In order to be able to obtain useful heat in these conventional, direct processes, the temperatures of the so-called heat source (solar collector) must be above those of the useful temperatures.

About known buffer memory, the high-temperature recovered solar energy is cached to extend the supply time to the low-irradiation times of day. Since large long-term storage facilities would be very costly and the structural and spatial conditions are not met, in the case of energy supply in Central Europe only achieved a coverage of up to approx. 30%.

In the known air heat pump systems, heat energy from the ambient air at temperatures below that of the useful temperature is absorbed by the finned heat exchanger and brought by means of the compressor to higher temperature levels, which allow the heat flow to the Nutztemperaturniveau. The main disadvantage of heat pump systems is the relatively high consumption of expensive high energy, usually electric power, for driving the compressor. The amount of drive energy required is usually between 20% and 40% of the total amount of heat released. Conventional air heat pumps for heating applications are purely constructive according to the prior art not able to use source temperatures above 1O ⁰ C meaningful. Already in the event that the source temperatures rise above 10 ° C, the heat absorption process is analogously adjusted so that the surface of the acting as an evaporator fin exchanger is only partially used because the inflowing amounts of heat can no longer be compressed and sufficiently discharged to other systems , A heat surplus in the heat pump cycle leads to a safety shutdown to avoid self-destruction. Thus, the temperature level of the heat absorption is lowered automatically and only a reduced amount of air cooled disproportionately to achieve a use. This is very clear at higher air temperatures, for example: air temperature 25 ° C → technically necessary cooling to 10 ° C → compression to 55 ⁰ C for domestic water heating. This means that although only an original temperature difference of 30K was to be overcome, it is over the conventional heat pump process according to Example 45K. The proportion of the drive energy to be applied is proportional to the overcoming temperature difference. In the example given, for design reasons, a 30% higher drive current is needed to transform a constant amount of heat from 25 ° C to 55 ° C than it would be for a system designed for these conditions.

The thermal hybrid collectors described above are in the main function conventional thermal solar collectors with the disadvantages described. The effectiveness of the additional function, the absorption of heat energy from the ambient air, is relatively low, so that hybrid collectors in day and seasonally low-irradiation periods can not work to cover heat demand, unless it disproportionately large areas are installed, which is economical and often architectural or structural boundaries.

It is therefore the object of the invention to specify a compact heat supply device which utilizes the different potentials of use both of direct solar energy and outdoor air energy and which ensures a largely constant heat supply.

To solve this problem, in a heat supply device of the type mentioned in the introduction, an air heat pump connected in a structural unit with the solar collector for absorbing heat energy from the ambient air is proposed.

The combination of thermal solar collectors with air heat pumps results in compact, efficient heat supply devices. By combining both systems, the strength of solar thermal systems, namely the possibility of direct use of solar energy, can be gen amounts of drive energy (drive of pumps), and combine the strength of air heat pump systems, namely the possibility of recovering heat energy in low-radiation times and at low outside temperatures, synergistically. Day and seasonally different exploitation potentials of direct solar energy and outdoor air energy are used efficiently.

In an embodiment of the inventive concept, it is proposed that the solar collector forms an upper cover of the housing of the air heat pump, resulting in an upwardly rain-tight completion of the heat supply device and in particular an electrically operated fan of the laminated air heat exchanger of the air heat pump is covered and protected from external contaminants.

One embodiment provides that the solar collector envelops an upwardly closed airspace. In this airspace can be collected by the sun's warm air, whose energy can be harnessed.

It is further proposed that the solar collector is an integral part of the housing of the air heat pump or is detachably connected to the housing of the air heat pump.

It is also proposed that the heat supply device heat transfer fluid carrying pipelines for forwarding the heat absorbed by the solar collector, especially for aqueous solutions, glycol, etc. About the pipes, the heat from the outdoor installed heat supply device by connecting to other pipelines in the building or in a buffer will be forwarded within the building. In this context, it is advantageous if the solar collector has an absorber surface and the pipelines run below the absorber surface or are formed as an integral part of the absorber surface, resulting in a favorable heat transfer from the absorber surface to the heat transfer fluid.

In a further embodiment, it is proposed that a surface of optically transparent material forming the outer skin of the solar collector be provided above the absorber surface.

Furthermore, it is proposed that the heat exchanger of the air heat pump has fins and the solar collector is embedded in the fins of the heat exchanger such that the surfaces of the fins form the absorber surfaces of the solar collector. In the slats of the air heat pump and the evaporator tubes of the air source heat pump are embedded. In such an embodiment, a fusion of the solar collector results with the air heat exchanger. The fins of the air heat exchanger, which are held in particular in black color, not only serve to absorb the energy of these overflowing air, but at the same time to absorb the sun's rays impinging on them and thus to absorb solar energy. The lamellae can therefore be operated either only as solar absorption surfaces, only as overflow lamellae, or in combined operation as a combination of both. Not all fins need serve as solar absorption surfaces. Depending on the angle of incidence of the sun, it is possible that certain slats or slats areas are not exposed to solar radiation. In this context, it is advantageous if the heat transfer medium-carrying pipelines of the solar collector run through the lamellae of the air heat exchanger, in particular transversely to the surface thereof.

Furthermore, it is provided that the air heat pump has pipelines of a refrigerant circuit of a heat pump, which run through the fins of the air heat pump, in particular transversely to the surface thereof. These pipelines form the evaporator tubes of the heat pump process.

It is further proposed that the pipes run parallel to each other.

Another embodiment provides that the fins of the air heat pump are surrounded by a transparent hood. In this way, coarse, heat-impeding impurities such as leaves, paper and similar contaminants are kept away from the fins. The transparent hood also has an important mechanical protective function, e.g. against vandalism, and meets the requirements regulated by standards and laws (Machinery Directive, CE). At the same time, the solar radiation passes through the hood on the serving as absorber surfaces fin surfaces.

Of advantage in this context is an air flow advantageous embodiment in which the hood has a distance from the slats, whereby a aufheizender under the influence of solar radiation in the manner of a greenhouse interspace arises. The accumulating in this space heat is also made available on the surfaces of the finned heat exchanger and the running in the disk packs pipelines. In case of downtimes and outside the generei- len operating times of the air heat pump develop similarly high temperature, directly usable amounts of heat as in known solar collectors.

In a constructive embodiment, it is proposed that the air heat pump has an air inlet to the entry of ambient air, which is slit or lattice-shaped, so that coarse contaminants such as leaves or paper can not enter the interior of the heat supply device. Optionally, it is proposed to make the air inlet closable. At standstill of the heat pump, the air inlet can be closed, whereby an effective heat accumulation is achieved in the interior of the heat supply device. From the closure of the air inlet could continue to be used in the defrosting process of the finned evaporator, which in this case also causes a build-up of heat and thus accelerates the defrosting process and makes it possible for larger wind forces in the first place. The heat released to the ambient air during defrosting (defrost loss heat) would be largely recovered when the normal heat pump function is resumed because it can not be dissipated by the outside air.

Furthermore, it is provided that the pipes not belonging to the heat pump process form a closed circuit to which heat can be withdrawn via a heat exchanger. The circuit carries heat transfer fluid, such as glycol, which is heated at the solar collector by heat transfer from the absorber surface, then fed to the heat exchanger, cooled there and then performed for reheating in the solar collector. The heat released in the heat exchanger can be used to heat the building be made available, for example by storage in a buffer memory.

An embodiment is advantageous in which switching means are provided via which the heat exchanger can be switched out of the circuit under certain environmental conditions. This is the case, for example, when the solar temperature applied to the absorber surfaces falls below a level of about 40 ° C., since in this case the temperature of the heat transfer fluid would be too low for direct storage in the higher temperature buffer.

It is further provided that switching means are provided, by means of which the circuit with the refrigerant circuit of the heat pump can be coupled via a heat exchanger. In this way it is possible under certain environmental conditions, such as low solar temperatures as well as lower ambient air temperatures, to use the solar collector energy, despite their low temperature level nevertheless to heat the building. The heat is fed via a corresponding heat exchanger in the refrigerant circuit of the air heat pump, where it is transmitted via a compressor to the refrigerant of the refrigerant circuit of the air heat pump and is transferred there by means of a compressor to a higher temperature level.

Finally, it is proposed that at least one air temperature sensor, a solar temperature sensor and a storage level sensor are provided, which are connected to a control unit, which causes a changeover of the changeover means as a function of the detected temperatures, whereby an automatic adaptation of the heat supply device to the given environmental conditions and the heat demand in the buffer memory. Further details and advantages of a heat supply device according to the invention are explained below with the aid of the accompanying schematic drawings of exemplary embodiments. Show:

1 is a perspective view of a heat supply device,

2 shows three geometrically different embodiments of solar collectors,

3 shows three geometrically different versions of air heat pumps,

4a shows a further embodiment of a heat supply device in a perspective view,

4b is a representation corresponding to FIG. 4a with outbreaks to illustrate the internal structure of the heat supply device, FIG.

5 shows a further embodiment of a heat supply device in a side view,

6 is a sectional view through the heat supply device according to FIG. 4a, b or FIG. 5, FIG.

7 is a further sectional view through a heat supply device according to a further embodiment, 8 is a partial perspective view of a heat supply device according to another embodiment,

9 is a sectional view of the heat supply device of FIG. 8 and

10 is a circuit diagram overview.

1 shows a heat supply device 100 according to the invention, in which an outside air heat pump 1 in a compact design or the outside part of an air heat pump in a split design are combined with a solar collector 2 in a structural unit. The term air heat pump is therefore to be understood below as including both a complete air heat pump and the outer part of an air heat pump in split design.

The air heat pump 1 has a laminated air heat exchanger 1a, a fan 1b, and other not shown in Fig. 1 components, such as fittings, a housing, etc. on. Above the air heat pump 1, a roughly hemispherical designed solar collector 2 can be seen, which is designed as the upper Deckabschluss the heat pump housing of the air heat pump 1 and also serves as a shelter for the underlying fan 1b of the air heat pump 1. The solar collector 2 installed on the heat pump 1 may be designed as an integral, i. integral, formed part of the heat pump housing or may be detachably mounted on the heat pump housing.

The solar collector 2 has an absorber surface 2 a as well as a plurality of spirally or helically running pipelines 2 b which are either located inside the absorber surface 2 a or in the radiation direction. seeks below the absorber surface 2a are arranged and serve to forward the received from the direct radiation or from the outside air heat energy. The pipelines 2b are part of a heat transfer fluid, such as glycol, leading circuit K _F , which will be explained in more detail below with reference to the illustration in FIG.

The solar energy receiving surface 2a can also be designed directly as a heat carrier leading element. Above the energy absorbing surface 2a, a light and radiation permeable hood or plate is mounted as impermeable to air as possible, so that warm air which collects below the hood can not escape upwards.

The design of the heat carrier lines or the pipes 2b is either in accordance with the requirements for aqueous solar liquids and / or refrigerant as evaporator tubes.

In the embodiment in FIG. 1, the heat supply device 100 has an air heat exchanger 1 in the cylinder design below the solar collector 2 designed as a hemispherical cover. The designed as a cylindrical substructure air heat exchanger 1 is next to chassis and housing components from the outside, roller-shaped arranged laminated air heat exchanger 1a, the fan 1b, and possibly other technical components inside together. The air heat pump 1 is characterized by a, formed by the fins, very large heat exchange surface, which may extend radially from the center of the cylindrical air heat exchanger 1a or in parallel alignment. Since the thermal energy content of the air is relatively low, large areas are required, which are covered by the outside air to technically meaningful heat gains for domestic heating and dhw to enable. The air is for the purpose of said heat gain usually with one or more fans 1b conveyed mechanically over the slat air heat exchanger 1a and cooled by this. The cooling of the air over the lamellae 1a is done by the evaporation of a boiling refrigerant in the pipelines thereof, which are not shown in Fig. 1. Likewise, the same effect can be achieved by the guidance of a cooled under the temperature of the outside air aqueous heat transport medium in the pipes of the fin exchanger 1b. The heat gained is, as already described, brought to a useful, higher temperature level with the aid of a compressor.

The hemispherical attachment is technically similar to a conventional solar flat collector. The shaping outer skin consists of translucent material such as glass, Plexiglas or acrylic glass. Below the outer skin, the actual absorber surface 2a for the absorption of the radiation energy of the sun is arranged at a certain distance in the air-sealed space. The absorber surface 2a is usually colored in black and consists of material which promotes the absorption of energy. Below or as an integral part of the absorber surface 2a, a piping system 2b is fixedly connected to the absorber surface 2a. In the pipes 2b moves a heat transfer medium which the absorber surface 2a removes the heat. The heat transport medium is in conventional solar collectors usually an aqueous salt solution or a water mixture which is enriched with antifreeze. The absorbed heat is forwarded by the heat transfer medium to other components, eg buffer storage, by means of a hydraulic system. It follows that the temperature level of the heat transfer medium must be higher than the temperature of the storage water of the possible buffer storage, as the recipient of the storage meenergie to use heat according to the laws of physics. This means that in conventional solar collectors only amounts of heat with temperatures generally in the majority well above 45 ⁰ C can be used.

The invention described here is characterized in that in addition to the conventional direct use of solar energy and the heat gained by the solar collector can be used at a temperature of 45 ⁰ C. This is done by transforming the thermal energy absorbed by the solar collector with the help of the heat pump process according to the known thermodynamic principles to a higher temperature level. Said pipelines 2b can lead directly as conventional aqueous mixtures or solutions or evaporating refrigerant of the heat pump process. The latter significantly increases the efficiency of the heat pump process. It is possible according to the invention that the absorber surface 2a is equipped with a hybrid pipe system, wherein a hydraulic pipe system and a refrigerant system according to the Carnot process or as a heat pipe system (heat pipe) can be paired.

The geometries described with reference to the embodiment in Fig. 1 are not mandatory. FIG. 2 shows possible geometrical modifications of the solar collector 2, which according to variant v2a may be cylindrical, conical in accordance with variant v2b and cubic in variant v2ac. 3 shows possible geometric modifications of the air heat pump 1, which according to the variant can be cubic with a V-shaped arrangement of the lamellae, according to variants v1b and v1c can be cubic with vertically arranged lamellae, whereby one or more fans 1b are provided in each case could be. Another embodiment of the invention is shown in FIGS. 4a, b shown. In contrast to the first embodiment according to Figures 1 to 3, in which the solar collector 2 and the air heat pump 1 are functionally separated from each other, are dimensioned in the embodiment Fign. 4a, b fused both components together to form a functional unit. It can be seen that the lamellae of the lamellar air heat exchanger 1a simultaneously form an absorber surface 2a of the solar collector 2. As can also be seen in particular from the sectional illustration in FIG. 6, the surfaces of the lamellae 9 form the absorber surfaces 2 a for receiving the solar energy. For this reason, the fins 9 are held in black to achieve the most efficient absorption of solar radiation. The heat absorbed by the absorption of the solar radiation is transferred to the heat transfer fluid-carrying pipe 2b of the solar collector 2, which extends through the fins 9 therethrough, and dissipated. At the same time, the heat energy transferred to the heat transfer fluid of the pipeline 2b is transferred to the ambient air by the flow around the fins 9. This heat transfer fluid is an aqueous salt solution or a water mixture.

In addition to the pipes 2b, the pipes 2c of the refrigerant circuit required for the operation of the air heat pump 1 are also contained in the fins 9, in which a refrigerant boiling at low temperatures is conducted. The pipes 2b and 2c are parallel to each other and pass vertically through the surfaces of the fins 9 therethrough. The lamellae 9 are arranged in an annular shape in an oblong shape in a radial orientation, resulting in an overall hollow cylindrical structure, in the center of which the ventilator 1b is arranged. In contrast to the embodiment of FIG. 1, in which the fan 1 b is arranged above the slats and the air is conveyed from top to bottom by generating an overpressure on the slats, the fan 1b generates in the embodiment of FIG. 4, a negative pressure , via which the ambient air is conveyed via the fins 9.

Overall, both a solar energy as well as energy from the ambient air absorbing element, in principle, a solar-air energy absorber.

In Fig. 4b, the compressor 7 can also be seen, through which the refrigerant guided in the pipes 2c compressed and thus can be transformed in a heat pump process to a higher temperature level.

In the Fign. 4a, b further shown is a hood 3 made of transparent material, such as glass, Plexiglas or similar materials, which is slipped over the solar collector 2 and the fins 9 of the Luftwär- mepumpe 1. The hood 3 has a distance a with respect to the slats 9, so that an annular space 4 is formed, which heats up under the influence of solar radiation in the manner of a greenhouse. The available in the space air heat passes through the fins 9 and in the area between the fins 9 directly on the pipes 2b and 2c and thus on the guided in these media over.

On the side of the housing, an air inlet 5 is provided, via which air from the environment enters the interior of the hood 3 and, due to the negative pressure generated by the fan 1b, is guided over the surface of the lamellae 9. To ensure efficient overflow mung of the slats, viewed in the inflow direction behind the air inlet 5, a baffle 18 is provided, which initially deflects the incoming air tangentially into the annular space 4, from where they then radially corresponding to the generated in the center of the arrangement on the fan 1b negative and is conveyed downwards along the surface of the lamellae 9, cf. Fig. 6.

Alternatively, it is also possible to provide a plurality of air inlets 5 distributed over the circumference of the heat supply device, such as, for example, FIG. 7 shows a symmetrical arrangement of two, opposing air inlets 5.

As the figures in Fig. 5 and 6 show, the air inlet 5 is provided with roller blind or blind-like closing elements 10, via which the air inlet 5 can be closed. Basically, the arrangement of closing elements is functionally not required, but improves the performance. However, the air inlet 5 should at least be provided with a weather protection grid. The provided in the lower part of the heat supply device Luftaus- outlet 11 with lamellar elements designed as weather protection. According to the embodiment in FIGS. 4a, b may alternatively be provided a grid. In order to minimize maintenance, the air outlet may be provided with closing elements 10. During the stoppage phases of the heat pump, the entry of impurities, vermin and dust is thus prevented. Furthermore, the air inlet 5 may be provided with a mesh screen as a filter element against coarse impurities carried in the intake air flow.

In the embodiments according to FIGS. 4a, 4b and 5, the solar collector 2 is arranged not only in the region of the fins 9 of the air heat exchanger 1, but the solar absorption surface is by a hemispherical solar collector region 19, which in turn forms a top cover of the housing 24 of the air heat pump 1 similar to the representation in FIG. The pipes 2b passing through the fins 9 are flow-connected to the pipes 2b of the solar collector region 19. By providing the area 19, an air space 8, in which ambient air heated by the sun is obtained, can be obtained below the pipelines 2b provided in this area.

In the figures 8 and 9, an embodiment is shown in which not only a fan 1b, but a plurality of superimposed fans 1b convey the ambient air over the fins 9.

The mode of operation of the heat supply device 100 according to the invention is explained below with the aid of the diagrammatic overview in FIG. 10.

As can be seen from FIG. 10 in the left part, the conduits 2b carrying the aqueous heat transfer fluid form a closed circuit K _F. The circuit KF leads in the manner shown in Figures 4 to 9, which is shown in Fig. 10 simplified for reasons of clarity, driven by the fins 9 and the absorber section 19 via a pump 20 to a heat exchanger 12. In the heat exchanger 12th it is a multiple heat exchanger, such as a multi-plate heat exchanger. As it flows through the heat exchanger 12, the heat transfer fluid transfers its heat to a useful water circuit KN, via which the heat is then fed via a pump 22 to a buffer storage 21, from which the heat is available for heating the building or for heating process water stands. After passing through the heat exchanger 12, the subsequently cooled heat transfer fluid passes back into the heat supply device 100 and passes through the fins 9 and the absorber section 19 again.

The above-described mode of operation is always used when the heat absorbed by the solar radiation is at a temperature level which is sufficient for feeding into the buffer memory 21. This temperature can be assumed, for example at 40 ° C. If the temperature applied to the solar absorption surfaces falls below the value of, for example, 40 ° C., the temperature is lower than that of the buffer store 21, so that it is not possible to feed the heat absorbed by the solar cycle KF directly into the latter.

In the event that the temperature at the absorber surface falls below a critical value determined by the control technology, switching means 13 are therefore provided which deflect the course of the heat transfer fluid conducted in the pipes 2b in such a way that it is no longer guided through the heat exchanger 12. The deflection of the heat transfer fluid flow in the pipes 2b below a solar temperature of for example 40 ⁰ C can be done in different ways depending on the temperature of the ambient air, which will be explained below.

In a relatively high temperature range of the ambient air of eg 7 to 20 ° C and insufficient temperature at the absorber surface is blocked by the embodiment designed as a three-way valve Umstellmittel 13 13 the flow to the heat exchanger 12, and the heat transfer fluid in the direction of the dashed arrows directly through the heat supply device 100 or the slats 9 and the Solar collector area 19 headed. In this mode of operation, the lines 2b of the solar circuit KF and the lines 2c of the refrigerant-carrying air-heat pump circuit K _{κ form} a kind of heat exchanger with one another. The heat-transfer fluid flowing in the pipelines 2b absorbs heat in particular in the area of the collector section 19, in which ambient air heated by solar radiation accumulates on the sections of the tubes 2b extending in this area. The heat absorbed there is then supplied to the refrigerant circuit K _{κ of} the air heat pump 1 when passing through the fins 9 via the fins 9.

At even lower ambient air temperatures in the range of e.g. 2 to 7 ° C., the flow of the heat transfer fluid in the pipelines 2b is deflected via the changeover element 13 in accordance with the course shown in dotted lines in FIG. In this case, the heat absorbed in the heat supply device 100 is supplied via a heat exchanger 17 to the refrigerant circuit KK. This mode of operation also comes into consideration in heat supply devices 100 with lamellae exposed and thus exposed to the wind.

At ambient air temperatures in the range of eg - 2 to 20 ⁰ C, air is conveyed via the fins 9 of the air heat exchanger. As a result, heat energy is introduced into the refrigerant circuit K _κ , which can be supplemented as a function of the solar temperatures, as described above, via the solar cycle K _F. The circuit K _κ is a heat pump cycle in which a refrigerant in the pipe sections of the fins 9 evaporates or boils when the ambient air flows over, then compressed via a compressor 23 and thus to higher temperatures is brought, then sufficient to charge the buffer memory 21 via the heat exchanger 12.

The switching of the switching means 13 is fully automatic, including solar temperature sensors 14 determine the temperature of the solar radiation absorbing surfaces of the solar collector 2 and air temperature sensors 15 are operatively connected to detect the ambient air temperature via a control element 16 with the switching means 13. Furthermore, the energy level in the buffer memory is monitored by the control technology as a criterion for triggering a changeover. Secondarily, a number of other measurement data are permanently evaluated in order to always set an economically favorable operating mode.

The inventive arrangement of the various system components allows a good utilization of the natural potential of direct solar energy and outdoor air energy in a compact design device. In daily or seasonal supply times with too little or no solar radiation energy, only the outdoor air heat pump 1 provides the required heat energy. In times of supply with low solar radiation, the air heat pump 1 is effectively relieved by the additional gain of solar heat. By means of additional refrigerant evaporation in the solar collector 2, this is over-cooled relative to the ambient air. Due to the self-adjusting temperature difference, on the one hand heat from the ambient air is absorbed and on the other hand the existing radiation supply is used in a technically meaningful way. The supercooling of the collector surfaces results in a higher negative radiation potential. An example Temperatures offer according to a corresponding low irradiation of 30 ° C at the collector can on the Heat pump higher transformed to be used as far as possible, which would otherwise not be possible. In continuation of the given example, the outside air may have a temperature of 7 ° C which sets a possible evaporation temperature of the Carnot process of -3 ⁰ C. The supply of the heat obtained in the solar collector 2 raises the evaporation temperature and thus the efficiency of the heat pump process significantly, for example to 1 ⁰ C. This causes according to conventional calculation method with constant power consumption of the compressor by 10% to 15% higher heat output. The above-described state of hybrid use of both subsystems is to be found over a large part of the annual operating times. Thus, on the one hand, the supply time and the energy yield of the thermal solar system with the support of the heat pump extended and on the other hand, the efficiency of the air heat pump is effectively increased by means of the solar system.

Another advantage of the invention is the possibility of direct solar use of solar radiation. By means of control engineering detection of a usable temperature level applied to the solar collector, the recovered heat energy is passed on directly to the buffer storage tank or to other energy consumers by means of control technology by means of a heat transfer medium. This only requires the energy of the circulation pumps. The expensive energy for driving the compressor is thus eliminated with sufficiently high solar power.

Overall, results from the described operation a very high efficiency in the use of renewable solar energy and outdoor air energy for the purpose of living space heating and for domestic water heating during all day and seasons. Reference numerals:

1 air heat pump

1a laminated air heat exchanger

1 b fan

2 solar collector

2a absorber surface

2b pipeline

2c pipe

3 hood

4 space

5 air intake

6 air outlet

7 compressor

8 airspace

9 lamella

10 closing element

11 air outlet

12 heat exchangers

13 changeover means

14 solar sensor

15 air sensor

16 control

17 heat exchangers

18 baffle plate

19 absorber section

20 pump

21 buffer memory

22 pump 23 compressor

24 housing

100 heat supply device

a distance

v2a Variant v2b Variant v2c Variant

via Variant v1b Variant v1c Variant

KF circulation

KK circulation

K _N utility water cycle

Claims

claims

1. A heat supply device for heating buildings with a solar collector (2) for receiving solar energy, e e c e n e d d e r c h in an integrated unit with the solar collector (2) connected air heat pump (1) for receiving heat energy from the ambient air.

2. Heat supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that the solar collector (2) has an upper

Deckabschluss a housing (24) of the air heat pump (1).

3. Heat supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that the solar collector (2) encloses an upwardly closed air space (8).

4. Heat supply device according to claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that the solar collector (2) an integral part of the housing (24) of the air heat pump

(1) is or is detachably connected to the housing (24) of the air heat pump (1).

5. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by heat transfer fluid-carrying pipelines (2b) for forwarding the of the solar collector

(2) absorbed heat.

6. Heat supply device according to claim 5, characterized in that the solar collector (2) has an absorber surface (2a) and that the pipes (2b) below the Absorber surface (2a) extend or are formed as an integral part of the absorber surface (2a).

7. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that above the absorber surface (2 a), the outer skin of the solar collector (2) forming surface is provided from optically transparent material.

8. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air heat pump (1) slats (9) and the solar collector (2) in such a way

Lamellae (9) of the air heat pump (1) is embedded, that form the surfaces of the lamellae (9) absorber surfaces (2a) of the solar collector (2).

9. Heat supply device according to claim 8, characterized in that the pipes (2b) through the slats

(9) of the air heat exchanger (1), in particular transverse to the surface run.

10. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air heat pump (1) has pipelines (2c) of a refrigerant circuit passing through the lamellae (9) of the air heat pump (1), in particular transversely to its surface.

11. Heat supply device according to claim 9 and claim 10, characterized in that the pipes (2b, 2c) extend parallel to each other.

12. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the lamellae (9) of the Air heat pump (1) by a transparent hood (3) are surrounded.

13. A heat supply device according to claim 12, characterized in that the hood (3) has a distance (a) relative to the slats (9), whereby a heating up under the influence of solar radiation in the manner of a greenhouse intermediate space (4).

14. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the air heat pump (1) has an air inlet (5) for the entry of ambient air, which is formed slit or lattice-shaped.

15. Heat supply device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pipes (2b) form a closed circuit (Kp), which is heat-extractable via a heat exchanger (12).

16. Heat supply device according to claim 15, characterized by switching means (13), via which the heat exchanger (12) under certain environmental conditions from the circuit (K _F ) can be switched out.

17. Heat supply device according to claim 15 and / or 16, characterized by switching means (13) by means of which the circuit (K _F ) with a the pipes (2c) of the air heat pump (1) flowing through the refrigerant circuit (KK) can be coupled via a heat exchanger.

18. Heat supply device according to claim 16 and / or 17, characterized by an air temperature sensor (15) and a solar temperature sensor (14) connected to a control unit (16). are connected, which causes a change of the switching means (13) in dependence of the detected temperatures.