EP2189625A1 - Hybrid component for a gas-turbine engine - Google Patents

Hybrid component for a gas-turbine engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2189625A1
EP2189625A1 EP20090176082 EP09176082A EP2189625A1 EP 2189625 A1 EP2189625 A1 EP 2189625A1 EP 20090176082 EP20090176082 EP 20090176082 EP 09176082 A EP09176082 A EP 09176082A EP 2189625 A1 EP2189625 A1 EP 2189625A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
intermediate layer
hybrid component
metal structure
support structure
component according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP20090176082
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German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Karl Schreiber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG filed Critical Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Publication of EP2189625A1 publication Critical patent/EP2189625A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/147—Construction, i.e. structural features, e.g. of weight-saving hollow blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/14—Form or construction
    • F01D5/16—Form or construction for counteracting blade vibration
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
    • F01D5/282—Selecting composite materials, e.g. blades with reinforcing filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/02—Selection of particular materials
    • F04D29/023—Selection of particular materials especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/324—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/38—Blades
    • F04D29/388—Blades characterised by construction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05D2230/20—Manufacture essentially without removing material
    • F05D2230/23—Manufacture essentially without removing material by permanently joining parts together
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/40—Organic materials
    • F05D2300/43—Synthetic polymers, e.g. plastics; Rubber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05D2300/603—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/269—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension including synthetic resin or polymer layer or component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31605—Next to free metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a hybrid component, in particular a fan or guide vane for a gas turbine engine, comprising a support structure consisting of a fiber composite material and a metal structure fixedly connected thereto.
  • the fan blades of a fan gas turbine engine are exposed to considerable loads by centrifugal forces, gas pressure and vibrations excited by the flowing medium.
  • a particular problem in this case is the impact of foreign bodies, such as birds, impacting on the blades.
  • the supporting structure consisting of the fiber composite material is connected to a metal structure or surrounded by a metallic enveloping structure.
  • the intimate connection between the support structure and the enveloping structure is effected by a bias of the pressure and the suction side cover plate and by gluing the support structure with the inner surfaces of the cover plates.
  • the invention has for its object to develop hybrid components such as fan blades or vanes with high damage tolerance and long life for a gas turbine engine,
  • the basic idea of the invention resides in a hybrid component, in particular used as a fan or guide vane for a gas turbine engine, with a support structure consisting of a fiber composite material and a metal structure connected to it, in that the support structure is intimately connected to the metal structure via a thin intermediate layer of highly elastic material is. Due to the high elasticity of the intermediate layer on the one hand a secure adhesion to the support and metal structure and their fixed connection with each other via the intermediate layer is ensured. The different expansion behavior of the fiber composite material and of the metal under the influence of temperature is compensated by the highly elastic material of the intermediate layer and vibrations of the component occurring in the operating state are absorbed by the elastic material and thus damped. The detachment of the metal structure from the support structure is therefore prevented.
  • Another life-enhancing effect of the elastic intermediate layer is that a point load acting on the component caused by an impacting foreign matter is not transferred to the support structure in a punctiform and high intensity, but the point load is converted into a surface load by the highly elastic intermediate layer and thereby the risk of damage to the support structure is significantly reduced by cracking.
  • the intermediate layer consists of a thermoplastic polyurethane, which is characterized by its rubber-elastic properties, good adhesion and a good vibration behavior.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane is firmly bonded to the inner surface of the metal structure by injection molding or coating with a mold.
  • the connection of the support structure with the intermediate layer takes place by means of an adhesive or during the production of the support structure directly with the freshly infiltrated into the fiber layers plastic.
  • the exposed to high heat load areas of parts to be welded together of the metal structure are not covered with the elastic intermediate layer, so as to prevent damage to the weld by the exposed at welding a very high temperature thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably in the range between 0.1 and 1.5 mm.
  • the fan blade 1 shown by way of example in the drawing comprises a fibrous composite supporting structure 2 and a metal structure 3, in this case a metallic shell structure consisting of a blade leading edge forming molding 4 made of solid material and a suction-side cover plate 5 and a pressure-side cover plate 6.
  • the two cover plates 5, 6 are connected to each other via welds 6 with the fitting 4 and at the trailing edge of the fan blade 1.
  • the inner surfaces of the two cover sheets 5, 6 are coated with a - in the present embodiment 1mm thick - highly elastic intermediate layer 7 made of thermoplastic polyurethane. Except for the area lying in the immediate vicinity of the welds 8 area the inner surface of the metal structure 3 is fully coated with the thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • thermoplastic polyurethane By releasing the welding seam near In areas such as weld quality is impaired by highly heated thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the fiber composite supporting structure 2 of the fan blade is fixedly connected to the coated inner surfaces of the metal structure 3 by means of an adhesive or plastic infiltrated into the fiber material.
  • the application of the intermediate layer 7 on the cover plates 5, 6 takes place either by injection molding or by pressing and distributing the present as a plastic mass thermoplastic polyurethane with a mold whose contour with the contour of the inner surface of the cover plate 5, 6 is identical.
  • the intermediate layer 7 of the highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane Due to its high elasticity, the intermediate layer 7 of the highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane on the one hand ensures an intimate and firm connection between the metal structure 3 and the support structure 2 made of fiber composite material, so that delamination phenomena are largely prevented. A release of the connection between the metal structure 3 and support structure 2 due to vibrations of the fan blade (or the relevant component) in operation is prevented by the vibration-damping effect of the highly elastic intermediate layer 7.
  • the differential expansion of the metal structure 3 and of the fiber composite material support structure 2 is compensated by the intermediate layer 7 of thermoplastic polyurethane.
  • the point load is converted according to arrow 9 in the intermediate layer 7 due to the elastic properties of the thermoplastic urethane in a surface load 10, so that the risk of cracking in the support structure 2 can be reduced.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

The hybrid component is provided with a fiber composite material support structure (2) and a metal structure (3). The support structure is intimately connected with the metal structure by a thin intermediate layer (7) from highly elastic material. The intermediate layer consists of thermoplastic polyurethane.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein hybrides Bauteil, insbesondere eine Fan- oder Leitschaufel für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk, das eine aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehende Tragstruktur und eine mit dieser fest verbundene Metallstruktur umfasst.The invention relates to a hybrid component, in particular a fan or guide vane for a gas turbine engine, comprising a support structure consisting of a fiber composite material and a metal structure fixedly connected thereto.

Insbesondere die Fanschaufeln eines Fan-Gasturbinentriebwerks sind durch Fliehkräfte, Gasdruck und von dem strömenden Medium angeregte Schwingungen erheblichen Belastungen ausgesetzt. Ein besonderes Problem stellen dabei die durch auf die Schaufeln auftreffende Fremdkörper, beispielsweise Vögel, erzeugten Schlagwirkungen dar.In particular, the fan blades of a fan gas turbine engine are exposed to considerable loads by centrifugal forces, gas pressure and vibrations excited by the flowing medium. A particular problem in this case is the impact of foreign bodies, such as birds, impacting on the blades.

Beispielsweise aus der DE 10 2006 061 915 A1 sind bereits aus einem Faserverbundmaterial bestehenden Fanschaufeln bekannt, die zum einen ein geringes Gewicht aufweisen und zum anderen über eine hohe spezifische Festigkeit und eine hohe Eigendämpfung zur Vermeidung von Schwingungen verfügen. Zur Erzielung einer ausreichenden Erosionsbeständigkeit und einer hohen Schlagfestigkeit gegenüber auf die Schaufeln auftreffenden Fremdkörpern, beispielsweise Vögeln, ist die aus dem Faserverbundmaterial bestehende Tragstruktur mit einer Metallstruktur verbunden bzw. von einer metallischen Hüllstruktur umgeben. Die innige Verbindung zwischen der Tragstruktur und der Hüllstruktur erfolgt durch eine Vorspannung des druck- und des saugseitigen Deckblechs und durch Verkleben der Tragstruktur mit den Innenflächen der Deckbleche. Diese Art der Ausbildung der Fanschaufeln, die gleichermaßen auch bei den Fanschaufeln nachgeschalteten Leitschaufeln angewendet werden kann, soll für eine sichere Verbindung zwischen der Trag- und der Hüllstruktur sorgen und eine durch Delaminationserscheinungen bedingte Verringerung der Lebensdauer der Schaufeln verhindern. Dennoch kann es durch Schwingungen und das unterschiedliche Ausdehnungsverhalten des Faserverbundwerkstoffs und des metallischen Materials zur Ablösung der Tragstruktur von der Hüllstruktur kommen. Zudem bewirken auf die metallische Hüllstruktur auftreffende Fremdkörper eine hohe Belastung der Tragstruktur, die zur Rissbildung und einer damit verbundenen Verringerung der Lebensdauer der Schaufeln führen kann.For example, from the DE 10 2006 061 915 A1 are already made of a fiber composite existing fan blades, which on the one hand have a low weight and on the other hand have a high specific strength and high internal damping to prevent vibration. In order to achieve a sufficient erosion resistance and a high impact resistance against foreign bodies, for example birds, which impact on the blades, the supporting structure consisting of the fiber composite material is connected to a metal structure or surrounded by a metallic enveloping structure. The intimate connection between the support structure and the enveloping structure is effected by a bias of the pressure and the suction side cover plate and by gluing the support structure with the inner surfaces of the cover plates. This type of training of fan blades, which can be applied equally well in the fan blades downstream vanes, to ensure a secure connection between the support and the envelope structure and a prevent delamination due to reduction in the life of the blades. Nevertheless, vibrations and the different expansion behavior of the fiber composite material and of the metallic material for detaching the support structure from the enveloping structure may occur. In addition, foreign bodies impinging on the metallic enveloping structure cause a high load on the supporting structure, which can lead to the formation of cracks and a concomitant reduction in the service life of the blades.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, hybride Bauteile wie Fanschaufeln oder Leitschaufeln mit hoher Schadenstoleranz und langer Lebensdauer für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk zu entwickeln,The invention has for its object to develop hybrid components such as fan blades or vanes with high damage tolerance and long life for a gas turbine engine,

Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe mit einem gemäß den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 ausgebildeten hybriden Bauteil gelöst. Zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.According to the invention the object is achieved with a trained according to the features of claim 1 hybrid component. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht bei einem hybriden, insbesondere als Fan- oder Leitschaufel für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk eingesetzten Bauteil mit einer aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehende Tragstruktur und einer mit dieser verbundenen Metallstruktur darin, dass die Tragstruktur mit der Metallstruktur über eine dünne Zwischenschicht aus hochelastischen Material innig verbunden ist. Aufgrund der hohen Elastizität der Zwischenschicht ist zum einen eine sichere Haftung an der Trag- und Metallstruktur und deren miteinander feste Verbindung über die Zwischenschicht gewährleistet. Das unter Temperatureinfluss unterschiedliche Ausdehnungsverhalten des Faserverbundmaterials und des Metalls wird durch das hochelastische Material der Zwischenschicht ausgeglichen und im Betriebszustand auftretende Schwingungen des Bauteils werden von dem elastischen Material aufgenommen und somit gedämpft. Das Ablösen der Metallstruktur von der Tragstruktur wird daher verhindert. Eine weitere lebensdauererhöhende Wirkung der elastischen Zwischenschicht besteht darin, dass eine auf das Bauteil wirkende Punktlast, die durch einen auftreffenden Fremdkörper erzeugt wird, nicht punktförmig und mit hoher Intensität auf die Tragstruktur übertragen wird, sondern dass die Punktlast durch die hochelastische Zwischenschicht in eine Flächenlast umgewandelt wird und dadurch die Gefahr einer Schädigung der Tragstruktur durch Rissbildung deutlich verringert wird.The basic idea of the invention resides in a hybrid component, in particular used as a fan or guide vane for a gas turbine engine, with a support structure consisting of a fiber composite material and a metal structure connected to it, in that the support structure is intimately connected to the metal structure via a thin intermediate layer of highly elastic material is. Due to the high elasticity of the intermediate layer on the one hand a secure adhesion to the support and metal structure and their fixed connection with each other via the intermediate layer is ensured. The different expansion behavior of the fiber composite material and of the metal under the influence of temperature is compensated by the highly elastic material of the intermediate layer and vibrations of the component occurring in the operating state are absorbed by the elastic material and thus damped. The detachment of the metal structure from the support structure is therefore prevented. Another life-enhancing effect of the elastic intermediate layer is that a point load acting on the component caused by an impacting foreign matter is not transferred to the support structure in a punctiform and high intensity, but the point load is converted into a surface load by the highly elastic intermediate layer and thereby the risk of damage to the support structure is significantly reduced by cracking.

Gemäß einem weiteren wichtigen Merkmal der Erfindung besteht die Zwischenschicht aus einem thermoplastischen Polyurethan, das sich durch seine gummielastischen Eigenschaften, gute Haftung und ein gutes Schwingungsverhalten auszeichnet.According to another important feature of the invention, the intermediate layer consists of a thermoplastic polyurethane, which is characterized by its rubber-elastic properties, good adhesion and a good vibration behavior.

Das thermoplastische Polyurethan wird durch Spritzgießen oder Beschichten mit einem Formwerkzeug fest mit der Innenfläche der Metallstruktur verbunden. Die Verbindung der Tragstruktur mit der Zwischenschicht erfolgt durch ein Klebemittel oder während der Herstellung der Tragstruktur unmittelbar mit dem frisch in die Faserlagen infiltrierten Kunststoff.The thermoplastic polyurethane is firmly bonded to the inner surface of the metal structure by injection molding or coating with a mold. The connection of the support structure with the intermediate layer takes place by means of an adhesive or during the production of the support structure directly with the freshly infiltrated into the fiber layers plastic.

Gemäß einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung sind die einer hohen Wärmebelastung ausgesetzten Bereiche von miteinander zu verschweißenden Teilen der Metallstruktur nicht mit der elastischen Zwischenschicht belegt, um so eine Schädigung der Schweißnaht durch das beim Schweißen einer sehr hohen Temperatur ausgesetzte thermoplastische Polyurethan zu verhindern.According to a further feature of the invention, the exposed to high heat load areas of parts to be welded together of the metal structure are not covered with the elastic intermediate layer, so as to prevent damage to the weld by the exposed at welding a very high temperature thermoplastic polyurethane.

In Ausgestaltung der Erfindung liegt die Dicke der Zwischenschicht vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 0,1 und 1,5 mm.In an embodiment of the invention, the thickness of the intermediate layer is preferably in the range between 0.1 and 1.5 mm.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der Zeichnung, in der

Fig. 1
eine Schnittansicht des Schaufelblattes einer Fanschaufel;
Fig. 2
eine vergrößerte Darstellung des Übergangsbereichs zwischen der Hüll- und der Tragstruktur; und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Darstellung der Lastverteilung beim Auftreffen eines Fremdkörpers auf die metallische Hüllstruktur einer Fanschaufel
zeigt, näher erläutert.An embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to the drawing, in which
Fig. 1
a sectional view of the airfoil of a fan blade;
Fig. 2
an enlarged view of the transition region between the envelope and the support structure; and
Fig. 3
a schematic representation of the load distribution upon impact of a foreign body on the metallic envelope structure of a fan blade
shows, explained in more detail.

Die in der Zeichnung beispielhaft dargestellte Fanschaufel 1 umfasst eine aus Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehende Tragstruktur 2 und eine Metallstruktur 3, hier eine metallische Hüllstruktur, die aus einem die Schaufelvorderkante bildenden Formstück 4 aus massivem Material sowie einem saugseitigen Deckblech 5 und einem druckseitigen Deckblech 6 besteht. Die beiden Deckbleche 5, 6 sind über Schweißnähte 6 mit dem Formstück 4 und an der Hinterkante der Fanschaufel 1 miteinander verbunden. Die Innenflächen der beiden Deckbleche 5, 6 sind mit einer - in der vorliegenden Ausführungsform 1mm dicken - hochelastischen Zwischenschicht 7 aus thermoplastischem Polyurethan beschichtet. Bis auf den in unmittelbarer Nähe der Schweißnähte 8 liegenden Bereich ist die Innenfläche der Metallstruktur 3 vollflächig mit dem thermoplastischen Polyurethan beschichtet. Durch das Freilassen der schweißnahtnahen Bereiche wird eine Beeinträchtigung der Schweißnahtqualität durch hocherhitztes thermoplastisches Polyurethan vermieden. Die aus Faserverbundmaterial bestehende Tragstruktur 2 der Fanschaufel ist mit den beschichteten Innenflächen der Metallstruktur 3 mittels eines Klebers oder dem in das Fasermaterial infiltrierten Kunststoff fest verbunden. Das Aufbringen der Zwischenschicht 7 auf die Deckbleche 5, 6 erfolgt entweder durch Spritzgießen oder durch Aufpressen und Verteilen des als plastische Masse vorliegenden thermoplastischen Polyurethans mit einem Formwerkzeug, dessen Kontur mit der Kontur der Innenfläche des betreffenden Deckblechs 5, 6 identisch ist.The fan blade 1 shown by way of example in the drawing comprises a fibrous composite supporting structure 2 and a metal structure 3, in this case a metallic shell structure consisting of a blade leading edge forming molding 4 made of solid material and a suction-side cover plate 5 and a pressure-side cover plate 6. The two cover plates 5, 6 are connected to each other via welds 6 with the fitting 4 and at the trailing edge of the fan blade 1. The inner surfaces of the two cover sheets 5, 6 are coated with a - in the present embodiment 1mm thick - highly elastic intermediate layer 7 made of thermoplastic polyurethane. Except for the area lying in the immediate vicinity of the welds 8 area the inner surface of the metal structure 3 is fully coated with the thermoplastic polyurethane. By releasing the welding seam near In areas such as weld quality is impaired by highly heated thermoplastic polyurethane. The fiber composite supporting structure 2 of the fan blade is fixedly connected to the coated inner surfaces of the metal structure 3 by means of an adhesive or plastic infiltrated into the fiber material. The application of the intermediate layer 7 on the cover plates 5, 6 takes place either by injection molding or by pressing and distributing the present as a plastic mass thermoplastic polyurethane with a mold whose contour with the contour of the inner surface of the cover plate 5, 6 is identical.

Die Zwischenschicht 7 aus dem hochelastischen thermoplastischen Polyurethan sorgt aufgrund ihrer hohen Elastizität zum einen für eine innige und feste Verbindung zwischen der Metallstruktur 3 und der Tragstruktur 2 aus Faserverbundmaterial, so dass Delaminationserscheinungen weitestgehend verhindert werden. Ein Lösen der Verbindung zwischen Metallstruktur 3 und Tragstruktur 2 aufgrund von Schwingungen der Fanschaufel (bzw. des betreffenden Bauteils) im Betrieb wird durch die schwingungsdämpfende Wirkung der hochelastischen Zwischenschicht 7 verhindert.Due to its high elasticity, the intermediate layer 7 of the highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane on the one hand ensures an intimate and firm connection between the metal structure 3 and the support structure 2 made of fiber composite material, so that delamination phenomena are largely prevented. A release of the connection between the metal structure 3 and support structure 2 due to vibrations of the fan blade (or the relevant component) in operation is prevented by the vibration-damping effect of the highly elastic intermediate layer 7.

Der mit der Schwingungsdämpfung einhergehende Energieabbau und die dadurch bedingte Temperaturerhöhung haben ein infolge Spannungsrelaxation des hochelastischen thermoplastischen Polyurethans bedingtes Absinken von Spannungen zur Folge.The associated with the vibration damping energy dissipation and the consequent increase in temperature have a result of stress relaxation of the highly elastic thermoplastic polyurethane conditional decrease in tension result.

Die unterschiedliche Ausdehnung der Metallstruktur 3 und der aus dem Faserverbundmaterial bestehenden Tragstruktur 2 wird durch die Zwischenschicht 7 aus thermoplastischem Polyurethan ausgeglichen. Bei einer gemäß Fig. 3 durch einen auf die Metallstruktur 3 bzw. ein Deckblech 6 auftreffenden Fremdkörper ausgeübten - lokal begrenzten - Schlagwirkung wird die Punktlast gemäß Pfeil 9 in der Zwischenschicht 7 aufgrund der elastischen Eigenschaften des thermoplastischen Urethans in eine Flächenlast 10 umgewandelt, so dass die Gefahr einer Rissbildung in der Tragstruktur 2 verringert werden kann.The differential expansion of the metal structure 3 and of the fiber composite material support structure 2 is compensated by the intermediate layer 7 of thermoplastic polyurethane. In accordance with Fig. 3 by a foreign body impacting on the metal structure 3 or a cover plate 6 - locally limited - Impact, the point load is converted according to arrow 9 in the intermediate layer 7 due to the elastic properties of the thermoplastic urethane in a surface load 10, so that the risk of cracking in the support structure 2 can be reduced.

Aufgrund des Zusammenspiels der vielfältigen Wirkungen der innig mit der Metallstruktur 3 und der Tragstruktur 2 verbundenen hochelastischen Zwischenschicht 7 werden letztlich die Schadenstoleranz und die Lebensdauer des hybriden Bauteils, hier der Fanschaufel 1, deutlich erhöht.Due to the interplay of the diverse effects of the highly elastic intermediate layer 7, which is intimately connected to the metal structure 3 and the support structure 2, the damage tolerance and service life of the hybrid component, in this case the fan blade 1, are significantly increased.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Fanschaufelfan blade
22
Tragstruktursupporting structure
33
Metallstruktur, metallische HüllstrukturMetal structure, metallic shell structure
44
Formstück v. 3Fitting v. 3
55
Saugseitiges Deckblech v. 3Suction-side cover plate v. 3
66
Druckseitiges Deckblech v. 3Pressure side cover v. 3
77
Hochelastische Zwischenschicht (thermoplastische Polyurethan)Highly elastic intermediate layer (thermoplastic polyurethane)
88th
SchweißnahtWeld
99
Punktlastpoint load
1010
Flächenlastdistributed load

Claims (6)

Hybrides Bauteil, insbesondere eine Fan- oder Leitschaufel für ein Gasturbinentriebwerk, das eine aus einem Faserverbundwerkstoff bestehende Tragstruktur und eine mit dieser fest verbundene Metallstruktur umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragstruktur (2) mit der Metallstruktur (3) über eine dünne Zwischenschicht (7) aus hochelastischen Material innig verbunden ist.A hybrid component, in particular a fan or guide vane for a gas turbine engine, which comprises a fiber composite material supporting structure and a metal structure firmly connected thereto, characterized in that the support structure (2) with the metal structure (3) via a thin intermediate layer (7 ) is intimately connected from highly elastic material. Hybrides Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zwischenschicht (7) aus einem thermoplastischen Polyurethan besteht, das durch Spritzgießen oder Beschichten mit einem Formwerkzeug fest mit der der Tragstruktur (2) zugewandten Innenfläche der Metallstruktur (3) verbunden ist.Hybrid component according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate layer (7) consists of a thermoplastic polyurethane, which is connected by injection molding or coating with a molding tool fixed to the support structure (2) facing the inner surface of the metal structure (3). Hybrides Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tragstruktur (2) mit der hochelastischen Zwischenschicht (7) durch eine Klebemittel verbunden ist.Hybrid component according to claim 1, characterized in that the support structure (2) is connected to the highly elastic intermediate layer (7) by an adhesive. Hybrides Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Traggerüst (2) mit der Zwischenschicht (7) über den beim Herstellen des Faserverbundwerkstoffs frisch infiltrierten Kunststoff verbunden ist.Hybrid component according to claim 1, characterized in that the support frame (2) is connected to the intermediate layer (7) via the freshly infiltrated during the manufacture of the fiber composite material plastic. Hybrides Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass einer hohen Wärmebelastung ausgesetzte Bereiche von miteinander zu verschweißenden Teilen der Metallstruktur (3) nicht mit der elastischen Zwischenschicht belegt sind.Hybrid component according to claim 1, characterized in that exposed to high heat load areas of parts to be welded together of the metal structure (3) are not covered with the elastic intermediate layer. Hybrides Bauteil nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Dicke der Zwischenschicht (7) etwa 0,1 bis 1,5 mm beträgt.Hybrid component according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the intermediate layer (7) is about 0.1 to 1.5 mm.
EP20090176082 2008-11-24 2009-11-16 Hybrid component for a gas-turbine engine Withdrawn EP2189625A1 (en)

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