Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
  • C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
  • C10M2203/1065—Naphthenic fractions used as base material
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
  • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
  • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the use of a lubricating oil composition, in particular as a hydraulic fluid in a hydraulic system.
• Lubricating oil compositions are widely used as hydraulic fluids in e.g. manufacturing, construction and transportation .
• a "multigrade" hydraulic fluid i.e. a fluid with a relatively high (> 150) viscosity index (VI) which can be used in equipment where operating temperatures can vary significantly
• the formulator can obtain the desired VI by proper selection of type and amounts of the base oil and VI improver.
• API Group I mineral oils commonly have a viscosity index of 90-100.
• Other types of base oils such as poly- alpha-olefin (PAOs) and esters may have a VI about 135 and 160 respectively.
• PAOs poly- alpha-olefin
• esters may have a VI about 135 and 160 respectively.
• VI improvers "VI improvers", “VI modifiers” or “thickening agents” are used to increase the VI of the intended composition.
• the thickening or VI adding power of a VI modifier usually increases with its molecular weight.
• Shear stability is the tendency of the large (usually polymer) molecules to be degraded during use as they pass around the hydraulic system.
• the formulator needs to carefully select the base oil (or base oil mixture), thickening power and shear stability in order to formulate a composition that meets the desired targets.
• base oil or base oil mixture
• thickening power and shear stability
• the trend has been to move away from formulating high VI fluids with relatively high VI index but poor shear stability to formulating fluids meeting the required minimum level of VI considering the climatic conditions of operation and optimal shear stability.
• One or more of the above or other objects of the present invention can be achieved by providing the use of a lubricating oil composition comprising a base oil and one or more viscosity index improvers, wherein the lubricating oil composition has a Viscosity Index (VI; according to ASTM D2280) of at least 190 for improving the energy consumption in a hydraulic system.
• VI Viscosity Index
• the energy consumption can be obtained in the whole temperature range of from - 60°C to +75°C, preferably from -40°C to +40°C, more preferably from -40 °C to 0°C , even more preferably from -20°C to 0°C, especially from -20°C to -5°C and most preferably from -20°C to -10 0 C.
• said base oil is petroleum-based, synthetic hydrocarbon-based and/or ester-based. If desired, mixtures of two or more base oils may be used.
• the base oil in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention may be selected from mineral and/or synthetic lubricant base oils.
• Said base oil is preferably present in an amount of at least 50 wt.%, more preferably at least 60 wt.%, and at most 90%, more preferably at most 80%, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition.
• Mineral lubricant base oils that may be conveniently used include liquid petroleum oils and solvent treated or acid treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraf finic/naphthenic type which may be further refined by hydrocracking and hydrof inishing processes and/or dewaxing.
• Naphthenic base oils have low viscosity index (VI) (generally 40-80) and a low pour point. Such base oils are produced from feedstocks rich in naphthenes and low in wax content and are used mainly for lubricants in which colour and colour stability are important, and VI and oxidation stability are of secondary importance. Paraffinic base oils have higher VI (generally >95) and a high pour point. Said base oils are produced from feedstocks rich in paraffins, and are used for lubricants in which VI and oxidation stability are important.
• VI viscosity index
• Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils may be conveniently used as the lubricating oil base oil in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention, for example, the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils disclosed in EP 776 959, EP 668 342, WO 97/21788, WO 00/15736, WO 00/14188, WO 00/14187, WO 00/14183, WO 00/14179, WO 00/08115, WO 99/41332, EP 1 029 029, WO 01/18156 and WO 01/57166.
• the Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils disclosed in EP 776 959, EP 668 342, WO 97/21788, WO 00/15736, WO 00/14188, WO 00/14187, WO 00/14183, WO 00/14179, WO 00/08115, WO 99/41332, EP 1 029 029, WO 01/18156 and WO 01/57166.
• Synthetic processes enable molecules to be built from simpler substances or to have their structures modified to give the precise properties required.
• Synthetic lubricant base oils include hydrocarbon oils such as olefin oligomers (also known as polyalphaolefins (PAOs)) .
• Synthetic hydrocarbon base oils sold by the Shell Group under the designation "XHVI” (trade mark) may be conveniently used.
• Preferred lubricating oil base oils for use in the lubricating oil composition of the present invention are Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV or Group V base oils, polyalphaolefins, Fischer-Tropsch derived base oils and mixtures thereof.
• Group I -V base oils in the present invention are meant lubricating oil base oils according to the definitions of American Petroleum Institute (API) categories I-V. Such API categories are defined in API Publication 1509, 15 th Edition, Appendix E, April 2002. Group I base oils contain less than 90 % saturates (according to ASTM D2007) and/or greater than 0.03 % sulphur (according to ASTM D2622, D4294, D4927 or D3120) and have a viscosity index of greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120 (according to ASTM D2270) .
• API American Petroleum Institute
• Group II base oils contain greater than or equal to 90 % saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 % sulphur and have a viscosity index of greater than or equal to 80 and less than 120, according to the aforementioned ASTM methods.
• Group III base oils contain greater than or equal to 90 % saturates and less than or equal to 0.03 % sulphur and have a viscosity index of greater than 120, according to the afore-mentioned ASTM methods .
• poly- alpha-olef ins and their manufacture are well known in the art.
• Preferred poly-alpha-olef ins that may be used in lubricating oil compositions of the present invention may be derived from C 2 to C 32 alpha olefins .
• Particularly preferred feedstocks for said poly- alpha-olef ins are 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene and 1- tetradecene .
• lubricating oil base oils that may be conveniently used in the lubricating oil compositions of the present invention have a kinematic viscosity at
• 100 0 C (according to ASTM D445) in the range of from 1 to 300 mm 2 /s, more preferably in the range of from 1 to 100 mm 2 / s .
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity in the range of from 15 to 150 mm 2 /s at 40 0 C (according to ASTM D445), more preferably in the range of from 20 to 100 mm 2 /s, and most preferably in the range of from 25 to 68 mm 2 / s .
• a preferred lubricating base oil for use in one embodiment herein is a Group V base oil, in particular a naphthenic gas oil. Particularly suitable are naphthenic gas oils having low pour points, typically less than -50 0 C. An example of a suitable naphthenic gas oil is commercially available from Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd. under the tradename Risella 907.
• viscosity index improvers examples include non- dispersant-type viscosity index improvers such as polymethacrylates and olefin copolymers such as ethylene/propylene copolymer and styrene/diene copolymer, and dispersion-type viscosity index improvers such as those obtained by copolymerizing these with nitrogen- containing monomers.
• the amount added thereof may conveniently be from 0.1 to 35 wt%, preferably from 10 wt% to 35 wt%, more preferably from 20 wt% to 30 wt%, based on the total lubricating oil composition.
• the lubricating oil composition of the present invention can further comprise one or more additives such as anti-wear additives, corrosion inhibitors, anti- oxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour-point depressants and the like.
• additives such as anti-wear additives, corrosion inhibitors, anti- oxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, pour-point depressants and the like.
• the amount of said additives to be present in the lubricating composition depends on the specific compounds used. As the above-mentioned and other additives are well known in the art, they are not described herein in full detail.
• the total amount added of the additives may conveniently be from 0.1 to 15.0 wt. %, based on the total lubricating oil composition .
• anti-wear additives are zinc-based or zinc-free or ashless anti-wear additives.
• corrosion inhibitors are N- alkylsarcosinic acids, alkylate phenoxy acetates, imidazolines, the alkaline earth metal salts of phosphate esters disclosed in EP 0 801 116 and alkenyl succinate ester-based corrosion inhibitors.
• anti-oxidants are amine-based, sulphur based, phenol-based and phosphorus-based anti-oxidants. These antioxidants can be used individually, or a plurality can be used in combination.
• foam inhibitors are organo-silicates such as dimethylpolysiloxane, diethyl silicate and fluorosilicone, and non-silicone foam inhibitors such as polyalkyl acrylates.
• demulsifiers are polyalkylene glycol- based nonionic surfactants such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ethers and polyoxyethylene alkyl naphthyl ethers.
• pour-point depressants are polymethacrylate-based polymers.
• the lubricating oil composition according to the present invention can be conveniently prepared by blending together one or more base oils, the one or more VI improvers and one or more further additives .
• the present invention provides the use of the lubricating oil composition for reducing the time of lifting a weight in a hydraulically operated lifting apparatus.
• Non-limiting examples of a hydraulically operated lifting apparatus are a fork-lift truck, a garbage truck, cherry picker, open cast mining equipment, etc.
• the present invention provides a method of improving the energy consumption in a hydraulic system by using the lubricating oil composition as described herein . Furthermore the present invention provides a method of reducing the time of lifting a weight in a hydraulically operated lifting apparatus by using the lubricating oil composition as described herein.
• the present invention is described below with reference to the following Examples, which are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way.
• Formulations were blended in a conventional way using the base oils and additives specified in Table 1 in order to obtain the viscosity properties as outlined in Table 2.
• Table 1 The amounts in Table 1 are in wt.%, based on the total weight of the formulation.
• Base oil 1 is an API Group V base oil, designated a "naphthenic gas oil” commercially available from Shell Petroleum Co. Ltd. under the tradename Risella 907;
• Base oil 2 is an API Group V naphthenic base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C (ASTM D445) of between 7.9 and 8.9 mm 2 /s;
• Base oil 3 is a blend of API Group I base oils available from Shell Petroleum Co., Ltd under the trade designation "HVI 60", “HVI 100” and “HVI 160", the blend being adjusted to give the viscosities as given in Table 2; and
• Base oil 4 is an API Group III base oil available from Fortnum Neste OY under the trade designation "Nextbase 3050”.
• the viscosity index improvers as used in the formulations of Tables 1 and 2 were those available from Rohmax GmbH under the trade designations "Viscoplex 8-238" (VI improver 1) and "Viscoplex 8-200" (VI improver 2 ) .
• the formulations of Tables 1 and 2 also comprised an additive combination of conventional additives in conventional amounts to act as corrosion inhibitors, demulsifiers, anti-wear agents, anti-oxidants, pour-point depressants and foam inhibitors.
• Example 1 is according to the present invention whilst the remaining Examples in Tables 1 and 2 are comparative in nature (and referred to as Comparative Examples 1-4) .
• each formulation was tested in turn on the setup by raising and lowering a standard container containing 1 tonne water and antifreeze (such that the content of container remained liquid at -20 0 C) 40 times at the following ambient temperatures: -20 0 C, -15°C, -10 0 C, -5°C, 0 0 C, 5°C, 10 0 C, 20 0 C, 40 0 C.
• the temperature sequence was split into 2 parts: a) the cold sequence starting at -20 0 C up to -5°C; and b) a warm sequence starting with +40 0 C down to 0 0 C.
• Each of the sequences were conducted in one day with repeat tests performed the following day.
• Formulation temperature was measured continuously at the control unit, the reservoir and at the inlet to the hydraulic cylinder (the "lifting frame") . Oil pressure was measured at the control unit, pump exit and the lifting frame.
• the fork lift operation speed and lift height was measured with a high precision distance sensor. Each cycle of raising the container was timed, and the DC current through the pump motor and voltage across it measured. The product of the time (in seconds), current (amperes) and voltage (volts) gives the total energy consumption in kWh as follows :
• test apparatus was conditioned at the test temperature until the formulation reservoir was at the target temperature. In later testing, the test apparatus was conditioned until all three temperature points were within ⁇ 2°C of the target. Re sult s
• Table 3 below shows the cumulative electrical energy consumption (in Wh) after lifting the container ten times for each formulation.
• Table 5 shows the average lifting time over ten cycles in seconds.
• Example 1 according to the present invention shows a benefit over the entire temperature range tested (-20 to +40 0 C) .

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2008
  • 2008-08-22 RU RU2010110824/04A patent/RU2486233C2/ru active
  • 2008-08-22 WO PCT/EP2008/060996 patent/WO2009024610A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2008-08-22 EP EP08803161A patent/EP2179014A1/en not_active Ceased
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