EP2180587A2 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stromversorgung - Google Patents

Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stromversorgung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2180587A2
EP2180587A2 EP20090157013 EP09157013A EP2180587A2 EP 2180587 A2 EP2180587 A2 EP 2180587A2 EP 20090157013 EP20090157013 EP 20090157013 EP 09157013 A EP09157013 A EP 09157013A EP 2180587 A2 EP2180587 A2 EP 2180587A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voltage
power supply
low dropout
input
receive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20090157013
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2180587A3 (de
EP2180587B1 (de
Inventor
Tom Meagher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rockwell Automation Ltd
Original Assignee
ICS Triplex Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ICS Triplex Technology Ltd filed Critical ICS Triplex Technology Ltd
Publication of EP2180587A2 publication Critical patent/EP2180587A2/de
Publication of EP2180587A3 publication Critical patent/EP2180587A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2180587B1 publication Critical patent/EP2180587B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/18—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits
    • G06F11/183—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits by voting, the voting not being performed by the redundant components
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00—Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/07—Responding to the occurrence of a fault, e.g. fault tolerance
    • G06F11/16—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware
    • G06F11/18—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits
    • G06F11/183—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits by voting, the voting not being performed by the redundant components
    • G06F11/184—Error detection or correction of the data by redundancy in hardware using passive fault-masking of the redundant circuits by voting, the voting not being performed by the redundant components where the redundant components implement processing functionality
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0045—Converters combining the concepts of switch-mode regulation and linear regulation, e.g. linear pre-regulator to switching converter, linear and switching converter in parallel, same converter or same transistor operating either in linear or switching mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/007—Plural converter units in cascade
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection

Definitions

  • This invention relates to supplying power to an module for an Industrial Process Control System and for providing a power supply with over voltage protection in particular for an Industrial Process Control System suitable for:
  • control systems are applicable to many industries including oil and gas production and refining, chemical production and processing, power generation, paper and textile mills and sewage treatment plants.
  • fault tolerance is of utmost importance. Fault tolerance is the ability to continue functioning safely in the event of one or more failures within the system.
  • Fault tolerance may be achieved by a number of different techniques, each with its specific advantages and disadvantages
  • TMR Triple Modular Redundancy
  • critical circuits are triplicated and perform identical functions simultaneously and independently.
  • the data output from each of the three circuits is voted in a majority-voting circuit, before affecting the system's outputs. If one of the triplicated circuits fails, its data output is ignored. However, the system continues to output to the process the value (voltage, current level, or discrete output state) that agrees with the majority of the functional circuits.
  • TMR provides continuous, predictable operation.
  • TMR systems are expensive to implement if full TMR is not actually a requirement, and it is desirable to utilise an architecture which provides flexibility so that differing levels of fault tolerance can be provided depending upon specified system requirements.
  • Another approach to fault tolerance is the use of hot-standby modules. This approach provides a level of fault tolerance whereby the standby module maintains system operation in the event of module failure. With this approach there may be some disruption to system operation during the changeover period if the modules are not themselves fault-tolerant.
  • Fault tolerant systems ideally create a Fault Containment Region (FCR) to ensure that a fault within the FCR boundary does not propagate to the remainder of the system. This enables multiple faults to co-exist on different parts of a system without affecting operation.
  • FCR Fault Containment Region
  • Fault tolerant systems generally employ dedicated hardware and software test and diagnostic regimes that provide very fast fault recognition and response times to provide a safer system.
  • Safety control systems are generally designed to be 'fail-operational/fail-safe'. Fail operational means that when a failure occurs, the system continues to operate: it is in a fail-operational state. The system should continue to operate in this state until the failed module is replaced and the system is returned to a fully operational state.
  • An example of fail safe operation occurs, for example if, in a TMR system, a failed module is not replaced before a second failure in a parallel circuit occurs, the second failure should cause the TMR system to shut down to a fail-safe state. It is worth noting that a TMR system can still be considered safe, even if the second failure is not failsafe, as long as the first fault is detected and annunciated, and is itself failsafe.
  • This invention relates to improved power supplies within a controller controlling an industrial process control system.
  • critical systems will be protected from over-voltage faults in the components of their power supplies.
  • a method of overvoltage protection will provide for the detection of the over-voltage faults, while permitting the system to continue to operate.
  • any power supply over-voltage fault circuitry is testable in order to detect any faults.
  • Preferably common mode noise spikes are suppressed within a power supply.
  • a power supply comprising: a primary voltage converter having a first voltage input and a second voltage output, and overvoltage protection components preventing said second voltage rising above a predetermined maximum; a first low dropout regulator connected to receive said second voltage and to generate a third voltage; a second low dropout regulator connected to receive said second voltage and to generate a fourth voltage; and a third low dropout regulator connected to receive said fourth voltage and to generate a fifth voltage.
  • said first voltage is greater than said second voltage; said second voltage is greater than said third voltage; said third voltage is greater than said fourth voltage; and said fourth voltage is greater than said fifth voltage.
  • the overvoltage protection components may comprise a series fuse and a parallel avalanche diode.
  • the power supply accordingly may further comprise a microprocessor connected to each of said low dropout regulators and to said primary voltage converter, the microprocessor arranged in operation to send a test signal and an enable signal to each low dropout regulator and to receive a monitored voltage from each low dropout regulator and further arranged in operation to apply the test signal to cause a small perturbation in a voltage received by one of said low dropout regulators and said primary voltage converter; monitor the resulting generated voltages; and shut down any one of said low dropout regulators by use of said enable signal.
  • the primary voltage converter may utilize a capacitor network comprising two parallel sets of two series capacitors to suppress the propagation of parasitic noise spikes at their source.
  • a power supply for a channel of an input/output module comprising: a field programmable gate array for generating a pair of complementary square waves on two output pins; a transformer comprising two inputs connected to receive each of said pair of complementary square waves.
  • a pair of clamping diodes may be connected to each output pin.
  • the power supply may also comprise a damping resistor in series with each transformer input.
  • a power supply system comprising a plurality of power supplies, as described previously, for a plurality of channels of an input/output module and in which each power supply is arranged in operation to generate a pair of complementary square waves at a different frequency to the frequency at which each other pair of complementary square waves is generated.
  • a distributed architecture is designed to be used in different SIL environments, so that if a high SIL is required it can be provided, but if a low SIL is all that is needed the system can be reduced in complexity in order to reduce unnecessary extra costs.
  • An exemplary Industrial Process Control System 10 comprises a workstation 12 one or more controllers 14 and a gateway 16.
  • the workstation 12 communicates with the controllers 14 and the gateway 16 via Ethernet connections 18 to one or more control networks 13. Multiple Ethernet connections 18 provide redundancy to improve fault tolerance.
  • the workstation 12 may be connected via a conventional Ethernet connection 11 to another external network 15.
  • a controller 14 will now be described in more detail with reference to Figures 2 and 3 .
  • Figure 2 illustrates a schematic diagram of the controller 14 comprising an input assembly 22, a processor assembly 24 and an output assembly 26.
  • the input assembly 24 and output assembly 26 are on different backplanes but they may equally well share a single backplane.
  • Assemblies 22, 24, 26 are created from one or more communications backplane portions which have three slots to accommodate up to three modules together with termination assemblies which have one two or three slots, and which interface to field sensors and transducers.
  • a termination assembly may straddle two contiguous backplane portions.
  • a module comprises a plug in card with multiple connectors for plugging onto a communications backplane and a termination assembly.
  • Figure 3 illustrates a possible physical configuration of the controller 14.
  • the input assembly 22, output assembly 26 and processor assembly 24 are physically separated from one another by grouping the modules of different types onto separate communications backplanes.
  • the input assembly 22 comprises two communications backplane portions, 22', 22".
  • the first backplane portion 22' has a triplex input termination assembly and three input modules 22a, 22b, 22c
  • the second backplane portion 22" has a duplex input termination assembly 22" and two input modules 22d, 22e.
  • the processor assembly 24 comprises a single processor backplane portion 24' having three processor modules 24a, 24b and 24c.
  • the output assembly 26 comprises two backplane portions 26', 26".
  • the first backplane portion 26' has a duplex output termination assembly with two output modules 26a, 26b and the second backplane portion 26" has a simplex output termination assembly with a single output module 26c.
  • An input assembly 22 comprises one or more backplane portions and termination assemblies 22' 22" 22''' etc.
  • a triplex portion 22' having three modules 22a, 22b, 22c might be used for high availability requirement
  • a duplex portion 22" having two modules 22d, 22e might be provided for fault tolerant applications
  • a simplex portion 22''' with a single modules 22f might be provided for failsafe applications.
  • the termination assemblies may be provided with different types of field conditioning circuits.
  • assembly 22' may be provided with a 24V DC field conditioning circuit 41
  • assembly 22" may be provided with a 120V DC field conditioning circuit 42
  • assembly 22'''' may be provided with a 4-20mA field conditioning circuit 43.
  • possible configurations are shown for an output assembly 26. It will be appreciated that numerous configurations of backplane portions and termination assemblies with various different numbers of modules and various different types of field conditioning circuits are possible and the invention is not limited to those shown in these
  • the processor assembly configures a replacement processor module using data from a parallel module before the replacement module becomes active.
  • the field conditioning circuits 41, 42, 43 transform a signal received from a sensor monitoring industrial process control equipment to a desired voltage range, and distribute the signal to the input modules as required.
  • Each field conditioning circuit 41, 42, 43 is also connected to field power and field return (or ground) which may be independently isolated on a channel by channel basis from all other grounds, depending on the configuration of the input termination assembly. Independent channel isolation is the preferred configuration because it is the most flexible.
  • the field conditioning circuits 41, 42, 43 comprise simple non active parts and are not online replaceable.
  • Figure 5 and Figure 6 illustrate the flexibility of the architecture described herein showing different configurations for a triplex system for generating a signal with a high availability requirement.
  • a three module input assembly 51 receives a signal from a sensor 50 via a field conditioning circuit in termination assembly 54.
  • the field conditioning circuit 54 transforms the signal to a desired voltage range and distributes the signal to three replicated input modules 53a, 53b, 53c.
  • Each input module processes the signal and the results are sent to a two out of three voter 52 to generate a result signal in dependence thereon.
  • replicated sensors 60a, 60b, 60c each send a signal to a respective simplex assemblies 61 a, 61 b, 61 c via respective field conditioning circuits in termination assemblies 64a, 64b, 64c.
  • Each input module 63a, 63b, 63c processes the signal and sends an output to a two out of three voter 62 to generate a signal in dependence thereon. It will be appreciated that many variations and configurations are possible in addition to those illustrated here.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates schematically an input module 70 in accordance with the present invention:
  • the signal isolator 20 receives a command signal 80 and returns a response signal 79 which are routed to and from the microprocessor 114.
  • the signal isolator 120 is not discussed further here.
  • Isolated power for each input channel 71 is created with direct drive from pins of the FPGA 75 by complementary square wave signals 78. Multiple pins of the FPGA may be paralleled to provide greater drive current capability.
  • FIG. 9 shows the power isolator 118 in more detail.
  • the signals 78 are input into a transformer 103 (which in the preferred embodiment is an ultra miniature 1:1 or 1:1.5 isolation transformer).
  • Clamping diodes 101 are used to ensure that the output pins of the FPGA 75 are protected from switching transient spikes from the leakage inductance of the transformer 103.
  • Low value damping resistors 102 may be used to absorb ringing from any switching transients.
  • multiple isolated channels 71 are driven with square wave signals having slightly different excitation frequencies or phases to distribute the EMI/RFI peak amplitudes, which provides improved radiated and conducted emissions performance.
  • All of the input and output modules require a power supply which is protected from overvoltage faults.
  • FIG. 10 is an illustration of a power supply for providing two voltages to an input or output module.
  • the supply is protected from over-voltage faults in such a manner that over-voltage faults can be detected and tolerated as will now be described.
  • a primary DC/DC converter 121 provides a 3.4V +/- 1 % output from a 24V input. This output is not directly protected from an over-voltage fault. However, low dropout linear regulators 122 and 125 discussed below protect downstream circuitry from an over-voltage fault on the DC/DC converter 121.
  • a low dropout linear regulator 122 receives this output where it is regulated down to 3.2V +/- 1 %. If the low dropout regulator 122 develops an input-to-output short-circuit fault, the worst case fault, then the output supplied cannot rise above 3.4V, which is still within the acceptable recommended operating range for 3.3V +/-5% integrated circuitry.
  • Extreme over-voltage fault protection components consisting of a series fuse 123 and transient over-voltage protection avalanche diode 124, are provided for the case where the DC/DC converter 121 develops an output fault condition where the output would otherwise rise above the tolerance level of the low dropout regulators 122 and 125.
  • a further over-voltage protected output voltage is provided by the combination of a further low dropout regulator 125 providing 1.3V +/- 1 % from the 3.4V source and an ultra-low dropout regulator 126.
  • the ultra low dropout regulator 126 provides 1.2V+/- 1 % from the 1.3V source voltage provided by the further low dropout regulator 125, at an amount of current that is adequate to supply an FPGA core, so that there is no possible short circuit fault that will result in more than 1.3V being applied to an FPGA core and resulting in un-predictable operation.
  • a supervisor micro-computer 127 is responsible for enabling the regulators 122, 125, 126 in sequence after the output from the DC/DC converter 121 has stabilized. This provides a confidence level in the functionality of the linear supplies.
  • the supervisor micro-computer 127 may generate a test signal 128 to the converter 121 and/or regulators 122,125,126 to coerce the generated voltages by +/- 0.5%, allowing the linear operation of the linear regulators to be verified by monitoring the generated voltages via monitor signals 129a, 129b, 129c, 129d.
  • the supervisor micro-computer 127 is also responsible for monitoring the over/under-voltage operation of the linear regulators, and shutting the system down using enable signals in the event of an out-of-tolerance fault using enable signals 130a, 130b, 130c.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a power supply protection circuit in accordance with the present invention.
  • a capacitor network 119 provides a low impedance path for any high frequency noise spikes due to the interaction of a primary winding being driven by a switching power supply controller, and the primary-secondary coupling parasitic capacitances of a flyback transformer.
  • Filter capacitors in the network 119 are sized so that the individual capacitors can withstand the necessary isolation voltage, and the series combination of two of them (half that of a single one) provides enough filtration. The resulting system can withstand a short circuit or open circuit fault of either of the capacitors.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
EP09157013.5A 2008-10-01 2009-03-31 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Stromversorgung Active EP2180587B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US10177308P 2008-10-01 2008-10-01

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EP2180587A2 true EP2180587A2 (de) 2010-04-28
EP2180587A3 EP2180587A3 (de) 2014-03-05
EP2180587B1 EP2180587B1 (de) 2020-05-06

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103135470A (zh) * 2013-03-19 2013-06-05 重庆微标科技有限公司 远程控制分机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2085839B1 (de) * 2008-02-01 2014-04-16 Rockwell Automation Limited Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verbinden von Modulen
US10678199B2 (en) * 2016-06-23 2020-06-09 Intel Corporation Systems, methods and devices for standby power entry without latency tolerance information

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EP0438294A1 (de) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-24 Honeywell Inc. Von einem Mikroprozessor gesteuerter statischer Eingangsschutz
US6411173B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2002-06-25 Honeywell International Inc. Method to achieve a DC balanced signal databus interface using combination of ethernet and RS-485 protocols with step-up transformer coupling
EP1411406A2 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Spannungsversorgung mit mehreren Versorgungspannungen
EP1450223A1 (de) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-25 Hartmut B. Dr. Brinkhus Universeller konfigurierbarer Schnittstellenschaltkreis für E/A-Ankopplungen zum einem Prozess
US6795538B1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2004-09-21 Advanced Fibre Access Corporation Initialization and monitoring system and method for DLC device
US20050029872A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-10 Ehrman Kenneth S. Universal power supply
US20050040807A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-02-24 Broadcom Corporation Power management unit for use in portable applications
WO2005038920A2 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-28 Xipower Limited Embedded power supplies, particularly for ultra large scale integrated circuits
US20060273767A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2006-12-07 Tatsuya Fujii Method and apparatus for high-efficiency DC stabilized power supply capable of effectively reducing noises and ripples
WO2007050815A2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. System and method of over voltage control for a power system

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US6270350B1 (en) * 1999-04-28 2001-08-07 I-Sim Corporation Reconfigurable hardware interface for vehicle driving simulators using a field-programmable gate array
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Patent Citations (10)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0438294A1 (de) * 1990-01-18 1991-07-24 Honeywell Inc. Von einem Mikroprozessor gesteuerter statischer Eingangsschutz
US6411173B1 (en) * 1998-12-08 2002-06-25 Honeywell International Inc. Method to achieve a DC balanced signal databus interface using combination of ethernet and RS-485 protocols with step-up transformer coupling
US6795538B1 (en) * 2000-10-06 2004-09-21 Advanced Fibre Access Corporation Initialization and monitoring system and method for DLC device
US20060273767A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2006-12-07 Tatsuya Fujii Method and apparatus for high-efficiency DC stabilized power supply capable of effectively reducing noises and ripples
EP1411406A2 (de) * 2002-10-18 2004-04-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Spannungsversorgung mit mehreren Versorgungspannungen
EP1450223A1 (de) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-25 Hartmut B. Dr. Brinkhus Universeller konfigurierbarer Schnittstellenschaltkreis für E/A-Ankopplungen zum einem Prozess
US20050029872A1 (en) * 2003-08-08 2005-02-10 Ehrman Kenneth S. Universal power supply
US20050040807A1 (en) * 2003-08-20 2005-02-24 Broadcom Corporation Power management unit for use in portable applications
WO2005038920A2 (en) * 2003-10-17 2005-04-28 Xipower Limited Embedded power supplies, particularly for ultra large scale integrated circuits
WO2007050815A2 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Continental Automotive Systems Us, Inc. System and method of over voltage control for a power system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103135470A (zh) * 2013-03-19 2013-06-05 重庆微标科技有限公司 远程控制分机

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US8125104B2 (en) 2012-02-28
EP2180587A3 (de) 2014-03-05
US20100079129A1 (en) 2010-04-01
EP2180587B1 (de) 2020-05-06

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